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Ostatnie pozycje
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Influence of artificial thermal ageing on polyester-reinforced and polyvinyl chloride coated AF9032 technical fabric
- Paweł Kłosowski
- Krzysztof Żerdzicki
- Krzysztof Woznica
The presented work deals with the thermal ageing evaluation for polyester-reinforced and polyvinyl chloride coated fabrics. The architectural fabric AF9032 was exposed to artificial thermal ageing by subjecting the material samples to temperature levels of 80℃ and 90℃ for up to 12 weeks. The mechanical properties of the aged fabric have been separately described by the identified linear piecewise model (with assumption of the elastic behavior) and by the Bodner–Partom model (with assumption of the viscoplastic behavior). The evolution of the obtained parameter values for various ageing temperatures and over ageing periods have been approximated by linear functions achieving a good convergence. The simplified methodology of Arrhenius has been incorporated for the extrapolation of functions obtained for 90℃ and consequently used for ageing analysis. For the fill direction, the lines describing evolution of the mechanical parameters over ageing time coincide fully with the ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break and are parallel for the Bodner–Partom model parameters (R0,R1,m1,D1,m2,n) when comparing results for 80° and 90℃. For the warp direction, the obtained lines concerning mechanical properties and Bodner–Partom parameters exhibit different tendencies (increasing or decreasing) for both temperatures. Thus, the ageing evaluation according to the Arrhenius law has been confirmed by the obtained results only for the fill direction.
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Influence of cooling rate and additives on low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures in the TSRST
- Marek Pszczoła
- Cezary Szydłowski
- Mariusz Jaczewski
The paper presents the results and analysis of low-temperature properties of asphalt mixtures according to Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test (TSRST) and Indirect Tensile Test methods. Different groups of bitumen were investigated: neat, SBS-modified and highly SBS-modified. Influence of cooling rates (1 C/h, 3 C/h, 5 C/h and 10 C/h) and additives (aramid fibres and crumb rubber) was identified as well. Moreover, for each factor stiffness moduli were back-calculated from the TSRST results and analysed. The greatest impact on the TSRST results had type of bitumen, followed by the cooling rate and additives. Application of longer fibres improved low-temperature properties of the asphalt mixtures.
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Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants
- Dariusz Mikielewicz
- Krzysztof Kosowski
- Karol Tucki
- Marian Piwowarski
- Robert Stępień
- Olga Orynycz
- Wojciech Włodarski
The efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels are analyzed. The calculations were carried out for: gas from biomass gasification (LHV = 4.4 MJ/kg), biogas (LHV = 17.5 MJ/kg) and methane (LHV = 50 MJ/kg). It is demonstrated that analyzed solution enables construction of several kW power microturbines that might be used on a local scale. Careful design of such devices allows for achieving high efficiency with appropriate choice of the turbine construction for specific fuel locally available. Such individually created generation systems might be applied in distributed generation systems assuring environmental profits.
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Influence of Fragment Size on the Time and Temperature of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Lamination Decomposition in the Photovoltaic Module Recycling Process
- Anna Kuczyńska-Łażewska
- Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
Photovoltaics is a commercially available and reliable technology with significant potential for long-term growth in nearly all global regions. Several research institutes and companies are working on recycling concepts for thin film modules and modules with crystalline cells. The establishment of recycling and reuse technologies appropriate and applicable to all photovoltaics (PV) modules is a key issue to be addressed as part of corporate social responsibility to safeguard the environment and to implement a fully material-circulated society without any waste. The copolymer ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) layer is a thermoplastic containing cross-linkable ethylene vinyl acetate, which is used to encapsulate the photovoltaic cells. The cells are laminated between films of EVA in a vacuum, under compression, and up to 150·°C. The encapsulant’s primary purpose is to bond or laminate the multiple layers of the module together. In the photovoltaic module recycling process, the second important step (after mechanical dismantling of the frame) is EVA lamination removal. In this study, different parameters of the thermal delamination method used during the recycling process were experimentally tested and compared, and the most ecological and economical one is proposed.
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Influence of High Temperature Oxidation on Hydrogen Absorption and Degradation of Zircaloy-2 and Zr 700 Alloys
- Andrzej Zieliński
- Anita Cymann
- Adrian Gumiński
- Anna Hernik
- Grzegorz Gajowiec
The present research was aimed at determining the effects of the oxide layers on hydrogen absorption, microstructure and mechanical properties of the Zircaloy- 2 and Zr 702 alloys. The oxidation was made at 350 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C for 10 to 30 min in laboratory air, followed by hydrogen cathodic charging for 72 h and annealing at 400 °C for 4 h. The slow strain rate tests were carried out on oxidized, charged and annealed specimens. The oxidation resulted in thick and cracked, more for Zr 702 alloy, layer. After oxidation at 350 °C, the appearance of hydrides in Zircaloy-2 and absence of hydrides in Zr 702 alloy were observed. After oxidation at high temperatures no current flow was noticed at applied voltage up to 5 V, and no hydrogen or hydrogen cracks. The observed effects were attributed to the phase structure of investigated alloys at low hydrogen content.
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INFLUENCE OF INLET GEOMETRY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF 1MW STEAM TURBINE
- Arkadiusz Koprowski
- Dominik Gotowski
- Romuald Rządkowski
- Ryszard Szczepanik
The process of the design of the 1MW steam turbine includes designing the stator and rotor blades, the steam turbine inlet and exit, the casing and the rotor. A turbine that operates at rotation speeds other than 3000 rpm requires a gear box and generator with complex electronic software. This paper analyses the efficiency of eight turbine variants, including seven inlet geometries and three stages of stator as well as an eight variant with one of the inlets, all three stages and an outlet.
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Influence of microwave treatment conditions of GTR on physico-mechanical and structural properties of NBR/NR/GTR composites
- J Canavate
- Xavier Colom
- Mohammad Saeb
- Marta Przybysz-Romatowska
- Łukasz Zedler
- Krzysztof Formela
The increasing amount of tires used in the industry induces the researchers to find alternatives to the recycling of the end-of-life tires. Several alternatives in order to application of ground tire rubber GTR include their incorporation as a filler in composites. The main issue in this approach is the lack of compatibility between GTR and polymer matrix. In order to solve this problem the devulcanization by microwaves has been proposed as an interesting approach in order to improve the subsequent crosslinking when the GTR is incorporated to an elastomeric matrix and subsequently co-vulcanizated. In this article a blend formed by natural rubber NR and nitrile butadiene rubber NBR has been proposed as a suitable matrix for composites including GTR. In order to improve the compatibility, the GTR was treated by microwaves prior to its application as semi-reinforcement in rubber matrix. The results indicate that the pretreatment of GTR by microwaves improves the cross-linking and co-vulcanization of used elastomers, what have a positive influence on the mechanical behaviour and microstructure of the NR/NBR/GTR composites evaluated by tensile tests, equilibrium swelling, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM).
