Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

Ustawienia strony

english
Repozytorium publikacji
Politechniki Gdańskiej

Pokaż publikacje z roku

Ostatnie pozycje

  • Udział w wystawie zbiorowej WETWARE: PROLIFERACJA I PRZECZUCIE
    • Patryk Różycki
    2020

    „WETWARE: PROLIFERACJA I PRZECZUCIE” Wystawa w Instytucie Cybernetyki Sztuki Dzieła sztuki w ich materialnym aspekcie możemy postrzegać jako nośniki informacji programujące i stymulujące przebieg procesów społecznych. Wystawa proponuje namysł nad dziełami sztuki i aktywnościami artystycznymi poprzez pryzmat terminu WETWARE – rozrostu struktur biologicznych i fizycznych umożliwiających przejawianie się procesów mentalnych. Psycholog Karl H. Pribram ukuł termin „wetware”1, dla podkreślenia specyfiki biologicznej w zakresie zdolności przenoszenia poprzez struktury biologiczne (neurony) różnego rodzaju informacji. Marek Rogulski artystki i artyści: Marcin Bożek, Marta Branicka, Flora Ćwirko + Jan Maurycy Adamski, Jowan Czerkas, Urszula Dulewicz, Dorota Grubba Thiede + Danuta Ćwirko Godycka, Tomasz Kopcewicz, Marta Koniarska, Maria Krupa, Monika Krygier + Stefan Krygier + Włodzimierz Pietrzyk, Przemysław Kryszk, Ryszard Ługowski, Krzysztof Malec, Anna Malinowska, Andrzej Egon Fietke Miastkowski, Piotr Tadeusz Mosur, Mateusz Pęk, Katarzyna Podpora, Marek Rogulski, Magdalena Rosman, Patryk Różycki, Wojtek Sosnowski, Urszula Śliz, Xenia Uranova, Marcelo Zammenhoff, Sofia Żezmer.

  • Układy dynamiczne w analizie zachowania się geosyntetyków w kolejowych konstrukcjach inżynierskich
    • Eligiusz Mieloszyk
    • Anita Milewska
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    2020 Pełny tekst Przegląd Komunikacyjny

    W analizie współpracy geosyntetyków z elementami konstrukcji inżynierskiej możemy je traktować jako membrany sprężyste lub powłoki posadowione na różnych rodzajach podłoża. Modelowanie układu rzeczywistego oznacza jego idealizację pod kątem uwzględnienia tych cech ośrodka i jego elementów, które wydają się najistotniejsze z punktu widzenia analizowanego problemu. Zbudowany zostanie model fizyczny, a następnie matematyczny przedstawiony w postaci uogólnionego układu dynamicznego. W tym opisie wykorzystuje się różne operatory. Prowadzą one do układów ciągłych o parametrach rozłożonych. Rozpoczynając od opisu z wykorzystaniem układów dynamicznych ciągłych można przejść do układów dynamicznych dyskretnych. Pozwala na to teoria uogólnionych układów dynamicznych, poprzez wykorzystanie innych operatorów. Takie podejście umożliwia prowadzenie analizy problemu z wykorzystaniem sygnałów ciągłych i dyskretnych. Otrzymane wyniki pozwalają też wyznaczać odpowiedzi analizowanych układów metodami analitycznymi, numerycznymi lub hybrydowymi.

  • Ultrafast degradation of brilliant cresyl blue under hydrodynamic cavitation based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
    • Elvana Cako
    • Kumaravel Dinesh Gunasekaran
    • Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2020 Pełny tekst Water Resources and Industry

    The study highlights effectiveness of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) in the degradation of effluents polluted by Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) dye. Optimal process parameters were cavitation number 0.27, inlet pressure 1.70 bar, temperature 20 °C and pH 7. The efficiency of HC was investigated in combination with other advanced oxidation processes, including the addition of external oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and sodium persulfate) and photooxidation. A detailed investigation of reactive radical species present in the system is also presented. Hybrid processes based on HC revealed the highest synergism. Finally, ultrafast degradation of target oxazine dye (decolorization efficiency of 100%) within the short treatment time of 1 min was developed. The most effective process was a combination of hydrodynamic cavitation and ozonation with a synergistic coefficient of 1.84 and electrical energy per order EEO of 0.03 kWh m⁻³ order⁻¹. The presented solution is ready to be implemented as technology for industrial practice.

  • Ultrasound assisted solvent extraction of porous membrane-packed samples followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of BADGE, BFDGE and their derivatives in packed vegetables
    • Natalia Szczepańska
    • Paweł Kubica
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Błażej Kudłak
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2020 Pełny tekst SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    The problem of the presence of trace organic pollutants in food is of growing importance due to increasing awareness about their impact on newborns, infants and adults of reproductive age. Despite the fact that packaged food products offer many advantages, packaging can be a source of contamination for stored food. Thus, monitoring such pollution in food is of high importance. In this work, a novel methodology based on the solvent extraction of porous membrane-packed samples followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was applied for the determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) and their derivatives in packed vegetables. Several parameters of the extraction process were optimized, including the volume and type of extraction solvent as well as the sonication time. Due to advantages such as simplicity of use, short analysis time, and a reduction in the required amount solvent, the developed procedure can be considered green. In addition, the developed methodology was characterized by good validation parameters. Limit if quantitation (LOQ) was found to be in the range of 0.8 to 1.5 ng/g. The obtained recoveries varied from 78.3% to 111.2%. The repeatability of the extraction ranged between 0.6% and 5.8% (RSD). The proposed method was successfully applied to determine the presence of BADGE, BFDGE and their derivative compounds in the vegetable samples stored in different types of containers. The obtained data indicate that the majority of investigated samples were contaminated by chlorinated and hydroxyl derivatives of BADGE.

