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Badanie wybranych właściwości wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F
- Stanisław Czapp
- Hanan Tariq
- Kornel Borowski
2024 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
W instalacjach elektrycznych niskiego napięcia instaluje się coraz więcej przekształtników energoelektronicznych (systemy fotowoltaiczne, instalacje ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych, układy napędowe o regulowanej prędkości obrotowej silnika), a mają one wpływ na dobór typu wyzwalania wyłączników różnicowoprądowych (AC, A, F lub B). W obwodach, w których pojawia się prąd różnicowy zawierający składowe o częstotliwości innej niż 50 Hz, może być konieczne zastosowanie wyłącznika różnicowoprądowego typu F. W artykule omówiono wyniki badań progu zadziałania tego typu wyłączników różnicowoprądowych przy prądach różnicowych o częstotliwościach innych niż 50 Hz. Przedstawiono również reakcję wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F na pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej wykonany dwoma miernikami różniącymi się czasem przepływu prądu pomiarowego. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, jaki należy dobrać miernik, aby nie następowało zbędne wyzwalanie wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F podczas tego pomiaru.
BADNIA WYTRZYMAŁOŚCI HISTORYCZNYCH MURÓW CEGLANYCH
- Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
- Tomasz Majewski
2024 Pełny tekst
Treść niniejszego artykułu dotyczy badań historycznych murów ceglanych i swoim zakresem obejmuje zarówno badania polowe, jak również eksperymenty laboratoryjne. Zakres artykułu dotyczy badań wytrzymałościowych zabytkowych murów ceglanych, rozumianych jako badania wytrzymałości na ściskanie.
Balistyka Dla Snajperów
- Jerzy Ejsmont
2024
Książka stanowi poradnik dla snajperów zawierający informacje na temat balistyki wewnętrznej, zewnętrznej i końcowej pocisków karabinowych. Omówione są również celowniki optyczne, noktowizyjne i termowizyjne.
BASECOL2023 scientific content
- M. L. Dubernet
- C. Boursier
- O. Denis-Alpizar
- Y.a. Ba
- N. Moreau
- C. M. Zwölf
- M.a. Amor
- D. Babikov
- N. Balakrishnan
- C. Balança
- M. Ben Khalifa
- A. Bergeat
- C.t. Bop
- L. Cabrera-González
- C. Cárdenas
- A. Chefai
- P. J. Dagdigian
- F. Dayou
- S. Demes
- B. Desrousseaux
- F. Dumouchel
- A. Faure
- R. C. Forrey
- Jan Franz
- R. M. García-Vázquez
- Francesco Antonio Gianturco
- A. Palluet Godard
- Lola González-Sánchez
- G. C. Groenenboom
- P. Halvick
- K. Hammami
- F. Khadri
- Y. Kalugina
- I. Kleiner
- Jacek Kłos
- F. Lique
- J. Loreau
- B. Mandal
- Barry P. Mant
- S. Marinakis
- D. Ndaw
- P. Jankowiak Pirlot
- T. Price
- E. Quintas-Sánchez
- R. Ramachandran
- E. Sahnoun
- C. Santander
- P. C. Stancil
- T Stoecklin
- Jonathan Tennyson
- F. Tonolo
- R. Urzúa-Leiva
- B. Yang
- E. Yurtsever
- M. Żóltowski
2024 Pełny tekst ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Context. The global context of making numerous data produced by researchers available requires collecting and organising the data, assigning meaningful metadata, and presenting the data in a meaningful and homogeneous way. The BASECOL database, which collects inelastic rate coefficients for application to the interstellar medium and to circumstellar and cometary atmospheres, meets those requirements. Aims. We aim to present the scientific content of the BASECOL2023 edition. Methods. While the previous versions relied on finding rate coefficients in the literature, the current version is populated with published results sent by the producers of data. The paper presents the database, the type of data that can be found, the type of metadata that are used, and the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) standards that are used for the metadata. Finally, we present the different datasets species by species. Results. As the BASECOL database, interconnected with the VAMDC e-infrastructure, uses the VAMDC standards, the collisional data can be extracted with tools using VAMDC standards and can be associated with spectroscopic data extracted from other VAMDC connected databases such as the Cologne database for molecular spectroscopy (CDMS), the jet propulsion laboratory molecular spectroscopy database (JPL), and the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN).