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Influence of orientational disorder on the optical absorption properties in hybrid metal‐halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. A combined DFT/TD‐DFT and experimental study.
- Adam Miłosz
- Głowienka Damian
- Jędrzej Szmytkowski
- Galagan Yulia
- Julien Guthmuller
An experimental and theoretical investigation is reported to analyze the relation between the structural and absorption properties of CH3NH3PbI3 in the tetragonal phase. More than 3000 geometry optimizations were performed in order to reveal the structural disorder and to identify structures with the lowest energies. The electronic structure calculations provide an averaged band gap of 1.674 eV, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of about 1.6 eV. The simulations of the absorption spectrum for three representative structures with lowest energy reproduced the absorption shoulders observed in the experimental spectra. These shoulders are assigned to excitations having similar orbital characters and involving transitions between hybridized 6s(Pb)/5p(I) orbitals and 6p(Pb) orbitals. The geometries of the three structures were analyzed and the effects of the inorganic frame and the CH3NH3+ cations on the absorption properties were estimated. It was found that both changes in the inorganic frame and the CH3NH3+ cations orientations impact the absorption spectra, by modifying the transitions energies and intensities. This highlights the role of CH3NH3+ cation in influencing the absorption properties of CH3NH3PbI3 and demonstrates that CH3NH3+ cation is one of the key elements explaining the broad and nearly constant absorption spectrum in the visible range.
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Influence of Parameters of Laser Beam Welding on Structure of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel
- Michał Landowski
Laser welding is used in modern industry, having many advantages comparing to traditional welding technologies. Nowadays, industry sectors such as shipbuilding, automotive and aviation can’t be imagined without laser processing technologies. Possibility of increase of welded joint properties, autogenous welding and high level of process automation makes the technology of laser welding perspective part of the industry. Physical multidimensional processes complexity requires a deeper understanding of the impact of laser welding parameters on the quality of welded joints for industrial implementation. The paper presents results of microstructure investigations of laser beam welded stainless steel under various welding parameters. Welded joints was achieved by Ytterbium fiber laser type without the use of the filler material. Material for test was 2205 ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steel (DSS) plates with thickness of 8 mm in delivery condition. The objectives of this research was to investigate influence of laser welding parameters on weld geometry of buttwelded joints. Investigations of bead shape revealed correlation between laser beam focus position and weld penetration depth.
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Influence of Selected Saccharides on the Precipitation of Calcium-Vaterite Mixtures by the CO2 Bubbling Method
- Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
- Natalia Czaplicka
- Barbara Kościelska
- Marcin Stanisław Łapiński
- Jacek Gębicki
Calcium carbonate is a compound existing in living organisms and produced for many biomedical applications. In this work, calcium carbonate was synthesized by a CO2 bubbling method using ammonia as a CO2 absorption promotor. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose were added into the reaction mixture to modify characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate particles. To determine the polymorphic form of produced calcium carbonate particles, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to estimate the size and shape of produced particles. Mixtures of vaterite and calcite were synthesized in all experiments. The percentage content of the vaterite in the samples depended on used additive. The highest concentration of vaterite (90%) was produced from a solution containing sucrose, while the lowest concentration (2%) was when fructose was added. Saccharides affected the rate of CO2 absorption, which resulted in a change in the precipitation rate and, therefore, the polymorphic composition of calcium carbonate obtained in the presence of saccharides was more varied.
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Influence of silver-core gold-shell nanoparticle parameters on the variation of surface-enhanced Raman spectra
- Maciej Wróbel
- Katarzyna Karpienko
- Marcin Marzejon
- Filip Sadura
- Soumik Siddhanta
- Ishan Barman
- Janusz Smulko
The detection of molecules by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is dependent on the nanomaterial used to induce the enhancement effect. This depends on a variety of parameters of the substrate such as the metal used for their creation, their shape, size and size distribution, concentration, as well as the parameters of the solution, such as packing of the nanoparticles, the complexity of the sample, the solvent, etc. It is most crucial, that the parameters are kept constant to provide uniformity of the enhancement. this is crucial for the development of SERS as a reliable and quantitative technique for bioanalysis. Here, we have developed the silver-core and gold-shell nanoparticles, to serve as the enhancement material. The fabrication phase involved constant concentrations of chemicals stability of the solution physical parameters like stirring and heating, and differed only in the perturbation of the reagents addition kinetics. These nanoparticles were investigated further with their ability to measure the solutions of 2-naphtalenethiol in DMSO, as model for testing the variability of the signal due to the enhancement and the kinetics of the nanoparticle-sample solution during a routine Raman measurement procedure. The results indicate vast difference in the preference of the 2-naphthalenethiol to come into contact with the nanoparticles and the partial enhancement of DMSO in most cases, with an almost complete by-pass of the solvent and direct detection of the 2-naphthalenethiol in one case. Moreover, the kinetics of the measurement solution, or its stability during measurement, is provided.
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Influence of soil–structure interaction on seismic pounding between steel frame buildings considering the effect of infill panels
- Hytham Elwardany
- Ayman Seleemah
- Robert Jankowski
- Saher El-Khoriby
The present research aims to study the influence of the soil-structure interaction (SSI) and existence or absence of masonry infill panels in steel frame structures on the earthquake-induced pounding-involved response of adjacent buildings. The study was further extended to compare the pounding-involved behavior versus the independent behavior of structures without collisions, focusing much on dynamic behavior of single frames. The effect of SSI was analyzed by assuming linear springs and dashpots at the foundation level. The infill panels were modeled using equivalent diagonal compression struts. The steel frames were assumed to have elastic-plastic behavior with 1% linear strain hardening. The dynamic contact approach was utilized to simulate pounding between the adjacent buildings. Nonlinear finite element analysis was performed for two adjacent multi-story structures with four different configurations representing cases that can exist in reality. The seismic response of the studied cases generally emphasized that ignoring the soil flexibility and/or the contribution of the infill panels may significantly alter the response of adjacent structures. This may result in a false expectation of the seismic behavior of buildings exposed to structural pounding under earthquake excitation.