  • Ultrasound assisted synthesis of 3-alkynyl substituted 2-chloroquinoxaline derivatives: Their in silico assessment as potential ligands for N-protein of SARS-CoV-2
    • Shaik Shahinshavali
    • Kazi Hossain
    • Abbaraju Venkata Durga Nagendra Kumar
    • Alugubelli Gopi Reddy
    • Deepti Kolli
    • Ali Nakhi
    • Mandava Venkata Basaveswara Rao
    • Manojit Pal
    2020 TETRAHEDRON LETTERS

    In view of recent global pandemic the 3-alkynyl substituted 2-chloroquinoxaline framework has been explored as a potential template for the design of molecules targeting COVID-19. Initial in silico studies of representative compounds to assess their binding affinities via docking into the N-terminal RNA-binding domain (NTD) of N-protein of SARS-CoV-2 prompted further study of these molecules. Thus building of a small library of molecules based on the said template became essential for this purpose. Accordingly, a convenient and environmentally safer method has been developed for the rapid synthesis of 3-alkynyl substituted 2-chloroquinoxaline derivatives under Cu-catalysis assisted by ultrasound. This simple and straightforward method involved the coupling of 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline with commercially available terminal alkynes in the presence of CuI, PPh3 and K2CO3 in PEG-400. Further in silico studies revealed some remarkable observations and established a virtual SAR (Structure Activity Relationship) within the series. Three compounds appeared as potential agents for further studies.

  • Ultrasound-assisted heterogeneous activation of persulfate and peroxymonosulfate by asphaltenes for the degradation of BTEX in water
    • Kirill Fedorov
    • Maksymilian Plata-Gryl
    • Javed Khan
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2020 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

    This study investigated – for the first time - the simultaneous degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX) by persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by asphaltenes (Asph) under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Advantageous properties such as high thermal stability, low production cost and extensive availability make asphaltenes as an appealing carbonaceous material for heterogeneous catalysis. The application of asphaltenes in PS/US increased the degradation of BTEXs from 31%, 34%, 35%, 32% to 78%, 94%, 98% and 98%, while the removal of these compounds in PMS/US system was improved from 26%, 27%, 24%, 20% to 76%, 91%, 97%, 97%, respectively. PS and PMS activation followed a typical sulfate-radical based advanced oxidation processes. In terms of activation of PS and PMS, the particles of asphaltenes intensified formation of reactive radicals by creating additional centers of cavitational events. Moreover, owing to π–π stacking interaction between asphaltenes and sp2-hybridized systems of BTEX, the contaminants undergo adsorption on the surface of asphaltenes and subsequent oxidation by formed radicals. The radical route of BTEX degradation in both PS/US/Asph and PMS/US/Asph systems was mainly contributed by sulfate (SO4•−) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and coexisting superoxide radical anions (O2•−) played a minor role.

  • Ultrastructural analysis of the submandibular sialoliths: Raman spectroscopy and electron back-scatter studies
    • Dmitry Tretiakov
    • Andrzej Skorek
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Joanna Wysocka
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    • Dmitry Tretiakow
    2020 Pełny tekst ULTRASTRUCTURAL PATHOLOGY

    The aim of work was the epidemiological analysis of the occurrence of sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland in adults and the evaluation of the ultrastructure of salivary stones. The study sample consisted of 44 sialoliths. Analysis of the structure and chemical composition of sialoliths was performed using a Scanning Electron Microscope and Raman Spectroscopy. Comparing our results with the literature we can say that the epidemiology of sialolithiasis has not changed significantly over the past 50 years. A wide variety of sialoliths structure was observed. In 75% (33) cases a layered structure of salivary stones was observed, while in 25% (11) – homogeneous structure. The various distribution of organic and inorganic components was observed among all the analyzed sialoliths. Raman spectroscopy allows for preliminary analysis of the sialoliths structure with only a qualitative assessment of their composition, which significantly reduces the research value of this method. The presence of organic and inorganic compounds in the core and inner layers of the salivary glands stones confirms 2 basic theories of the formation of sialoliths: inflammation and deposition of the inorganic component as a result of disruption of saliva flow in the salivary glands.

  • Uncertainty of mass flow measurement using centric and eccentric orifice for Reynolds number in the range 10,000 ≤ Re ≤ 20,000
    • Anna Golijanek-Jędrzejczyk
    • Andrzej Mrowiec
    • Robert Hanus
    • Marcin Zych
    • Dariusz Świsulski
    2020 Pełny tekst MEASUREMENT

    The article analyses the impact of the Reynolds number on the estimated uncertainty of the mass flow rate measurement using an orifice plate. The objects of the research were two types of orifices: centric (ISA) and eccentric, with the diameter ratio β = 0.5. Studies were performed by Monte Carlo simulation and experiments for Reynolds numbers in the range 10,000 ≤ Re ≤ 20,000. The obtained results have shown that for both orifice types, the results obtained from the experiments and from the Monte Carlo simulation are similar. The nature of changes in the expanded uncertainty of the flow measurement is very similar for each type. For the both types of orifices, the value of the expanded uncertainty of the flow measurement increases linearly with the increasing Reynolds number.

  • Underfrequency Load Shedding: An Innovative Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic
    • Robert Małkowski
    • Janusz Nieznański
    2020 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    In contemporary power systems, the load shedding schemes are typically based on disconnecting a pre-specified amount of load after the frequency drops below a predetermined value. The actual conditions at the time of disturbance may largely dier from the assumptions, which can lead to non-optimal or ineective operation of the load shedding scheme. For many years, increasing the eectiveness of the underfrequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes has been the subject of research around the world. Unfortunately, the proposed solutions often require costly technical resources and/or large amounts of real-time data monitoring. This paper puts forth an UFLS scheme characterized by increased eectiveness in the case of large disturbances and reduced disconnected power in the case of small and medium disturbances compared to the conventional load-shedding solutions. These advantages are achieved by replacing time-consuming consecutive load dropping with the simultaneous load dropping mechanism and by replacing ineective fixed-frequency activation thresholds independent of the state of the system with implicit adaptive thresholds based on fuzzy logic computations. The proposed algorithm does not require complex and costly technical solutions. The performance of the proposed scheme was validated using multivariate computer simulations. Selected test results are included in this paper.

