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  • Analysis of the influence of geometrical imperfections on the equivalent load stabilizing roof truss with lateral bracing system
    • Marcin Krajewski
    2024 Pełny tekst Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

    The paper is focused on the numerical analysis of the stability and load bearing capacity of a flat steel truss. The structure was supported by elastic lateral braces. The translational and rotational brace stiffness was taken into account. The linear buckling analysis were performed for the beam and shell model of the truss. The nonlinear static analysis were conducted for the structure initial geometric imperfections. As a result the buckling load and the limit load depended on brace stiffness was obtained. The reactions in elastic braces were compared to the stabilizing forces calculated on the basis of actual code requirements.

  • Analysis of the relationship between cutting forces and local structural properties of Scots pine wood aided by computed tomography
    • Yunbo Huang
    • Daniel Chuchała
    • Dietrich Buck
    • Kazimierz Orłowski
    • Magnus Fredriksson
    • Mikael Svensson
    2024 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

    X-ray computed tomography (CT) is utilised in some sawmills today, primarily for enhancing value yield and for process automation, which includes log sorting and sawing optimisation. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of recent research utilising CT to assess the local cutting process. As a preliminary study, this paper addresses this gap by using CT to investigate the connections between local cutting force and local wood properties including density, knots, and annual ring width. Workpieces of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), from Sweden and Poland, were CT-scanned in laboratory conditions. Quasi-linear cutting tests were then performed on both clear and knotty regions of the workpieces using a custom-made laboratory stand with a Stellite-tipped tooth mounted on piezoelectric sensors. It was found that density infuences cutting forces for both clear and knotty wood, and this efect increased noticeably with increasing uncut chip thickness. Changes in wood density, such as between sapwood and heartwood or between clear wood and knot, caused dynamic changes in cutting forces and temporary disturbances to the stability of the system. Normalisation of cutting forces by local density allowed the conclusion that density is not the only property afecting cutting forces. Other structural properties, e.g. annual ring width and latewood–earlywood proportion may afect the cutting process as well, which requires deeper analysis in the future research. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of coupling CT data with cutting force measurements and suggests further research on the relationship between cutting force and wood properties.

  • Analytical progress on emerging pollutants in the environment: An overview of the topics
    • Jezrzy Falandysz
    • Guorui Liu
    • Małgorzata Rutkowska
    2024 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    This overview discusses the ideas behind a collection of articles by invited authors on a diverse range of complex chemical mixtures and analytical methods which represent some of the most relevant and interesting issues on emerging contaminants of environmental health concerns. These chemicals, including those in high volume production, are released on an ongoing basis as a result of various human activities. Moreover, these emerging contaminants are highly toxic to humans and ubiquitous in the environment. The terms “environmental pollution" and “food web contaminant" became widely known from the first decades of the XX century and as a historical background, they have an early link to the agricultural use of mercury fungicides and DDT. Surprisingly for chemists and society, the 1960s saw the emergence of the global problem of environmental and food contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The environmental science paradigm has lost none of its importance in the meantime, although it has evolved to encompass a vast number of environmentally hazardous chemicals, many of which are termed as “emerging". To put it simply, air-water-soil/sediment are the first compartments affected and become reservoirs or sinks for environmental pollutants, the next is the food web, topped by the top animal predators and humans. Understanding the occurrence, environmental fate and biotoxicity of emerging contaminants is of interest to many areas of science.

  • Analyzing the relationship between sound, color, and emotion based on subjective and machine-learning approaches
    • Jelizaveta Kurilčik
    • Mateusz Połom
    • Marcin Jankowski
    • Olga Kozłowska
    • Aleksandra Łabich
    • Edyta Skiba
    • Patryk Spierewka
    • Paweł Śliwiński
    • Bożena Kostek
    2024 Pełny tekst

    The aim of the research is to analyze the relationship between sound, color, and emotion. For this purpose, a survey application was prepared, enabling the assignment of a color to a given speaker’s/singer’s voice recordings. Subjective tests were then conducted, enabling the respondents to assign colors to voice/singing samples. In addition, a database of voice/singing recordings of people speaking in a natural way and with expressed emotion was prepared, where discrete colors were assigned in subjective tests. These data were used in a machine-learning approach that consisted in searching for the relationship between sound, color, and emotion. Analyses based on correlational analysis and learning algorithms were performed. It occurred that assigning values of naturally sounding and emotionally charged speech/singing parameters to colors (and their parameters) did not enable finding a correlation between the given voice, emotions, and color features. The machine learning model achieved high accuracy in the relation between the generated colors and the colors corresponding to the emotions in the literature and questionnaire results.

