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  • Artificial Neural Network based fatigue life assessment of riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates and optimization of riveted joints parameters
    • Reza Masoudi Nejad
    • Nima Sina
    • Wenchen Ma
    • Wei Song
    • Shun-Peng Zhu
    • Ricardo Branco
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Aboozar Gholami
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE

    The objective of this paper is to provide the fatigue life of riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates and optimization of riveted joints parameters. At first, the fatigue life of the riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates is obtained by experimental tests. Then, an artificial neural network is applied to estimate the fatigue life of riveted lap joints based on the number of lateral and longitudinal holes, punch pressure, gap between the edge of hole and rivet, rivet shank diameter, and rivet shank length. Also, meta heuristic optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the riveting process parameters. Finally, sensitivity analysis is used to obtain the influence of parameters affecting the riveting process on the fatigue life.

  • Asphalt Overlay Enhancement with Fatigue High-Performing Multiaxial Geocomposite
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    • Michał Golos
    2024

    The use of gecomposite incorporating multiaxial geogrid and non-woven fabric of high bitumen retention in asphalt overlays results in the increase of life of the designed pavement structure. Such an approach can offer an opportunity to increase the fatigue life (higher traffic capacity) without the need to increase asphalt overlay thickness or to reduce the thickness of asphalt overlay without reduction of pavement life eventually. This concept results in both economic and environmental benefits. This paper presents the laboratory testing results of the fatigue life of double-layered asphalt specimens with geocomposite used directly in the pavement structure fatigue life calculations. Fatigue testing was performed in the scheme of four-point bending tests (4PB) of large beams in the controlled strain mode – both for reinforced and control specimens. Based on the results obtained, one can conclude that the rated multiaxial geocomposite has a clear and positive effect on asphalt overlay performance and thus has an evident potential to extend the asphalt pavement fatigue life. This paper also presents a slightly modified concept of the Mechanistic-Empirical pavement design method based on fatigue improving factors derived from the laboratory test investigation, allowing reinforcement benefits to be implemented into the design process. Finally, an example of the calculation of reconstructed asphalt pavement with the enhancement of the asphalt overlay reinforced by geocomposite is also presented.

  • Assessing sustainable development goal 7 implementation and its nexus with social, economic and ecological factors in EU countries
    • Marta Kuc-Czarnecka
    • Iwona Markowicz
    • Agnieszka Sompolska-Rzechuła
    • Alina Stundziene
    2024 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

    This research paper delves into the captivating realm of sustainable development, specifically focusing on assessing the degree of implementation of sustainable development goal 7 (SDG7) and its intricate relationship with social, economic and ecological factors within European Union (EU) countries. By comprehensively unravelling the interplay between SDG7 and these multifaceted factors, this study provides invaluable insights into the ongoing sustainable energy revolution within the EU. To verify the research hypotheses, composite indicators (CI) were estimated for SDG7 and selected groups of indicators, employing a methodology grounded in sensitivity analysis. Our findings notably highlight the distinct significance of ecological factors in driving the development of clean energy systems. In contrast, the data did not support our hypothesis, which posited a significant relationship between economic factors and the implementation of SDG7. This evolving perspective underscores the growing recognition of the fundamental role that ecological factors play in shaping our sustainable energy future. Consequently, as we prioritise preserving and conserving our environment, the need to balance economic prosperity with environmental well-being becomes increasingly evident.

  • Assessing the industrialization progress of hydrodynamic cavitation process intensification technology: a review
    • Xun Sun
    • Haozhen Xu
    • Xiaoxu Xuan
    • Sivakumar Manickam
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Benlong Wang
    2024 Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering

    Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely acknowledged as a promising green approach for enhancing various production and waste management processes, such as water treatment, sludge pretreatment, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) pretreatment, emulsification, and food processing. Despite demonstrating superior industrialization potential compared with other emerging technologies such as ultrasound and microwave, the widespread commercial adoption of HC remained limited even after three decades of development. This review aims to assess the current distance from industrialization and promote the advancement of HC by summarizing recent progress in the pilot or full-scale applications, particularly in biodiesel synthesis, water treatment, and the pretreatment of sludge and LCB. Special attention is given to treatment capacity and economic efficiency.