  • Understanding the formation of metastable furan dication in collisions with ions
    • Ewa Erdmann
    • Suvasthika Indrajith
    • Jacopo Chiarinelli
    • Sergio Díaz-Tendero
    • Nestor F. Aguirre
    • Manuel Alcamí
    • Alicja Domaracka
    • Patrick Rousseau
    • Bernd Alan Huber
    • Paola Bolognesi
    • Lorenzo Avaldi
    • Marta Łabuda
    2020 Pełny tekst Journal of Physics : Conference Series

    This work relies on complementary theoretical and experimental studies of the processes induced by ion-furan collisions. Results of the Molecular Dynamics simulations and exploration of the energy profiles combined with coincidence mass spectrometry provide complete picture of the fragmentation of furan dication.

  • Underwater in situ local heat treatment by additional stitches for improving the weldability of steel
    • Jacek Tomków
    • Anna Janeczek
    2020 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    In this paper the influence of in situ local heat treatment performed by additional stitches on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) S355J2C+N steel was tested. The investigated steel is characterized by high susceptibility to cold cracking. It is necessary to find a method to improve the quality of welded joints. The local heat treatment was applied as an eect of bead-on plate welding made on the face of a Tekken test joint. The specimens were made by the use of covered electrodes in the water environment. For testing weldability, Tekken test specimens were made. Then, the dierent number of the pad welds with dierent overlapping were laid on the face of the tested welds. Non-destructive (NDT) visual and penetrant tests were undertaken. During the NDT, imperfections like shape mistakes and spatters were found. Then, metallographic macro- and microscopic testing were performed. The macroscopic observations proved that water environment can generate imperfections like cracking and pores. However, for specimens with additional stitches the number of imperfections decreased. Microscopic tests proved that the proposed technique aected the structure of the heat-aected zone (HAZ). The specimens without the application of additional stitches are characterized by brittle bainitic and martensitic structure. Specimens, in which the additional stitches were applied, contain tempered martensite, fine ferrite and fine pearlite in their HAZ. It was also observed that the number of cracks decreased for in situ local heat-treatment specimens. The final step was Vickers HV10 hardness measurement. These measurements confirmed previous results. The heat from additional stitches aected the steel by significantly decreasing the hardness by 80–100 HV10. The results of experiments showed that the heat from pad welds provided microstructural changes in heat-aected zones and a decrease in the susceptibility to cold cracking, which results in improvement in the weldability of HSLA steel in wet welding conditions.

  • Underwater Local Cavity Welding of S460N Steel
    • Jacek Tomków
    • Anna Janeczek
    • Grzegorz Rogalski
    • Adrian Wolski
    2020 Pełny tekst Materials

    In this paper, a comparison of the mechanical properties of high-strength low-alloy S460Nsteel welded joints is presented. The welded joints were made by the gas metal arc welding (GMAW)process in the air environment and water, by the local cavity welding method. Welded joints were testedfollowing the EN ISO 15614-1:2017 standard. After welding, the non-destructive—visual, penetrant,radiographic, and ultrasonic (phased array) tests were performed. In the next step, the destructive tests,as static tensile-, bending-, impact- metallographic (macroscopic and microscopic) tests, and VickersHV10 measurements were made. The influence of weld porosity on the mechanical properties of thetested joints was also assessed. The performed tests showed that the tensile strength of the jointsmanufactured in water (567 MPa) could be similar to the air welded joint (570 MPa). The standarddeviations from the measurements were—47 MPa in water and 33 MPa in the air. However, it was alsostated that in the case of a complex state of stress, for example, bending, torsional and tensile stresses,the welding imperfections (e.g., pores) significantly decrease the properties of the welded joint.In areas characterized by porosity the tensile strength decreased to 503 MPa. Significant differenceswere observed for bending tests. During the bending of the underwater welded joint, a smallerbending angle broke the specimen than was the case during the air welded joint bending. Also,the toughness and hardness of joints obtained in both environments were different. The minimumtoughness for specimens welded in water was 49 J (in the area characterized by high porosity) and inthe air it was 125 J (with a standard deviation of 23 J). The hardness in the heat-affected zone (HAZ)for the underwater joint in the non-tempered area was above 400 HV10 (with a standard deviation of37 HV10) and for the air joint below 300 HV10 (with a standard deviation of 17 HV10). The performedinvestigations showed the behavior of S460N steel, which is characterized by a high value of carbonequivalent (CeIIW) 0.464%, during local cavity welding.

  • Underwater Navigation Ssystem Based on Doppler Shift – Measurements and Error Estimations
    • Zawisza Ostrowski
    • Roman Salamon
    • Iwona Kochańska
    • Jacek Marszal
    2020 Pełny tekst Polish Maritime Research

    A new acoustic navigation system was developed to determine the position and speed of moving underwater objects such as divers and underwater vehicles. The path of an object and its speed were determined by the Doppler shifts of acoustic signals emitted by a transmitter placed on the object and received by four hydrophones installed at the periphery of the monitored body of water. The position and speed measurements were affected by errors mainly caused by acoustic reflections (returns) from the water body boundaries and surface reverberations. This paper discusses the source of the disturbances with the results of a simulation test and experimental measurements. It was demonstrated that the magnitude of the errors could be acceptable in most of the potential applications of the acoustic navigation system.

  • Unidirectional DC/DC Converter with Voltage Inverter for Fast Charging of Electric Vehicle Batteries
    • Jerzy, Ryszard Szymanski
    • Marta Żurek-mortka
    • Daniel Wojciechowski
    • Nikolai Poliakov
    2020 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    The paper proposes the adaptation of the industrial plant’s power network to supply electric vehicle (EV) fast-charging converters (above 300 kW) using renewable energy sources (RESs). A 600 V DC microgrid was used to supply energy from RESs for the needs of variable speed motor drives and charging of EV batteries. It has been shown that it is possible to support the supply of drive voltage frequency converters (VFCs) and charging of EV batteries converters with renewable energy from a 600 V DC microgrid, which improves the power quality indicators in the power system. The possibility of implementing the fast EV batteries charging station to the industrial plant’s power system in such a way that the system energy demand is not increased has also been shown. The EV battery charging station using the drive converter has been presented, as well as the results of simulation and laboratory tests of the proposed solution.