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Influence of steam cooking on pro-health properties of Small and Large variety of Momordica charantia
- Martyna Lubinska-Szczygeł
- Anna Różańska
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Tomasz Dymerski
- Arkadiusz Szterk
- Patraporn Luksirikul
- Suchada Vearasilp
- Elena Katrich
- Shela Gorinstein
Steam cooking is one of the most common preparations of Momordicacharantia dishes. This method improved the tastiness of the fruits but at the same time, some changes occurred in the volatile and non-volatile parts of their food matrices. In this study, for the first time these properties were correlated with the found substances affecting the bioactivity of this fruit. Two varieties of Momordicacharantia were analysed and compared. It was possible to differentiate both types of fruits using two-dimensional gas chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS) as well as to assess botanical and geographical origin. In the case of volatiles, 212 chemical compounds were tentatively identified, which can be classified into seven chemical classes, such as aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, terpenes, hydrocarbons. Furthermore, 16 of them were quantified and calculated in terms of OAV and ROC values. Bioactive substances (polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and flava- nols) and the values of antioxidant capacities by four radical scavenging assays (DPPH, CUPRAC FRAP, ABTS) were determined and compared in water and methanol extracts of Chinese and Indian varieties. It was proven that steam cooked Chinese variety has greater value due to its flavour than Indian variety and consists more volatile, non-volatile and bioactive constituents with high antioxidant effect. The binding properties of poly- phenols to HSA were relatively high in comparison with other plants. A strong positive correlation of binding properties and bioactivity of Momordicacharantia was estimated. One of the volatiles, namely citronellol, has key importance in respect of antidiabetic effect of Momordica charantia Chinese variety. This study indicates pro- health preponderance of Chinese variety over Indian variety and confirms that steam cooking is in lines with the canons of safe food preparation.
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Influence of steel brackets supporting crane runway girders structure on the stress distribution in the brackets
- Natalia Korcz-Konkol
- Piotr Iwicki
- Elżbieta Urbańska-Galewska
The paper presents a numerical analysis of steel brackets supporting a double-span crane runway girders. The purpose of the study was to assess the new structural solution based on the stress distribution in the brackets. In order to simplify the connection, the bottom flange of the crane runway girder is based directly on the upper flange of the bracket. As a result, the support reaction is no longer applied in the plane of the bracket web, but it is carried as ununiform pressure. Known analytical methods are not sufficient to assess the level of the bracket material effort due to the mechanism of the forces transmission. That is why the FE analysis was performed. Twisting of the bracket caused by eccentric load (in addition to the biaxial bending) was observed. What is more it occurred that transverse stiffeners in the bracket structure generate high stress.
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Influence of Storage Time and Temperature on the Toxicity, Endocrine Potential, and Migration of Epoxy Resin Precursors in Extracts of Food Packaging Materials
- Błażej Kudłak
- Natalia Jatkowska
- Paweł Kubica
- Galina Yotova
- Tsakovski Stefan
The aim of the present study was to establish a standard methodology for the extraction of epoxy resin precursors from several types of food packages (cans, multi-layered composite material, and cups) with selected simulation media (distilled water, 5% ethanol, 3% dimethyl sulfoxide, 5% acetic acid, artificial saliva) at different extraction times and temperatures (factors). Biological analyses were conducted to determine the acute toxicity levels of the extracts (with Vibrio fischeri bacteria) and their endocrine potential (with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts). In parallel, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to determine levels of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (mixture of isomers, BFDGE), ring novolac glycidyl ether (3-ring NOGE), and their derivatives. The variation induced by the different experimental factors was statistically evaluated with analysis of variance simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Our findings demonstrate the value of using a holistic approach to best partition the effects contributing to the end points of these assessments, and offer further guidance for adoptingsuch a methodology, thus being a broadly useful reference for understanding the phenomena related to the impacts of food packaging materials on quality for long- and short-term storage, while offering a general method for analysis.
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Influence of the Delay in Monitor System on the Motor Coordination of Musicians while Performing
- Szymon Zaporowski
- Maciej Blaszke
- Dawid Weber
- Marta Stefaniak
This paper provides a description and results of measurements of the maximum acceptable value of delay tolerated by a musician, while playing an instrument, that does not cause de-synchronization and discomfort. First, methodology of measurements comprising audio recording and a fast camera is described. Then, themeasurement procedure for acquiring the maximum value of delay conditioning comfortable playing is presented. Results of musician’s response while playing an instrument along with a delayed signal reproduced from the monitor system are shown. Finally, a presentation of the highest values of delays for musicians playing different instruments is given along with a detailed discussion on the methodology used
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Influence of the electrosynthesis conditions on the spontaneous release of anti-inflammatory salicylate during degradation of polypyrrole coated iron for biodegradable cardiovascular stent
- Karolina Cysewska
- Jakub Karczewski
- Piotr Jasiński
In this work, the spontaneous release of anti-inflammatory salicylate from polypyrrole (PPy) coated iron has been studied during degradation of the material in phosphate buffer saline at 37 C. The sodium salicylate was incorporated into PPy in a one-step electropolymerization process. The influence of the synthesis conditions such as sodium salicylate concentration, pyrrole concentration and deposition charge on drug release profile has been investigated. The morphology, surface roughness and redox properties of PPy/Fe have been also studied. The drug release was studied by UV-Vis spectrophotometer with flow cuvette connected to the electrochemical cell, which provided continuous study of the released dopant. As a result, reliable and quantitative study of salicylate release from PPy coated iron was attained.Depending on the synthesis conditions the concentration of the salicylate released was in the range of 83-183 mM/cm2 after 21 h of immersion. The rate of drug release of 10-11mM/h was the highest at the beginning after immersion (1-2 h), then it gradually decreased and finally it reached the lowest value of approximately 0.3 mM/h at the end of the process.
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Influence of the ionic strength on the amyloid fibrillogenesis of hen egg white lysozyme
- Jarosław Wawer
- Michał Szociński
- Marcin Olszewski
- Rafał Piątek
- Mateusz Naczk
- Joanna Krakowiak
The study investigates the role of the electrostatic interactions in the fibrillation of the hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL). In order to achieve this aim the influence of the cations Na+, Mg2+ and Al3+ on the amyloid fibril formation and amorphous aggregation was tested. The amyloids are formed in the solution without added salt but the Thioflavin T fluorescence gives the false-negative result. In these conditions, the HEWL fibrils are long and curvy. If the ionic strength of the solution is sufficiently high, the formed amyloids are shorter and fragmented. Our study shows that the addition of the aluminium salt promotes protein fibrillation. The amorphous aggregation dominates in the high concentration of electrolyte. The in vitro amyloid fibril formation seems to be regulated by universal mechanisms. The theories implemented in the polymer science or for colloidal solutions give the qualitative description of the aggregation phenomena. However, the specific interactions and the additional effects (e.g. fibril fragmentation) modulate the amyloidogenesis.