Beeswax And Palmitic Acid Utilization With Heat Pipes For Electronics Cooling
- Paweł Szymański
- Radosław Paluch
2024 ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
This paper presents an experimental study of heat pipes supported by phase change materials (PCMs) coated at their adiabatic sections in application for electronics cooling. The PCMs investigated in this research were palmitic acid and beeswax, the latter being considered as a more cost-effective alternative. The study focused on three powers: 20W, 25W, and 30W. The experimental results revealed that the incorporation of palmitic acid as a PCM led to a reduction in component’s maximum temperature by 13.3%, 12.6%, and 11.8% for the respective powers. Utilization of beeswax resulted in temperature reductions of 5%, 5.2%, and 8.4%. Notably, for higher heat flux conditions, the influence of beeswax on temperature control was comparable to that of palmitic acid. Furthermore, beeswax demonstrated a significantly higher capability to mitigate temperature decrease during cooldown, serving as a superior measure against overcooling. Moreover, during the thermal cycling scenario considered in this study, beeswax reduced the peak-valley temperature by 25%, while palmitic acid achieved a reduction of 14.6%. These findings suggest that beeswax has the potential to serve as an alternative to traditional organic PCMs in electronics cooling applications that utilize heat pipes.
Bell-Type Inequalities from the Perspective of Non-Newtonian Calculus
- Michał Piotr Piłat
2024 Pełny tekst Foundations of Science
A class of quantum probabilities is reformulated in terms of non-Newtonian calculus and projective arithmetic. The model generalizes spin-1/2 singlet state probabilities discussed in Czachor (Acta Physica Polonica:139 70–83, 2021) to arbitrary spins s. For s → ∞ the formalism reduces to ordinary arithmetic and calculus. Accordingly, the limit “non-Newtonian to Newtonian” becomes analogous to the classical limit of a quantum theory
Bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment: Current status, research progress, and future prospects
- Xingyang Li
- Jiming Su
- Hui Wang
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Jürgen Mahlknecht
- Shiva Singh
- Chongqing Wang
2024 Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
Wastewater treatment is an important topic for improving water quality and environmental protection, and artificial intelligence has become a powerful tool for wastewater treatment. This work provides research progress and a literature review of artificial intelligence applied to wastewater treatment based on the visualization of bibliometric tools. A total of 3460 publications from 2000 to 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The literature was analyzed from various aspects such as publications, journals, and authors. There are collaboration relationships among various countries, institutes, and authors. Keywords were analyzed in three directions “artificial intelligence”, “wastewater treatment technology”, and “pollutant types”. Hot keywords were identified, including “support vector machine”, “random forests”, “membrane bioreactor”, “photocatalytic degradation”, and “antibiotics”. Significant advancements were obtained in intelligent water quality monitoring, innovative material development, and energy cost optimization. Machine learning algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory, demonstrated remarkable capabilities in predicting process parameters, enhancing material performance, and optimizing energy utilization in wastewater treatment plants. Artificial intelligence applied to wastewater treatment is still in its primary stage, and with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, significant technical innovation in wastewater treatment can be anticipated in the near future.