  • Unieuro
    • Luciano Segreto
    2020

    .

  • Unifying Aspects of Generalized Calculus
    • Marek Czachor
    2020 Pełny tekst ENTROPY

    Non-Newtonian calculus naturally unifies various ideas that have occurred over the years in the field of generalized thermostatistics, or in the borderland between classical and quantum information theory. The formalism, being very general, is as simple as the calculus we know from undergraduate courses of mathematics. Its theoretical potential is huge, and yet it remains unknown or unappreciated.

  • Unlocking creativity with new technologies
    • Norbert Piotrowski
    2020 World Aerosols. The Voice of the Aerosol Industry

    Artificial intelligence, augmented and virtual reality, Internet of Things and digital twins are just a few concepts related to the fourth industrial revolution that is happening right before our eyes. The key question asked by managers in the aerosol sector recently is: what does all this new technology mean to me?

  • Untargeted Lipidomics Analysis of the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: Lipid Composition Variation in Response to Alternative Cultivation Setups and to Gene Deletion
    • Weronika Hewelt-Belka
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    • Paula Tamagnini
    • Paulo Oliveira
    2020 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    Cyanobacteria play an important role in several ecological environments, and they are widely accepted to be the ancestors of chloroplasts in modern plants and green algae. Cyanobacteria have become attractive models for metabolic engineering, with the goal of exploring them as microbial cell factories. However, the study of cyanobacterial lipids’ composition and variation, and the assessment of the lipids’ functional and structural roles have been largely overlooked. Here, we aimed at expanding the cyanobacterial lipidomic analytical pipeline by using an untargeted lipidomics approach. Thus, the lipid composition variation of the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 was investigated in response to both alternative cultivation setups and gene deletion. This approach allowed for detecting differences in total lipid content, alterations in fatty-acid unsaturation level, and adjustments of specific lipid species among the identified lipid classes. The employed method also revealed that the cultivation setup tested in this work induced a deeper alteration of the cyanobacterial cell lipidome than the deletion of a gene that results in a dramatic increase in the release of lipid-rich outer membrane vesicles. This study further highlights how growth conditions must be carefully selected when cyanobacteria are to be engineered and/or scaled-up for lipid or fatty acids production.

  • Upper Limb Bionic Orthoses: General Overview and Forecasting Changes
    • Gustaw Rzyman
    • Jacek Szkopek
    • Grzegorz Redlarski
    • Aleksander Pałkowski
    2020 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    Using robotics in modern medicine is slowly becoming a common practice. However, there are still important life science fields which are currently devoid of such advanced technology. A noteworthy example of a life sciences field which would benefit from process automation and advanced robotic technology is rehabilitation of the upper limb with the use of an orthosis. Here, we present the state-of-the-art and prospects for development of mechanical design, actuator technology, control systems, sensor systems, and machine learning methods in rehabilitation engineering. Moreover, current technical solutions, as well as forecasts on improvement, for exoskeletons are presented and reviewed. The overview presented might be the cornerstone for future research on advanced rehabilitation engineering technology, such as an upper limb bionic orthosis.

  • Uproszczone metody obliczania cylindrycznych silosów z blachy falistej i słupów cienkościennych
    • Karol Rejowski
    • Piotr Iwicki
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2020 Pełny tekst Inżynieria i Budownictwo

    Celem artykułu jest wyznaczenie nośności wyboczeniowej trzech silosów wykonanych z falistej blachy ze sfałdowaniem w kierunku obwodowym, wzmocnionych słupami pionowymi stosując modele MES całych konstrukcji i ich segmentów oraz porównanie obliczonej nośności wyboczeniowej z Eurokodem 3, poprawkami do Eurokodu 3 i metodą zaproponowaną w literaturze. Nowym elementem analizowanym w pracy jest porównanie różnych metod analitycznych z wynikami analiz MES oraz procedurami normowymi. W artykule zweryfikowano także metodę opisaną w literaturze dla silosów, w których słupy miały zmienny przekrój poprzeczny, dopasowany do wypadkowych obciążeń w słupach.

  • Urban regeneration in urban functional areas in Poland as an instrument of implementation of the EU Cohesion Policy
    • Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska
    • Hanna Obracht-Prondzyńska
    2020 GROWTH AND CHANGE

    This study examines the role of urban regeneration policies in planning and governance within urban functional areas (UFAs) in Poland, in the context of the EU Cohesion Policy (CP). The empirical part of this study is based on comparing the approaches adopted in two Polish regions: Pomerania and Silesia. We describe the first successes but also the bottlenecks of the process, from negotiations and programming up to the implementation of the first tranche of integrated projects. We consider the factors that strengthen planning and governance within UFAs, while simultaneously influencing the local development, and territorial impacts of the EU Cohesion Policy in the given regions. This study is based on interviews with national, regional, and local actors. It defines the role of urban regeneration policies in shaping local socio‐economic and spatial development in these regions and identifies the conditions required for the implementation of urban regeneration in functional areas. We also draw lessons for the future CP programming period from the experience of Polish regions, among the main beneficiaries of the EU Cohesion Policy. By evaluating the influence of Cohesion Policy at different government levels, our study may influence the discourse on its future, particularly in the context of strengthening the cooperation and multilevel governance.