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Influence of the low ambient temperature on the start-up process of hydraulic pumps
- Ryszard Jasiński
Starting hydraulic pumps in low ambient temperatures may cause: decreased hydraulic-mechanical efficiency, larger vibration of hydraulic installation, faster wear and more frequent damage to the elements of pumps, change of material properties of elements, increase of pressure drop. As a result of pressure drop in the suction pipe, large underpressure may be experienced, causing incomplete filling of pump working chambers with oil and reducing volumetric efficiency. Starting of cooled hydraulic pump in low temperatures may occur when pump is supplied either with oil of the same ambient temperature or with the oil warmed to higher temperature. During start-up of a hydraulic pump in thermal shock conditions, parts warm up in a nonuniform way, due to varying material and shape properties. This causes change of clearances between the co-operating elements and may lead to faulty operation of hydraulic pump or to its break-down. Experimental tests of pumps during start-up in low ambient temperatures, were performed in the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the Gdańsk University of Technology. The Laboratory is equipped with multipump supply devices with oil temperature stabilization, devices for testing hydraulic components as well as a system for measuring and recording mechanical, hydraulic and thermal quantities. In low temperature chamber it was possible to cool down hydraulic components to –25 °C. The supply oil temperature was kept in the range from 20 to 60 °C (usually at 50 °C) by means of oil temperature stabilizing system.
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Influence of the shoe type on the ground reaction forces
- Małgorzata Klepczyńska
- Bartłomiej Zagrodny
- Wiktoria Wojnicz
- Michał Ludwicki
- Jan Awrejcewicz
The aim of this work was to estimate a relationship between the type of the footwear and ground reactions. Differences in medio-lateral, anterior-posterior and vertical reactions are compared for different shoe-types for male and female volunteers. Each of the participants gait was recorded in case of different shoes and without them, also stabilograms were analyzed. Results revealed differences in ground reaction forces for different shoe-types and its influence on static stability.
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Influence of Thermal Imagery Resolution on Accuracy of Deep Learning based Face Recognition
- Maciej Szankin
- Alicja Kwaśniewska
- Jacek Rumiński
Human-system interactions frequently require a retrieval of the key context information about the user and the environment. Image processing techniques have been widely applied in this area, providing details about recognized objects, people and actions. Considering remote diagnostics solutions, e.g. non-contact vital signs estimation and smart home monitoring systems that utilize person’s identity, security is a very important factor. Thus, thermal imaging has become more and more popular, as it does not reveal features that are often used for person recognition, i.e. sharp edges, clear changes of pixel values between areas, etc. On the other hand, there are much more visible light data available for deep model training. Taking it into account, person recognition from thermography is much more challenging due to specific characteristics (blurring and smooth representation of features) and small amount of training data. Moreover, when low resolution data is used, features become even less visible, so this problem may become more difficult. This study focuses on verifying whether model trained to extract important facial embedding from RGB images can perform equally well if applied to thermal domain, without additional re-training. We also perform a set of experiments aim at evaluating the influence of resolution degradation by down-scaling images on the recognition accuracy. In addition, we present deep super-resolution (SR) model that by enhancing donw-scaled images can improve results for data acquired in scenarios that simulate real-life environment, i.e. mimicking facial expressions and performing head motions. Preliminary results proved that in such cases SR helps to increase accuracy by 6.5% for data 8 times smaller than original images. It has also been shown that it is possible to accurately recognize even 40 volunteers using only 4 images per person as a reference embedding. Thus, the initial profiles can be easily created in a real time, what is an additional advantage considering a solution setup in a new environment.
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INFLUENCE OF WRONGLY ASSUMED PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION ON THE UNCERTAINTY OF RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT BY TECHNICAL METHOD
- Stanisław Szczesny
- Anna Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk
- Dariusz Świsulski
The paper presents studies on the influence of probability distributions on the expanded uncertainty of the resistance measurement. Choosing the correct probability distribution is very important to estimate of measurement uncertainty. The most commonly used distribution is the rectangular distribution. The paper presents the results of analysis of the resistance measurement uncertainty using the technical method of two resistances: 1 Ω and 100 GΩ using different measuring equipment. The analysis of the uncertainty measurement of resistance was carried out repeatedly, each time assuming a different probability distribution of measuring instruments (normal, rectangular, triangular or trapezoidal). The results of the research presented in the article show that the influence of the assumed probability distributions on the result of the measurement uncertainty analysis is significant and results discrepancies can reach up to 30%.
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Influence of YARN Schedulers on Power Consumption and Processing Time for Various Big Data Benchmarks
- Krzysztof Drypczewski
- Jerzy Proficz
- Andrzej Stepnowski
Climate change caused by human activities can influence the lives of everybody onthe planet. The environmental concerns must be taken into consideration by all fields of studyincludingICT. Green Computing aims to reduce negative effects of IT on the environment while,at the same time, maintaining all of the possible benefits it provides. Several Big Data platformslike Apache Spark orYARNhave become widely used in analytics and High-PerformanceComputing systems due to the reliability and usability of Map Reduce implementations. Theauthors research the power consumption and energy efficiency of HadoopYARNschedulers usingApache Spark under three different workloads. The test cases include: sorting large binary files,counting unique words in large text files and processing satellite imagery from the Sentinel-2mission. The presented results show small (2%–11%) but distinct differences in the powerconsumption ofFIFOandFAIRschedulers
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INFOGEST static in vitro simulation of gastrointestinal food digestion
- André Brodkorb
- Lotti Egger
- Marie Alminger
- Paula Alvito
- Ricardo Assunção
- Simon Ballance
- Torsten Bohn
- Claire Bourlieu-Lacanal
- Rachel Boutrou
- Frédéric Carrière
- Alfonso Clemente
- Milena Corredig
- Didier Dupont
- Claire Dufour
- Cathrina Edwards
- Matt Golding
- Sibel Karakaya
- Bente Kirkhus
- Steven Le
- Uri Lesmes
- Adam Macierzanka
- Alan Mackie
- Carla Martins
- Sébastien Marze
- David McClements
- Olivia Ménard
- Mans Minekus
- Reto Portmann
- Cláudia Santos
- Isabelle Souchon
- R Singh
- Gerd Vegarud
- Martin Wickham
- Werner Weitschies
- Isidra Recio
Developing a mechanistic understanding of the impact of food structure and composition on human health has increasingly involved simulating digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract. These simulations have used a wide range of different conditions that often have very little physiological relevance, and this impedes the meaningful comparison of results. The standardized protocol presented here is based on an international consensus developed by the COST INFOGEST network. The method is designed to be used with standard laboratory equipment and requires limited experience to encourage a wide range of researchers to adopt it. It is a static digestion method that uses constant ratios of meal to digestive fluids and a constant pH for each step of digestion. This makes the method simple to use but not suitable for simulating digestion kinetics. Using this method, food samples are subjected to sequential oral, gastric and intestinal digestion while parameters such as electrolytes, enzymes, bile, dilution, pH and time of digestion are based on available physiological data. This amended and improved digestion method (INFOGEST 2.0) avoids challenges associated with the original method, such as the inclusion of the oral phase and the use of gastric lipase. The method can be used to assess the endpoints resulting from digestion of foods by analyzing the digestion products (e.g., peptides/amino acids, fatty acids, simple sugars) and evaluating the release of micronutrients from the food matrix. The whole protocol can be completed in ~7 d, including ~5 d required for the determination of enzyme activities.
