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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Ciecze jonowe jako medium sorpcyjne w mikroekstrakcji do pojedynczej kropli Cz. I. Podstawy teoretyczne zagadnienia
    • Karolina Konieczna
    • Łukasz Marcinkowski
    • Adam Kloskowski
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2019 Analityka: Nauka i Praktyka

    Technika mikroekstrakcji do pojedynczej kropli stanowi sztandarowy przykład rozwiązania technicznego spełniającego wymogi stawiane przez ideę zielonej chemii analitycznej.

  • Ciecze jonowe jako medium sorpcyjne w mikroekstrakcji do pojedynczej kropli. Cz.II. Praktyka analityczna
    • Karolina Konieczna
    • Łukasz Marcinkowski
    • Adam Kloskowski
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2019 Analityka: Nauka i Praktyka

    Pomimo rosnącego zainteresowania metodami analitycznymi opartymi na użyciu cieczy jonowych ich sprzężenie wraz z techniką mikroekstrakcji do pojedynczej kropli nie osiągnęło zadowalającej popularności oraz akceptacji ze strony środowiska naukowego.

  • City walk: a didactic innovative experiment in architectural education
    • Justyna Borucka
    2019 Full text World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    Walking is an activity that involves studying physical space and requires careful observation to be immersed in the surrounding reality. City walks are popular ways of encountering an urban space, spatial relation, its history, and recognising the problems and needs of space users, as well as future development of the city. City walks also may be educationally p owerful: the exploration of certain city spaces and their associated narratives. The aim of this article is to present a city walk as an experimental tool in architectural education, in particular as a method of critical engagement with city problems and the needs of its users. City walks are an experiment, a method of studying spatial relations to raise the awareness of future architects and urban planners. The question arising from the researchconcerns the role that urban walks can play in creating the spatial and critical involvement of future architects and urban planners. The study was based on city walk experiments conducted by the Faculty of Architecture at Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Gdańsk, Poland, in collaboration with a number of partner.

  • CIVILIZING THE PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PRACTICE IN POST-TRANSITION COUNTRIES
    • Piotr Lorens
    2019 Full text IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

    The phenomenon of public participation is not so new to both planning theory and practice. In fact, involving local community in the decision-making process regarding local urban development directions is widely discussed and a number of various forms of these are being introduced. This paper deals with a number of

  • Clarke duality for Hamiltonian systems with nonstandard growth
    • S Acinas
    • Jakub Maksymiuk
    • F Mazzone
    2019 Full text NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS

    We consider the existence of periodic solutions to Hamiltonian systems with growth conditions involving G-function. We introduce the notion of symplectic G-function and provide relation for the growth of Hamiltonian in terms of certain constant CG associated to symplectic G-function G. We discuss an optimality of this constant for some special cases. We also provide applications to the Φ-laplacian type systems.

  • Classification of objects in the LIDAR point clouds using Deep Neural Networks based on the PointNet model
    • Zdzisław Kowalczuk
    • Karol Szymański
    2019 Full text IFAC-PapersOnLine

    This work attempts to meet the challenges associated with the classification of LIDAR point clouds by means of deep learning. In addition to achieving high accuracy, the designed system should allow the classification of point clouds covering an area of several dozen square kilometers within a reasonable time interval. Therefore, it must be characterized by fast processing and efficient use of memory. Thus, the most popular approaches to the point cloud classification using neural networks are discussed. At the same time, their shortcomings are indicated. A developed model based on the PointNet architecture is presented and the way of preparing data for classification is shown. The model is tested on a cloud coming from the 3D Semantic Labeling competition, achieving a good result, confirmed by the high quality of the system, i.e. a high rate of categorization of objects.

  • Classification of Urban Regeneration Participants as a Basis for Identification of Construction Investment's Risk Sources
    • Magdalena Apollo
    2019 Full text IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

    On the basis of the conducted research it can be concluded that the majority of the existing urban regeneration problems are revealed by the lack of an in-depth analysis of sources and risk factors. For the above reasons, the subject of this study is classification of urban regeneration's participants as a basis for identification of construction investment's risk sources. The research methodology is based on an in-depth analysis of the available documentation of four urban regeneration projects implemented in Gdańsk, which was confronted with the provisions of the Regeneration Act. The conducted analysis allowed to clearly classify the participants of urban regeneration process, also indicating its direct and indirect beneficiaries. As a consequence, the elaboration defines the responsibility of participants in the investment process, and at the same time allows to divide the risk between individual entities implementing activities covered by the intervention area. The observations described in the article also concern shortcomings in the documentation including, among others, lack of the definition of the required experience of design units depending on the nature of the construction works being carried out.

  • Clearing directed subgraphs by mobile agents
    • Dariusz Dereniowski
    • Andrzej Lingas
    • Dorota Osula
    • Mia Persson
    • Paweł Żyliński
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AND SYSTEM SCIENCES

    We study several problems of clearing subgraphs by mobile agents in digraphs. The agents can move only along directed walks of a digraph and, depending on the variant, their initial positions may be pre-specified. In general, for a given subset S of vertices of a digraph D and a positive integer k, the objective is to determine whether there is a subgraph H=(V,A) of D such that (a) S is a subset of V, (b) H is the union of k directed walks in D, and (c) the underlying graph of H includes a Steiner tree for S in D. Since a directed walk is a not necessarily a simple directed path, the problem is actually on covering with paths. We provide several results on the polynomial time tractability, hardness, and parameterized complexity of the problem. Our main fixed-parameter algorithm is randomized.

  • Client-side versus server-side geographic data processing performance comparison: Data and code
    • Marcin Kulawiak
    2019 Full text Data in Brief

    The data and code presented in this article are related to the research article entitled “Analysis of Server-side and Client-side Web-GIS data processing methods on the example of JTS and JSTS using open data from OSM and Geoportal” (Kulawiak et al., 2019). The provided 12 datasets include multi-point and multi-polygon data of different scales and volumes, representing real-world geographic features. The datasets cover the area of Tricity in northern Poland as well as Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea. They have been converted to a common Spherical Mercator projection coordinate system (EPSG:3857) and consist of vector features without attributes. They are provided in the form of single GeoJSON files containing multi-feature objects which can be processed by client-side as well as server-side algorithms in a single request. The provided javascript code exemplifies the application of those datasets for measurement of client-side and server-side geoprocessing performance by using algorithms implemented as part of Java Topology Suite (JTS) and Javascript Topology Suite (JSTS). The combination of data and code samples constitutes a universal benchmark for investigative analysis of geographic data processing algorithms and their implementations in different software system architectures.