  • Assessment of Alterations in Settlement Patterns of Agricultural Landscape in the Example of Kashubia in Poland
    • Anna Górka
    2024 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    Traditional agricultural landscapes are heavily exposed to change due to their relatively low agricultural productivity. However, they represent cultural values of great importance in maintaining the resilience of the environment and society. Although their cultural potential is important for sustainable development, it is still insufficiently recognized. The article fills this gap by examining old farmstead buildings as a distinguishing element of the agricultural landscape. The study was conducted in Poland in the area of farm settlements in Kashubia. A spatial database and archival maps were used for comparison of the spatial distribution and the number of farmsteads and buildings in 1937 and 2020. The types of settlements in the selected area of research were recorded and classified. The results obtained from the study may support the spatial planning and local management of agricultural areas for the purpose of preserving rural identity and economy.

  • Assessment of baby disposable diapers application for urine collection and determination of phthalate metabolites
    • Marta Glinka
    • Katarzyna Jażdżewska
    • Christina Vakh
    • Izabela Drążkowska
    • Ewa Bagińska
    • Tomasz Majchrzak
    • Michał Młynarczyk
    • Dominik Rachon
    • Andrzej Wasik
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2024 Pełny tekst ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

    The baby disposable diapers were investigated as a sampling material for urine collection and validated for the evaluation of the exposure of children to xenobiotics. Phthalate metabolites detected in urine samples were chosen as proof-of-concept analytes. For the determination of phthalate metabolites in children’s urine samples, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used. Two sampling approaches were compared, namely sterile containers and baby disposable diapers. Thirty urine samples from infants and toddlers were analyzed by both methods in parallel and the results were compared. It was found that for diaper sampling, lower concentrations of the metabolites were observed, however, the general distribution for particular metabolites remains the same for both methods. For most of the metabolites high determination coefficients were obtained, namely 0.9929 for MEHHP, 0.9836 for MMP, 0.9796 for MECPP, and 0.9784 for 2-cx-MMHP. For MEOHP the determination correlation coefficient was 0.9154, while for MBP was – 0.7771 and MEHP was – 0.5228. In general, for diaper sampling an underestimation for 2-cx-MMHP and MEOHP was observed, while for MMP diaper-based approach provides overestimation. However, the proposed procedure confirms the possibility of using baby disposable diapers as a material for the collection of urine samples for biomonitoring purposes and fast screening of phthalates exposure.

  • Assessment of the impact of jet impingement technique on the energy efficiency of air-cooled BIPV/T roof tile
    • Jan Wajs
    • Jakub Łukasik
    2024 Pełny tekst Archives of Thermodynamics

    The paper concerns a numerical analysis of cooling of the hybrid photovoltaic (PV) modules dedicated to Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) systems. Attention was focused on the photovoltaic roof tiles, using a jet impingement technique, in which the intensification of heat transfer is ensured by streams of air hitting the heat exchange partition. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to assess an influence of the distance of the nozzle outlet from the absorber surface on the values of selected thermal-hydraulic performance indicators and the electrical parameters of the roof tile. The results confirmed the high effectiveness of the proposed method. The best effect was obtained for the case in which the relative distance of the nozzle from the partition to the nozzle diameter was equal to 1. For the mentioned configuration, an over 4 times increase in the value of the heat transfer coefficient was obtained in relation to the reference variant of cooling roof tiles. At the same time, the relative increase in the value of the generated electrical power was from 2.9 to 7.8%, depending on the value of the Reynolds number characterising the flow.

  • Assessment Of the Relevance of Best Practices in The Development of Medical R&D Projects Based on Machine Learning
    • Jan Cychnerski
    • Tomasz Dziubich
    2024

    Machine learning has emerged as a fundamental tool for numerous endeavors within health informatics, bioinformatics, and medicine. However, novices among biomedical researchers and IT developers frequently lack the requisite experience to effectively execute a machine learning project, thereby increasing the likelihood of adopting erroneous practices that may result in common pitfalls or overly optimistic predictions. The paper presents an assessment of the significance of best practices in the implementation of R\&D projects supporting the medical diagnostic process. Based on the literature and authors' experiences, 27 good practices influencing three fundamental stages of project implementation were identified. The evaluation was based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, which relies on subjective assessments from experts, whose credibility is expressed through the consensus of assessment. Initially focusing on DevOps methodology, research integration, interdisciplinary information sharing were prioritized over automation. Furthermore, annotation tools and data / model quality control were identified as of significant importance.