  • Angels drawing a picture JAPAN | INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION
    • Agnieszka Kurkowska
    • Paulina Duch-Żebrowska
    • Marta Koperska-Kośmicka
    2024

    Polskie dziedzictwo reprezentowane w pracach młodych uczestników z Polski dzięki powołaniu RWYC Poland i aktywnej działalności na polu edukacji powszechnej. Konkursy realizowane były jesienią 2023 roku w ramach międzynarodowego projektu pod auspicjami UNESCO – Reconnecting WIth Your Culture POLAND. W Japonii odbyły się 4 wystawy z udziałem prac uczestników z całego świata, w tym wybranych przez RWYC Poland. Lokalizacje wystaw japońskich: 2023 rok: Machida City Museum of Graphic Arts w Tokyo, 2024 rok: Koganei Miyajigakki Hole Citizens Gallery w Tokyo, Mitaka City Arts Centerw Tokyo, Sapporo Citizens Gallery w Sapporo. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxn_TRmLxJw

  • angielski
    • Magda Dettlaff
    • Magdalena Lemańska
    • Adriana Roux
    2024 Pełny tekst Australasian Journal of Combinatorics

    A subset D of V (G) is a dominating set of a graph G if every vertex of V (G) − D has at least one neighbour in D; let the domination number γ(G) be the minimum cardinality among all dominating sets in G. We say that a graph G is γ-q-critical if subdividing any q edges results in a graph with domination number greater than γ(G) and there exists a set of q − 1 edges such that subdividing these edges results in a graph with domination number γ(G). In this paper we consider mainly γ-qcritical trees and give some general properties of γ-q-critical graphs; in particular, we characterize those trees T that are γ-(n(T) − 1)-critical. We also characterize γ-2-critical trees T with sd(T) = 2 and γ-3-critical trees T with sd(T) = 3, where the domination subdivision number sd(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of edges which must be subdivided (where each edge can be subdivided at most once) to construct a graph with domination number greater than γ(G).

  • Angiopoietin-like growth factor-derived peptides as biological activators of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
    • Adriana Schumacher
    • Piotr Mucha
    • Izabela Puchalska
    • Milena Deptula
    • Anna Wardowska
    • Agata Tymińska
    • Natalia Filipowicz
    • Alina Mieczkowska
    • Paweł Sachadyn
    • Arkadiusz Piotrowski
    • Michał Pikuła
    • Miroslawa Cichorek
    2024 Pełny tekst BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

    Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) are an essential issue in modern medicine. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, including AD-MSCs, have specific properties (ability to differentiate into other cells, recruitment to the site of injury) of particular importance in the regenerative process. Ongoing research aims to elucidate factors supporting AD-MSC culture and differentiation in vitro. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs), known for their pleiotropic effects in lipid and glucose metabolism, may play a significant role in this context. Regeneration is a complex and dynamic process controlled by many factors. ANGPTL6 (Angiopoietin-related growth factor, AGF), among many activities modulated the biological activity of stem cells. This study examined the influence of synthesized AGF-derived peptides, designated as AGF9 and AGF27, on AD-MSCs. AGF9 and AGF27 enhanced the viability and migration of AD-MSCs and acted as a chemotactic factor for these cells. AGF9 stimulated chondrogenesis and lipid synthesis during AD-MSCs differentiation, influenced AD-MSCs cytokine secretion and modulated transcriptome for such basic cell activities as migration, transport of molecules, and apoptosis. The ability of AGF9 to modulate the biological activity of AD-MSCs warrants the consideration of this peptide a noteworthy therapeutic agent that deserves further investigation for applications in regenerative medicine.