  • Combination of air-dispersion cathode with sacrificial iron anode generating Fe2+Fe3+2O4 nanostructures to degrade paracetamol under ultrasonic irradiation
    • Reza Mirzaee
    • Reza Darvishi
    • Alireza Khataee
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    In the present study, ultrasound (US) was coupled with an electrochemical process (ECP) consisting of a novel cathode of carbon cloth (CC)-carbon black (CB) as the nano-composite air-dispersion cathode (NADC) for the degradation of paracetamol (APAP) in an aquatic medium. The NADC favored in situ production of H2O2 by the cathodic reduction. The implementation of iron sacrificial anode instead of dimensionally stable anodes resulted in the generation of Fe2+Fe3+2O4 nanostructures in the solution. The Fe2+Fe3+2O4 nanostructures were activated by means of both US and H2O2 to produce more OH in the aqueous solution. In addition, the utilization of US caused the conversion of H2O2 to OH irrespective of free oxidizing radicals generated through cavitation phenomenon. The hybrid method based on coupling US and NADC-ECP in the presence of Fe2+Fe3+2O4 nanostructures proved synergism (39.8%) allowing to effective decomposition of APAP. The pulse mode of US enhanced the degradation efficiency of APAP as compared to the sweep and normal modes. The intermediates of the degradation route were identified using GC–MS analysis as well as mineralization efficiency. The toxicity assay was also performed based on the inhibition test using activated sludge of a biological wastewater treatment plant.

  • Combined Close Range Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Ship Hull Modelling
    • Paweł Burdziakowski
    • Paweł Tysiąc
    2019 Full text Geosciences

    The paper addresses the fields of combined close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning in the light of ship modelling. The authors pointed out precision and measurement accuracy due to their possible complex application for ship hulls inventories. Due to prescribed vitality of every ship structure, it is crucial to prepare documentation to support the vessel processes. The presented methods are directed, combined photogrammetric techniques in ship hull inventory due to submarines. The class of photogrammetry techniques based on high quality photos are supposed to be relevant techniques of the inventories’ purpose. An innovative approach combines these methods with Terrestrial Laser Scanning. The process stages of data acquisition, post-processing, and result analysis are presented and discussed due to market requirements. Advantages and disadvantages of the applied methods are presented.

  • Combining Road Network Data from OpenStreetMap with an Authoritative Database
    • Grzegorz Szwoch
    2019 Full text Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems

    Computer modeling of road networks requires detailed and up-to-date dataset. This paper proposes a method of combining authoritative databases with OpenStreetMap (OSM) system. The complete route is established by finding paths in the graph constructed from partial data obtained from OSM. In order to correlate data from both sources, a method of coordinate conversion is proposed. The algorithm queries road data from OSM and provides means of locating any point on the route in both datasets. A method of calculating the distance of any route point from the origin, and conversion between the distance and geographic coordinates, is described. Next, the location of any route point in the authoritative database is converted to the calculated route distance, which establishes a relation between the two data sources. Additionally, a method of estimating road curvature is proposed. The algorithm is validated in series of experiments. The proposed algorithm may be beneficial for researchers who collect datasets needed for computer simulations, e.g. for evaluation of optimal speed limits, and it shows usefulness of OSM in transportation related research.

  • Communication and Documentation Practices in Agile Requirements Engineering: A Survey in Polish Software Industry
    • Aleksander Jarzębowicz
    • Natalia Sitko
    2019 Full text Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

    Requirements engineering, system analysis and other analytical activities form the basis of every IT project. Such activities are not clearly defined in Agile development methods, but it does not mean that they are absent in an agile project. The aim of our work was to determine which practices related to requirements-related communication and which requirements documenting techniques are used in agile software projects. For this reason we carried out a survey study targeting agile practitioners from Polish IT industry. The paper presents survey results, discusses the noticed differences with respect to the general Agile values and principles and provides a comparison to results of similar studies described in the related work. The main observation about communication practices is that frequent, face to face communication is the most common, but many respondents also declare use of other, remote communication means or exchanging SRS documents. The investigation of requirements documentation techniques revealed differences between the techniques used while describing requirements for developers and those used to elicit requirements from stakeholders and to comprehend them.

  • Comparative analysis of earthships and conventional buildings in terms of investment and operating costs
    • Dominika Grubba
    2019

    The aim of the master's thesis is to present the idea of earthships and compare them with conventional buildings in terms of investment and operating costs. Earthships are buildings erected from tires and other wastes whose characteristic feature is their self-sufficiency. The first part of the master's thesis is to discuss the basic issues related to the earthship building. The beginnings of tire homes and their development are discussed, as well as six elements on which their concept is based: material recycling, solar heating / thermal mass, electricity, water extraction, wastewater treatment and food production. There are also described the next stages of building the earthship, as well as examples from Europe and the world. The second part of the master thesis concerns the comparative analysis of earthships and conventional buildings. The costs of construction of both types of buildings and the costs of use related to heating of houses, use of water and electricity were given. After calculations, it can be observed that investment costs are comparable in both cases. Exploitation, in turn, is definitely cheaper in earthships. If it were not for problems with building regulations and the non-universality of the Reynold’s global model, there would surely be more earthships around the world.

  • COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FERRITE SHIELDING DESIGNS IN INDUCTIVE POWER TRANSFER SYSTEMS
    • Bohdan Pakhaliuk
    • Paweł Derkacz
    2019

    Wireless power transfer technology is becoming widespread in last few years. In comparison to conventional solutions this technology can significantly increase maintainability and safety of charging systems. From the other side there are list of factors that limit efficiency of wireless systems. One of them is low coupling between coils caused by comparably high leakage inductance in comparison to regular transformer.