  • Assessment of Utilizing Hard-to-Recycle Plastic Waste from the Packaging Sector in Architectural Design—Case Study for Experimental Building Material
    • Jan Cudzik
    • Klaudia Kropisz
    2024 Sustainability

    The environmental impact of plastic waste has become a significant concern worldwide, prompting innovative approaches to address sustainability challenges, particularly within architectural design. This research paper delves into assessing the environmental impact and sustainability implications of using hard-to-recycle plastic packaging waste in architectural design practices. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, challenges, and potential benefits of repurposing hard-to-recycle plastic packaging waste as building materials in an architectural context. The paper presents a compelling case study showcasing innovative architectural projects that have successfully integrated hard-to-recycle plastic waste. It offers recommendations for future research directions and policy interventions to promote the adoption of hard-to-recycle plastics in environmentally conscious architecture, thereby advancing sustainability goals and fostering a circular economy paradigm within the construction industry. The research paper also highlights a specific experiment conducted using hard-to-recycle plastic waste, illustrating the potential for creative solutions in sustainable architectural design. This study provides valuable insights into the environmental impact and feasibility of repurposing hard-to-recycle plastics as building materials, contributing to ongoing efforts to address sustainability challenges.

  • Audytu Krajobrazowego Województwa Pomorskiego Opinia ekspercka dla Karty Krajobrazu Priorytetowego Żuławy: Nowa Cerkiew - Palczewo, symbol obszaru: 22-313.54-36
    • Marta Koperska-Kośmicka
    2024

    Audytu Krajobrazowego Województwa Pomorskiego Opinia ekspercka dla Karty Krajobrazu Priorytetowego Żuławy: Nowa Cerkiew - Palczewo, symbol obszaru: 22-313.54-36

  • Authenticity of cultural heritage vis-à-vis heritage reproducibility and intangibility: from conservation philosophy to practice
    • Elżbieta Nakonieczna
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2024 Pełny tekst International Journal of Cultural Policy

    This article states that the philosophical nature/ambiguity/controversy of the issue of authenticity undermines its usefulness as a tool in conservation practice. The main drawback is the inability to objectively define the notion of authenticity. In conservation philosophy, the meaning of authenticity relativizes along with the widespread consent to the reproducibility of cultural heritage, whereas the recognition of its intangibility negates the sense of authenticity. In the World Heritage (WH) policy and practice, the uselessness/counterproductivity of authenticity as a necessary requirement is visible in the inconsistency of this system in the treatment of the commonly realized reproducibility of cultural heritage, and in relation to heritage with a prevailing intangibility, which is illustrated by the example of Gdańsk as a potential WH site. Although the article provides many arguments for departing from the concept of authenticity in the WH system, authenticity introduces the socially beneficial element of discretion (it cannot be considered binarily), as it forces a discussion that raises cultural awareness in an increasingly homogenized world. Finally, to reduce some inconsistencies in the WH system, this paper recommends restoring autonomy to criterion (vi) in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention.

  • Automated hearing loss type classification based on pure tone audiometry data
    • Michał Kassjański
    • Marcin Kulawiak
    • Tomasz Przewoźny
    • Dmitry Tretiakow
    • Jagoda Kuryłowicz
    • Andrzej Molisz
    • Krzysztof Koźmiński
    • Aleksandra Kwaśniewska
    • Paulina Mierzwińska-Dolny
    • Miłosz Grono
    2024 Scientific Reports

    Hearing problems are commonly diagnosed with the use of tonal audiometry, which measures a patient’s hearing threshold in both air and bone conduction at various frequencies. Results of audiometry tests, usually represented graphically in the form of an audiogram, need to be interpreted by a professional audiologist in order to determine the exact type of hearing loss and administer proper treatment. However, the small number of professionals in the field can severely delay proper diagnosis. The presented work proposes a neural network solution for classification of tonal audiometry data. The solution, based on the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory architecture, has been devised and evaluated for classifying audiometry results into four classes, representing normal hearing, conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, and sensorineural hearing loss. The network was trained using 15,046 test results analysed and categorised by professional audiologists. The proposed model achieves 99.33% classification accuracy on datasets outside of training. In clinical application, the model allows general practitioners to independently classify tonal audiometry results for patient referral. In addition, the proposed solution provides audiologists and otolaryngologists with access to an AI decision support system that has the potential to reduce their burden, improve diagnostic accuracy, and minimise human error.

  • Automated measurement method for assessing thermal-dependent electronic characteristics of thin boron-doped diamond-graphene nanowall structures
    • Michał Rycewicz
    • Mariusz Banasiak
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Stephan Kubowicz
    • Simona Baluchová
    • Bogusława Sobczak
    • Elizaveta Vereshchagina
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2024 MEASUREMENT