  • Urban Vegetation in Air Quality Management: A Review and Policy Framework
    • Joanna Badach
    • Małgorzata Dymnicka
    • Andrzej Baranowski
    2020 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    Recent episodes of high air pollution concentration levels in many Polish cities indicate the urgent need for policy change and for the integration of various aspects of urban development into a common platform for local air quality management. In this article, the focus was placed on the prospects of improving urban air quality through proper design and protection of vegetation systems within local spatial planning strategies. Recent studies regarding the mitigation of air pollution by urban greenery due to deposition and aerodynamic effects were reviewed, with special attention given to the design guidelines resulting from these studies and their applicability in the process of urban planning. The conclusions drawn from the review were used to conduct three case studies: in Gdańsk, Warsaw, and Poznan, Poland. The existing local urban planning regulations for the management of urban greenery were critically evaluated in relation to the findings of the review. The results indicate that the current knowledge regarding the improvement of urban air quality by vegetation is not applied in the process of urban planning to a sufficient degree. Some recommendations for alternative provisions were discussed.

  • Urchin-like TiO2 structures decorated with lanthanide-doped Bi2S3 quantum dots to boost hydrogen photogeneration performance
    • Magdalena Miodynska
    • Alicja Mikolajczyk
    • Beata Bajorowicz
    • Julia Zwara
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Wojciech Lisowski
    • Grzegorz Trykowski
    • Henry P. Pinto
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    2020 Pełny tekst APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

    The formation of heterojunctions between wide- and narrow-bandgap photocatalysts is commonly employed to boost the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Herein, the photoactivity of urchin-like rutile particles is increased by decorating with pristine as well as Er- or Yb-doped Bi2S3 quantum dots (QDs) at varied QD loadings (1–20 wt%) and doping degrees (1–15 mol%), and the best hydrogen evolution performance is achieved at Er and Yb contents of 10 mol%. Specifically, a hydrogen productivity of 1576.7 μmol gcat −1 is achieved after 20-h irradiation for TiO2 decorated by 10 mol% Yb-doped Bi2S3 QDs. Theoretical calculations show that the introduction of defects into the Bi2S3 lattice through Er/Yb doping promotes the creation of new energy levels and facilitates the transport of photogenerated charges during photocatalysis.

  • Usability of mobile applications: a systematic literature study
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2020 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    Since the release of the first mobile devices, the usability of on-board applications has been the concern not only of software vendors but hardware manufacturers as well. The academia community later willingly joined the discussion on usability in terms of theory and empirical measurement, having experience and knowledge in desktop settings. At first sight, such a background should guarantee a solid foundation to conduct research on software usability in a new setting. However, a preliminary study on the subject matter revealed methodological disorder in contemporary literature. As a matter of fact, a need emerged to review existing usability definitions, attributes and measures to recognize all associated aspects. In order to fill this void, we conducted a systematic literature review on usability studies indexed by the Scopus database and devoted to mobile applications. The input volume covers 790 documents from 2001 to 2018. The data analysis shows that the ISO 9241–11 usability definition has been adopted in an unchanged form and popularized as the standard by the HCI community. Secondly, in total, 75 attributes were identified and analysed. The most frequent are efficiency (70%), satisfaction (66%) and effectiveness (58%), which directly originate from the above definition. Subsequently, the less frequent are learnability (45%), memorability (23%), cognitive load (19%) and errors (17%). The last two concern simplicity (13%) and ease of use (9%). Thirdly, in the evaluation of usability, controlled observation and surveys are two major research methods applied, while eye-tracking, thinking aloud and interview are hardly used and serve as complementary to collect additional data. Moreover, usability evaluations are often confused with user experience dimensions, covering not only application quality characteristics, but also user beliefs, emotions and preferences. All these results indicate the need for further research on the usability of mobile applications, aiming to establish a consensus in the theory and practice among all interested parties.

  • Use of pyridinium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids for removal of toluene from gas streams
    • Iwona Cichowska-Kopczyńska
    • Robert Aranowski
    2020 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    Separation of toluene from a toluene/N2 gas mixture using supported liquid membranes based on a series of pyridinium (1-butylpyridinium- bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide - [C4Py][Tf2N], 1-hexylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfone [C6Py][Tf2N]) and pyrrolidinium (1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide - [C4Pyrr][Tf2N], 1-hexyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide - [C6Pyrr][Tf2N], 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethanesulfone - [C4Pyrr][TfO]) ionic liquids (ILs) was studied over a wide range of temperatures. The toluene permeability and selectivity of separation was investigated in terms of cation and anion type. It was found that both pyridinium and pyrrolidinium ILs show high toluene permeability, up to 2034 barrers, with satisfying separation selectivity. An analysis of two key factors that have an influence on this process, that is diffusion in a form of resistance resulting from the viscosity of membrane liquid and the solubility expressed by the partition coefficient, was made.

  • Using Fast Frequency Hopping Technique to Improve Reliability of Underwater Communication System
    • Jan Schmidt
    2020 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    Acoustic underwater communication systems designed to work reliably in shallow coastal waters must overcome major limitations such as multipath propagation and the Doppler effect. These restrictions are the reason for the complexity of receivers being built, whose task is to decode a symbol on the basis of the received signal. Additional complications are caused by the low propagation speed of the acoustic wave in the water and the relatively narrow bandwidth. Despite the continuous development of communication systems using coherent modulations, they are still not as reliable as is desirable for reliable data transmission applications. This article presents an acoustic underwater communication system that uses one of the varieties of the spread spectrum technique i.e., the fast frequency hopping technique (FFH). This technique takes advantage of binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK) with an incoherent detection method to ensure the implementation of a system whose main priority is reliable data transmission and secondary priority is the transmission rate. The compromised choice of parameters consisted of the selection between the narrow band of the hydroacoustic transducer and the maximum number of carrier frequency hops, which results from the need to take into account the effects of the Doppler effect. In turn, the number of hops and the symbol duration were selected adequately for the occurrence of multipath propagations of an acoustic wave. In addition, this article describes experimental communication tests carried out using a laboratory model of the FFH-BFSK data transmission system in the shallow water environment of Lake Wdzydze/Poland. The test results obtained for three channels of different lengths are discussed.

