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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Application of micellar electrokinetic chromatography for detection of silver nanoparticles released from wound dressing
    • Marek Konop
    • Ewa Kłodzińska
    • Joanna Borowiec
    • Anna Laskowska
    • Joanna Czuwara
    • Piotr Konieczka
    • Bartłomiej Cieślik
    • Emilia Waraksa
    • Lidia Rudnicak
    2019 ELECTROPHORESIS

    The recent emergence of nanotechnology has provided a new therapeutic modality in case of silver nanoparticles. Dressings containing silver form the basis for the treatment of burns and wounds, either acute or chronic ones. The aim of the study was to examine silver release from the different wound dressings: commercially available (Atrauman Ag, Aqua- cel Ag) and experimental (FKDP-AgNPs) using MEKC. In order to characterize prepared keratin based wound dressing before and after its modification with AgNPs, a compo- sitional analysis was conducted using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nanosilver toxicity was evaluated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2- (4 sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium test. Silver release from wound dressings was assessed using MEKC. The best separation was observed for MEKC in 20 mM borate buffer at pH 9 with 20 mM SDS addition. In vitro studies showed silver at higher concentration than 10 ppm exerted a toxic effect on fibroblasts isolated from diabetic mice versus. NIH/3T3 and BJ cell lines (p 0.05). We observed silver was released more gradually from ex- perimental FKDP-AgNPs wound dressing, in compare to commercially available wound dressings. The fast and low-cost method utilizing MEKC can be used in clinical practice to detect silver release from the wound dressings

  • Application of multi-criteria method to assess the usefulness of a hydrotechnical object for floating housing
    • Emilia Miszewska
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2019 Full text IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

    This publication presents the analysis of three hydrotechnical objects located in the Municipality of Gdańsk with a view of mooring Floating Houses. The assessment of the adaptation of a hydrotechnical object has been carried out by a multi- criteria method AHP and using the main criteria such as: mooring system, communication with the mainland, availability of the utility networks, waste disposal and location of the parking spaces. The analysis allowed to conclude that there are no hydrotechnical objects in Gdańsk, which would be fully adapted to mooring of Floating Houses without additional infrastructure investments. The most adapted site out of the three ones considered in the Municipality of Gdańsk is location no. 1 – the Rybackie Pobrzeże.

  • Application of nanofluids in thermal technologies
    • Janusz Cieśliński
    2019

    Nanofluids it is a relatively new category of thermal fluids that can serve as coolants, both in single- and two phase systems. However application of nanofluids in industrial applications requires faultless their thermophysical properties. Existing models originally developed for liquid/solid particles mixtures (slurries) fail in case of nanofluids. Moreover correlations used to calcuate heat transfer coefficients of conventional fluids can not be used in case of nanofluids as well. Therefore comprehensive investigations of thermophysical properties of nanofluids as well as studies concerning heat transfer of nanofluids are still indispensable. In this paper reults of the simultaneous measurements of essential thermophysical properties like dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of water based nanofluids are presented. The results of the experimental investigations of the single phase forced convection inside horizontal tubes and pool boiling characteristics are presented as well. Finally the experimental results of the performance of the prototype two-phase thermosyphon heat exchanger (TPTHEx) and selected type of brazed plate heat exchanger (PHEx) operated with nanofluids are reported.

  • Application of RCD and AFDD in low-voltage electrical installations for protection against fire
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2019 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    The paper presents the principles of application of residual current devices (RCDs) in protection against fire. The permissible rated residual operating current of RCDs is discussed. Limitations in the operation of RCDs in this type of protection are indicated. A new type of a protective device against fire – arc fault detection device (AFDD) – is described.

  • Application of Reverse Engineering Technology in Part Design for Shipbuilding Industry
    • Mariusz Deja
    • Michał Dobrzyński
    • Marcin Rymkiewicz
    2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    In the shipbuilding industry, it is difficult to create CAD models of existing or prototype parts, especially with many freeform surfaces. The paper presents the creation of the CAD 3D model of a shipbuilding component with the application of the reverse engineering technology. Based on the data obtained from the digitization process, the component is reconstructed in point cloud processing programs and the CAD model is created. Finally, the accuracy of the digital model is estimated.

  • Application of the ‘CPT 2012’model of AFNOR standard for column design in Poland–Jazowa case study
    • Lech Bałachowski
    • Jakub Konkol
    • Kamila Międlarz
    2019 Full text

    his paper presents the ‘CPT 2012’ model incorporated into the AFNOR NF P94-262:2012-07, French standard for pile design fully compatible with Eurocode 7, to the wider Polish audience. The bearing capacity of three reference columns for Vistula Marshlands have been calculated according to ‘CPT 2012’ model and AFNOR recommendations. Then, the design resistances have been compared with ultimate column bearing capacity measured during static load tests conducted on reference columns. The results of comparison are discussed and the discrepancies between measured and calculated bearing capacities are shortly commented.

  • Application of the IMO standard manoeuvres procedure for pod-driven ships
    • Maciej Reichel
    2019 JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in the resolution MSC.137(76) Standards for Ship manoeuvrability presents the manoeuvring criteria that has to be satisfied by majority of seagoing ships. Together with the criteria, procedures for carrying out the manoeuvring tests are also presented. They however do not correspond directly to ships with non-conventional steering-propulsion devices, like pod drives. IMO is aware of this shortcoming and permits the use of comparative steering angles to the rudder angles specified by the resolution. To address this problem, a set of model tests has been carried out. Experiments with free-sailing manned model of a pod-driven gas carrier have been carried out to check the satisfaction of IMO criteria with systematically varying pod deflection angles. Results of the research show, that for tested pod-driven gas carrier, IMO manoeuvring criteria on turning circle are satisfied for much smaller deflection angles than recommended by IMO. Therefore a conclusion is made, that although the IMO manoeuvring criteria are valid for pod-driven ships and can be applied directly, the procedure for carrying out especially turning circle tests might be for pod-driven ships reconsidered.

  • Application of the Optimization Methods to the Search of Marine Propulsion Shafting Global Equilibrium in Running Condition
    • Aleksandr Ursolov
    • Yuriy Batrak
    • Wiesław Tarełko
    2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    Full film hydrodynamic lubrication of marine propulsion shafting journal bearings in running condition is discussed. Considerable computational difficulties in non-linear determining the quasi-static equilibrium of the shafting are highlighted. The approach using two optimization methods (the particle swarm method and the interior point method) in combination with the specially developed relaxation technique is proposed to overcome this problem. The developed algorithm allows calculating marine propulsion shafting bending taking into account lubrication in all journal bearings and exact form of journal inside bearings, compared to most of the publications that consider lubrication only in the aftmost stern tube bearing and suppose rest of bearings as pointwise. The calculation results of typical shafting design with four bearings are provided. The significance of taking into account lubrication in all bearings is shown, specifically more exact values of bearings’ reactions, shafting deflections, minimum film thickness and maximum hydrodynamic pressure in the stern tube bearing in case of considering lubrication in all bearings.