  • Comparative Evaluation of Multicoil Inductive Power Transfer Approaches Based on Z-source Network
    • Bohdan Pakhaliuk
    • Oleksandr Husev
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Viktor Shevchenko
    • Khomenko Maksym
    2019

    This paper describes comparative evaluation between wireless power transfer topologies with utilization of Z-source network. Paper describes components calculation method. List of open-loop, close-loop simulations were conducted to compare both topologies. Spectrum of signals is also researched.

  • Comparative Evaluation of Selected Biological Methods for the Removal of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Odorous VOCs from Air
    • Milena Gospodarek
    • Piotr Rybarczyk
    • Bartosz Szulczyński
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2019 Full text Processes

    Due to increasingly stringent legal regulations as well as increasing social awareness, the removal of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air is gaining importance. This paper presents the strategy to compare selected biological methods intended for the removal of different air pollutants, especially of odorous character. Biofiltration, biotrickling filtration and bioscrubbing technologies are evaluated in terms of their suitability for the effective removal of either hydrophilic or hydrophobic VOCs as well as typical inorganic odorous compounds. A pairwise comparison model was used to assess the performance of selected biological processes of air treatment. Process efficiency, economic, technical and environmental aspects of the treatment methods are taken into consideration. The results of the calculations reveal that biotrickling filtration is the most efficient method for the removal of hydrophilic VOCs while biofilters enable the most efficient removal of hydrophobic VOCs. Additionally, a simple approach for preliminary method selection based on a decision tree is proposed. The presented evaluation strategies may be especially helpful when considering the treatment strategy for air polluted with various types of odorous compounds.

  • Comparative Greenness Evaluation
    • Marta Bystrzanowska
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    • Marek Tobiszewski
    2019

    Greenness of analytical procedure is multivariable aspect as many greenness criteria should be taken into consideration. On the other hand, modern analytical chemistry offers dozens of analytical procedures, based on different sample preparation and final determination techniques that are used for the determination of a given analyte in a given matrix. For such complex decision-making processes, multi-criteria decision analysis tools are applied as a systematic approach to deal with complex decisions. Multi-criteria decision analysis can be treated as green analytical chemistry comparative metric tool if criteria of assessment describe procedures greenness. In this contribution, we present the results of ranking of seven analytical procedures that are used for the determination of benzo[a]pyrene in smoked food products. The results of TOPSIS, AHP, PROMETHEE application indicate that the first rank is scored by microwave-assisted extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorometric detection, indicating this procedure as the greenest alternative. The contribution describes a step-by-step approach to the application of three multi-criteria decision analysis tools as green analytical chemistry metrics systems.

  • Comparative Study of Balancing SRT by Using Modified ASM2d in Control and Operation Strategy at Full-Scale WWTP
    • Jakub Drewnowski
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Aleksandra Szaja
    • Grzegorz Łagód
    • Łukasz Kopeć
    • José Alonso Aguilar
    2019 Full text Water

    Detailed knowledge on the composition of the influent going into the wastewater treatment system is essential for the development of a reliable computer model. In the context of WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants), the wastewater characteristics are not only important for activated sludge system modelling, but also have an impact on the appropriate control of single unit operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concepts of COD (chemical oxygen demand) fractionation measurement in municipal wastewater with a respirometric method in control, and modelling the biological treatment processes at WWTP using the modified Activated Sludge Model no. 2d (ASM2d) developed by Drewnowski and Makinia. The batch OUR (oxygen uptake rate) test results and COD measurements obtained at BNR plant (96,000 m3/d) in Gdansk (Poland), were compared and evaluated with the main BNR (biological nutrient removal) WWTP (144,000 m3/d) located in Malaga (Spain). Respirometric tests and COD fractionation provided the experimental database for the comparison of the wastewater characteristics and model predictions at both large WWTPs. Some parameters, such as the heterotrophic growth yield (YH) coefficient, required calibration/validation of the range (YH = 0.64 and 0.74 gCOD/gCOD for Gda´nsk and Malaga WWTP, respectively) to fit the modified ASM2d. The crucial issue when dealing with the newly developed model and proposed wastewater characterization for both study plants were extremely low and high values of the XS/XI ratio, which can be used to control full-scale WWTP and balance the solid retention time (SRT) in activated sludge systems.

  • Comparative Study of Iranian Nomadic Housing
    • Najmeh Hassas
    • Justyna Borucka
    2019 Full text ISVS e-journal

    The purpose of this paper is to present the typical domestic space and to describe and analyze a particular temporary architecture (nomadic house) in order to perceive the exceptional nomadic culture and the architecture associated with it. The research investigates some of the nomadic tribes of Iran and their living space: including the nomadic home (Black Tent) and, uses those findings to analyze their unique culture. The research is a comparative study of the nomadic housing of Iranian tribes. Rediscovering different architecture of nomadic people who need migration between their summer and winter residences, who need places for their livestock and therefore who need different methods of living helps to understand this particular modus vivendi. In this regard, documenting how Iranian tribes can arrange and design their homes seems to be a good method for the preservation of this culture

  • Comparative study on the effectiveness of various types of road traffic intensity detectors
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    • Andrzej Sroczynski
    • Tomasz Smialkowski
    • Piotr Hoffmann
    • Sebastian Cygert
    • Grzegorz Szwoch
    • Józef Kotus
    • Dawid Weber
    • Maciej Szczodrak
    • Damian Koszewski
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Wojciech Kustra
    2019

    Vehicle detection and speed measurements are crucial tasks in traffic monitoring systems. In this work, we focus on several types of electronic sensors, operating on different physical principles in order to compare their effectiveness in real traffic conditions. Commercial solutions are based on road tubes, microwave sensors, LiDARs, and video cameras. Distributed traffic monitoring systems require a high number of monitoring stations. In order to improve the accuracy of traffic monitoring, several modalities, complementing each other, may be used in the monitoring stations. In this paper, we propose a multimodal approach to traffic monitoring, using sensors and signal processing algorithms developed specifically for the described task. The aim of the work described here is to test each modality in a real-life scenario, assess their accuracy and to evaluate their usefulness for multimodal traffic monitoring stations. The modalities described in the paper are: Doppler sensor with custom signal processing, video analysis based on cameras and neural networks (employing deep learning algorithms), audio monitoring based on an acoustic vector sensor developed by the authors, as well as LiDAR and Bluetooth as supplementary means of traffic monitoring. Additionally, road tubes and a commercial video-based monitoring system were used in order to provide reference data. Consequently, we can present in this paper a comparative study on the effectiveness of traffic sensors operating based on different principles of work.