  • Anisotropy and compaction gradient assessment on rammed earth specimens through sonic tomography approach
    • J.d. Rodríguez-Mariscal
    • Monika Zielińska
    • Magdalena Rucka
    • M. Solís
    2024 Pełny tekst ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    Rammed earth is a traditional construction technique that has recently gained attention because of its benefits from an ecological perspective. The conservation of the existing valuable cultural heritage sites and the quality control of new constructions built with this material require the development and application of practical inspection techniques. This paper explores the application of sonic tests and sonic tomography as practical tools for monitoring the state of conservation of existing structures and the identification of heterogeneities or damaged areas. Two groups of 6 rammed earth specimens were manufactured and tested. The manufacturing process of each group allowed the application of compression loads and the identification of the Sonic Wave Propagation Velocities along directions parallel and perpendicular to the compaction forces during manufacturing. The SWPV were identified for the different paths between 9 measuring points located at two opposite sides of the specimens, leading to up to 6 different planes for each specimen. The SWPV are identified by identifying the Time-of-Flight of the elastic wave between each pair of excitation and receiver points. A discretized coloured map of the SWPV distribution for each plane defined by the measurement points array is obtained by the application of an algorithm already developed by the authors to obtain tomographic images for other materials and applications. The SWPV are identified after 2 different increasing values of a uniform compressive load is applied to each specimen. The results show that the analysis of the SWPV and tomographic images is sensitive to heterogeneities, such as compaction gradients from the manufacturing process, and also to the accumulated damage in the solid. The paper demonstrates that the proposed technique can be potentially used for a qualitative inspection of the state of conservation of specific rammed earth constructions.

  • Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Battery
    • Magdalena Graczyk-Zajac
    • Alexander Kempf
    • Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
    2024

    There is an urgent need to develop a highly efficient, low-cost alternative to the now-ubiquitous lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). A cheaper and less resource-critical sodium-ion battery (NIB) technology has recently gained much attention. Thus, there is also continuous research ongoing on stable, high-capacity anode materials for NIBs. Dependent on the mechanism of the electrochemical reaction, the negative electrode materials can be classified into three groups: insertion-based electrodes, alloy-based materials and conversion-type materials. Insertion compounds include soft and hard carbons as well as titanium-based oxides. The alloy-forming materials are represented by individual elements from group 14 and group 15, with Sn, Sb and P being the most prominent examples. The reaction within conversion-type materials involves the formation of new phases during sodiation that are usually structurally very different from the starting material. Transition metal oxides (Fe, Cu, and Ni) have been considered in this context due to their intrinsic stability and relative abundancy. The huge interest in the 2D materials gave rise to the layered chalcogenides, graphene, phosphorene and MX-enes as potential negative electrodes for NIBs. These classes of compounds will be described in this chapter considering their composition, structure, electrochemical performance, sustainability and cost.

  • Anomaly Detection in Railway Sensor Data Environments: State-of-the-Art Methods and Empirical Performance Evaluation
    • Michał Bałdyga
    • Kacper Barański
    • Jakub Belter
    • Mateusz Kalinowski
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2024 Pełny tekst SENSORS

    To date, significant progress has been made in the field of railway anomaly detection using technologies such as real-time data analytics, the Internet of Things, and machine learning. As technology continues to evolve, the ability to detect and respond to anomalies in railway systems is once again in the spotlight. However, railway anomaly detection faces challenges related to the vast infrastructure, dynamic conditions, aging infrastructure, and adverse environmental conditions on the one hand, and the scale, complexity, and critical safety implications of railway systems on the other. Our study is underpinned by the three objectives. Specifically, we aim to identify time series anomaly detection methods applied to railway sensor device data, recognize the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and evaluate their effectiveness. To address the research objectives, the first part of the study involved a systematic literature review and a series of controlled experiments. In the case of the former, we adopted well-established guidelines to structure and visualize the review. In the second part, we investigated the effectiveness of selected machine learning methods. To evaluate the predictive performance of each method, a five-fold cross-validation approach was applied to ensure the highest accuracy and generality. Based on the calculated accuracy, the results show that the top three methods are CatBoost (96%), Random Forest (91%), and XGBoost (90%), whereas the lowest accuracy is observed for One-Class Support Vector Machines (48%), Local Outlier Factor (53%), and Isolation Forest (55%). As the industry moves toward a zero-defect paradigm on a global scale, ongoing research efforts are focused on improving existing methods and developing new ones that contribute to the safety and quality of rail transportation. In this sense, there are at least four avenues for future research worth considering: testing richer data sets, hyperparameter optimization, and implementing other methods not included in the current study.