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Informatyka medyczna jako dyscyplina naukowa i usługowa
- Antoni Nowakowski
Omówiono zakres tematyczny części I monografii, trochę historii i zakres działalności promocyjnej, publikacyjnej, normalizacyjnej i edukacyjnej w informatyce medycznej.
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INFORMATYKA MEDYCZNA W PROGRAMACH NAUCZANIA
- Antoni Nowakowski
- Jacek Rumiński
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
Rozdział prezentuje zakres realizacji informatyki medycznej w programach nauczania na krajowych uczelniach. Po wstępie historycznym, skupia się na omówienie informatyki medycznej jako wydzielonego obszaru kształcenia. Następnie prezentuje jako przykład zagadnienia związane z kształceniem studentów w tym obszarze na Politechnice Gdańskiej.
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Injectable poloxamer/graphene oxide hydrogels with well‐controlled mechanical and rheological properties
- Elaheh Rohani
- Henri Vahabi
- Krzysztof Formela
- Mohammad Saeb
- Sabu Thomas
Although significant progress has been made in the design and application of injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications, concurrent control of rheological and mechanical properties of injectable hydrogels has remained as an open challenge to the researchers. In this work, we introduce and put into practice a photo‐curable poloxamer (also known as Pluronic)/graphene oxide (Plu/GO) injectable hydrogel with well‐controlled rheological and mechanical properties. Acrylate group was anchored to hydrogel structure to endow photo‐crosslinking ability through decelerating degradation rate of poloxamer hydrogels after injection. It was found that the modified Plu remains stable in biological media for a long‐term period without significant weight loss. Rheological properties of hydrogels were also carried out as essential prerequisite for an ideal injectability via frequency sweep, flow curve, recovery, and yield stress before and after modification, signifying shear‐thinning behavior of Plu/GO hydrogels with high recoverability. The viscosity of shear‐thinning‐like hydrogels dropped at higher shear stress, which facilitated injection process. Moreover, mechanical behavior of Plu was optimized by manipulating the content of Plu, degree of modification with reactive precursor, curing, and particularly incorporation of GO without deteriorating effects on rheological behavior of Plu.
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Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development
- Wojciech Kustra
- Joanna Żukowska
- Marcin Budzyński
- Kazimierz Jamroz
Integrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade the network of national roads to complement fast roads. A key criterion in this case is to ensure that the roads are efficient to minimise time lost for road users and safe. With safety standards and safety management practices varying vastly across the EU, Directive 2008/96/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council was a way to ensure that countries follow procedures for assessing the impact of road projects on road safety and conduct road safety audits, road safety management and road safety inspections. The main goal of the research was to build mathematical models to combine road safety measures, i.e. injury density (DI) and accident density (DA), with road and traffic factors on longer sections, all based on risk analysis. The practical objective is to use these models to develop tools for assessing how new road projects will impact road safety. Because previous research on models to help estimate injuries (I) or injury density (DI) on long sections was scarce, the authors addressed that problem in their work. The idea goes back to how Poland is introducing procedures for assessing the effects of infrastructure on safety and developing a method to estimate accident indicators to support economic analysis for new roads, a solution applied in JASPERS. Another reason for the research was Poland’s insufficient and ineffective pool of road safety management tools in Poland. The paper presents analyses of several models which achieved satisfactory results. They are consistent with the work of other researchers and the outcomes of previous research conducted by the authors.
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Innovative method of localization airplanes in VCS (VCS-MLAT) distributed system
- Szymon Wiszniewski
The article presents the concept and the structure of the localization module. The prototype module is the part of the VCS (VCS-MLAT) localization distributed system. The device receives the audio signal transmitted in airplanes band (118 MHz – 136 MHz). Received data with the timestamps are send to the main server. The data from multiple devices estimates the localization of the airplane. The main aim of the project is the analysis of the innovative airplane localization method in the close to real environment, based on the audio signal transmitted in 118 MHz – 136 MHz band. The development work requires elaboration and implementation of the prototypes of the distributed system. This concept will increase security in civil and military aviation in the situation when the rests localization systems failed. The localization module as a part of the VCS localization system contains: motherboard with System on Chip integrated circuit, analog radiostation, GPS receiver and ADS-B receiver. The audio signal received from radiostation is sampled and send with the timestamps synchronized by the GPS module to the main server. Moreover, the verification of proper working VCS-MLAT system will be provided by ADS-B receiver. The special software in the main VCS system server is responsible for the estimation of aircraft position with the cooperation of dedicated localization modules, which are placed on monitored area. The concept of radiolocalization system based on the VCS communication structure should be considered as unique, compared to actual systems.
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Innovative Research Into Road Restraint Systems
- Kazimierz Jamroz
- Krzysztof Wilde
- Marcin Budzyński
- Łukasz Jeliński
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Stanisław Burzyński
- Łukasz Pachocki
Key to understanding the needs and building road infrastructure management tools to prevent and mitigate run-off-road accidents is to identify hazards and their sources which are a result of wrong design, construction, installation and maintenance of road restraint systems [1]. Building such tools requires advanced studies with field tests, simulations and models to demonstrate the effects of selected parameters on road user safety [2]. Delivered under the Road Innovation programme, two research projects (ROSE and LifeROSE) are designed to help with that. The main aim of the pro-jects is to develop a method to help with an optimal choice of road restraint systems depending on the type and level of hazard, road class, size and structure of vehicle streams and driving condi-tions (vehicle speed) on the road. To that end a number of field tests were carried out designed to identify hazards and build a database of road elements. The article presents a general characteris-tics of the study, fieldwork and simulation and analytical tests required to meet the objectives. It also gives a detailed description of the crash tests conducted in the field for the two projects. A series of crash tests involving vehicles and barriers was carried out to assess how the selected restraint systems behaved and, as a result, to identify how selected barrier design factors and dy-namic vehicle factors affect the functional features of safety barriers under investigation.
