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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2024

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  • An Overview of Sport and the Future Smart Cities
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    • Narek Parsamyan
    2024

    One of the main challenges for future cities is to strengthen the role of people and their activities. Therefore, sport provides an opportunity to engage in physical activity, connecting citizens to the city. The question of how sport influences the development of cities and the concept of future smart cities arises. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between sport and the concept of smart cities by identifying sport factors in the literature. The article highlights different areas of influence of sport on the smart city concept through specific examples of the contribution of sport to urban development and the well-being of citizens. The study states that the consideration of sport in the context of smart cities is relevant and multidimensional, since sport is a factor for the development of city solutions using in “hard” projects such as infrastructural and technological ones, and “soft” projects relating to improving social inclusion and healthcare. Including sport as a building component of the smart city concept is a new perspective of city governance, which is so far rarely discussed and, therefore, important. Sport has a broad influence on the social, technological, and environmental evolution of cities, therefore, sport appears to be a relevant factor that should contribute to the debate on future city agendas. The research delivers the links between sport and smart cities, which is important for further scientific considerations on the insights of smart city, and explores the subject of the influence of sport on the evolution of cities of tomorrow.

  • AN UPDATED FRAMEWORK FOR DIMENSIONING SAFE PARAMETERS OF INLAND WATERWAYS ADOPTING FUZZY LOGIC
    • Ievgen Medvediev
    • Dmitriy Muzylyov
    • Jakub Montewka
    2024 Full text

    Recently established guidelines by World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure (PIANC) for designing the dimensions of the inland waterway, offer a methodology for determining safe width of inland waterways based on a concept of safety and ease of navigation. Therein a wide set of external and internal factors of various origin (organizational, technical, related to human) known to affect the safety and ease (S&E) of navigation are accounted for. Based on their anticipated effect, either positive or negative on S&E the labels are assigned to each factor, aggregated, and resulting effect is determined. Based on the effect, the width of the waterway is estimated. The anticipated effect of each factor is expressed in a binary manner, where the factor may improve or deteriorate the S&E of navigation, however, the magnitude of this influence is not accounted for, which we found as the main gap in knowledge. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce an updated framework for determining the S&E of navigation by improving the existing model structure and its parameters through the application of fuzzy logic. The latter is employed since waterways in each region are characterized by a specific set of factors, and some of them are difficult to quantify unambiguously. The information required to feed the updated model was collected through a survey employing a group of experts comprising inland ship captains, and engineers, with at least 3 years of work experience. The proposed concretization of the influence of factors on the resulting assessment will improve the design of the dimensions of the inland waterway. Such result assessment is the main advantage of the updated framework compared to the current PIANC management. The existing vague binary S&E estimate of inland waterways is transformed to specific values by the updated framework. The initial evaluation range [-1; + 1] remains unchanged. It is possible by approximating the incoming values of the vaguely quantified parameters into a concretized intermediate estimate value due to fuzzy logic. Therefore, the updated framework enhances this particular PIANC guidelines.

  • Analiza czasochłonności docierania jednotarczowego powierzchni płaskich elementów ceramicznych - studium przypadku
    • Adam Barylski
    2024

    Przedstawiono analizę czasochłonności docierania elementów ceramicznych. Badano czasochłonność obróbki na dwóch docierarkach jednotarczowych o znacząco różniących się średnicach tarcz docierających. Porównano czasy jednostkowe docierania elementów płaskich z ceramiki technicznej Al2O3

  • Analiza doświadczalna wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta na zachowanie przyczepności w teście pull-out
    • Marcin Burdziński
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024 Full text Inżynieria i Budownictwo

    Artykuł prezentuje badania przyczepności przeprowadzone przy użyciu testu pull-out. Eksperymenty miały na celu ocenę wpływu długości zakotwienia na przyczepność w tym teście. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że długość styku pręt-beton znacząco wpływa na zachowanie przyczepności. Określa ona typ zniszczenia połączenia, wpływa na rozkład i wartość naprężeń w pręcie oraz rzutuje na przebieg krzywej przyczepność-poślizg, która jest kluczowym rezultatem testu pull-out.