  • Application of the X-ray micro computed tomography to the analysis of the structure of polymeric materials
    • Piotr Szewczykowski
    • Łukasz Skarżyński
    2019 Full text Polimery

    In this paper the application of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a non-destructive testing method of polymeric materials is presented. Increasing applicability of polymers in va­riedend-use industries such as automotive, building and construction, consumer goods, and packaging is propelling the growth of the global polymer processing market. However, controlling of the polymer structure is one of the most important aspects since it affects mechanical properties of the components. The paper contains examples of two- and three-dimensional analysis of selected polymeric materials using of X-ray micro-computed tomography. Due to the complex structure of polymers, their shape and pores that are embedded inside the material and are not connected to the surface, the X-ray micro-computed tomography is an ideal solution for the analysis of the microstructure of polymeric materials to improve the process of their production in order to obtain components with the best possible properties.

  • Application of Thermo-chemical Technologies for Conversion of Associated Gas in Diesel-Gas Turbine Installations for Oil and Gas Floating Units
    • Oleksandr Cherednichenko
    • Serhiy Serbin
    • Marek Dzida
    2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    The paper considers the issue of thermo-chemical recovery of engine’s waste heat and its further use for steam conversion of the associated gas for oil and gas floating units. The characteristics of the associated gas are presented, and problems of its application in dual-fuel medium-speed internal combustion engines are discussed. Various variants of combined diesel-gas turbine power plant with thermo-chemical heat recovery are analyzed. The heat of the gas turbine engine exhaust gas is utilized in a thermo-chemical reactor and a steam generator. The engines operate on synthesis gas, which is obtained as a result of steam conversion of the associated gas. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the developed schemes are proposed. The results of mathematical modeling of processes in a 14.1 MW diesel-gas turbine power plant with waste heat recovery are presented. The effect of the steam/associated gas ratio on the efficiency criteria is analyzed. The obtained results indicate relatively high effectiveness of the scheme with separate high and low pressure thermo-chemical reactors for producing fuel gas for both gas turbine and internal combustion engines. The calculated efficiency of such a power plant for considered input parameters is 45.6%.

  • Application of two-dimensional intensity maps in high-accuracy polarimetry
    • Mykola Shopa
    • Nazar Ftomyn
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION

    We propose the analysis of 2D intensity contour maps which is based on the optical transmission function for the polarizer-specimen-analyzer system. A small modification of the high-accuracy universal polarimeter (HAUP) technique was used to measure the intensity maps (HAUP maps) and determine the phase retardation, linear dichroism (LD) parameters, and multiple light reflection contribution in uniaxial crystals. We have performed measurements in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis on pure birefringent LiNbO3, birefringent optically active SiO2, and two birefringent optically active dichroic galogermanate crystals doped with Mn3+ and Cr3+ ions. We have obtained good agreement of the experimental data for 532, 633, and 650 nm wavelengths with analytical values. These results extend the capabilities of high-accuracy polarimetry to anisotropic crystal studies.

  • Application potential of dummy molecularly imprinted polymers as solidphase extraction sorbents for determination of low-mass polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil and sediment samples
    • Mariusz Marć
    • Piotr Paweł Wieczorek
    2019 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    Despite the introduction of restrictive regulations in the USA and the European Union, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are still found in various types of environmental and biological samples at significant concentration levels. The presence of these persistent organic pollutants in the environment raises important issues because of their negative impact on immunological and neurological systems, and on the hormonal balances in living organisms. From the analytical point of view, the final determination of PBDEs would entail substantial challenges, because it would necessitate conducting the pre-concentration of analytes, or sample clean up. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the analytical application potential of developed dummy molecularly imprinted polymers as solid-phase extraction sorbents for the selective recognition of low-mass PBDEs. The 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether was employed as a dummy template of low-mass PBDEs. The developed types of the sorption materials were used in the sample preparation stage of the analytical procedure to determine the PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 levels in selected representatives of environmental samples—reference materials of soil and bottom sediments. The recovery values of PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 from the studied solid samples ranged from 60% to 87%, depending on the applied DMIPs type.

  • Applications of Raman spectroscopy for detection of selected substances in tissues
    • Maciej Wróbel
    2019

    This dissertation explores the applications of Raman spectroscopy for biological tissue analysis. Basics of Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are described, along with an analysis of the literature on biodetection and non-invasive blood analysis with emphasis on glucose detection. Instrumentation for Raman measurements is described. The sources of noise and interferences occurring in biological tissue measurements are presented. The experimental work was focused on two distinct goals: a rapid detection of drugs in whole human blood with SERS; and reduction of the individual variability in non-invasive Raman measurements. A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in NIR is utilized for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs in blood. Optimization of this technique may become clinically viable for a rapid detection of drugs in blood samples. The challenge of non-invasive detection of molecules in blood through skin, without perforation, is the natural variability of skin optical properties and chemical composition. The proposed solution to this problem is to reduce the influence of the signal from tissue and distinguish the signal from the blood components by exploiting periodic changes of the blood content, causes by the blood pulse, while the tissues remain the same. A signal processing approach was developed where the natural blood pulse is identified from the series of Raman spectra, and used in a synchronous detection. The result of the algorithm is a Raman spectrum correlated with the Raman scattering on blood, while the uncorrelated signal from static tissues is diminished. The experimental proof for the two goals is presented and discussed. A series of appended publications form the basis of the dissertation.

  • Applying of Doped Graphene Oxide Coatings for Corrosion Prevention
    • Ollik Karolina
    • Karczewski Jakub
    • Marek Lieder
    2019

    INTRODUCTION Graphene is a carbonaceous material characterized by extraordinary properties (high electron mobility, high surface area, high mechanical strength of 1100 GPa, very dense network hindering the passage of even the smallest helium atoms) [1]. Therefore, it found many applications, also as an anti-corrosive layer [2]. Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) is one of the methods to deposit coatings. However, due to slight solubility graphene in solvent, deposition by this technique is difficult. Because of presence of oxygen functional groups, graphene oxide is alternative material. Electrophoretically deposited graphene oxide coatings protect substrate from corrosion effectively [3], but parameters of EPD affect significantly on the quality of coatings [4]. Additionally, presence of oxygen functional groups enhances wettability, and thus accelerates corrosion [5]. One of the methods of corrosion prevention is applying of corrosion inhibitors. Their protective properties are associated with among others presence of heteroatoms in the structure [6], Therefore, introduction of nitrogen into graphene oxide structure could be improve its anti-corrosive properties. To the best of our knowledge, using electrophoretically deposited nitrogen-doped graphene oxide coating as anti-corrosive coating has not been reported yet. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hydrothermal introduction of nitrogen in the graphene oxide structure reduced of oxygen content in sample. This is also the result of reaction between carboxyl groups and ammonia solution. This behavior resulted in a reduced in hydrophilocity. Additionally coatings not shown any imperfections. Such features can have a beneficial effect on anti-corrosive properties. A slight improvement of corrosion resistance of coating indicate, that electrophoretically deposited coatings may be prevent corrosion. CONCLUSION Doping of graphene oxide was synthesized successfully by the hydrothermal method. This was proven by the appearance of new peaks associated with nitrogen functional groups on the FTIR spectrum for NGO samples. XPS measurement confirmed reduction of oxygen content, at the same time causing inconsiderable growth of contact angle. N10GO coating showed corrosion resistance and protect copper substrate in chloride environment.