  • Comparison of AHP and Numerical Taxonomy Methods Based on Biogas Plant Location Analysis
    • Alicja Stoltmann
    • Paweł Bućko
    2019 Full text Acta Energetica

    The paper presents a comparison of the multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and numerical taxonomy in biogas plant location selection. Biogas plants are sources that will significantly contribute to the implementation of the provisions of the energy and climate package for Poland by 2030. Increasing the share of energy produced from renewable sources, e.g. biogas plants, will increase the country’s energy security. Biogas plants obtain energy from biogas of various origins. Therefore, biogas plant location choice depends on such factors as environmental impact, biogas availability and origin, technological aspects, and possible output energy use. The multitude of these factors makes the biogas plant location choice a multithreaded issue. The AHP is a highly sophisticated mathematical method. Its advantage is the ability to compare countable and uncountable factors with each other. The analysis outcome is a vector containing the ranking of considered variants. The numerical taxonomy is a much less complex method. It consists in determining the tested solutions’ distances from a hypothetical ideal solution, the so-called standard, in effect creating their ranking. The methods were compared in terms of sensitivity to change of decision options and criteria, decision-makers’ and experts’ involvement level, as well as computational complexity.

  • Comparison of anti-plane surface waves in strain-gradient materials and materials with surface stresses
    • Victor Eremeev
    • Giuseppe Rosi
    • Salah Naili
    2019 Full text MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS

    Here we discuss the similarities and differences in anti-plane surface wave propagation in an elastic half-space within the framework of the theories of Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity and Toupin–Mindlin strain-gradient elasticity. The qualitative behaviour of the dispersion curves and the decay of the obtained solutions are quite similar. On the other hand, we show that the solutions relating to the surface elasticity model are more localised near the free surface. For the strain-gradient elasticity model there is a range of wavenumbers where the amplitude of displacements decays very slowly.

  • Comparison of Compact Reduced Basis Method with Different Model Order Reduction Techniques
    • Damian Szypulski
    • Grzegorz Fotyga
    • Valentin De La Rubia
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2019

    Different strategies suitable to compare the performance of different model order reduction techniques for fast frequency sweep in finite element analysis in Electromagnetics are proposed and studied in this work. A Frobenius norm error measure is used to describe how good job a reduced-order model is doing with respect to the true system response. In addition, the transfer function correct behavior is monitored by studying the convergence of the poles and zeros of the reduced-order system. The results of this comparison are detailed in two microwave filter structures.

  • Comparison of Different Measurement Techniques as Methodology for Surveying and Monitoring Stainless Steel Chimneys
    • Karol Daliga
    • Zygmunt Kurałowicz
    2019 Full text Geosciences

    The measurement of a chimney axis is an engineering geodesy task. These measurements allow to assess the technical condition of chimneys and are usually carried out for reinforced concrete chimneys. When measuring high chimneys, the main problem may be the need to go a long distance to take a measurement. The surface of the chimney can also be problematic because it can absorb so much light from the range finder that total station reflectorless measurement or laser scanning will not be possible or will be affected by significant error. Chimneys made of stainless steel are also used today. They are not as high as reinforced concrete chimneys, but measuring them using reflectorless total stations or laser scanning can also be problematic. Problems arise from the reflective surface of these chimneys. The article presents a comparison of measurement results of a stainless steel chimney fragment obtained from total station measurement and laser scanning. Similarities and differences in the obtained axis of this chimney fragment are presented.

  • Comparison of GC–MS and MEKC methods for caffeine determination in preworkout supplements
    • Emilia Waraksa
    • Andrzej Pokrywka
    • Marek Konop
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Ewa Kłodzińska
    2019 ELECTROPHORESIS

    In this study, GC–MS- and MEKC-based methods for determination of caffeine (CAF) in preworkout supplements were developed and validated. The proposed protocols utilized minimal sample preparation (simple dilution and syringe filtration). The developed methods achieved satisfactory validation parameters, i.e. good linearity (R2 0.9988 and R2 0.9985 for GC–MS- and MEKC-based method, respectively), satisfactory intraand interaccuracy (within 92.6–100.7% for method utilizing GC–MS and 92.1–110.3% for protocol based on MEKC) and precision (CV 15.9% and CV 6.3% for GC– MS- and MEKC-based method, respectively) and recovery (within 100.1–100.8% for method utilizing GC–MS and 101.5–106.2% for protocol based on MEKC). The LOD was 0.03 and 3 g/mL formethod utilizing GC–MS andMEKC, respectively. The CAF concentrations determined by GC–MS- and MEKC-based methods were found to be in the range of 8.53–11.23 and 8.20–11.61 g/mL, respectively. Taking into consideration information on the labels, the investigated supplements were found to contain from 110.0 to 167.3% of the declared CAF content, which confirmed the literature reports on incompatibility of the declared product compositions with real ones. Nevertheless, the consumption of examined supplements as recommended by producers did not lead to exceeding the CAF safe limit of 400 mg per day. Additionally, the MEKC-based method allowed for detection and identification of vitamin B3 and B6 in all of the investigated supplement samples, which demonstrated that MEKC-based protocols may be an appropriate assays for simultaneous determination of CAF and vitamins.

  • Comparison of Lithuanian and Polish Consonant Phonemes Based on Acoustic Analysis – Preliminary Results
    • Grazina Korvel
    • Olga Kurasova
    • Bożena Kostek
    2019 Full text Archives of Acoustics

    The goal of this research is to find a set of acoustic parameters that are related to differences between Polish and Lithuanian language consonants. In order to identify these differences, an acoustic analysis is performed, and the phoneme sounds are described as the vectors of acoustic parameters. Parameters known from the speech domain as well as those from the music information retrieval area are employed. These parameters are time- and frequency-domain descriptors. English language as an auxiliary language is used in the experiments. In the first part of the experiments, an analysis of Lithuanian and Polish language samples is carried out, features are extracted, and the most discriminating ones are determined. In the second part of the experiments, automatic classification of Lithuanian/English, Polish/English, and Lithuanian/Polish phonemes is performed.