  • Analiza numeryczna wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta na zachowanie przyczepności w teście pull-out
    • Marcin Burdziński
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024

    Artykuł przedstawia symulacje numeryczne testu pull-out przeprowadzone w programie ABAQUS. Celem analizy była ocena wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta żebrowanego na przyczepność. Interakcję pręta z betonem odwzorowano za pomocą kohezyjnej powierzchni kontaktu, wykorzystując skalibrowane krzywe zależności przyczepność-poślizg, otrzymane z badań własnych. W obliczeniach numerycznych wykorzystano parametry mechaniczne betonu i stali wykorzystanych w eksperymentach. Analiza wykazała istotny wpływ długości zakotwienia na zachowanie przyczepności. Wyniki symulacji numerycznych charakteryzują się wysoką zbieżnością z rezultatami eksperymentów, m.in. pod względem krzywej przyczepność-poślizg czy pracy materiałów.

  • Analiza numeryczna wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta na zachowanie przyczepności w teście pull-out
    • Marcin Burdziński
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024 Full text Inżynieria i Budownictwo

    W artykule przedstawiono symulacje numeryczne testu pull-out w programie ABAQUS. Symulacje miały na celu ocenienie wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta żebrowanego na przyczepność w tym teście, opierając się na wynikach przeprowadzonych eksperymentów. Interakcję pręta z betonem odwzorowano za pomocą kohezyjnej powierzchni kontaktu, wykorzystując skalibrowane krzywe przyczepność-poślizg, otrzymane z doświadczeń wykonanych w ramach badań własnych. Do zdefiniowania modeli materiałowych użyto parametrów mechanicznych betonu i stali wykorzystanych w testach. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że długość zakotwienia znacząco wpływa na zachowanie przyczepności. Rezultaty symulacji numerycznych charakteryzują się dużą zbieżnością z badaniami laboratoryjnymi, zarówno pod kątem krzywej przyczepność-poślizg, jak i pracy materiałów.

  • Analiza połączenia ciesielskiegotypu rounded dovetail connection
    • Krzysztof Ryncewicz
    • Marcin Szczepański
    • Dominika Habyk
    • Jakub Marchewka
    • Aleksandra Raszkowska
    2024 Full text Builder

    The advancing technology of numerically controlled machines for woodworking has contributed to the development of new types of carpentry joints. One such example is the rounded dovetail connection (RDC). Due to its advantages, such as aes thetics and ease of assembly, this solution can serve as an alternative to commonly used fittings and carpentry joints. However, there is a lack of data on the tensile strength of this connection in the literature, normative documents, and design guidelines. This paper presents the state of knowledge, describes the research setup, and presents the results of tests conducted on samples made of solid structural timber connected with wedge joints on a real scale. Based on the accepted criteria, the tensile strength was assessed and compared with the densities of the individual samples. The results indicated that this connection exhibits a certain tensile strength. The study served as a preliminary step for further analyses related to attempts to strengthen the connection using full-threaded self taping screws.

  • ANALIZA POSTACI SYGNAŁU SYNCHRONIZACYJNEGO NPSS W NB-IOT
    • Olga Błaszkiewicz
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    • Piotr Rajchowski
    2024 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    W artykule zaprezentowane zostały możliwości zmiany postaci sekwencji Zadoff-Chu używanej do wygenerowania sygnału synchronizacyjnego NPSS w interfejsie radiowym NB-IoT. Modyfikacji poddano elementy charakterystyczne sekwencji z uwzględnieniem: root index, ciągu binarnego czy składnika funkcji wykładniczej w celu poprawy właściwości korelacyjnych na potrzeby synchronizacji pracy terminali użytkowników.

  • Analiza stateczności skarpy klifu w ciągubrzegu morskiego w miejscowości Rozewie
    • Witold Tisler
    • Wiktoria Pałasz
    • Tomasz Pierzchliński
    • Natalia Piórkowska
    • Kacper Szulc
    2024 Builder

    W opracowaniu przedstawiono wariantową analizę stateczności wykonaną dla klifu znajdującego się w miejscowości Rozewie. Na zboczu z uwagi na gęstą roślinność oraz wysokie nachylenie zachodzą procesy osuwiskowe i wymaga ono wzmocnienia. W porównaniu przeprowadzonych analiz szczególną uwagę zwrócono na sposób modelowania poziomu wody gruntowej oraz wartości parametrów przyjmowanych dla modelu van Genuchtena, odpowiedzialnego za analizę przepływu w strefie nienasyconej.