  • Apprendere camminando.Il metodo della Jane’s Walk per riscoprire San Lorenzo
    • Justyna Borucka
    • Claudia Mattogno
    2019

    Tratta dal libro rivoluzionario che Jane Jacobs, attivista americana, ha scritto negli anni Sessanta e che ben presto è diventato un importante riferimento per la partecipazione dei cittadini nella progettazione urbana, questa citazione ben esprime l’approccio attraverso il quale ci siamo avvicinate alla riscoperta di San Lorenzo. Quartiere della città storica molto conosciuto, San Lorenzo si è rivelato in grado di disvelare paesaggi inattesi e sorprendenti, se si ha voglia di andare oltre gli attuali luoghi comuni, con iquali si descrive spesso troppo schematicamente il quartiere. Il metodo di lavoro appreso da Jane Jacobs ha fatto emergere passione e impegno locale, necessità di salvaguardare diritti di cittadinanza e senso di appartenenza, desiderio di approfondire le relazioni tra individui e spazio fisico attraverso la pratica semplice dell’andare a piedi.

  • Architects and urban planners in the face of energy transition - smart cities energy aspects in shaping building structures and cities
    • Julia Kurek
    • Justyna Martyniuk-Pęczek
    2019

    Contemporary architects and urban planners are facing steadily increasing challenges. The growing problems around environmental issues, shrinking natural resources and climate action are just some of them. Currently, planning should also include balancing with all the aspects of sustainable development such as not only the environmental issues, but also social and economic ones. How to meet them in the era of energy transition and the transfer of physical reality to virtual one? Some of the European Union countries began to successively implement solutions related to the optimization and collection of data on energy consumption, in the form of smart meters, the first step to create smart houses and smart cities. The question is whether planners are ready for this shift. In this situation, two divergent worldviews are confronted: contemporary architects and planners versus industry engineers and programmers responsible for the technological implementation of energy- -independent buildings and cities. The first group mostly concerns balanced and harmonious principles of shaping space in the pursuit of satisfying functional, aesthetic, socio-economic and environmental aspects. The approach of second group is based solely on parameters, calculations, energy characteristics and hard indisputable data, which is represented by industry engineers. This raises the risk of utopian attempts to develop a fixed idea, which could be applied everywhere in energy and planning matters - very tempting for industry engineers and at the same time extremely dangerous for shaping the space we live in. Energy efficiency and independency is namely not shaped by independent buildings and objects. When talking about spatial energy efficiency, often underestimated, comprehensive urban aspects related to mobility, location and several other factors should be considered. Therefore, the cooperation of architects, urban planners with industry engineers dealing with energy issues is indispensable to create a comprehensive spatial energy efficiency, not limited only to solids of individual objects.

  • Architectural education and digital tools: the challenges and opportunities
    • Karolina Życzkowska
    • Katarzyna Urbanowicz
    2019 Full text World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    Enriching architectural education with digital tools is the subject of this article. Such tools can create, support and visualise architecture. The focus in this article is on an interdisciplinary approach to media architecture (allowing variable visual content of architectural objects) and interactivity (user-space communication), revealing new possibilities in terms of human perception. The results of a survey on media architecture among 110 students are also presented. Described in the article are two courses related to new technologies that are conducted in the Faculty of Architecture at Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Gdańsk, Poland, including co-operation with the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics. Presented also are the challenges of the visualisation of studentdesigned structures (example: the Coal Market), comparing traditional tools with innovative 1:1 visualisation methods in the Immersive 3D Visualisation Laboratory at GUT, and stressing the potential of this environment for new ways of media and interactive solution visualisation.

  • Architekci Malują 2019 - plenery w Krzesznej i Orłowie.
    • Jacek Krenz
    2019

    9 akwarel z pleneru w Krzesznej i w Orłowie -. Udział w wystawie zbiorowej grupy SARP oddział Wybrzeże Architekci malują

  • Architekci Malują Gdynię.
    • Jacek Krenz
    2019

    Katalog wystawy poplenerowej architektów zrzeszonych w grupie SARP Oddział Wybrzeże, Architekci Malują. Krenz J.: Cykl 5 akwarel.

  • Architekci malują Kaszuby
    • Jacek Krenz
    2019

    W lipcu Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sopotu zaprasza na wystawę prezentującą pejzaże kaszubskie. Będzie to kolejna odsłona projektu ARCHITEKCI MALUJĄ zapoczątkowanego w 2016 roku. Obrazy i rysunki eksponowane w dworkowej Galerii powstały w ramach Arch Art 2019 podczas pleneru w urokliwej wsi Krzeszna w gminie Stężyca. Czerwcowe krajobrazy okazały się wyjątkowo sprzyjające wielu ciekawym artystycznym obserwacjom. Autorami prezentowanych prac są w kolejności alfabetycznej: Magdalena E. Corvin-Spolitakiewicz, Anna Fikus-Wójcik, Olena Karavaeva, Monika Knoblauch-Kwapińska, Irma Kowalke, Jacek Krenz, Grażyna Księżopolska-Sobczak, Aleksandra Marcinek, Wojciech Nowacki, Katarzyna Rajca, Agnieszka Rózga-Micewicz, Piotr Rzeszot, Beata Steffens, Nicolas Szopiński, Elżbieta Waśniewska.

  • Architekci malują, plener i nie tylko
    • Jacek Krenz
    2019

    J. Krenz, autorski cykl 4 akwarel: Abstraktyzacja krajobrazu

  • Architektura jako nauka:eksperyment - teoria - historia
    • Maria Sołtysik
    2019

    Autorka prezentuje architekturę jako dyscyplinę naukową. Ukazuje trzy obszary badawcze architektury: eksperyment, teorię i historię. Przedstawia elementy projektowanie architektonicznego jako pewien typ eksperymentu naukowego. Ukazuje również rolę teorii architektury i historii architektury w problematyce badawczej tej dyscypliny. Przedstawia całe zagadnienie w szerokim kontekście kulturowym - od czasów antycznych po współczesne - analizując i przywołując prace najsłynniejszych architektów, historyków i teoretyków architektury.