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INNOWACYJNA METODA WZMOCNIENIA PRZYCZÓŁKA WIADUKTU PRZY UŻYCIU INIEKCJI GEOPOLIMEROWYCH
- Anna Banaś
- Lech Bałachowski
- Andrzej Kuryłowicz
- Andrzej Kowalik
- Agnieszka Poteraj - Oleksiak
- Cezary Witas
W obecnych czasach szybki rozwój infrastruktury i nowoczesnych technologii niejednokrotnie narzuca projektantom oraz wykonawcom takie rozwiązania, aby prowadzone roboty budowlane, były jak najmniej uciążliwe dla uczestników ruchu i jak najmniej ingerowały w system komunikacyjny. Dotyczy to zarówno budowy nowych obiektów jaki i remontu obiektów już istniejących. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono nowatorską koncepcję remontu wiaduktu w ciągu Drogi Krajowej nr 12 nad torami PKP w miejscowości Podbór. Został on wybudowany w latach 50-tych jako żelbetowa rama. Problemem, który występował podczas eksploatacji obiektu i prowadził do potrzeby pilnej oraz jak najmniej inwazyjnej jego naprawy było nadmierne osiadanie nasypu za przyczółkiem. Spowodowało ono przemieszczenie urządzenia dylatacyjnego aż o 30 mm a tym samym prowadziło do jego uszkodzenia. Pierwszy raz w Polsce wykonano wzmocnienie przyczółka wiaduktu przy użyciu iniekcji geopolimerowych, które w znaczący sposób ograniczyło czas przeznaczony na wprowadzane ograniczenia w ruchu kołowym, a tym samym skróciło czas samej inwestycji. Zastosowanie nowatorskiej technologii pozwoliło na prowadzenie robót, tak aby były one jak najmniej uciążliwe dla uczestników ruchu. W standardowym podejściu, wymiana gruntu nasypowego i ponowne zagęszczenie, wymagałoby wprowadzenia zamknięć ruchu na całym odcinku na minimum trzy miesiące, znacząco utrudniając komunikację.
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Innowacyjne metody obróbki powierzchni płaskich na docierarkach
- Adam Barylski
Przedstawiono charakterystykę innowacyjnej technologii obróbki powierzchni płaskich i płasko-równoległych na docierarkach jedno- i dwutarczowych. Zamieszczono studium przypadku obejmującego obróbkę elementów ceramicznych i wykonanych z węglików spiekanych, analizując jakość szlifowanych powierzchni i czasochłonność operacji oraz koszty obróbki elementów płaskich w układzie dwutarczowym.
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In-plane shear nonlinearity in failure behavior of angle-ply laminated shells
- Agnieszka Sabik
The paper concerns the progressive failure analysis of laminates with the in-plane shear nonlinearity accounted for.The nonlinear shear response of the layer is described by the constitutive relation treating the stresses as a function of strains. Thus it can be easily incorporated into the displacement-based FEM codes. The brittle failure mechanisms of the fibers and the matrix of the layer are recognized with the use of the Hashin criterion. The model is implemented into the non-commercial FEM program for the analysis of multifold shells which is based on the 6-parameter nonlinear shell theory of the Cosserat type.
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In-situ Cu-doped MnCo-spinel coatings for solid oxide cell interconnects processed by electrophoretic deposition
- A Sabato
- Sebastian Molin
- H. Javed
- E Zanchi
- A Boccaccini
- F Smeacetto
The Cu doping of the Mn–Co spinel is obtained “in-situ” by electrophoretic co-deposition of CuO and Mn1.5Co1.5O4 powders and subsequent two-step reactive sintering. Cu-doped Mn1.5Co1.5O4 coatings on Crofer22APU processed by electrophoretic co-deposition method are tested in terms of long term oxidation resistance and area specific resistance tests up to 3600 h. The introduction of Cu in the spinel lead to higher level of densification of coatings for all the considered aging periods at 800 °C and stabilizes the cubic phase of the Mn1.5Co1.5O4 spinel. Corrosion rate of the Cu-doped Mn1.5Co1.5O4 coated Crofer22APU is ∼10x lower than for the uncoated Crofer22APU. The stabilization of the cubic phase due to Cu doping, which reduces the extent of the tetragonal-cubic phase transition and limits possible thermal stresses due to mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion or volume changes, is reviewed and discussed by means of electrical conductivity measurements together with diffraction patterns and elemental analyses. These novel electrophoretic co-deposited Cu-doped MnCo spinel coatings represent an innovative approach to obtain coatings with higher density and have future applications in the view of reaching lower rates of Cr evaporation form the steel.
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In-situ monitoring of electropolymerization processes at boron-doped diamond electrodes by Mach-Zehnder interferometer
- Michał Sobaszek
- Marcin Strąkowski
- Łukasz Skowroński
- Siuzdak Katarzyna
- Sawczak Mirosław
- Igor Własny
- Andrzej Wysmołek
- Aleksandra Wieloszyńska
- Jerzy Pluciński
- Robert Bogdanowicz
In this work, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer was designed to monitor the electrochemical processes conducted at boron-doped diamond electrode surface. The diamond electrodes were synthesized via Microwave Plasma-Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition on optical grade quartz glass. The achieved transmittance in working are of diamond electrodes reached 55 %. A cage system-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer was used which allowed the insertion of thin-layer electrochemical cells. Electrochemical studies were carried out in a thin-layer working cell. The application of such setup, allows to combine optical monitoring of surface of the working electrode during electrochemical measurements, electropolymerization or surface modification. The conducted investigation shows that during surface modification by melamine the phase shift is up to 0.0328 μm−1. The aforementioned set up can be applied for in situ monitoring of surface modifications with various compounds, and to detect organic substances whose oxidation or reduction products absorb onto the electrode surface.
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Instalacja artystyczna "W sztuce lubię: romantyzm, poezję i figle"
- Patryk Różycki
Instalacja artystyczna "W sztuce lubię: romantyzm, poezję i figle" instalacja z 70 koszul męskich różnego koloru, wraz z wideo wyświetlanym na suficie. Wystawa w Instytucie Cybernetyki Sztuki.
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Installation of Compensators in the Power System Transmission Grid
- Ryszard Zajczyk
- Robert Kowalak
- Artur Zbroński
The article discusses issues of reactive power compensation in transmission grids, with particular focus on the selection of compensator locations and basic parameters. Attention was focused on modern power electronics systems that ensure full automatic compensator adjustment to voltage or power criteria.