  • Comparison of pavement noise properties on selected road sections using different CPX measuring systems: self-powered vehicle and special test trailer
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    • Wojciech Sorociak,
    2019 Full text

    The recently published ISO standard intended to measure the noise properties of road surfaces in a standardized method (ISO 11819-2:2017) precisely defines measurement procedure of the influence of road surface on traffic noise. According to it, two types of test vehicles may be utilized: a self-powered vehicle fitted with one or more test tyres and a trailer towed by a separate vehicle with one or more test tyres mounted on the trailer. The microphones are located in the close-proximity of the test tyre in strictly defined positions. Round Robin Test using both types of test vehicles was carried out in Poland. The objective was the comparison of noise properties of selected pavements in terms of noise levels obtained when using different CPX measuring systems and to determine if pavement ranking regarding the noise properties is the same. Twelve road sections of six different wearing course mixes were selected for this purpose. Measurements were performed by two independent teams operating two different CPX measuring systems equipped with different test tyres. The RRT results show significant differences in CPX noise levels ranging from –0.9 to +2.3 dB. The pavement ranking is generally the same with some exceptions for less noisy road surfaces.

  • Comparison of Properties of the Hybrid and Bilayer MWCNTs—Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Ti Alloy
    • Beata Majkowska-Marzec
    • Rogala-Wielgus Dorota
    • Michał Bartmański
    • Bartosewicz Bartosz
    • Andrzej Zieliński
    2019 Full text Coatings

    Carbon nanotubes are proposed for reinforcement of the hydroxyapatite coatings to improve their adhesion, resistance to mechanical loads, biocompatibility, bioactivity, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial protection. So far, research has shown that all these properties are highly susceptible to the composition and microstructure of coatings. The present research is aimed at studies of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in three different combinations: multi-wall carbon nanotubes layer, bilayer coating composed of multi-wall carbon nanotubes deposited on nanohydroxyapatite deposit, and hybrid coating comprised of simultaneously deposited nanohydroxyapatite, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, nanosilver, and nanocopper. The electrophoretic deposition method was applied for the fabrication of the coatings. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray electron diffraction spectroscopy, and measurements of water contact angle were applied to study the chemical and phase composition, roughness, adhesion strength and wettability of the coatings. The results show that the pure multiwall carbon nanotubes layer possesses the best adhesion strength, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Such behavior may be attributed to the applied deposition method, resulting in the high hardness of the coating and high adhesion of carbon nanotubes to the substrate. On the other hand, bilayer coating, and hybrid coating demonstrated insufficient properties, which could be the reason for the presence of soft porous hydroxyapatite and some agglomerates of nanometals in prepared coatings.

  • Comparison of properties of the new electro-mechanical model and circumferential model of the inductive-dynamic drive
    • Piotr Jankowski
    • Mirosław Wołoszyn
    2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS

    The article presents a new electromechanical model of inductive-dynamic drive. The model is implemented in two environments: Maxwell for analyzing electrodynamic phenomena including moving of the disc and Ansys which allows for stress analysis on the basis of the volume forces imported from Maxwell. Additionally, a model validation by comparing with the existing circumferential model was carried out.

  • Comparison of Redox Properties of Flavonoid Aglycones and Corresponding Glycosides and Their Mixtures in the Cellular Model
    • Zuzanna Koziara
    • Monika Baranowska
    • Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2019 Full text Proceedings

    Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds commonly found in plants. As dietary components, they have been shown to exhibit numerous pro-health properties that are believed to be associated with their antioxidant effects. In this study, the antioxidant activity of four flavonoid compounds was determined by cellular antioxidant activity assay using HT29 cells as a model of the alimentary tract. The strongest impact on cellular redox status was observed for aglycones which acted as both antioxidants (quercetin) and prooxidants (naringenin). Interestingly, mixtures of tested compounds displayed only antioxidative properties.

  • Comparison of Surface Quality and Tool-Life of Glulam Window Elements after Planing
    • Michał Dobrzyński
    • Kazimierz Orłowski
    • Michał Biskup
    2019 Full text Drvna Industrija

    The quality of the surface of wooden elements, that have been planed, has a crucial importance in the whole production process, since the obtained effects affect the quality of wooden surface after fi nishing (painting). The occurrence of defects is usually the reason for qualifying a workpiece as scrap or for requiring additional work. This paper presents the selected results of research of the effect of the cutting tool wear on the surface quality of elements after planing. Research experiments were conducted on the SCM Superset Class machine tool. Glulam elements of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) were researched. The raw material samples (semi-fi nished products), 6 m long before planing, had been machined by suppliers also by planing. These workpieces were selected according to the plant requirements, e.g. their moisture content, straightness, and other defects. This paper presents the measuring results of surface roughness and some examples of surface profi les, as well as the dependence of total length of the planed elements on the type of blade material. From an economic point of view, the results showed that the use of solid carbide blades were more cost effective.

  • Comparison of technology adoption models
    • Agnieszka Landowska
    2019

    There are several technology adoption models, that try to explain, how and why the technologies are adopted and used. Among those, that are widely used to explain, how the older adults accept technologies, there are some general models and models specific to the group of older users. Among the general ones I would recommend paying attention to the following models: Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) proposed by Davis (Davis, 1989), Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM2), Extended (contextual) Technolo-gy Acceptance Model (TAM3) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT). Among the ones specific for the group of older users there are: Senior TechnologyAcceptance Model (STAM), Extended Technology Acceptance Model for the Elderly (ETA-ME), Model of Technology Adoption by Older Adults (MATOA) and Elderadopt. The models were identified with the literature review held by SHELD-ON participants (Sheld-on, 2019). This paper provides a brief comparison of the models.