  • Architektura na terenach byłych nazistowskich obozów koncentracyjnych. Funkcjonalna zmienność upamiętniania
    • Agnieszka Gębczyńska-Janowicz
    2019

    Monografia poświęcona jest procesowi kreowania struktur architektonicznych powstających na terenach po dawnych obozach koncentracyjnych utworzonych przez Główny Urząd Gospodarki i Administracji SS. Przeprowadzone prace badawcze są kontynuacją badań naukowych podjętych w latach 2006-2010, których podsumowaniem stała się monografia "Polskie założenia pomnikowe. Rola architektury w tworzeniu miejsc pamięci od połowy XX wieku" Architektura w niniejszych badaniach jest ujmowana jako szeroko rozumiane zaangażowanie w przeorganizowanie przestrzeni w celu stworzenia miejsca jako nośnika pamięci o ważnej dla ogółu przeszłości. Jest sztuką kształtowania przestrzeni, a jej przedmiotem są nie tylko pojedyncze obiekty budowlane, ale na procesie organizowania fizycznie zdefiniowanego obiektu. Realizacje architektoniczne mogą funkcjonować jako nośnik pamięci , stanowiąc przede wszystkim świadectwo realności upamiętnianych wydarzeń.

  • Architektura zespołu Politechniki Gdańskiej 1904-2018
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2019

    Budynki i układ przestrzenny zespołu Politechniki Gdańskiej są doskonałym dokumentem są przemian architektury w XX wieku. Niezależnie od będącej przedmiotem dyskusji ciągłości lub nieciągłości dziejów uczelni jako instytucji prowadzącej badania naukowe i kształcącej studentów, jej architektura stanowi jednolitą całość. Położony u wylotu malowniczej doliny okolonej zielonymi wzgórzami zespół tworzą obiekty reprezentujące najważniejsze stylistyki architektoniczne ubiegłego stulecia. W 1979 r. poszczególne budynki zespołu Politechniki powstałe na początku XX wieku i jego historyczny układ jako całość zostały wpisane do wojewódzkiego rejestru zabytków. Dziś wydaje się to bezdyskusyjna, ale pod koniec lat 70. XX wieku wartość historyczna i estetyczna obiektów z epoki historyzmu, nie była oczywista. Obecnie toczą się dyskusje na temat wartości architektury z czasów PRL. Książka jest głosem w tej dyskusji.

  • Are the short cationic lipopeptides bacterial membrane disruptors? Structure-Activity Relationship and molecular dynamic evaluation
    • Katarzyna Greber
    • Joanna Zielińska
    • Łukasz Nierzwicki
    • Krzesimir Ciura
    • Piotr Kawczak
    • Joanna Nowakowska
    • Tomasz Bączek
    • Wiesław Sawicki
    2019 Full text BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES

    Short cationic lipopeptides are amphiphilic molecules that exhibit antimicrobial activity mainly against Grampositives. These compounds bind to bacterial membranes and disrupt their integrity. Here we examine the structure-activity relation (SAR) of lysine-based lipopeptides, with a prospect to rationally design more active compounds. The presented study aims to explain how antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides is affected by the charge of lipopeptide headgroup and the length of lipopeptide acyl chain. The obtained SAR models suggest that the lipophilicity of short synthetic cationic lipopeptides is the major factor that determines their antimicrobial activities. In order to link the differences in antimicrobial activity to the mechanism of action of lipopeptides containing one and two hydrophobic chains, we additionally performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. By using combined coarse-grained and all-atom simulations we also show that these compounds neither affect the organization of the membrane lipids nor aggregate to form separate phases. These results, along with the onset of antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides well below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), indicate that lipopeptides do not act in a simple detergent-like manner.

  • Artificial intelligence for software development — the present and the challenges for the future
    • Łukasz Korzeniowski
    • Krzysztof Goczyła
    2019 Full text Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

    Since the time when first CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) methods and tools were developed, little has been done in the area of automated creation of code. CASE tools support a software engineer in creation the system structure, in defining interfaces and relationships between software modules and, after the code has been written, in performing testing tasks on different levels of detail. Writing code is still the task of a skilled human, which makes the whole software development a costly and error-prone process. It seems that recent advances in AI area, particularly in deep learning methods, may considerably improve the matters. The paper presents an extensive survey of recent work and achievements in this area reported in the literature, both from the theoretical branch of research and from engineer-oriented approaches. Then, some challenges for the future work are proposed, classified into Full AI, Assisted AI and Supplementary AI research fields.

  • Artificial-Hand Technology—Current State of Knowledge in Designing and Forecasting Changes
    • Jacek Szkopek
    • Grzegorz Redlarski
    2019 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel

    The subject of human-hand versatility has been intensively investigated for many years. Emerging robotic constructions change continuously in order to mimic natural mechanisms as accurately as possible. Such an attitude is motivated by the demand for humanoid robots with sophisticated end effectors and highly biomimic prostheses. This paper provides wide analysis of more than 80 devices that have been created over the last 40 years. It compares both the mechanical structure and various actuators from conventional DC motors and servomechanisms, through pneumatic muscles, to soft actuators and artificial muscles. Described measured factors include angles, forces, torques, tensions, and tactiles. Furthermore, the appropriate statistics of kinematic configuration, as well as the type or number of drive units and sensory systems, show not only recent problems, but also trends that will be followed in the future.

  • Asphalt concrete subjected to long-time loading at low temperatures – Deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle
    • Mariusz Jaczewski
    • Józef Judycki
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    2019 Full text CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS

    The article presents the observed deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle of asphalt concretes, tested in the bending beam creep test at low temperatures for a long time of loading. In almost all tested asphalt concretes, deviations appeared after 500 s of loading at the temperature of -10 C. Some types of bitumen presented deviations at other temperatures – usually the harder the grade of the bitumen, the higher was the temperature of appearance of deviation. The article investigates also the impact of the following factors on the described deviations: type of bitumen, assumed time of loading and level of loading.