Bi-GRU-APSO: Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit with Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Sales Forecasting in Multi-Channel Retail
- Aruna Mogarala Guruvaya
- Archana Kollu
- Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari
- Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
- Hirald Dwaraka Praveena
2024 Telecom
In the present scenario, retail sales forecasting has a great significance in E-commerce companies. The precise retail sales forecasting enhances the business decision making, storage management, and product sales. Inaccurate retail sales forecasting can decrease customer satisfaction, inventory shortages, product backlog, and unsatisfied customer demands. In order to obtain a better retail sales forecasting, deep learning models are preferred. In this manuscript, an effective Bi-GRU is proposed for accurate sales forecasting related to E-commerce companies. Initially, retail sales data are acquired from two benchmark online datasets: Rossmann dataset and Walmart dataset. From the acquired datasets, the unreliable samples are eliminated by interpolating missing data, outlier’s removal, normalization, and de-normalization. Then, feature engineering is carried out by implementing the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) technique, and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) technique. Followed by that, the optimized active features from feature engineering are given to the Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) model for precise retail sales forecasting. From the result analysis, it is seen that the proposed Bi-GRU model achieves higher results in terms of an R2 value of 0.98 and 0.99, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.05 and 0.07, and a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.04 and 0.03 on the Rossmann and Walmart datasets. The proposed method supports the retail sales forecasting by achieving superior results over the conventional models.
Bile conjugation and its effect on in vitro lipolysis of emulsions
- Natalia Łozińska
- Julia Maldonado-Valderrama
- Teresa Del Castillo Santaella
- Yanija Zhou
- Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
- Yuanqi Lu
- Christian Jungnickel
2024 FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
Bile Salts (BS) are responsible for stimulating lipid digestion in our organism. Gut microbiota are responsible for the deconjugation process of primary conjugated to secondary unconjugated BS. We use two structurally distinct BS and characterize the rate of lipolysis as a compound parameter. A static in-vitro digestion model as well as meta-analysis of literature data has been performed to determine the most influential factors affecting the lipid digestion process. The results demonstrate that lipolysis of emulsions using conjugated BS (NaTC, FFA = 60.0 %, CMC in SIF = 5.58 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.21, rate of adsorption = -0.057 mN/m.s) enhances the release of FFA compared to deconjugated BS (NaDC, FFA = 49.5 %, CMC in SIF = 2.49 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.16 rate of adsorption = -0.064 mN/m.s). These results indicate that conjugation plays an important role in controlling the rate of lipolysis in our organism which can be in turn, tuned by the microflora composition of our gut, ultimately controlling the rate of deconjugation of the BS.
Bimodal deep learning model for subjectively enhanced emotion classification in films
- Dawid Weber
- Bożena Kostek
2024 INFORMATION SCIENCES
This research delves into the concept of color grading in film, focusing on how color influences the emotional response of the audience. The study commenced by recalling state-of-the-art works that process audio-video signals and associated emotions by machine learning. Then, assumptions of subjective tests for refining and validating an emotion model for assigning specific emotional labels to selected film excerpts were presented. The insights gained from these subjective evaluations facilitated the creation of a comprehensive database of movie excerpts. This database was subsequently employed to both train and evaluate the efficacy of deep learning models. The latter half of the study shifts focus to the intelligent analysis of audio and video signals that form film excerpts. This involved exploring diverse methodologies for parameterizing these signals. Models that demonstrated the highest accuracy on the test dataset on audio/video only were amalgamated to forge a bimodal model, which integrates both audio and video signals for emotion classification. The bimodal model exhibited superior accuracy in tests compared to a model that solely relied on video signal classification. This enhancement in performance was achieved with only a marginal increase in the complexity and the number of parameters within the model.