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Installation of GNSS receivers on a mobile railway platform – methodology and measurement aspects
- Paweł Dąbrowski
- Cezary Specht
- Władysław Koc
- Andrzej Wilk
- Krzysztof Czaplewski
- Krzysztof Karwowski
- Mariusz Specht
- Piotr Chrostowski
- Jacek Szmagliński
- Sławomir Grulkowski
Determining the course of a railway track axis using satellite methods relies on ensuring the precise assembly of GNSS receivers in dedicated measuring devices. Depending on the number of receivers, solutions that are based on placing the apparatus directly above the railway track axis (as well as in eccentric positions) are used to indirectly obtain data to form the basis of the desired results. This publication describes the installation of five GNSS receivers on a mobile measuring platform as part of the InnoSatTrack project. The methodology and the procedure of the geodetic measurements required to obtain the geometrical configuration of the measuring apparatus, specified in the technical project, are presented. The publication presents the principles of total station measurement methods as well as the steps taken to achieve precise results from staking out. The process of acquiring the same configuration of the GNSS receivers, based on the geometry of the squares on the two measuring platforms that were used in the research, has been shown. The final determination of the position of the receivers did not exceed an error of 0.010 m with an average error of 0.003 m, despite the occurrence of mounting difficulties. The results have demonstrated the high credibility and effectiveness of the presented solution.
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Integrated approach for functional safety and cyber security management in maritime critical infrastructures
- Marcin Śliwiński
- Emilian Piesik
The work is devoted important issues of the management in maritime critical infrastructure of functional safety analysis, in particular the safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed control and protection systems with regard to cyber security aspects. A method based on quantitative and qualitative information is proposed for the SIL (IEC 61508, 61511) verification with regard of the evaluation assurance levels (EAL) (ISO/IEC 15408), the security assurance levels (SAL) (IEC 62443), and the number of protection rings described in the SecureSafety (SeSa-SINTEF) methodology. The proposed approach will be composed of the following items: process and procedure based safety and cyber security management, integrated safety and security assessment of industrial control system (ICS) of the maritime critical infrastructure. Proposed methodology is illustrated on case study that based on the part of installation critical maritime infrastructure..
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INTEGRATED FUNCTIONAL SAFETY AND CYBERSECURITY ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SMART MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
- Kazimierz Kosmowski
- Marcin Śliwiński
- Jan Piesik
This article addresses integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis with regard to: the generic functional safety standard IEC 61508 and the cyber security standard IEC 62443 concerning an industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) systems, and reduce relevant risks taking into account a set of fundamental requirements (FRs). A method is proposed for determining and verifying the performance level (PL) or the safety integrity level (SIL) of defined safety functions, and then validating these levels depending on the security level (SL) of a particular domain, e.g. a safety related control system (SRCS). The method is general in the sense that it is based on risk graphs prepared for individual risk and/or societal/group risk with regard to the criteria defined.
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Integrated Photocatalytic Advanced Oxidation System (TiO2/UV/O3/H2O2) for Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds
- Andre Fernandes
- Michał Gągol
- Patrycja Makoś
- Javed Ali
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
Several advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including photocatalytic processes were studied for effective treatment of complex model wastewater containing a wide variety of VOCs. The studies revealed synergistic effects of TiO2 based processes for improved degradation of the VOCs. A peroxone combined with TiO2/UV system (TiO2/UV/O3/H2O2) with a ratio between the oxygen source from the oxidant to chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the model wastewater (rox) of 0.5 and 100 mgTiO2/L was the optimal process. TiO2 revealed to be economically reasonable to be used in TiO2/UV/H2O2 and TiO2/UV/O3/H2O2 photocatalytic technologies for efficient and fast (100 min) degradation of VOCs with significantly low amounts of chemicals. Developed system provide high effectiveness with low treatment cost, which in case of most VOCs studied provide satisfactory effects in 15 min. of treatment process with 4 $/m3 of process costs. The technologies are promising in degradation and purification in several types of industrial effluents with a high VOCs content.
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Integration, Processing and Dissemination of LiDAR Data in a 3D Web-GIS
- Marek Kulawiak
- Marcin Kulawiak
- Zbigniew Łubniewski
The rapid increase in applications of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanners, followed by the development of various methods that are dedicated for survey data processing, visualization, and dissemination constituted the need of new open standards for storage and online distribution of collected three-dimensional data. However, over a decade of research in the area has resulted in a number of incompatible solutions that offer their own ways of disseminating results of LiDAR surveys (be it point clouds or reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) models) over the web. The article presents a unified system for remote processing, storage, visualization, and dissemination of 3D LiDAR survey data, including 3D model reconstruction. It is built with the use of open source technologies and employs open standards, such as 3D Tiles, LASer (LAS), and Object (OBJ) for data distribution. The system has been deployed for automatic organization, processing, and dissemination of LiDAR surveys that were performed in the city of Gdansk. The performance of the system has been measured using a selection of LiDAR datasets of various sizes. The system has shown to considerably simplify the process of data organization and integration, while also delivering tools for easy discovery, inspection, and acquisition of desired datasets.
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Intelligent Autonomous Robot Supporting Small Pets in Domestic Environment
- Artur Chrzanowski
- Patryk Detko
- Tomasz Stefański
In this contribution, we present preliminary results of the student project aimed at the development of an intelligent autonomous robot supporting small pets in a domestic environment. The main task of this robot is to protect a freely moving small pets against accidental stepping on them by home residents. For this purpose, we have developed the mobile robot which follows a pet and makes an alarm signal when a human is approaching. A pet is recognized in images with the use of a convolutional neural network. Walls and obstacles are detected with the use of ultrasonic sensors. A control system of the robot is implemented with the use of the Jetson TX2 platform. Preliminary tests of the robot demonstrate not only usefulness of our solution but also further directions for its development.
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Intelligent Autonomous Vehicles
- Bogdan Wiszniewski
- Zdzisław Kowalczuk
- Mariusz Domżalski
Advanced mobile vehicles and robots have long been one of the main issues in engineering. They have various applications in emergency, lifeguarding and entertainment as well as in various industrial, civil and military systems. Among them, you can distinguish robots that can move in an open environment or operate only in predetermined confined spaces. Open world robots are very demanding because they have to map their environment, adapt to changes and make their own decisions. In addition, current trends in robotics point to different social aspects and the importance of robot friendliness for humans.