  • Antenna Optimization Using Machine Learning with Reduced-Dimensionality Surrogates
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Leifur Leifsson
    2024 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    In modern times, antenna design has become more demanding than ever. The escalating requirements for performance and functionality drive the development of intricately structured antennas, where parameters must be meticulously adjusted to achieve peak performance. Often, global adjustments to geometry are necessary for optimal results. However, direct manipulation of antenna responses evaluated with full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models using conventional nature-inspired methods entails significant computational costs. Alternatively, surrogate-based techniques show promise but are impeded by dimensionality-related challenges and nonlinearity of antenna outputs. This study introduces an innovative technique for swiftly optimizing antennas. It leverages a machine learning framework with an infill criterion employing predicted enhancement of the merit function, utilizing a particle swarm optimizer as the primary search engine, and employs kriging for constructing the underlying surrogate model. The surrogate model operates within a reduced-dimensionality domain, guided by directions corresponding to maximum antenna response variability identified through fast global sensitivity analysis, tailored explicitly for domain determination. Operating within this reduced domain enables building dependable metamodels at a significantly lower computational cost. To address accuracy loss resulting from dimensionality reduction, the global optimization phase is supplemented by local sensitivity-based parameter adjustment. Extensive comparative experiments involving various planar antennas demonstrate the competitive operation of the presented technique over machine learning algorithms operating in full-dimensionality space and direct EM-driven bio-inspired optimization techniques.

  • Anticancer Study on IrIII and RhIII Half-Sandwich Complexes with the Bipyridylsulfonamide Ligand
    • Mateusz Kowalik
    • Joanna Masternak
    • Mateusz Olszewski
    • Natalia Maciejewska
    • Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
    • Jerzy Sitkowski
    • Aleksandra Dąbrowska
    • Agnieszka Chylewska
    • Mariusz Makowski
    2024 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    Two non-platinum compounds, organometallic half-sandwich complexes [(η 5 -Cp)IrCl(L)]PF 6 (1) and [(η 5 -Cp)RhCl(L)]PF 6 (2) were prepared by treating pentamethylcyclopentadienyl chloride dimers of iridium(III) or rhodium(III) with the obtained 4-amino-N-(2,2'-bipyridin-5- yl)benzenesulfonamide ligand (L) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate. The crystal structures of ligand (L) and complexes 1 and 2 were obtained and then analyzed. Coordination reactions of the bipyridylsufonamide ligand (L) to the central ions were confirmed by UV- Vis, FT-IR, NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, and 15 N) spectroscopies, and stability study. Moreover, the interactions between the sulfaligand, Ir(III) and Rh(III) complexes with carbonic anhydrase (CA), human serum albumin (HSA) and also with CT-DNA have been investigated. Additionally, the reactivity of complexes toward GSH and NADH has been spectrophotometrically tested. A low affinity of complex 2 to GSH seems to be beneficial regarding its potential cytotoxic activity. The obtained compounds were then evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines from different origins: non-small cell lung cancer A549, colon cancer HCT-116, breast cancer MCF7, lymphoblastic leukemia Nalm-6, and a nonmalignant human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293. It has been observed that the iridium(III) complex (1) was found to exhibit a lack of antiproliferative properties against the tested cancer cell lines. The sulfonamide ligand (L) and the rhodium(III) complex (2) were studied in detail for colon cancer HCT-116 cell line, and the detailed biological analysis was reported and discussed.

  • Applicability of edible Candelilla wax composite blended with Bryophyllumpinnatum extract to prolong shelf life of fruits/vegetables
    • Amber Fatima
    • Fatima Tahir
    • Ayesha Mohyuddin
    • Tabassum Munir
    • Sohail Nadeem
    • Mohsin Javed
    • Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
    • Hui Hwang Goh
    • Hussein Al-Hazmi
    • Faissal Aziz
    • Abdelkader Anouzla
    • Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
    2024 Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization

    Candelilla wax (CW) is a natural lipid source that can be used to make biodegradable and edible coatings and films for fruits. However, CW alone does not provide sufficient antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to prevent microbial spoilage and oxidative deterioration of fresh products. This study aims at evaluating the applicability of CW blended with Bryophyllum pinnatum extract (BPE), a plant with medicinal and phytochemical properties, to enhance the shelf life of fruits. CW and BPE were mixed at different ratios and applied as coatings on banana, cucumber, lemon, and apple. The coated fruits were stored at room temperature for several days and evaluated for weight loss (WL), pH, and physical appearance. The results showed that the edible CW coating mixed with B. pinnatum extract could extend the shelf-life of selected fruits by lowering their weight loss (WL), as compared to those without coating (p≤0.05; paired t-test). It was observed that % WL of banana was significantly higher in the control group than in the coated banana (p≤0.05; paired t-test) and that the highest WL (4.5%) was reached on the 4th day. The lowest WL (2.7%) was observed in the banana with edible coating with methanolic extract (ECME) formulation. The coating formed a complex layer that blocked the movement of H2O molecules through the selected fruits, preventing water loss. The smallest pH change was observed in the banana coated with the extract, indicating that the coating was suitable for extending the shell life of banana. Overall, CW enriched with BPE maintained the quality of their products for marketability.

  • Application of 3D scanning and computer simulation techniques to assess the shape accuracy of welded components
    • Marianna Jędrych
    • Damian Gorzkiewicz
    • Mariusz Deja
    • Marek Chodnicki
    2024 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

    While traditional measurement methods prove to be insufficient when facing more complex shapes and intricate challenges, increasingly efficient solutions are emerging in their place. 3D scanners in particular exhibit versatility. They clearly represent a useful tool in many fields with diverse requirements; thus, it is advisable to explore further areas of their potential applications, e.g., in quality control or reverse engineering. During our research, measurements were carried out on 40 welded elements using a caliper and on 11 other elements using the HandySCAN 700 Elite device by Creaform. The research was conducted at different stages of production, between subsequent operations. In addition, in the absence of interoperative nominal dimensions, a welding process simulation was performed in the Simufact Welding software. The simulation results were compared with actual deformations measured using a 3D scanner. The research enabled identification of the causes of excessive deformations and provided the basis for comparing the caliper with a modern laser device. A particular advantage of the scanner was demonstrated for complex issues requiring high flexibility and precise documentation of full geometry. The caliper proved to be more efficient only for quick execution of single, simple measurements at specific places. Incorporating the simulation in the Simufact Welding software into the analysis, allowed for a more precise validation of the planned technology. This solution presents a promising alternative to nominal models, particularly valuable when measurements are conducted between subsequent operations. Further research in this area is also recommended to enhance proposed methodology

  • Application of commercial microwave links (CMLs) attenuation for quantitative estimation of precipitation
    • Magdalena Pasierb
    • Zofia Bałdysz
    • Jan Szturc
    • Grzegorz Nykiel
    • Anna Jurczyk
    • Katarzyna Ośródka
    • Mariusz Figurski
    • Marcin Wojtczak
    • Cezary Wojtkowski
    2024 Pełny tekst METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

    Precipitation estimation models are typically sourced by rain gauges, weather radars and satellite observations. A relatively new technique of precipitation estimation relies on the network of Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) employed for cellular communication networks: the rain-inducted attenuation in the links enables the precipitation estimation. In the paper, it is analysed to what extent the precipitation derived from CML attenuation data is useful in estimation of the precipitation field with the high temporal and spatial resolution required in nowcasting models. Two methods of determination of precipitation along CMLs from attenuation of signal with several frequencies were proposed. Then, in order to generate precipitation field, three approaches for assigning appropriate precipitation values to a specific point or set of pixels along the link are developed and tested. The CML-based estimates are compared with point observations from manual rain gauges and multi-source precipitation fields using daily and half-hourly accumulations. It was found that the CML-based precipitation fields are much worse than radar-derived estimates. At the same time, they had slightly poorer reliability than spatially interpolated telemetric rain gauge data and significantly higher reliability than satellite estimates. Furthermore, the impact of link characteristics, such as length and frequency, on the reliability of CML-based precipitation estimates is analysed.

  • Application of Galvanostatic Non-Linear Impedance Spectroscopy to the Analysis of Metallic Material Degradation
    • Paweł Ślepski
    • Husnu Gerengi
    • Dominika Parasińska
    • Łukasz Gaweł
    2024 Materials

    This study presents a novel application of Non-Linear Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (NLEIS) in galvanostatic mode for the rapid, non-destructive assessment of metal degradation. By using galvanostatic mode instead of traditional potentiostatic methods, polarization-related challenges are mitigated, enabling more accurate and reliable analysis. The technique allows for the determination of corrosion rates (corrosion current) and material susceptibility to oxidation (Tafel coefficient) through a single measurement with a modulated AC perturbation signal. Theoretical assumptions of the method were validated through tests on both a non-linear model system and an experimental system. The proposed research methodology is highly effective for monitoring the condition of metallic materials in various environments, covering both anodic and cathodic processes.