  • Assessing the Effects of the Road Surface and Weather Conditions on Road Safety
    • Marcin Budzyński
    • Agnieszka Tubis
    2019 Full text Journal of KONBiN

    When transport is analysed for its safe delivery the focus is mainly on assessing the safety of roads and the risk of undesired events. These include road accidents, an occurrence which is relatively rare and random. Randomness means that accidents depend on several factors which are partly deterministic (can be controlled) and partly stochastic (random and unpredictable). The set of crash contributing factors can be classified by time (before, during, after the accident) and source (man, road, vehicle, environment – weather conditions, enforcement, etc.). The authors conducted an assessment of how weather conditions affect the risk of an accident due to the factor’s significant contribution to road accidents (33% of all fatalities on Polish roads happened on wet road surfaces). This case involves a combination of two sources of hazard: external conditions in the form of the weather which are beyond the driver’s control and anthropotechnical factors that address vehicle condition and driver behaviour controlled by the driver.

  • Assessing Tram Infrastructure Safety Using the Example of the City of Gdańsk
    • Marcin Budzyński
    • Jacek Szmagliński
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Krystian Birr
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    • Joanna Wachnicka
    2019 Full text Journal of KONBiN

    Analysis of Gdańsk’s tram network statistics shows that incidents are quite frequent (about 650 within 5 years) and mostly involve collisions and crashes. As well as reducing the tram systems’ efficiency and reliability, incidents have a nega-tive effect on road safety. As Polish cities extend their tram networks, they must also ensure that their existing networks are safe. This is to be achieved by conducting safety assessments. The article presents different assessment methods, at different stages of tram infrastructure lifecycle providing a basis for a comprehensive diagnosis and recommendations for improve-ment. The objective of the study was to conduct a comprehensive safety assessment and analysis of the existing and planned tram network across Gdańsk, using different study methods and tools. One of the tools was safety inspection of tram infra-structure involving technical diagnosis and road safety. The aim was to identify hazards and their sources which may con-tribute to tram accidents. The next tool was safety audit of design documentation to identify hazards in the planning, concept and detailed design. The study included a detailed diagnosis of tram accidents and an analysis of the causes and circum-stances of the incidents. Tram drivers were surveyed to identify sites that may be potentially hazardous and to understand the causes as seen by the drivers. A technique for analysing conflicts between trams and other road users was also very helpful. This helped to identify dangerous behaviour at selected sites. Risk analysis for potential high risk locations was carried out (e.g. for significant gradients of tramways).

  • Assessment of dynamic characteristics of thin cylindrical sandwich panels with magnetorheological core
    • Gennadi Mikhasev
    • Victor Eremeev
    • Krzysztof Wilde
    • Svetlana Maevskaya
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES

    Based on the equivalent single-layer linear theory for laminated shells, free and forced vibrations of thin cylindrical sandwich panels with magnetorheological core are studied. Five variants of available magnetorheological elastomers differing in their composition and physical properties are considered for smart viscoelastic core. Coupled differential equations in terms of displacements based on the generalized kinematic hypotheses of Timoshenko accounting for transverse shears with coefficients depending on the complex shear modulus for a smart core are used to govern vibrations of cylindrical panels. Assuming conditions of simple support for straight and curvilinear edges, solutions in the explicit form describing natural modes as well as an equation with respect to the required complex eigenfrequencies are found. To predict the shell response to an external harmonic force, the general solution of non-homogeneous governing equations is derived in the form of series in natural modes. To estimate damping capability of magnetorheological elastomers under consideration, the principle tunable parameters, the lowest natural frequencies and associated logarithmic decrements are calculated for the same panels with different magnetorheological elastomers under the action of a magnetic field of different intensities. Finally, the amplitude–frequency plots for magnetorheological elastomer-based panels of different opening angles with and without magnetic field are presented.

  • Assessment of Failure Occurrence Rate for Concrete Machine Foundations Used in Gas and Oil Industry by Machine Learning
    • Patryk Ziółkowski
    • Sebastian Demczyński
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2019 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel

    Concrete machine foundations are structures that transfer loads from machines in operation to the ground. The design of such foundations requires a careful analysis of the static and dynamic effects caused by machine exploitation. There are also other substantial differences between ordinary concrete foundations and machine foundations, of which the main one is that machine foundations are separated from the building structure. Appropriate quality and the preservation of operational parameters of machine foundations are essential, especially in the gas and oil industry, where every disruption in the technological process is costly. First and foremost, there are direct repair costs from damage to foundations, but there are also indirect costs associated with blockages of the production process. Foundation repairs can temporarily shut down a given part of the refining process from operation. Thanks to cooperation from our partner, we obtained data from 510 concrete machine foundations from a refinery. Our database included many parameters, such as concrete cover thickness, machine gravity center distortion, the angular frequency of vertical self-excited vibrations, the angular frequency of horizontal self-excited vibrations, amplitudes of oscillation, foundation area, foundation volume, and information on occurring failures. Concrete machine foundation failure is not yet fully understood. In our study, we assessed what affects the failure occurrence rate of concrete machine foundations and to what extent. We wanted to find out whether there are correlations between the foundation failure occurrence rate and the mentioned parameters. To achieve this goal, we utilized state-of-the-art machine learning techniques.

  • ASSESSMENT OF GOLD AND/OR CRUDE OIL AS INVESTMENTS FOR PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION. A WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE CASE STUDY
    • Marcin Potrykus
    2019 Full text Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia

    The purpose of the study is to assess whether the inclusion of investments in gold and/or crude oil improves an investment portfolio consisting of shares of enterprises included in the WIG20 index (traditional invest-ments). All possible combinations of investment portfolios with minimal risk and maximum efficiency were tested. The portfolios were determined based on Markowitz’s portfolio theory. All results were compared with a naive strategy. In total, nearly 55,000 investment portfolios consisting of three, four or five invest-ments were constructed. The study showed that the application of portfolio theory contributes to obtaining better results than a naive strategy. The minimum risk portfolios that included gold and crude oil showed a risk reduction of 0.39 p.p. on average and a maximum cumulative loss of 7.85 p.p. on average. Portfolios with maximum efficiency achieved an average increase in the rate of return of the investment portfolio of 0.024 p.p. and an average increase in efficiency of 0.0256.

  • Assessment of image processing methods for the determination of propagation of squat-type defects in rails
    • Eligiusz Mieloszyk
    • Anita Milewska
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    2019 Full text

    We demonstrate the idea of squat-type defect measurement in the rail and the concept of tracking of the defect development using the techniques of image acquisition and image processing as well as the methods of metric spaces. We introduce the concepts of a set diameter δ(A) and the metric ρ1, which come from the properties of plane figures, to compare and to observe the development of the defects. We characterize the feasibility of the method to determine the dynamics of the defect development. The tests have shown that it is possible to apply the method with a camera during current diagnostic procedures provided that the distance to the rail is similar. Normalized metric enables easy comparison of the results and allows for the assessment of the reliability of the rails. The advantages of the method include simplicity and ability to observe the defects during the entire cycle of their development, which makes it possible to take the diagnostic decisions at the appropriate time

  • Assessment of technical condition and repair of steel structure elements on the example of fire damage in a warehouse building
    • Andrzej Ambroziak
    • Paweł Piotrkowski
    • Tomasz Heizig
    2019 Full text MATEC Web of Conferences

    The paper analyses a case study on the structural assessment of warehouse building partially damaged by fire caused by external source (fire of lorries close to the building). The authors focus on the site investigations and laboratory test results prior to assessing actual condition of the structural elements. Both strengthening concept and repair procedure of a steel column are addressed here. A short literature survey in the paper regards fire damages and its impact on the entire structural systems and its members.