  • Analiza techniczno-ekonomiczna zastosowania systemu magazynowania energii zasilanego z instalacji fotowoltaicznej
    • Blanka Jakubowska
    • Aleksandra Sierdzińska
    2024 Rynek Energii

    W artykule dokonano oceny celowości implementacji magazynu energii do instalacji fotowoltaicznej o mocy zainstalowanej 39,3 kW. W analizowanym przypadku prąd produkowany jest na potrzeby gospodarstwa sadowniczego oraz mieszkańców domu jednorodzinnego. Analiza, oparta na realnych danych rocznej eksploatacji systemu fotowoltaicznego, uwzględnia ilość wyprodukowanej energii nadwyżki energii przekazywanej do sieci i z niej pobieranej. Zebrane dane umożliwiły odpowiedni dobór pojemności akumulatorów. W ramach prowadzonej analizy określono ilość energii jaka możliwa jest do zmagazynowania, liczbę cykli pracy, koszty eksploatacyjne i inwestycyjne oraz koszt zaoszczędzonej energii. Przeprowadzona analiza opiera się na dwóch wariantach, wykorzystujących technologie baterii litowo-jonowych i kwasowo-ołowiowych.

  • ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING PROCESSES IN TRANSACTIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS
    • Halyna Bielokha
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Denys Derevianko
    • Ihor Radysh
    2024 Full text POWER ENGINEERING

    The implementation of smart charging of electric vehicles allows operators of local power networks and electricity suppliers to implement new business models for the interaction of electric vehicles with the network. In addition to the optimal selection of Microgrid capacities when charging electric vehicles, it is also important to use different charging methods. To satisfy the interests of all participants of local systems from an economic and technical point of view, the concept of transactional energy was chosen. The effect of different charge management methods on EV battery efficiency, such as two-stage charging (CC-CV), accelerated charging (AC) and alternative multi-level MSCC charging, has been investigated. The optimization of charging processes aims not only to increase the profit from the sale of electricity, but also to minimize charging costs by means of an optimal flow of electricity from the network to the car. The proposed objective function depends on the generation capacity of all sources included in the system, the state of charge of the storage systems, the time of day, the charging time of electric vehicles, the charging speed, and the price of electricity. The control system, solving the objective function, itself chooses and offers the consumer and the aggregator a charging method that, given the system parameters, will be optimal for all participants of the transactional system. Three charge methods were investigated by digital simulation for four different types of electric vehicles, all considered charge methods have high energy efficiency indicators that can be used as control methods for charging electric vehicles from local systems

  • Analysis of cyclone separator solutions depending on spray ejector condenser conditions
    • Milad Amiri
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Jaroslaw Mikielewicz
    • Michał Klugmann
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2024 APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING

    The core design strategy for minimizing CO2 emissions in gas power plant entails combining a spray ejector condenser (SEC) and separator to accomplish steam condensation and CO2 purification. This innovative process involves direct-contact condensation of steam with CO2, facilitated by interaction with a subcooled water spray, along with a cyclone separator mechanism intended for generating pure CO2. The investigation of the SEC section, both experimentally and analytically, provides crucial insights into its operational dynamics. Given the susceptibility of cyclone efficiency to fluctuations in SEC conditions, this research endeavors to examine the impacts of CO2 volumetric flow rate and droplet break-up within the SEC on the separation efficacy of the cyclone separator. Additionally, the impact of cone size on the performance of the cyclone has been investigated. Here, a three-dimensional, transient, and turbulent cyclone separator is numerically simulated using Ansys Fluent 2021 R1. The Reynolds Stress Model is employed to simulate turbulent flow, while a mixture model is utilized to replicate swirl two-phase flow within the separators. The findings revealed that reductions in steam and CO2 flow rates were associated with a decrease in outlet temperature but an increase in SEC inlet temperature, leading to a rise in temperature difference and heat transfer rate. Furthermore, an augmentation in cyclone cone size (from 0.2 to 0.5 m) resulted in enhanced separation efficiency (from 77.30% to 80.98%) alongside an elevation in pressure drop (from 6.08 Pa to 10.91 Pa), suggesting a compromise between CO2 purification and energy consumption. Additionally, elevated CO2 flow rates induced a rise in pressure drop and separation efficiency, ultimately achieving maximum efficiency at a rate of 24 g/s. Moreover, the exploration into droplet breakup manifesting in a boost in separation efficiency from 50.98% to 100% across droplet diameters ranging from 1 to 20 μm.