Bioactivation of Konjac Glucomannan Films by Tannic Acid and Gluconolactone Addition
- Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
- Lidia Zasada
- Ugo D’Amora
- Anna Pałubicka
- Anna Michno
- Anna Ronowska
- Marcin Wekwejt
2024 ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Wound healing is a dynamic process that requires an optimal extracellular environment, as well as an accurate synchronization between various cell types. Over the past few years, great efforts have been devoted to developing novel approaches for treating and managing burn injuries, sepsis, and chronic or accidental skin injuries. Multifunctional smart-polymer-based dressings represent a promising approach to support natural healing and address several problems plaguing partially healed injuries, including severe inflammation, scarring, and wound infection. Naturally derived compounds offer unique advantages such as minimal toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and outstanding biocompatibility along with potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Herein, the main driving idea of the work was the design and development of konjac glucomannan d-glucono-1,5-lactone (KG) films bioactivated by tannic acid and d-glucono-1,5-lactone (GL) addition. Our analysis, using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, atomic force microscopy, and surface energy measurements demonstrated that tannic acid (TA) clearly interacted with the KG matrix, acting as its cross-linker, whereas GL was embedded within the polymer structure. All developed films maintained a moist environment, which represents a pivotal property for wound dressing. Hemocompatibility experiments showed that all tested films exhibited no hemolytic impact on human erythrocytes. Moreover, the presence of TA and GL enhanced the metabolic and energetic activity in human dermal fibroblasts, as indicated by the MTT assay, showing results exceeding 150%. Finally, all films demonstrated high antibacterial properties as they significantly reduced the multiplication rate of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in bacterial broth and created the inhibition zones for S. aureus in agar plates. These remarkable outcomes make the KG/TA/GL film promising candidates for wound healing applications.
Bioactive and biodegradable cotton fabrics produced via synergic effect of plant extracts and essential oils in chitosan coating system
- Bolesław Szadkowski
- Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska
- Anna Marzec
2024 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports
Functional antibacterial textile materials are in great demand in the medical sector. In this paper, we propose a facile, eco-friendly approach to the design of antibacterial biodegradable cotton fabrics. Cotton fiber fabrics were enhanced with a chitosan coating loaded with plant extracts and essential oils. We employed Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to characterize the color, structure, and thermal properties of the modified fabrics. The fabrics were found to effectively induce growth inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially when a synergic system of aloe vera extract and cinnamon essential oil was applied in the coating formulation. Additionally, we observed significant color and weight changes after 5, 10, and 20 days in soil biodegradability tests. Given the straightforward modification process and the use of non-toxic natural materials, these innovative bio-based and biodegradable cotton fabrics show great promise as protective antimicrobial textiles for healthcare applications.
Biobased Ultralow-Density Polyurethane Foams with Enhanced Recyclability
- Olga Gotkiewicz
- Mikelis Kirpluks
- Zuzanna Walterova
- Olga Kockova
- Sabina Abbrent
- Paulina Parcheta-Szwindowska
- Ugis Cabulis
- Hynek Benes
2024 Pełny tekst ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
Polyurethane (PUR) foams are widely used in many engineering applications, but their efficient recycling has remained a major challenge for many years. This study presents a novel strategy of incorporating hydrolyzable ester units into the PUR structure to enhance PUR foam recyclability. The present ecodesign concept of PUR materials enables fully the replacement of petrochemical polyols with biobased alternatives and production of ultralow-density (16 kg·m−3) PUR foams. To each this target, a series of low-function polyols based on succinic acid (SA) were first synthesized. Their subsequent use in combination with a highfunctional biobased tall oil-derived polyol led to the production of highly homogenous semirigid, partly open-cell PUR foams with outstanding structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Additionally, the study shows that the incorporation of SA-polyols with hydrolyzable ester linkages into the PUR foams significantly enhances their recyclability via glycolysis, proving their potential in contributing to a circular economy and addressing plastic waste concerns.
Biocatalytic Functionalities of Lignin Peroxidase‑Based Systems in Lignin Depolymerization and Pollutants Removal from Environmental Matrices
- Muhammad Bilal
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2024 Pełny tekst Current Pollution Reports
Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized and highlighted recent developments in the use of lignin peroxidase (LiP) to remove a variety of pollutants from water matrices. The high redox potential of LiP is underlined by its excellent catalytic functionalities in the elimination of pharmaceuticals, phenolics, dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and other miscellaneous pollutants. LiP-based computational frameworks for theoretical bioremediation of multiple pollutants have also been discussed, which have prompted a rise in scientific interest. Recent Findings According to current studies, both free and immobilized LiPs are biocatalysts capable of efficient pollutant degradation and LMW transformation. Some immobilized LiP preparations demonstrated excellent recyclability, enabling its reusability in multiple catalytic cycles. Additionally, computational degradability makes it easier to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Summary The capacity of LiP to cleave C–C and C–O–C bonds has led to its widespread application as a biocatalyst. Its outstanding potential to catalyze oxidative cleavage has been effectively used in the remediation of pollutants without needing mediators. Nevertheless, we brought attention to the current LiP system in pollutants remediation and computational framework, which has generated a significant rise in scientific interest.