  • Assessment of the Accuracy of Determining the Angular Position of the Unmanned Bathymetric Surveying Vehicle Based on the Sea Horizon Image
    • Krzysztof Naus
    • Łukasz Marchel
    • Piotr Szymak
    • Aleksander Nowak
    2019 Full text SENSORS

    The paper presents the results of research on assessing the accuracy of angular position measurement relative to the sea horizon using a camera mounted on an unmanned bathymetric surveying vehicle of the Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) type. The first part of the article presents the essence of the problem. The rules of taking the angular position of the vehicle into account in bathymetric surveys and the general concept of the two-camera tilt compensator were described. The second part presents a mathematical description of the meters characterizing a resolution and a mean error of measurements, made on the base of the horizon line image, recorded with an optical system with a Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) matrix. The phenomenon of the horizon line curvature in the image projected onto the matrix that appears with the increase of the camera height has been characterized. The third part contains an example of a detailed analysis of selected cameras mounted on UAVs manufactured by DJI, carried out using the proposed meters. The obtained results including measurement resolutions of a single-pixel and mean errors of the horizon line slope measurement were presented in the form of many tables and charts with extensive comments. The final part presents the general conclusions from the performed research and a proposal of directions for their further development.

  • Assessment of the Bulgarian Wastewater Treatment Plants’ Impact on the Receiving Water Bodies
    • Galina Yotova
    • Svetlana Lazarova
    • Błażej Kudłak
    • Boika Zlateva
    • Veronika Mihaylova
    • Monika Wieczerzak
    • Tony Venelinov
    • Stefan Tsakovski
    2019 Full text MOLECULES

    Deterioration of water quality is a major problem world widely according to many international non-governmental organizations (NGO). As one of the European Union (EU) countries, Bulgaria is also obliged by EU legislation to maintain best practices in assessing surface water quality and the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. For these reasons studies were undertaken to utilize ecotoxicological (Microtox®, Phytotoxkit FTM, Daphtoxkit FTM), instrumental (to determine pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), chlorides, sulphates, Cr, Co, Cu, Cd, Ba, V, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Se, Pb), as well as advanced chemometric methods (partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)) in data evaluation to comprehensively assess wastewater treatment plants' (WWTPs) effluents and surface waters quality around 21 major Bulgarian cities. The PLS-DA classification model for the physicochemical parameters gave excellent discrimination between WWTP effluents and surface waters with 93.65% correct predictions (with significant contribution of EC, TSS, P, N, Cl, Fe, Zn, and Se). The classification model based on ecotoxicological data identifies the plant test endpoints as having a greater impact on the classification model efficiency than bacterial, or crustaceans’ endpoints studied.

  • Assessment of the Effectiveness of a Short-term Hearing Aid Use in Patients with Different Degrees of Hearing Loss
    • Tomasz Poremski
    • Piotr Szymański
    • Bożena Kostek
    2019 Full text Archives of Acoustics

    The study presents evaluating the effectiveness of the hearing aid fitting process in the short-term use (7 days). The evaluation method consists of a survey based on the APHAB (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit) questionnaire. Additional criteria such as a degree of hearing loss, number of hours and days of hearing aid use as well as the user’s experience were also taken into consideration. The outcomes of the benefit obtained from the hearing aid use in various listening environments for 109 hearing aid users are presented, including a degree of their hearing loss. The research study results show that it is possible to obtain relevant and reliable information helpful in assessing the effectiveness of the shortterm (7 days) hearing aid use. The overall percentage of subjects gaining a benefit when communicating in noise is the highest of all the analyzed and the lowest in the environment with reverberation. The statistical analysis performed confirms that in the listening environments in which conversation is held, a subjective indicator determined by averaging benefits for listening situations individually is statistically significant with respect to the degree of hearing loss. Statistically significant differences depending on the degree of hearing loss are also found separately for noisy as well as reverberant environments. However, it should be remembered that this study is limited to three types of hearing loss, i.e. mild, moderate and severe. The acceptance of unpleasant sounds gets the lowest rating. It has also been observed that in the initial period of hearing aid use, the perception of unpleasant sounds has a big influence on the evaluation of hearing improvement

  • Assessment of the Environmental Impact of a Car Tire throughout Its Lifecycle Using the LCA Method
    • Katarzyna Piotrowska
    • Weronika Kruszelnicka
    • Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos
    • Robert Kasner
    • Jacek Rudnicki
    • Andrzej Tomporowski
    • Józef Flizikowski
    • Marek Opielak
    2019 Full text Materials

    There are numerous threats to the natural environment that pose a significant risk both to the environment and to human health, including car tires. Thus, there is a need to determine the impact of the life cycle of car tires on the environment, starting with the processes of raw materials acquisition, production, and ending with end-of-life management. Therefore, the authors of this study chose to do research on passenger car tires (size: P205/55/R16). As part of the research, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of traditional car tires was performed with the use of the Eco-indicator 99, cumulative energy demand (CED), and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methods. The level of negative effects was determined for the life cycle of a tire and its particular stages: Production, use, and end of life. The negative impact on the atmosphere, soil, and water, as well as on human health, the environment, and natural resources was also investigated. The results show that the most energy-absorbing stage of a car tire life cycle is the use stage. It was found that the most harmful impact involves the depletion of natural resources and emissions into the atmosphere. Recycling car tires reduces their negative environmental impact during all their life cycle stages.

  • Assessment of the Small Enterprise’s Maturity to Improvement Projects Based on the Lean Six Sigma Concept
    • Ewa Marjańska
    • Piotr Grudowski
    • Anna Wendt
    2019

    This paper explores the methodology to assess the maturity of small enterprise of building masonry sector to implement integrated approach of Lean Six Sigma. For this purpose survey data from senior managers were used. Quantitative method of the case organization’s needs and capabilities in the scope of Lean Six Sigma project implementation was applied. The value of maturity indicator for Lean Six Sigma projects dedicated to the sector of small and medium size enterprises was calculated and the specific guidance for the management was proposed.