  • Comparison of the effectiveness of automatic EEG signal class separation algorithms
    • Adam Kurowski
    • Katarzyna Mrozik
    • Bożena Kostek
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS

    In this paper, an algorithm for automatic brain activity class identification of EEG (electroencephalographic) signals is presented. EEG signals are gathered from seventeen subjects performing one of the three tasks: resting, watching a music video and playing a simple logic game. The methodology applied consists of several steps, namely: signal acquisition, signal processing utilizing z-score normalization, parametrization and activity classification. The EEG signal is acquired from a headset containing 14 electrodes. For the parametrization two methods are used, namely, DiscreteWavelet Transform (DWT) employed as a reference parametrization technique and autoencoder neural network. Parameters obtained with those methods are fed to the input of classifiers which assigned them to one of three activity classes. Then, the effectiveness of the assignment of the frames of EEG data into appropriate classes is observed and compared. Results obtained using both methods show differences in accuracy with regard to the task detected depending on factors such as type of parametrization or complexity of the classifier employed for EEG activity classification.

  • Comparison of the paracetamol electrochemical determination using boron-doped diamond electrode and boron-doped carbon nanowalls
    • Paweł Niedziałkowski
    • Zofia Celuba
    • Natalia Malinowska
    • Wioleta Białobrzeska
    • Michał Sobaszek
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    • Jacek Sein Anand
    • Tadeusz Ossowski
    2019 Full text BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS

    Two different type of electrodes, boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) and boron-doped carbon nanowalls (B:CNW) electrode, were used for the electrochemical determination of paracetamol using the cyclic voltammetry and the differential pulse voltammetry in phosphate buffered saline, pH = 7.0. The main advantage of these electrodes is their utilization without any additional modification of the electrode surface. The peak current was linearly related to the concentration of paracetamol in the range from 0.065 µM to 32 µM for BDD electrode and from 0.032 µM to 32 µM for B:CNW electrode. The limit of detection was 0.430 µM and 0.281 µM for BDD and B:CNW electrode, respectively. Additionally, we studied the effect of pH on the redox reaction of paracetamol at the both electrodes in Britton-Robinson buffer solution in the range of pH 3.0–12.0, indicating the pH 7.0 value as the most suitable for the current experiments. The studies also included the various scan rates in range of 50–500 mV/s. Finally, our team selected the B:CNW electrode for the determination of paracetamol in the artificial urine sample using differential pulse voltammetry method, obtaining the calculated limit of detection on the level of 0.08006 µM.

  • Compensation Topologies in IPT Systems: Standards, Requirements, Classification, Analysis, Comparison and Application
    • Viktor Shevchenko
    • Oleksandr Husev
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Bohdan Pakhaliuk
    • Nikolai Poliakov
    • Natalia Strzelecka
    2019 Full text IEEE Access

    Wireless power transfer devices are becoming more relevant and widespread. Therefore, an article is devoted to a review, analysis and comparison of compensation topologies for an inductive power transfer. A new classification of topologies is developed. A lot of attention is paid to the problems of the physical fundamentals of compensation work, standards, safety, and five main topology requirements. It is determined, that topologies with the series primary compensating are the most effective in the IPT for charging devices among the four classical schemes. The series-parallel solution is recommended in case of the low output voltage, minimum size of a secondary side coil is achievable. The series-series solution does not depend on the magnetic coupling coefficient and the load on the resonance frequency. For the convenience of displaying and understanding the information, the comparison results are listed in the tables, graphs and dependencies. The main suitable topologies for a certain application are defined. The given conclusions provide a “one-stop” information source and a selection guide on the application of compensation topologies both in terms of devices and in terms of power level that is the main value of this paper. During literature analysis and recent trends in the market for wireless power transmission devices, the main possible further ways of developing topologies are underlined. First of all, it concerns increasing the frequency of resonance of compensation topologies, the use of multilevel / multi-pulse / multicoils structures, the study of existing high-frequency semiconductors and the development of the semiconductor and magnetic materials.

  • Compressed Projection Bases for Model-Order Reduction of Multiport Microwave Components Using FEM
    • Martyna Mul
    • Damian Szypulski
    • Grzegorz Fotyga
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2019 Full text

    This paper presents a projection basis compression technique for generating compact reduced-order models (ROM) in the FE analysis of microwave devices. In this approach redundancy is removed from the projection basis by means of the proper orthogonal decomposition technique applied to the projected system of linear equations. Compression allows for keeping the size of a reduced-order model as small as possible without compromising ROM’s accuracy. Effectiveness of the basis compression technique, including memory and time consumption as well as the size of the resultant ROM, are discussed for both global and local model-order reduction schemes.

  • Computational collective intelligence for enterprise information systems
    • Ngoc-Thanh Nguyen
    • Dosam Hwang
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2019 Enterprise Information Systems

    Collective intelligence is most often understood as a kind of intelligence which arises on the basis of a group (collective) of autonomous unites (people, systems) which is taskoriented. There are two important aspects of an intelligent collective: The cooperation aspect and the competition aspect (Levy 1997). The first of them means the possibility for integrating the decisions made by the collective members for creating the decision of the collective as a whole. The second aspect, on the other hand, states the diversity of the collective members. It has been proved that for prediction market tasks, these two aspects have an important impact on the collective prediction accuracy. This means, in the general case, that owing to manipulating them one can achieve a given level of intelligence for a collective (Maleszka and Nguyen 2015; Nguyen and Nguyen 2018).

  • Computational Fluid Dynamic study on the wind characteristics of a multifunctional building system model in developed coastal cities
    • Mateusz Gerigk
    • Jacek Jachowski
    2019 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

    This paper presents an approach for providing innovative technology by applying fluid mechanics to the field of architectural design. The aim is to make a building’s shape profitable and strengthen environmental protection by using the wind force to create an integrated wind absorption definition for a multifunctional building system model. Furthermore, taking control of the wind flow over an object can have an impact on not only the designed object itself but also on its surroundings. In modern coastal cities there are issues associated with the wind and ventilation that need to be solved. The presented system model and the calculations conducted are part of the new definition of a multifunctional object and the wind force as a significant subsystem. Systematizing this scope can be useful in design practice.

  • Computationally Effcient Solution of a 2D Diffusive Wave Equation Used for Flood Inundation Problems
    • Wojciech Artichowicz
    • Dariusz Gąsiorowski
    2019 Full text Water

    This paper presents a study dealing with increasing the computational efficiency in modeling floodplain inundation using a two-dimensional diffusive wave equation. To this end, the domain decomposition technique was used. The resulting one-dimensional diffusion equations were approximated in space with the modified finite element scheme, whereas time integration was carried out using the implicit two-level scheme. The proposed algorithm of the solution minimizes the numerical errors and is unconditionally stable. Consequently, it is possible to perform computations with a significantly greater time step than in the case of the explicit scheme. An additional efficiency improvement was achieved using the symmetry of the tridiagonal matrix of the arising system of nonlinear equations, due to the application of the parallelization strategy. The computational experiments showed that the proposed parallel implementation of the implicit scheme is very effective, at about two orders of magnitude with regard to computational time, in comparison with the explicit one.