  • Application Of Generative Adversarial Network for Data Augmentation and Multiplication to Automated Cell Segmentation of the Corneal Endothelium
    • Karolina Nurzyńska
    • Krystian Jandy
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Considering the automatic segmentation of the endothelial layer, the available data of the corneal endothelium is still limited to a few datasets, typically containing an average of only about 30 images. To fill this gap, this paper introduces the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to augment and multiply data. By using the ``Alizarine'' dataset, we train a model to generate a new synthetic dataset with over 513k images. A portion of this artificial dataset is then used to train a semantic segmentation model for endothelial layer segmentation and its performance is evaluated showing that in average the mean intersection over union for all datasets is equal to 81\%. In our opinion, the images of the endothelial layer, together with the corresponding masks generated by the GAN, effectively represent the desired data. The obtained results seem optimistic after visual inspection, since the segmentation is very precise.

  • Application of human bile salts for in vitro digestion models
    • Dorota Dulko
    2024 Pełny tekst

    In this study, experimental in vitro models simulating the environment of the human gastrointestinal tract were used to assess the impact of physiological surfactants, such as bile salts, on the kinetics of digestion. Bile salts are biosurfactants synthesised in the liver and secreted together with bile into the small intestine. There are many reports on the role of bile salts in lipolysis, but the knowledge of their influence on other nutrients, such as proteins, is very limited. The experiments I conducted included the comparison of a model system (individual bile salts) with real human bile (containing different concentrations of bile salts, phospholipids, and other substances) during in vitro lipolysis and proteolysis. Human bile samples were obtained in cooperation with a clinical hospital. For the first time, a quantitative analysis of the effects of human bile on the digestion of a model food protein and lipid was performed. Moreover, for the first time, the currently used static in vitro digestion models were validated from the point of view of the physiological role of bile salts in the human digestive tract. In this respect, it has been demonstrated in vitro how the effect of human bile on the proteolysis and lipolysis can be reliably reproduced by applying mixtures of individual bile salt and phospholipids.

  • Application of multicriteria decision analysis to assess the greenness of molecularly imprinted polymers synthesis components
    • Mariusz Marć
    • Katarzyna Pokajewicz
    • Marek Tobiszewski
    2024 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    The study applies multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to rank the components of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesis according to their greenness. The components are taken from papers that are describing synthesis of MIPs for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) sorbents. Functional monomers (n = 14), target/surrogate molecules (n = 10), porogens (n = 8), cross-linking agents (n = 8) and initiators (n = 4) are described with 10 criteria referring to their safety of application, toxicity, environmental persistence and bioaccumulability. The rankings are performed according to three scenarios, with the application of different weights. The ranking results give a specific guide on the selection of green synthesis components for polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as representatives of POPs, by identification of problematic and recommended chemicals. The results are useful in designing MIP synthesis protocols.

  • Application of quartz crystal microbalance and dynamic impedance spectroscopy to the study of copper corrosion inhibitors
    • Dominika Parasińska
    • Hubert Kwiatkowski
    • Paweł Ślepski
    2024 Journal of Materials and Manufacturing

    The study investigates the application of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) techniques to examine the corrosion inhibition of copper by Benzotriazole and Sodium Folate in a 0.1 M NaCl solution. DEIS, an advanced version of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), allows for real-time monitoring of non-stationary electrochemical systems, while EQCM enables the detection of minute mass changes during electrochemical reactions. Through 24-hour chronopotentiometric measurements, the study observed the effects of 5 mM Benzotriazole and 10 mM Sodium Folate on copper corrosion. Results indicated that Benzotriazole significantly enhances corrosion resistance by forming a protective layeron the copper surface, as evidenced by increased impedance and stable mass changes. Conversely, Sodium Folate exhibited a less effective, dynamic interaction with the copper surface. This research highlights the synergistic use of DEIS and EQCM in understanding corrosion mechanisms and inhibitor efficiency, providing insights into optimizing corrosion protection strategies. The findings suggest that whileboth inhibitors improve corrosion resistance, Benzotriazole demonstrates superior performance, underscoring its potential for more effective corrosion control in various industrial applications.