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Intelligent monitoring the vertical dynamics of wheeled inspection vehicles
- Janusz Kozłowski
- Zdzisław Kowalczuk
The problem of intelligent monitoring of the vertical dynamics of wheeled inspection vehicles is addressed. With the independent MacPherson suspension system installed, the basic analysis focuses on the evaluation of the parameters of the so-called quarter car model. To identify a physically motivated continuous description, in practice, dedicated integral-horizontal filters are used. The obtained discrete model, which retains the original parameters, is effectively identified using the classic least squares procedure. Using the method of identification in the sense of the least sum of absolute values, the results of such an assessment become insensitive to sporadic outliers in the sampled data. However, the early signs of possible mechanical defects of the suspension can be seen using the forgetting mechanism. This helps to identify failures that can be recognized by changes in system parameters. Ultimately, the quality of the intelligent vehicle suspension monitoring developed is verified by means of numerical simulations. The problem of intelligent monitoring of the vertical dynamics of wheeled inspection vehicles is addressed. With the independent MacPherson suspension system installed, the basic analysis focuses on the evaluation of the parameters of the so-called quarter car model. To identify a physically motivated continuous description, in practice, dedicated integral-horizontal filters are used. The obtained discrete model, which retains the original parameters, is effectively identified using the classic least squares procedure. Using the method of identification in the sense of the least sum of absolute values, the results of such an assessment become insensitive to sporadic outliers in the sampled data. However, the early signs of possible mechanical defects of the suspension can be seen using the forgetting mechanism. This helps to identify failures that can be recognized by changes in system parameters. Ultimately, the quality of the intelligent vehicle suspension monitoring developed is verified by means of numerical simulations
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Interactions of N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium based ionic liquids with acetonitrile studied by density and velocity of sound measurements and molecular dynamics simulations
- Łukasz Marcinkowski
- Maciej Śmiechowski
- Emil Szepiński
- Adam Kloskowski
- Dorota Warmińska
Morpholinium-based ionic liquids (ILs) and their mixtures with polar co-solvents are an interesting class of emerging electrolytes in electrochemistry that is relatively poorly studied. In this work, densities and sound velocities of four ILs, N-ethyl-N-methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborate, N-butyl-N-methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborate, N-octyl-N-methylmorpho-linium tetrafluoroborate and N-decyl-N-methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborate were measured in acetonitrile (AN) at T = (298.15–328.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. These data were used to calculate the apparent molar volumes and the apparent molar compressibilities as a function of molality. Then, an extrapolation procedure based on Masson and Redlich–Meyer equations were applied to evaluate the values of the limiting apparent molar volume and the limiting apparent molar compressibility. The limiting apparent molar expansibility coefficients were obtained from the slopes of the apparent molar volume at infinite dilution versus temperature. Using molecular dynamics simulations the degree of association of ILs in AN was calculated. Moreover, limiting apparent molar volumes were estimated and compared with the experimental values. The results indicate that the most significant factor controlling the volumetric and acoustic properties of the studied ILs in AN is the size of cation of the ionic liquid. Moreover, AN interacts more strongly with N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium tetrafluoroborates than dimethylsulfoxide and N, N-dimethylformamide, not only by strong ion-dipole interactions, but also by packing effect.
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Interactions of selected mono- and disaccharides with precipitated calcium carbonate particles
- Natalia Czaplicka
- Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
Calcium carbonate is a widespread compound in nature and it can be produced by living organisms in the biomineralization process. Calcite, aragonite and vaterite are anhydrous polymorphic forms of calcium carbonate, wherein the calcite is the most thermodynamically stable. Vaterite is the metastable crystalline phase, which can be a precursor of calcite and aragonite, because it can easily transformed by dissolution and re crystallization into more stable forms. Synthetic CaCO3 obtained in the precipitation process is used as an additive in many products. There are two main methods for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) on the industrial scale, i.e. precipitation in the gas liquid system and in the liquid liquid system. Diverse PCC applications require the use of well defined particles which are characterized by the polymorph composition, the particle morphology and the crystal size distribution. The concentration of reagents, temperature, pH, duration of the reaction and the presence of inorganic and organic additives play an important role during the calcium carbonate formation and influence on the product characteristics. The effect of glucose, fructose, sucrose and trehalose on the precipitation of CaCO3 in the gas liquid system has been investigated and it has been shown that the addition of saccharides into the reaction mixture can influence the polymorph composition of produced precipitates. Saccharides are characterized by different pKa values. The lower the pKa of the saccharide, the lower the initial pH of the aqueous solution. As a consequence, it leads to a longer initial time of reaction. The presence of saccharides in the solution increases the rate of the CO2 absorption. In addition, mono- and disaccharides are able to stabilize the pre-nucleation clusters of CaCO3, i.e. prevent their aggregation and coalescence. In this work, the interaction of selected saccharides has been studied using the NP-HPLC technique. As a stationary phase vaterite and rhombohedral calcite were used, while DMSO was an eluent. Solutions of saccharides in DMSO were samples injected to the tested columns. Among the analyzed disaccharides, trehalose is characterized by the smallest capacity factor for both calcium carbonate polymorphs, thus, it exhibits the weakest adsorptive interactions. Comparing monosaccharides, fructose interacts stronger with vaterite, while higher adsorptive interactions with calcite has been observed for glucose.
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Interactions of telomeric proteins with nucleic acids: sequence recognition on intact and oxidatively damaged telomeres
- Miłosz Wieczór
Telomeres are complex nucleoprotein assemblies that play a vital role in the maintenance of functional ends of linear chromosomes. Telomeric DNA, composed of tandem repeats of the 5'-TTAGGG-3' motif, solves the so-called end replication problem: as chromosomes shorten with each cell division, no information is lost, and the telomere can be re-extended. In the cell, many protein factors regulate telomere length, nuclear positioning and conformation in response to cell cycle progression and the cell's proliferative status. Several proteins bind directly to single- or double-stranded telomeric DNA to assemble the main shelterin complex or play accessory roles. However, these interactions will be perturbed when the easily oxidized telomeric DNA is exposed to oxidative stress. In my doctoral work, I used Molecular Dynamics approaches to study the dynamics of protein-DNA complex formation at telomeres on the atomistic level, arriving at the most comprehensive thermodynamic, kinetic and mechanistic description of this process to date, including the first observation of spontaneous complex formation. I then investigated the impact of oxidative lesions on telomeric proteins, showing how base modifications disrupt sequence recognition on telomeric DNA. Finally, I used quantum chemical simulations to assess the feasibility of covalent protein-DNA cross-link formation on telomeres.
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Interdisciplinary Design Teams in Poland - Architecture as a Tool for Preventing Hospital-Acquired Infections
- Rafał Janowicz
Hospital-acquired infections pose a problem, which directly affects the safe usage of healthcare facilities. On a global scale, the level of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) is estimated to affect 5–15% of those hospitalised. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, on an annual basis, procedures preventing hospital-acquired infections consume 80 billion dollars [1]. In this context, it becomes important to create conditions, which will significantly reduce the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections. Preliminary research in this field has shown that a correctly functioning system reduces the risk of the occurrence of hospital-acquired infections by anywhere from 55% to as much as 70% [2]. Architectural solutions affect sanitary and hygienic safety, as well as epidemiological safety, by appropriately shaping spatial parameters. The article is set to show the relations between architectural actions and epidemiological safety, as well as presenting the need for an on-going assessment of architectural solutions by interdisciplinary teams of specialists.