    This paper investigates the electrical properties of boron-doped diamond-graphene (B:DG) nanostructures, focusing on their semiconductor characteristics. These nanostructures are synthesized on fused silica glass and Si wafer substrates to compare their behaviour on different surfaces. A specialized measurement system, incorporating Python-automated code, was developed for an in-depth analysis of electronic properties under various contact configurations. This approach allowed for a detailed exploration of charge transport mechanisms within the nanostructures. The research highlights a decrease in resistivity with increased deposition time, as shown by Arrhenius plot analysis. This trend is linked to the formation and evolution of multi-wall graphene structures. SEM images showed nanowall structures formed more readily on amorphous fused silica substrates, enabling unrestricted growth. TOF-SIMS analysis revealed uneven boron atom distribution through the film depth. A significant finding is a reduction in conductive activation energy in samples grown in microwave plasma from 197 meV to 87 meV as deposition time increased from 5 to 25 min. Furthermore, the study identifies a shift in transport mechanisms from variable range hopping (VRH) below 170 K to thermally activated (TA) conduction above 200 K. These insights advance our understanding of the electronic behaviours in B:DG nanostructures and underscore their potential in electronic device engineering, opening new paths for future research and technological developments.

  • Automatic Correction of Non-Anechoic Antenna Measurements Using Complex Morlet Wavelets
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • Vorya Waladi
    2024 Pełny tekst IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

    Real-world performance of antennas is normally tested in anechoic chambers (ACs). Alternatively, experimental validation can be performed in non-anechoic environments and refined in the course of post-processing. Unfortunately, the existing methods are difficult to setup and prone to failure. In this letter, a wavelet-based framework for correction of non-anechoic antenna measurements has been proposed. The method involves automatic centering and adjusting of the wavelet w.r.t. a fraction of the signal that corresponds to line-of-sight transmission within the system under test. Performance of the method has been verified a using two compact antennas and a total of 15 experiments. Benchmarks against the state-of-the-art approaches have also been performed.

  • Autonomous port management based AGV path planning and optimization via an ensemble reinforcement learning framework
    • Xinqiang Chen
    • Shuhao Liu
    • Jiansen Zhao
    • Huafeng Wu
    • Jiangfeng Xian
    • Jakub Montewka
    2024 OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT

    The rapid development of shipping trade pushes automated container terminals toward the direction of intelligence, safety and efficiency. In particular, the formulation of AGV scheduling tasks and the safety and stability of transportation path is an important part of port operation and management, and it is one of the basic tasks to build an intelligent port. Existing research mainly focuses on collaborative operation between port equipment and path optimization under environmental perception, while there is relatively little research on optimization of path smoothness and safety. Therefore, we propose a path optimization model based on the artificial potential field and twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (APF-TD3) framework for the port environment. Firstly, we obtain the scheduling task plan of a single AGV by enumeration. Secondly, according to the artificial potential field (APF) algorithm to generate repulsion for obstacles in the harbor and attraction for container storage at the target point with the position information of the AGV as the input data of the reinforcement learning algorithm is inputted into the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (TD3). Then TD3 selects the optimal action strategy for the AGV according to the input AGV state information and the designed reward mechanism as well as executes the action. Through repeated execution, the optimal action for the next step is selected at each point to generate a path with start and end points. We validate the model by simulating the scale of containerized cargo in the port i.e. small scale, medium scale and large scale scenes. The experimental results show that the method has the shortest path length of 27.519 m, 270.847 m, and 496.389 m compared to artificial potential field and deep deterministic policy gradient (APF-DDPG), APF, and rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithms, which also have significant advantages in terms of path security and path smoothness. This framework could respond to the scheduling and transportation tasks of single AGV in different environmental layouts and guarantee the smoothness and safety of the path based on the optimization of the path, which promotes the efficient operation and management of ports.

  • Availability of UAV Fleet Evaluation Based on Multi-State System
    • Elena Zaitseva
    • Vitaly Levashenko
    • Vladimir Mysko
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Darkhan Zhaxybayev
    2024 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications are extended extremely. Some applications need to use several UAVs for a general mission which can be considered a UAV fleet. One of the important characteristics for the evaluation of a UAV or UAV fleet is reliability. There are studies in which methods for analysis of their reliability are considered. Reliability analysis of UAV fleets is less frequently studied, although a single UAV cannot be performed in many applications and requires the involvement of multiple UAVs. Typically, this analysis is based on evaluating two states as operational/functioning and faulting. This paper proposes a new method to calculate the availability of a UAV fleet as one of the reliability characteristics. Unlike well-known UAV fleet analysis approaches, in this paper, the availability is studied based on a mathematical model of a Multi-State System (MSS). MSS allows us to examine more than two states (operational and faulty) of the system, so this analysis is more detailed. In this paper, based on MSS, the analysis of various topologies of UAV fleets is implemented. This mathematical model is used for the analysis and evaluation of topologies of homogeneous and heterogeneous UAV fleets, which can be irredundant or redundant hot stable systems. The interpretations of different topologies of fleets as typical structures of MSS (series, parallel, k-out-of-n) are considered. New mathematical definitions of the availability of UAV fleets of different topologies based on MSS structure function are proposed. These definitions allowed us to consider the influence of the number of UAVs on the UAV fleet availability and compare the availabilities of considered topologies of fleets.