  • Concentration levels of selected analytes in the gas phase of an e-cigarette aerosol
    • Justyna Aszyk
    • Mateusz Kacper Woźniak
    • Paweł Kubica
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    • Andrzej Wasik
    2019 Full text MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    The aerosols generated from e-cigarettes are composed of liquid and gas phases resulting from vapourized e-liquid. The apportioning of substances from e-liquid into the liquid and gas phases during e-cigarette use has not been extensively studied. Partitioning of e-liquid components between the gas and the liquid phase of the aerosol influences the substances inhaled and exhaled by the users, leading to second-hand exposure. It seems important to determine which compounds and how much of them are transferred into the gas phase and may immediately enter the bloodstream. For this purpose, a method based on thermal desorption followed by gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) in electron ionization mode was developed. As in a previous study, an automatic generator of an aerosol from an e-cigarette with a collection tube filled with melt-blown non-woven fabric discs and equipped with Tenax TA sorption tubes was used. The melt-blown non-woven fabric is designed to capture liquid phase compounds, while sorption tubes are meant to sorb compounds in the gas phase of the aerosol. To control the e-liquid mass changes before and after a puff session, quantitation based on the mass change tracking approach (MCT) was applied. Accuracy of the developed method ranged between 91% and 110% regardless of the spiking level, with precision and reproducibility better than 10%. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.015 to 0.076 ng of substance emitted/mg of consumed e-liquid, while limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.045 to 0.23 ng of substance emitted/mg of consumed e-liquid. Most of the compounds are deposited in the liquid phase of the aerosol, while only trace levels of some substances may be observed in an actual, non-condensed gas phase.

  • Concentrations and loads of DOC, phenols and aldehydes in a proglacial arctic river in relation to hydro-meteorological conditions. A case study from the southern margin of the Bellsund Fjord – SW Spitsbergen
    • Sara Lehmann-Konera
    • Waldemar Kociuba
    • Stanisław Chmiel
    • Łukasz Franczak
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2019 CATENA

    Climate warming accelerates the melting and thawing of cryosphere components. Therefore, it favours the release of contaminants stored in High-Arctic glaciers for many years. The rate of land-based glacier retreat is of particular importance for the hydrological regime of glacial rivers, but also for the chemical composition of their waters. In this study, we examined 84 surface water samples collected during a period of 42 days (melt season 2012) from the Scott River of glacial-hydrological regime (NW Wedel-Jarlsberg Land). The studies of Scott River hydro-meteorological conditions provided indication on the relation between mean air temperatures (T) and mean daily discharge (Q) (r = 0.67). Moreover, they confirmed the role of short-term meteorological events (increasing of air temperature and heavy precipitation) on the acceleration of glacier melt. In this context, the study also demonstrated incidents of the release of a more concentrated pulse of chemical compounds delivered by the Scottbreen valley glacier. The analysis covered fluctuations of physicochemical parameters, and presence of selected organic pollutants (∑phenols, formaldehyde (HCHO)). Based on the correlation matrix analysis, it was found that fluctuations of physicochemical indices (pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) were related to changes in T and Q. Principal components analysis (PCA)permitted us to distinguish two principal components (hydro-meteorological and biogeochemical conditions) responsible for 71.1% of the total hydrochemical variation. In terms of the first principal component, it was found that there was a relationship with the intensified ablation of glacier ice and with the second one, the influence of geological and biological conditions of the environment on the chemistry of the river. The combination of these factors directly shaped the hydrochemistry of the proglacial river during the melt season of 2012. The results of organic compound loads, which are presented in this paper provide unique information about the transport of contaminants such as: (DOC) (9.41–579 mgC s−1), ∑phenols (19.7–534 mg s−1), HCHO (34.0–82.3 mg s−1)) in the Scott River. It is worth noting that the differentiation of concentration and mean daily loads of DOC, between the gorge (96.0 mgC s−1) and mouth (99.6 mgC s−1) sections of the river, were related with the activity of a herring gull (Larus argentatus) colony at the river mouth.

  • Concrete mix design using machine learning
    • Patryk Ziółkowski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2019

    Designing a concrete mix is a process of synthesizing many components, it is not a simple process and requires extensive technical knowledge. The design process itself focuses on obtaining the required strength of concrete. Very often designing a concrete mix takes into account the need to maintain the proper water-demand and frost-resistance features. The parameters that influence the concrete class most significantly are the water-cement ratio along with the type and amount of cement and aggregate (crumb pile composition). However, in practice, the design of a concrete mix is done using additives, the so-called plasticizers, which are workability improving agents, as well as increasing frost resistance and aeration. Nowadays, the most widely used concrete mix design approaches are computational-experimental methods based on three-equations method, which allow estimating the amount of aggregate, cement and water. The results obtained in such a way requires laboratory verification. An entirely new approach is a prediction of concrete strength using extensive databases and machine learning algorithms, which can bring some potential benefits, the most important of which is the automation of the concrete mix design process. This paper aims to present preliminary work on the application of data mining in a concrete mix designing process. The primary parameter of concern is concrete compressive strength. The analysis is base on ready-made formulas of concrete mixes from personal resources, prepared for structural concretes of various classes. Furthermore, recently many researchers work on developing perfect concrete compressive strength prediction formula, which makes it an active field of research. © Federation Internationale du Beton (fib) - International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2019.