  • Assessment of the Steering Precision of a Hydrographic Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV) along Sounding Profiles Using a Low-Cost Multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Receiver Supported Autopilot
    • Mariusz Specht
    • Cezary Specht
    • Henryk Lasota
    • Piotr Cywiński
    2019 Full text SENSORS

    he performance of bathymetric measurements by traditional methods (using manned vessels) in ultra-shallow waters, i.e., lakes, rivers, and sea beaches with a depth of less than 1 m, is often difficult or, in many cases, impossible due to problems related to safe vessel maneuvering. For this reason, the use of shallow draft hydrographic Unmanned Surface Vessels (USV) appears to provide a promising alternative method for performing such bathymetric measurements. This article describes the modernisation of a USV to switch from manual to automatic mode, and presents a preliminary study aimed at assessing the suitability of a popular autopilot commonly used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), and a low-cost multi-Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver cooperating with it, for performing bathymetric measurements in automated mode, which involves independent movement along a specified route (hydrographic sounding profiles). The cross track error (XTE) variable, i.e., the distance determined between a USV’s position and the sounding profile, measured transversely to the course, was adopted as the measure of automatic control precision. Moreover, the XTE value was statistically assessed in the publication.

  • Assessment of the usefulness of bacterial cellulose produced by Gluconacetobacter xylinus E25 as a new biological implant
    • Magdalena Kołaczkowska
    • Piotr Siondalski
    • Maciej Kowalik
    • Rafał Pęksa
    • Aldona Długa
    • Wacław Zając
    • Paulina Dederko
    • Ilona Kołodziejska
    • Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk
    • Izabela Sinkiewicz
    • Hanna Staroszczyk
    • Agata Sommer
    • Alicja Stanisławska
    • Marek Szkodo
    • Paulina Pałczyńska
    • Grzegorz Jabłoński
    • Andrzej Borman
    • Piotr Wilczek
    2019 Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

    Bionanocellulose (BNC) is a clear polymer produced by the bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus. In our current study, “Research on the use of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in regenerative medicine as a function of the biological implants in cardiac and vascular surgery”, we carried out material analysis, biochemical analysis, in vitro tests and in vivo animal model testing. In stage 1 of the project, we carried out physical and biological tests of BNC. This allowed us to modify subsequent samples of bacterial bionanocellulose. Finally, we obtained a sample that was accepted for testing on an animal model. That sample we define BNC1. Patches of BNC1 were then implanted into pigs' vessel walls. During the surgical procedures, we evaluated the technical aspects of sewing in the bioimplant, paying special attention to bleeding control and tightness of the suture line and the BNC1 bioimplant itself. We carried out studies evaluating the reaction of an animal body to an implantation of BNC1 into the circulatory system, including the general and local inflammatory reaction to the bioimplant. These studies allowed us to document the potential usefulness of BNC as a biological implant of the circulatory system and allowed for additional modifications of the BNC to improve the properties of this new implantable biological material.

  • Assessment of Thermal Stresses in Asphalt Mixtures at Low Temperatures Using the Tensile Creep Test and the Bending Beam Creep Test
    • Marek Pszczoła
    • Mariusz Jaczewski
    • Cezary Szydłowski
    2019 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel

    Thermal stresses are leading factors that influence low-temperature cracking behavior of asphalt pavements. During winter, when the temperature drops to significantly low values, tensile thermal stresses develop as a result of pavement contraction. Creep test methods can be suitable for the assessment of low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures. To evaluate the influence of creep test methods on the obtained low-temperature properties of asphaltmixtures, three point bending and uniaxial tensile creep tests were applied and the master curves of stiffness modulus were analyzed. On the basis of creep test results, rheological parameters describing elastic and viscous properties of the asphalt mixtures were determined. Thermal stresses were calculated and compared to the tensile strength of the material to obtain the failure temperature of the analyzed asphalt mixtures. It was noted that lower strain values of creep curves were obtained for the Tensile Creep Test (TCT) than for the Bending Beam Creep Test (BBCT), especially at lower temperatures. Results of thermal stress calculations indicated that higher reliability was obtained for the viscoelastic Monismith method based on the TCT results than for the simple quasi-elastic solution of Hills and Brien. The highest agreement with the TSRST results was also obtained for the Monismith method based on the TCT results. No clear relationships were noted between the predicted failure temperature and different methods of thermal stress calculations.

  • Asymmetrical-Slot Antenna with Enhanced Gain for Dual-Band Applications
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2019 Full text

    Dual-band operation is an important feature of antennas to be applied in modern communication systems. Although high gain of radiators is rarely of concern in urban areas with densely located broadcasting stations, it becomes crucial for systems operating in more remote environments. In this work, a dual-band antenna with enhanced bandwidth is proposed. The structure consists of a driven element in the form of an asymmetrical radiator/slot pair suspended over the ground plane. The antenna operates within 2.4 GHz to 3.2 GHz and 4.9 GHz to 6.4 GHz bands with the average gain of 9.7 dBi and 10.4 dBi, respectively. High performance of the structure is achieved through a rigorous two-stage numerical optimization. The antenna lower band covers the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio band which is widely utilized by WiFi, Bluetooth and other systems. The upper band covers all four ranges of the unlicensed national information infrastructure (U-NII) spectrum, applications of which include WiFi 5 GHz, or amateur radio. The proposed structure is compared with other dual-band structures with enhanced gain in terms of size and performance. The effect of the separation between the radiator and ground-plane on the antenna performance is also investigated.

  • Asynchronous WAM with Irregular Pulse Repetition
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    • Jacek Stefański
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF NAVIGATION

    Radiolocation systems for aviation based on Multi-Lateration (MLAT) typically use a set of synchronised ground sensors to receive radio signals broadcast by onboard transmitters. In most cases, the sensor synchronisation in Wide Area Multi-Lateration Systems (WAM) is provided by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. However, in the case of synchronisation failure, there is still a possibility to estimate the coordinates of the tracked aircraft by using the measurements of the time of arrival taken by non-synchronised sensors. The article presents the principle of operation and equations for calculating the coordinates of an aircraft in an asynchronous multi-lateration system, together with the results of a computer simulation allowing comparison of the accuracy of position estimation between the asynchronous and the typical, synchronous MLAT. This paper contains also some comments on the required stability of the clock source for the sensors working in an asynchronous MLAT system.