Biocatalytic Functionalities of Lignin Peroxidase-Based Systems in Lignin Depolymerization and Pollutants Removal from Environmental Matrices
- Anil Kumar Singh
- Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Jens Ejbye Schmidt
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Muhammad Bilal
2024 Pełny tekst Current Pollution Reports
Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized and highlighted recent developments in the use of lignin peroxidase (LiP) to remove a variety of pollutants from water matrices. The high redox potential of LiP is underlined by its excellent catalytic functionalities in the elimination of pharmaceuticals, phenolics, dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and other miscellaneous pollutants. LiP-based computational frameworks for theoretical bioremediation of multiple pollutants have also been discussed, which have prompted a rise in scientific interest. Recent Findings According to current studies, both free and immobilized LiPs are biocatalysts capable of efficient pollutant degradation and LMW transformation. Some immobilized LiP preparations demonstrated excellent recyclability, enabling its reusability in multiple catalytic cycles. Additionally, computational degradability makes it easier to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Summary The capacity of LiP to cleave C–C and C–O–C bonds has led to its widespread application as a biocatalyst. Its outstanding potential to catalyze oxidative cleavage has been effectively used in the remediation of pollutants without needing mediators. Nevertheless, we brought attention to the current LiP system in pollutants remediation and computational framework, which has generated a significant rise in scientific interest.
Biocementacja – ekologiczna alternatywa dla stabilizacji gruntów.
- Artur Tadeusz Ciechanowicz
- Witold Tisler
- Katarzyna Jankowska
2024 Pełny tekst Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika
Przedstawienie badań wytrzymałości na ścinanie dla gruntu niespoistego stabilizowanego bio-cementacją bakteryjną. Omówienie charakterystyki drobnoustrojów wraz z podziałem badań na dwie części: mikrobiologiczną oraz geotechniczną. Potwierdzenie możliwości wykorzystania cementacji bakteryjnej jako alternatywnej metody stabilizacji podłoża gruntowego.
Biological and antibacterial properties of chitosan-based coatings with AgNPs and CuNPs obtained on oxidized Ti13Zr13Nb titanium alloy
- Michał Bartmański
- Anna Ronowska
- Szymon Mania
- Adrianna Banach-Kopeć
- Justyna Kozłowska
2024 MATERIALS LETTERS
Despite numerous studies, the antibacterial efficiency and cytotoxicity of chitosan-based coatings with nanometals need further studies. The purpose of this research was to determine the biological properties of chitosan coatings implemented with either silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), that were electrophoretically deposited on electrochemically oxidized Ti13Zr13Nb alloy. The SEM tests were used to examine the surface uniformity. The biological tests against human osteoblast cells hFOB 1.19 and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria were performed. The release of Cu2+ from coating dependent on the pH of medium. The highest was at pH 3.0 and it achieved 47.73 mg/ml. No cytotoxic effects of the chitosan-AgNPs coatings were observed in direct and indirect contact studies, as there was 20 % inhibition of cell growth but no LDH release which indicate the cell breakdown. Antibacterial properties were proven for all modifications, but this effect was stronger for coatings with implemented AgNPs (log degree of bacteria number reduction >3.75 for E. coli and S. aureus).
Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
- Zohaib Saddique
- Muhammad Imran
- Ayesha Javaid
- Farah Kanwal
- Shoomaila Latif
- José Eudes L. Santos
- Tak H. Kim
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
The rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore. There is an urgent need to develop alternative greener energy sources that are sustainable and have minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is one such alternative energy source of attention. Harvesting sunlight through the use of solar panels is already being employed at domestic and commercial levels. Photocatalytic water splitting, which aims to produce hydrogen by utilizing unlimited sources including water and sunlight, is another potential process for alternative energy production. The conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen through sunlight is an innovative process that directly converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen via photocatalytic water splitting. Numerous photocatalytic materials are available for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but bismuth-based materials are the most suitable as they are non-toxic, economical, opto-electronically active, have suitable band positions for photocatalysis, and exhibit excellent photo-stability. To provide summary of latest research in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, a comprehensive review is favorable to suggest future research directions aimed at discovering solutions to current challenges. This review emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources and the competitiveness of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. The mechanism and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic water splitting have been discussed, along with the properties of an ideal photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a special focus on the bismuth-based photocatalysts. The optimization of synthetic and photocatalytic processes is crucial for commercial use with much improved hydrogen production in terms of cost and quantity without harming environment at any stage. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives have been presented for upcoming research in this domain.
Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
- Zohaib Saddique
- Muhammad Imran
- Ayesha Javaid
- Farah Kanwal
- Shoomaila Latif
- José Eudes L. Santos
- Tak H. Kim
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
The rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore. There is an urgent need to develop alternative greener energy sources that are sustainable and have minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is one such alternative energy source of attention. Harvesting sunlight through the use of solar panels is already being employed at domestic and commercial levels. Photocatalytic water splitting, which aims to produce hydrogen by utilizing unlimited sources including water and sunlight, is another potential process for alternative energy production. The conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen through sunlight is an innovative process that directly converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen via photocatalytic water splitting. Numerous photocatalytic materials are available for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but bismuth-based materials are the most suitable as they are non-toxic, economical, opto-electronically active, have suitable band positions for photocatalysis, and exhibit excellent photo-stability. To provide summary of latest research in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, a comprehensive review is favorable to suggest future research directions aimed at discovering solutions to current challenges. This review emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources and the competitiveness of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. The mechanism and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic water splitting have been discussed, along with the properties of an ideal photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a special focus on the bismuth-based photocatalysts. The optimization of synthetic and photocatalytic processes is crucial for commercial use with much improved hydrogen production in terms of cost and quantity without harming environment at any stage. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives have been presented for upcoming research in this domain.
Bisphenol A analogues and metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
- Joanna Majewska
- Andrzej Berg
- Joanna Jurewicz
- Katarzyna Owczarek
- Radosław Zajdel
- Anna Kilanowicz
- Andrzej Wasik
- Dominik Rachoń
2024 Pełny tekst REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
Bisphenols (BPs) have become a chemical group of special interest due to their ability to interfere with the endocrine system and their ubiquitous presence in the environment. As some of them possess mild estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects, they might be associated with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Acting on multiple tissues, BPs exposure may lead to metabolic derangements characteristic for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the potential relationship between exposure to some BPA analogues and features of the MetS in women with PCOS. Serum BPE, BPC, BPG, BPM, BPP, BPZ, BPFL, and BPBP concentrations did not differ significantly between the PCOS (n = 135) and the control subjects (n = 104). However, women whose serum BPM and BPP concentrations were in the highest tertile were more likely to be diagnosed with PCOS (adjusted OR; [95%CI] 0.43; [0.20; 0.89], P < 0.001 and 0.56; [0.27; 0.96], P = 0.049, consequently). Serum concentrations of BPs were not associated with the MetS diagnosis in the PCOS group. There was a negative correlation between the concentrations of serum BPBP and total serum cholesterol (r = – 0.153; P = 0.019), BPE and serum testosterone (r = – 0.160; P = 0.014) as well as BPC and HDL-cholesterol (r = – 0.138; P = 0.036). There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of BPP and serum triglycerides (r = 0.138; P = 0.036). Our results point to the potential association between exposure to BPM, BPP, and the diagnosis of PCOS, along with the impact of BPBP, BPE, BPC, and BPP on the metabolic features of the MetS.