  • Condition of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Their Degradation Mechanism at the Former Auschwitz Concentration and Extermination Camp
    • Michał Szociński
    • Andrzej Miszczyk
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    2019 Full text STUDIES IN CONSERVATION

    This paper presents the results of investigations on reinforced concrete structures present in the former Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp. Field inspection employing the non-destructive method of reinforcement potential measurement according to the ASTM-C 876–15 standard, followed by laboratory investigations performed on genuine historic reinforced concrete samples collected from the former Auschwitz camp, allowed assessment of the actual condition of this 70-year-old construction material. Electrochemical potential measurements allowed mapping of the regions characterized by enhanced reinforcement corrosion risk and the regions of its immunity. The composition of concrete, water absorbency, content of detrimental salts, and degree and profile of carbonation as well as mechanical properties were evaluated. Results revealed the most common and probable mechanism responsible for degradation of the reinforced concrete structures in the former Auschwitz camp.

  • CONDITIONS, STREAM AND OUTLOOK FOR ECONOMIC MIGRATION FROM ASIA TO POLAND
    • Robert Sterniński
    2019

    The aim of the article is to present the data about the conditions and perspectives of economic migration from Asia to Poland and data on the stream of this phenomenon in recent years based on work permission documents. The first part presents an introduction on the general migration situation to Poland in recent years and describes the theoretical approach to the aspect of migration. Then the legal conditions of migrants' work in Poland and the method of obtaining data for the purposes of the survey were presented. The study was conducted on the basis of issued work permits and declarations of entrustment of work for migrants from Asia. The last part summarizes and presents the conclusions.

  • Constant vs. Variable Efficiency of Electric Drive in Train Run Simulations
    • Aleksander Jakubowski
    • Leszek Jarzębowicz
    2019 Full text

    Train run simulations, which focus on various power- and energy-oriented aspects, should reflect the losses in the electric powertrain. In general, the powertrain efficiency varies with respect to load and speed. Including this relation in simulation requires knowledge about detailed drivetrain parameters, which are often unavailable. This paper verifies the possibility to approximate the drivetrain efficiency in train run simulations by an equivalent constant that provides the same results of total energy usage. A case study of a suburban electric traction unit was selected to compare results of simulations carried out for different operating conditions including: route length, cruising speed and route inclination. The impact of replacing the variable efficiency with the equivalent constant on various outcomes of train run simulations was discussed and the limitations were formulated.

  • Constrained optimization for generating gain-bandwidth design trade-offs of wideband unidirectional antennas
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    2019 IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation

    Broadband unidirectional antennas realised in microstrip technology find applications in many wireless communication systems. One of their design challenges is the necessity of handling multiple performance figures which is difficult when using traditional design methods, largely based on parameter sweeping. This work presents a simple optimisation-based framework that permits generation of gain-bandwidth trade-off designs for this class of antenna structures. The proposed methodology exploits sequentially executed constrained optimisation runs which produce maximum-gain designs across the range of prescribed target impedance bandwidths. To control the latter, design constraints are imposed on the reflection response but also on gain variability to ensure flat in-band characteristics. For the sake of demonstration, an example compact wideband quasi-Yagi antenna is considered for which a set of trade-off designs is obtained with the impedance bandwidth varied from 9 to over 54%, and corresponding gain levels from 7.4 dB to around 5.5 dB, which determines the antenna capabilities in terms of these performance figures. The approach proposed in this work can be utilised as a design aid as well as a tool for quantitative performance comparison of different (alternative) antenna topologies.

  • CONSUMERS’ APPROACH TO THE CREDIBILITY OF THE INFLATION FORECASTS PUBLISHED BY CENTRAL BANKS: A NEW METHODOLOGICAL SOLUTION
    • Karolina Tura-Gawron
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF MACROECONOMICS

    Modern monetary policy focuses on credibility and shaping inflation expectations. In keeping with the concept of inflation forecast targeting, the inflation forecasts published by central banks play a crucial role in the instrument rate decision-making process and may be treated as a specific intermediate target. This study proposes an inflation forecast credibility index, the scope of which is narrowed to non-specialists’ approach to inflation forecasts. The credibility of the forecast is defined as the ability to shape consumers’ inflation expectations. This ability is measured as the absolute difference between the central paths of inflation forecasts (the mode values) in the one-year forecast horizon and one-year consumers’ inflation expectations. The inflation forecast is represented in the study as a function of forecast attributes (accuracy, similarity, and deviation from the inflation target). The credibility function of the forecast is derived from belief function theory, normally distributed, and determined by the linear function of the chosen forecast attributes. The importance of these attributes depends on whether monetary policy was conducted before or after reaching the zero lower bound on the policy rate. The credibility index is calculated for the inflation forecasts published by the central banks of the United Kingdom and Sweden. The main conclusion of the study is that the deviations of the forecast in the last year of the forecast horizon and similarity between consecutive forecasts are important forecast attributes for shaping the inflation expectations of consumers before and after reaching the zero lower bound on the policy rate, and may determine the inflation forecast’s credibility. However, the similarity to consecutive forecasts affects the forecast’s credibility in opposite ways before and after reaching the zero lower bound on the policy rate.

  • Container port expansion towards the sea in the context of maritime spatial planning
    • Karolina Krośnicka
    2019 Full text EUROPA XXI

    The growth of ships causes a significant increase in demand for new port surfaces and demands for the depths of water bodies in the ports. Due to technological changes in the transshipment and development pressure ports lacks space and they move towards the sea with their activities. The paper discusses the reasons for the phenomenon of expansion of ports towards the sea and its effects on maritime spatial planning.

  • Context-Aware Indexing and Retrieval for Cognitive Systems Using SOEKS and DDNA
    • Caterine De Silva Oliveira
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2019 Full text Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

    Visual content searching, browsing and retrieval tools have been a focus area of interest as they are required by systems from many different domains. Context-based, Content-Based, and Semantic-based are different approaches utilized for indexing/retrieving, but have their drawbacks when applied to systems that aim to mimic the human capabilities. Such systems, also known as Cognitive Systems, are still limited in terms of processing different sources of information (especially when structured in different ways) for decision making purposes. This issue becomes significantly greater when past information is retrieved and taken in account. We address this issue by proposing a Structuralized Context-Aware Indexing and Retrieval using Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA). SOEKS and DDNA allow the creation of a multi-modal space composed of information from different sources, such as contextual, visual, auditory etc., in a form of a structure and explicit experiential knowledge. SOKES is composed by fields that allow this experiences to participate in the processes of similarity, uncertainty, impreciseness, or incompleteness measures and facilitate the indexing and retrieval of knowledge in Cognitive Systems.