  • Automated Parameter Determination for Horizontal Curves for the Purposes of Road Safety Models with the Use of the Global Positioning System
    • Marcin Budzyński
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Jerzy Pyrchla
    • Wojciech Kustra
    • Adam Inglot
    • Krzysztof Pyrchla
    2019 Full text Geosciences

    This paper presents the results of research conducted to develop an automated system capable of determining parameters for horizontal curves. The system presented in this article could calculate the actual course of a road by means of a two-stage positioning of recorded points along the road. In the first stage, measurements were taken with a Real-Time Network (RTN) receiver installed in a research vehicle. In the second stage, pictures from three cameras, also installed in the vehicle, were analyzed in order to correct the accuracy of the location of the measurement points along the road. The RTN messages and the pictures from the cameras were sent to a mobile workstation which integrated the received signals in an ArcGIS (Esri) environment. The system provides a way to quickly accumulate highly accurate data on the actual geometric parameters of a road. The computer scripts developed by the authors on the basis of the acquired data could automatically determine the parameters of the horizontal curves. The solution was tested in the field and some comments on its advantages and disadvantages are presented in this paper. The automation of data acquisition with regards to the run of a road provides eective data input for mathematical models that include the eect of horizontal curve parameters on road safety. These could be used to implement more eective ways of improving road safety.

  • Automated Valuation Model based on fuzzy and rough set theory for real estate market with insufficient source data
    • Malgorzata Renigier-Biłozor
    • Artur Janowski
    • Maurizio D'Amato
    2019 LAND USE POLICY

    Objective monitoring of the real estate value is a requirement to maintain balance, increase security and minimize the risk of a crisis in the financial and economic sector of every country. The valuation of real estate is usually considered from two points of view, i.e. individual valuation and mass appraisal. It is commonly believed that Automated Valuation Models (AVM) should be devoted to mass appraisal, which requires a large size of databases (wider knowledge) and automated procedures. These models, however, have a wider spectrum of application. The main aim of the study is to elaborate on a decision-making algorithm in the form of an Automated Valuation Model that uses the assumptions of the decision-making theory and data mining technology (Rough Set Theory (RST) and Value Tolerance Relation (VTR) - Fuzzy logic). The algorithm gives the opportunity to obtain the value of real estate where, using “if...then...” rules, we can account for the possibility of a non-deterministic relationship between real estate variables. It is applied to a small dataset of commercial real estate properties in Italy and residential ones in Poland. The proposed solution is universal and may be used in any other domain with imprecise and vague data.

  • Automatic labeling of traffic sound recordings using autoencoder-derived features
    • Adam Kurowski
    • Szymon Zaporowski
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    2019

    An approach to detection of events occurring in road traffic using autoencoders is presented. Extensions of existing algorithms of acoustic road events detection employing Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients combined with classifiers based on k nearest neighbors, Support Vector Machines, and random forests are used. In our research, the acoustic signal gathered from the microphone placed near the road is split into frames and converted into a 2-dimensional form of Mel-cepstrogram. Next, the sequence of mel-cepstrograms is processed by the autoencoder neural network, which assigns a unique embedding to each of processed mel-cepstrograms. The embeddings may be treated as features which can be fed on the input of other machine learning-based classifiers. In our research, we prepared such an autoencoder and compared it with a standard solution of parameterization consisting of averaging MFCC throughout all the analyzed frames. Both types of features were then treated as an input for selected types classifiers. It was found, that parameters derived by the autoencoder neural network may be useful for improving the performance of classifiers in case of problematic classes such as detection of single and multiple vehicles passes.

  • AUTONOMOUS PLATFORM TO PROTECT MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
    • Eugeniusz Kozaczka
    • Grażyna Grelowska
    2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    Problems regarding the security of maritime infrastructure, especially harbours and offshore infrastructure, are currently a very hot topic. Due to these problems, there are some research projects in which the main goal is to decrease the gap and improve the methods of observation in the chosen area, for both in-air and underwater areas. The main goal of the paper is to show a new complex system for improving the security of the maritime infrastructure by means of many methods of observation – such as thermovision, optical devices, and radar systems – generally by means of an electromagnetic wave as a carrier of information in the air and acoustical methods in water. The system can be applied to the protection of maritime infrastructure as well as the coastal zone.

  • Badania diagnostyczne posadzki w Bazylice św. Mikołaja w Gdańsku
    • Magdalena Rucka
    • Erwin Wojtczak
    • Monika Zielińska
    • Jacek Lachowicz
    • Krzysztof Wilde
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2019

    Zmiany warunków otoczenia obiektów zabytkowych, do których można zaliczyć industrializację otoczenia, ruch pojazdów mechanicznych, zanieczyszczenie środowiska oraz okresowe zmiany poziomu wód gruntowych, mają niejednokrotnie negatywny wpływ na ich stan techniczny. W przypadku pojawienia się pierwszych oznak uszkodzeń elementów konstrukcyjnych lub wykończeniowych, ocena wpływu poszczególnych czynników jest utrudniona, w szczególności, gdy brak jest dokumentacji technicznej. Z tego typu sytuacją bardzo często można się zetknąć w przypadku obiektów zabytkowych, które ze względu wiek lub bezpośrednie sąsiedztwo zlokalizowane są w strefie objętej ochroną konserwatorską, a często również archeologiczną. Sklepienia ceglane należą do elementów konstrukcyjnych, które bardzo często były stosowane w wykonywaniu przekryć budynków, w szczególności obiektów o charakterze sakralnym. Oprócz walorów estetycznych charakteryzują się dużą nośnością. Działania związane z diagnostyką uszkodzeń sklepień ceglanych oraz, ewentualnie, z ich późniejszym wzmacnianiem jest niezwykle trudne z uwagi na ich zabytkowy charakter, co jest szczególnie zauważalne w monumentalnych obiektach kultu religijnego. Komplikacje wynikają głównie z braku bezpośredniego dostępu, konieczności wykonania rusztowań umożliwiających dostęp do wysoko zlokalizowanego sklepienia, a to z kolei wymaga szczegółowego rozpoznania stanu podłogi oraz podłoża gruntowego w miejscu docelowego posadowienia konstrukcji wsporczej (rusztowania). Artykuł stanowi studium przypadku diagnostyki podłogi oraz podłoża gruntowego pod podłogą w Bazylice św. Mikołaja w Gdańsku. W budowli tej zaobserwowano uszkodzenia sklepień ceglanych, w związku z czym konieczna okazała się ocena ich stanu technicznego. Punktem wyjścia było rozpoznanie nośności podłogi i podłoża gruntowego bezpośrednio pod podłogą w celu bezpiecznego montażu rusztowania, z którego miałyby być docelowo prowadzone prace o charakterze remontowo-konserwatorskim. W bazylice wykonana jest podłoga ułożona na gruncie, której posadzka wykonana jest z kamiennych, wielkoformatowych płyt nagrobnych. Celem opisanych w artykule badań diagnostycznych posadzki kościoła było poszukiwanie pustek powietrznych w konstrukcji podłogi. W pierwszym etapie wykonano badania odkrywkowe o charakterze niszczącym. Następnie przeprowadzono badania nieniszczące metodą georadarową. Jako uzupełnienie badań georadarowych, w wybranych miejscach zastosowano metodę ultradźwiękową.