  • Using Moodle as a Solution to Interdisciplinary E-collaboration Issues
    • Ewa Kozłowska
    2020 Pełny tekst International Journal of Research in E-learning

    Rapid technological development in recent years has contributed to numerous changes in many areas of life, including education and communication. Establishing interdisciplinary collaboration brings many benefits, however, it is often associated with numerous problems and inconveniences, as well as the need of constant improvement, lifelong learning, professional development (CPD) and finding an effective way of information transferring. Living in a constant rush makes logical order of information transferring become a key aspect, as more and more operations are being done chaotically using multiple online tools. Although collaboration happens to be complicated even for colleagues specializing in different aspects of the same profession, establishing cooperation between specific groups of interdisciplinary specialists, such as engineers and physicians, has a significant impact on modern diagnostics and medical treatment development. Based on some selected case studies investigated at Gdańsk University of Technology and Medical University of Gdańsk, supported by an overview of the available education and collaboration tools, a solution based on the Moodle LMS platform has been proposed, implemented, and analyzed.

  • Using UAV Photogrammetry to Analyse Changes in the Coastal Zone Based on the Sopot Tombolo (Salient) Measurement Project
    • Pawel Burdziakowski
    • Cezary Specht
    • Pawel S. Dabrowski
    • Mariusz Specht
    • Oktawia Lewicka
    • Artur Makar
    2020 Pełny tekst SENSORS

    The main factors influencing the shape of the beach, shoreline and seabed include undulation, wind and coastal currents. These phenomena cause continuous and multidimensional changes in the shape of the seabed and the Earth’s surface, and when they occur in an area of intense human activity, they should be constantly monitored. In 2018 and 2019, several measurement campaigns took place in the littoral zone in Sopot, related to the intensive uplift of the seabed and beach caused by the tombolo phenomenon. In this research, a unique combination of bathymetric data obtained from an unmanned surface vessel, photogrammetric data obtained from unmanned aerial vehicles and ground laser scanning were used, along with geodetic data from precision measurements with receivers of global satellite navigation systems. This paper comprehensively presents photogrammetric measurements made from unmanned aerial vehicles during these campaigns. It describes in detail the problems in reconstruction within the water areas, analyses the accuracy of various photogrammetric measurement techniques, proposes a statistical method of data filtration and presents the changes that occurred within the studies area. The work ends with an interpretation of the causes of changes in the land part of the littoral zone and a summary of the obtained results.

  • Utility analysis and rating of energy storages in trolleybus power supply system
    • Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk
    • Leszek Jarzębowicz
    2020 Pełny tekst

    The article discusses two energy storage applications in power supply system of public electrified transport. The first application aims at reducing the peak power of the traction substation. The second application increases effectiveness of using solar power plant to cover partial power demand of traction supply system. These two applications were discussed and analyzed based on trolleybus supply system in Gdynia, where most measurements were recorded.

  • Utilization of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide and Industrial Ca-rich Waste for Calcium Carbonate Precipitation: A Review
    • Natalia Czaplicka
    • Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
    2020 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    Technologies for the management of various types of waste and the production of useful products from them are currently widely studied. Both carbon dioxide and calcium-rich waste from various production processes are problematic wastes that can be used to produce calcium carbonate. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview about the state of the development of processes that use these two wastes to obtain a valuable CaCO3 powder. The paper reviews the current research on the use of post-distillation liquid from the Solvay process, steelmaking slag, concrete, cement, and gypsum waste as well as some others industrial Ca-rich waste streams in the calcium carbonate precipitation process via carbonation route. This work is an attempt to collect the available information on the possibility of influencing the characteristics of the obtained calcium carbonate. It also indicates the possible limitations and implementation problems of the proposed technologies.

  • Utilizing Genome-Wide mRNA Profiling to Identify the Cytotoxic Chemotherapeutic Mechanism of Triazoloacridone C-1305 as Direct Microtubule Stabilization
    • Jarosław Króliczewski,
    • Sylwia Bartoszewska
    • Magdalena Dudkowska
    • Dorota Janiszewska
    • Agnieszka Biernatowska
    • David Crossman
    • Karol Krzymiński
    • Małgorzata Wysocka
    • Anna Romanowska
    • Maciej Bagiński
    • Michal Markuszewski
    • Renata J. Ochocka
    • James F. Collawn
    • Aleksander F. Sikorski
    • Ewa Sikora
    • Rafal Bartoszewski
    2020 Pełny tekst Cancers

    Rational drug design and in vitro pharmacology profiling constitute the gold standard in drug development pipelines. Problems arise, however, because this process is often dicult due to limited information regarding the complete identification of a molecule’s biological activities. The increasing aordability of genome-wide next-generation technologies now provides an excellent opportunity to understand a compound’s diverse eects on gene regulation. Here, we used an unbiased approach in lung and colon cancer cell lines to identify the early transcriptomic signatures of C-1305 cytotoxicity that highlight the novel pathways responsible for its biological activity. Our results demonstrate that C-1305 promotes direct microtubule stabilization as a part of its mechanism of action that leads to apoptosis. Furthermore, we show that C-1305 promotes G2 cell cycle arrest by modulating gene expression. The results indicate that C-1305 is the first microtubule stabilizing agent that also is a topoisomerase II inhibitor. This study provides a novel approach and methodology for delineating the antitumor mechanisms of other putative anticancer drug candidates.