  • Awaria betonowej posadzki przemysłowej w następstwie błędów projektowych i wykonawczych
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024

    W artykule przedstawiono opis uszkodzeń betonowej posadzki przemysłowej która z pominięciem zasad wiedzy technicznej została niepoprawnie zaprojektowana, a następnie błędnie wykonana. Bezpośrednio po zakończeniu realizacji, przedmiotowa posadzka wykazywała rozległe usterki i uszkodzenia, które praktycznie od momentu zakończenia robót uniemożliwiały rozpoczęcie eksploatacji hali magazynowej zlokalizowanej na terenie zakładu produkcyjnego. W pracy przedstawiono zaproponowany sposób naprawy i zakres robót remontowych.

  • BACTERIAL INACTIVATION VIA LASER-DRIVEN GOLD NANOPARTICLE HEATING: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Aimad Koulali
    • Piotr Radomski
    • Daniela De Biase
    • Federica Zaccagnini
    • Jacek Zieliński
    • Michał Pikuła
    • Kwang-un Jeong
    • Francesca Petronella
    • Luciano De Sio
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst

    This study utilizes CFD technique to simulate the inactivation of E. coli bacteria within a microfluidic chamber, employing gold nanoparticles irradiated by a laser beam. Employing a single-phase model, the presence of bacteria is considered by treating thermal properties in the governing equations as effective, combining those of water and bacteria using established correlations from scientific literature. The conversion of light into heat is modeled with parameters derived from scientific literature, featuring a defined source term quantifying the converted light into heat. Introducing a User Defined Scalar (UDS) employing a first-order kinetic model described by the Arrhenius equation for the decay coefficient captures the bacteria's response to irradiation. A dedicated User Defined Function (UDF) is developed to implement this model, allowing the simulation to account for the reduction in bacterial concentration over time. The results uncover intricate dynamics in bacterial response to laser-induced thermal effects, showcasing the potential for effective bacterial control. Furthermore, the model is rigorously validated against experimental data, affirming its accuracy and robustness in reproducing real-world thermal effects.

  • Badanie dynamiki platform pływających morskich turbin wiatrowych z zastosowaniem metod numerycznej mechaniki płynów
    • Ewelina Ciba
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Praca dotyczy badania ruchu platform pływających pod morskie turbiny wiatrowe. Przedstawiono w niej główne metody obliczeń i przedyskutowano ich zastosowanie. Na przykładzie koncepcji konstrukcji 3-kolumnowej platformy typu Spar przedstawiono metodykę wykonywania obliczeń z zastosowaniem programu AQWA opartego na metodzie dyfrakcyjnej, rozszerzonego o współczynniki wynikające z lepkości wyznaczone za pomocą obliczeń RANSE-CFD. Wyznaczono współczynniki hydromechaniczne dla konstrukcji w wersji podstawowej oraz z dodatkową płytą tłumiącą. Przestawiono dwie metody obliczania współczynników: testy oscylacji swobodnych oraz oscylacji wymuszonych. Wykonano obliczenia w programie AQWA rozszerzonym o wpływ lepkości za pomocą dodatkowej macierzy współczynników tłumienia liniowego oraz z wykorzystaniem dodatkowego współczynnika oporu Morisona stwierdzając, że druga metoda jest lepsza. Skuteczność metody potwierdzono wynikami badań modelowych. Wykonano ponadto szczegółowe analizy zastosowania dodatkowego elementu tłumiącego w postaci płyty tłumiącej pełnej lub płyty z otworami. Opisano wpływ zastosowania każdego z poszczególnych rozwiązań na wartości współczynników hydrodynamicznych konstrukcji. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników wyciągnięto praktyczne wnioski użyteczne do projektowania konstrukcji wsporczych pod morskie turbiny wiatrowe.

  • Badanie skuteczności ochrony katodowej Ostrogi Pilotowej w Porcie Gdynia
    • Krzysztof Żakowski
    • Juliusz Orlikowski
    2024

    Przedmiotem ekspertyzy jest ocena skuteczności ochrony katodowej palościanki Ostrogi Pilotowej w Porcie Wojennym w Gdyni Oksywiu, po pogłębieniu Kanału Portowego i zamontowaniu dodatkowych anod galwanicznych.