  • Analysis of Drone Signals Based on Change Point Detection Algorithm
    • Grzegorz Fotyga
    • Bartosz Bossy
    • Paweł Żukowski
    • Aleksander Nowak
    2024 Full text

    The work presents an algorithm characterized by high precision and efficiency in identifying signals related to data transmission between the controller and the drone. Using an efficient change point detection algorithm and parallel analysis capabilities, this method facilitates rapid signal analysis. These features make the proposed algorithm a solid basis for developing an effective anti-drone defense system.

  • Analysis of dynamics of a map-based neuron model via Lorenz maps
    • Piotr Bartłomiejczyk
    • Frank Llovera Trujillo
    • Justyna Signerska-Rynkowska
    2024 Full text CHAOS

    Modeling nerve cells can facilitate formulating hypotheses about their real behavior and improve understanding of their functioning. In this paper, we study a discrete neuron model introduced by Courbage et al. [Chaos 17, 043109 (2007)], where the originally piecewise linear function defining voltage dynamics is replaced by a cubic polynomial, with an additional parameter responsible for varying the slope. Showing that on a large subset of the multidimensional parameter space, the return map of the voltage dynamics is an expanding Lorenz map, we analyze both chaotic and periodic behavior of the system and describe the complexity of spiking patterns fired by a neuron. This is achieved by using and extending some results from the theory of Lorenz-like and expanding Lorenz mappings.

  • Analysis of Ferroresonance Mitigation Effectiveness in Auxiliary Power Systems of High-Voltage Substations
    • Rafał Tarko
    • Wiesław Nowak
    • Jakub Gajdzica
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2024 Full text ENERGIES

    Ferroresonance in power networks is a dangerous phenomenon, which may result in overcurrents and overvoltages, causing damage to power equipment and the faulty operation of protection systems. For this reason, the possibility of the occurrence of ferroresonance has to be identified, and adequate methods need to be incorporated to eliminate or reduce its effects. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of ferroresonance damping in auxiliary power systems of high-voltage substations by selected damping devices. Laboratory experiments, the results of which created bases for the development of models of selected damping devices, are presented. These models were used to simulate the effectiveness of ferroresonance damping in an auxiliary power system of a 220/110 kV substation in the EMTP-ATP program. The analyses showed that control systems with different algorithms of operation are used in damping devices. This knowledge is important when selecting parameters and settings of the applied damping devices for a given network and the disturbances in it. The presented research results have proved the effectiveness of commercially available damping devices, provided their parameters are correctly coordinated with the settings of the power system protection.

  • Analysis of friction ridge evidence for trace amounts of paracetamol in various pharmaceutical industries by Raman spectroscopy
    • Martyna Czarnomska
    • Aneta Lewkowicz
    • Mattia Pierpaoli
    • Emilia Gruszczyńska
    • Magdalena Kasprzak
    • Zygmunt Gryczyński
    • Piotr Bojarski
    • Sławomir Steinborn
    • Krzysztof Woźniewski
    2024 Full text JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES

    The detection of potentially harmful substances presents a multifaceted challenge. On one hand, it can directly save lives, on the other, it can significantly aid and enhance police work, thereby increasing the effectiveness of investigations. The research conducted in this study primarily aims to identify paracetamol in fingerprints, considering situations involving direct contact of a person with paracetamol either chronically or in a single dose. The identification procedure presented, utilizing Raman spectroscopy, aims to rapidly detect the xenobiotic following ingestion by an individual, which involves touching the tablet with their fingers—this can be termed as touch evidence in forensic science investigations. Additionally, the authors focus on assessing the impact of additives present in drugs containing paracetamol as the main active ingredient. The screening results obtained will enable us to analyze the composition of drugs in terms of potentially toxic substances, and their influence on the physicochemical activity of the active substance. We successfully identified the paracetamol molecule using a noninvasive forensic trace detection method. Samples in the form of common drugs containing 500 mg of paracetamol were studied. Throughout the study, comprehensive validation of the method was ensured through the utilization of a statistical model, which excluded sensitivity to the presence of other substances, whether additives or from the external environment. The proposed approach to trace the content of substances in fingerprint using Raman scattering analysis provides a useful starting point to enhance current analytical methods not only in forensic science but also in toxicology.

  • Analysis of observability and detectability for CSTR model of biochemical processes under uncertain system dynamics and various sets of measured outputs
    • Rafał Łangowski
    • Mateusz Czyżniewski
    2024 Full text Archives of Control Sciences

    An analysis of observability and detectability for continuous stirred tank reactor model of selected biochemical processes has been addressed in this paper. In particular, properties of observability or detectability of the considered system model have been proved under uncertain system dynamics in view of various sets of system measured outputs. It is related to considering system dynamics depending on initial conditions and the impact of inputs taking into account a given measured output. The method of indistinguishable state trajectories (indistinguishable dynamics) and tools based on the Lyapunov second method were used to investigate the observability and detectability properties. The analysis was performed for eight cases of different sets of measured outputs with association to the realistic features of measuring devices. The obtained research results are essential for system state estimation that involves the synthesis of state observers. The proposed approach may be successfully applied to the complex biochemical non-linear uncertain systems modelled as continuous stirred tank reactors.

  • Analysis of regulations regarding transport of dangerous goods by road in Poland and in Europe
    • Bartłomiej Kobus
    • Joanna Wachnicka
    2024 Full text Przegląd Komunikacyjny

    The subject of the article are regulations regarding transport of hazardous materials in road transportation. In Poland, as well as in most European countries, these regulations are mainly governed by the ADR Agreement, which is a supra-national legal act. The article contains an analysis of the mentioned legal act. Despite the fact that the ADR Agreement harmonizes regulations concerning the transport of hazardous materials, there are domestic standards that diff er slightly from the provisions of this agreement. The article also describes parking facilities for vehicles carrying hazardous materials in Poland and presents statistical data regarding parking spaces for this type of vehicles.

  • Analysis of Roughness, the Material Removal Rate, and the Acoustic Emission Signal Obtained in Flat Grinding Processes
    • Piotr Sender
    • Irene Buj - Corral
    • Jesús Álvarez-Flórez
    2024 Full text Machines

    In this work, the analysis of the acoustic emission (AE) signal in grinding processes is addressed. The proposed analysis method decomposes the acoustic signal into three frequency ranges. The total energy of each range is determined, as well as the highest frequency. Different grinding experiments were carried out, according to a full factorial design of experiments (DOE), in which feed speed, depth of cut, and transversal step (table cross feed) were varied. Arithmetic average roughness Ra and the material removal rate (MRR) were determined. It was observed that Ra depends mainly on the transversal step, followed by feed speed and the interaction between the transversal step and depth of cut, while MRR is greatly influenced by the transversal step. According to multi-objective optimization with the Derringer–Suich function, in order to simultaneously minimize Ra and maximize MRR, a transversal step of 9 mm per longitudinal pass, feed speed of 20 m/min, and depth of cut of 0.020 mm should be selected.

  • ANALYSIS OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS IN A GERMICIDAL CHAM-BER SUPPORTED BY LIGHT-ILLUMINATED GOLD NANORODS USING CFD-EQUATIONS AND A THERMAL CAMERA
    • Piotr Radomski
    • Dominik Kreft
    • Maria Nevarez Martinez
    • Aimad Koulali
    • Iuliia Mukha
    • Luciano De Sio
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2024 Full text

    Since the COVID-19 pandemic, protection against pathogenic germs and surface disinfection have become critical issues. Most effective bacteria/virus inactivation methods are either power-consuming or require using caustic chemical substances. Herein, thermal inactivation appears to be an affordable and effective technique as long as high temperatures are reached quickly and long-termly maintained. Therefore, the preparation of a chamber that accomplishes this purpose has been envisioned, designed and manufactured, allowing significant germ inactivation and offering an effective tool for water purification stations. In this regard, this work proposes applying 16-16-65-nm laser-illuminated gold nanorods (AuNRs) as a non-standard heat source, which can produce the generated heat inside a considered volume. Consequently, the locations of AuNRs deposited on glass platforms, stuck on the internal or external chamber’s walls, from two sides, were investigated to intensify the heat transfer processes upon the entire chamber. To verify the efficiency of the energy conversion from light to heat, spectroscopy techniques and laser power meters were used. Similarly, temperature fields at the illuminated platforms were solved using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) equations and two different theoretical models which adopt the Rayleigh approximation and consider the delivered heat flux with a fixed efficiency, respectively. The considered Models were verified using a calibrated and highly-resolved thermal camera. Upon 900-mW 808-nm laser illumination for 50 min, the temperature of the platforms increased by οܶ ൎ ͷ͹ǤͳԨ and οܶ ൎ ͵ͺͺǤ͵Ԩ for an unfocused and focused beam, respectively. However, the quickest heat diffusion process is visible when the AuNR platform is situated in the internal position of the chamber, offering οܶ ൎ ͵ͻǤͶԨ after 50 min of illumination.