  • UV Light-Modulated Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas Sensing by Layers of Graphene Flakes/TiO2 Nanoparticles
    • Janusz Smulko
    • Tomasz Chludziński
    • Umut Çindemir
    • Claes-Goran Granqvist
    • He Wen
    2020 Pełny tekst Journal of Sensors

    We present experimental results of fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing by low-cost resistive sensors made of a mixture of graphene flakes and TiO2 nanoparticles. Both components are photocatalytic and activated by UV light. Two UV LEDs of different wavelengths (362 and 394 nm) were applied to modulate the gas sensing of the layers. Resistance noise was recorded at low frequencies, between 8 Hz and 10 kHz. The sensors’ response was observed in an ambient atmosphere of synthetic air and toxic NO2 at selected concentrations (5, 10, and 15 ppm). We observed that flicker noise changed its frequency dependence at different UV light wavelengths, thereby providing additional information about the ambient atmosphere. The power spectral density changed by a few times as a result of UV light irradiation. The sensors were operated at 60 and 120°C, and the effect of UV light on gas sensing was most apparent at low operating temperature. We conclude that UV light activates the gas-sensing layer and improves gas detection at low concentrations of NO2. This result is desirable for the detection of the components of gas mixtures, and the modulated sensor can replace an array of independent resistive sensors which would consume much more energy for heating. We also suggest that a more advanced technology for preparing the gas-sensing layer, by use of spin coating, will produce corresponding layers with thickness of about a few μm, which is about ten times less than that for the tested samples. The effects induced by the applied UV light, having a penetration depth of only a few μm, would then be amplified.

  • Uwarunkowania realizacji kontrapasa autobusowego w zmiennokierunkowej organizacji ruchu
    • Jacek Oskarbski
    • Karol Żarski
    2020 Pełny tekst Transport Miejski i Regionalny

    Polskie miasta wprowadzają rozwiązania mające na celu zachęcanie do korzystania z alternatywnych do podróży samochodem sposobów przemieszczania się, w tym transportem zbiorowym, co może przyczynić się do zmniejszenia zatłoczenia sieci ulicznej. Jednym z przykładów takich działań jest wprowadzenie dedykowanego zmiennokierunkowego pasa autobusowego na jednej z głównych arterii miasta Gdyni. Jest to pierwsze rozwiązanie w Polsce, które zostało uruchomione pod koniec ubiegłego roku. Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie innowacyjnego rozwiązania oraz wskazanie jego wad i zalet oraz problemów, które pojawiły się na etapie wdrożenia. Przedstawiono ponadto metodę szacowania efektywności zmian w organizacji ruchu na podstawie badań terenowych i symulacyjnych, którą zastosowano podczas procesu planowania usprawnień.

  • Uwarunkowania użytkowania podłóg przemysłowych - Błędy projektowe
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    • Tomasz Majewski
    2020 Pełny tekst Inżynier Budownictwa

    Celem artykułu jest wskazanie błędów popełnianych najczęściej przy projektowaniu podłóg przemysłowych. Opisane błędy mają wpływ na powstanie usterek i uszkodzeń zarówno przed, jak i w okresie ich eksploatacji.

  • Uwarunkowania użytkowania podłóg przemysłowych . Błędy wykonawcze
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    • Tomasz Majewski
    2020 Pełny tekst Inżynier Budownictwa

    Celem artykułu jest wskazanie błędów najczęściej popełnianych w trakcie realizacji podłóg przemysłowych. Podobnie jak błędy projektowe maja one wpływ na powstawanie usterek i uszkodzeń zarówno przed, jak również w okresie eksploatacji podłóg przemysłowych. Artykuł ma charakter studium przypadku i został ograniczony do wybranej sytuacji z praktyki inżynierskiej

  • Uwierzytelnienie i autoryzacja w systemie STRADAR
    • Sylwester Kaczmarek
    • Marcin Narloch
    • Maciej Sac
    2020 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    Przedstawiono rozwiązanie serwera uwierzytelnienia i autoryzacji (AA) w rozproszonym systemie STRADAR, udostępniającym funkcjonalności dla prowadzenia działań operacyjnych Morskiego Oddziału Straży Granicznej. System umożliwia prezentację na stanowisku wizualizacji zdarzeń (SWZ) bieżącej i archiwalnej sytuacji na mapie (AIS, radary), obrazu z kamer, zdjęć, notatek, rozmów telefonicznych oraz plików i wiadomości tekstowych (SMS) wymienianych przez funkcjonariuszy Straży Granicznej. Serwer AA udostępnia administratorowi systemu STRADAR funkcje związane z zarządzaniem kontami operatorów SWZ, w tym dodawanie, edycję i usuwanie kont operatorów, definiowanie uprawnień operatorów, a także wyświetlenie historii działań na poszczególnych kontach operatorów. W artykule opisano architekturę, interfejs użytkownika oraz testy oprogramowania serwera AA.

  • Użytkownicy sieci portów jachtowych obszaru South Coast Baltic w świetle badań
    • Marcin Forkiewicz
    2020

    South Coast Baltic jest obszarem turystyki żeglarskiej od Stralsundu w Niemczech, przez polskie wybrzeże Morza Bałtyckiego, do Kłajpedy na Litwie, obejmującym także duńską wyspę Bornholm oraz okolice rosyjskiego Kaliningradu. Głównym produktem turystycznym destynacji South Coast Baltic jest transgraniczna sieć portów jachtowych zlokalizowanych w ponad 130 miastach i miejscowościach, oferująca swoim klientom ok. dziesięć tysięcy miejsc postoju jachtów. Celem pracy jest identyfikacja form współpracy i organizacji portów jachtowych obszaru South Coast Baltic przez pryzmat wielokryterialnej charakterystyki ich użytkowników, tj. żeglarzy odbywających wielodniowe rejsy jachtami żaglowymi i motorowymi. Zdefiniowanej w ten sposób kategorii klientów, porty jachtowe oferują usługi związane postojem jachtów prywatnych i czarterowanych oraz pobytem członków załóg. Charakterystyka użytkowników sieci portów jachtowych obszaru South Coast Baltic stanowi pierwszy etap analizy strategicznej destynacji turystyki żeglarskiej południowego wybrzeża Morza Bałtyckiego. Dzięki kompleksowemu ujęciu problematyki klientów portów jachtowych zawiera mnóstwo inspirujących wskazówek do dalszych badań w wielu aspektach, np. morskiej turystyki żeglarskiej, zarządzania portami jachtowymi oraz rozwoju regionalnego miejscowości portowych i regionów nadmorskich. Ich celem powinno być opracowanie zintegrowanej strategii zarządzania obszarem South Coast Baltic z jego kluczowym transgranicznym produktem turystycznym – międzyorganizacyjną siecią portów jachtowych. Książka jest adresowana do wszystkich interesariuszy portów jachtowych południowego wybrzeża Morza Bałtyckiego.

  • Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization and ionic fragmentation of the isoxazole molecules
    • Tomasz Wąsowicz
    • Antti Kivimaki
    • Daniele Catone
    • Robert Richter
    2020 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY

    The photofragmentation of the isoxazole molecules producing ionized atomic and molecular fragments was investigated in the photon energy range of 9e32 eV, using synchrotron radiation excitation combined with ion time-of-flight spectrometry. Twenty-one well resolved cations were identified in the mass spectra of the isoxazole, and their appearance energies were determined. The yield curves of these cations were obtained in the photon energy ranges from their appearance energies up to 32 eV. Moreover, the total ion yield of isoxazole was recorded with high precision in the photon energy range of 9.9e10.5 eV. This allowed the determination of the adiabatic ionization energy of 9.96 (0.02) eV in excellent agreement with earlier spectroscopic studies. Our results show that the dissociative ionization of isoxazole starts from the ring-opening and isomerization of isoxazole, and further it follows strictly through its ionic states. Possible ionic fragmentation channels yielding particular ions are discussed.

  • Validation Process for Computational Model of Full-Scale Segment for Design of Composite Footbridge
    • Tomasz Ferenc
    • Tomasz Mikulski
    2020 Pełny tekst Polish Maritime Research

    Experimental tests and numerical simulations of a full-scale segment of a foot and cycle bridge made of polymer composites are presented in the paper. The analysed structure is made of sandwich panels, which consist of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) multi-layered laminate faces and a PET foam (obtained from recycling) core. The dimensions of the segment cross-section are the same as for the target footbridge; however, span length was reduced to 3 m. The experimental tests were conducted in a laboratory of the Faculty of Ocean Engineering and Ship Technology at Gdansk University of Technology. A single vertical force was generated by a hydraulic cylinder and was applied to the platform of the structure. The experimental tests were supported by numerical analyses performed in Femap with NX Nastran software by means of the finite element method (FEM). Results obtained in the computational model were compared with results from experiments. Thus, the numerical model was validated and the obtained conclusions were used in the next step of the design process of a composite footbridge with a span length of 14.5 m.

  • Variable‐fidelity modeling of antenna input characteristics using domain confinement and two‐stage Gaussian process regression surrogates
    • Pieter Jacobs
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2020 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MODELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS DEVICES AND FIELDS

    The major bottleneck of electromagnetic (EM)-driven antenna design is the high CPU cost of massive simulations required by parametric optimization, uncertainty quantification, or robust design procedures. Fast surrogate models may be employed to mitigate this issue to a certain extent. Unfortunately, the curse of dimensionality is a serious limiting factor, hindering the construction of conventional data-driven models valid over wide ranges of the antenna parameters and operating conditions. This paper proposes a novel surrogate modeling approach that capitalizes on two recently proposed frameworks: the nested kriging approach and two-stage Gaussian process regression (GPR). In our methodology, the first-level surrogate of nested kriging is applied to define the confined domain of the model in which the final surrogate is constructed using two-stage GPR. The latter permits blending information from a sparsely-sampled high-fidelity EM simulation model and a densely-sampled low-fidelity (or coarse-mesh) model. This combination enables significant computational savings in terms of training data acquisition while retaining excellent predictive power of the surrogate. At the same time, the proposed framework inherits all the benefits of nested kriging, including ease of uniform sampling of the confined domain as well as straightforward generation of a good initial design for surrogate model optimization. Comprehensive benchmarking carried out using two antenna examples demonstrates superiority of our technique over conventional surrogates (unconfined domain), and standard GPR applied to the confined domain. Application examples for antenna optimization are also provided.

  • Vehicle Detection with Self-Training for Adaptative Video Processing Embedded Platform
    • Sebastian Cygert
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    2020 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    Traffic monitoring from closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras on embedded systems is the subject of the performed experiments. Solving this problem encounters difficulties related to the hardware limitations, and possible camera placement in various positions which affects the system performance. To satisfy the hardware requirements, vehicle detection is performed using a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), named SqueezeDet, while, for tracking, the Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (SORT) algorithm is applied, allowing for real-time processing on an NVIDIA Jetson Tx2. To allow for adaptation of the system to the deployment environment, a procedure was implemented leading to generating labels in an unsupervised manner with the help of background modelling and the tracking algorithm. The acquired labels are further used for fine-tuning the model, resulting in a meaningful increase in the traffic estimation accuracy, and moreover, adding only minimal human effort to the process allows for further accuracy improvement. The proposed methods, and the results of experiments organised under real-world test conditions are presented in the paper.

  • Verification of GNSS Measurements of the Railway Track Using Standard Techniques for Determining Coordinates
    • Cezary Specht
    • Andrzej Wilk
    • Władysław Koc
    • Krzysztof Karwowski
    • Paweł Dąbrowski
    • Mariusz Specht
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    • Piotr Chrostowski
    • Jacek Szmagliński
    • Krzysztof Czaplewski
    • Jacek Skibicki
    • Sławomir Judek
    • Roksana Licow
    2020 Pełny tekst Remote Sensing

    The problem of the reproduction of the railway geometric layout in the global spatial system is currently solved in the form of measurements that use geodetic railway networks and also, in recent years, efficient methods of mobile positioning (mainly satellite and inert). The team of authors from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia as part of the research project InnoSatTrack is looking for effective and efficient methods for the inventory of railway lines. The research is part of a wider investigation BRIK (Research and Development in Railway Infrastructure, in polish: Badania i Rozwój w Infrastrukturze Kolejowej). This paper presents a comparative analysis of the problem of the reproduction of the trajectory of the measuring system using tacheometry, satellite measurements made using a measurement trolley, and mobile satellite measurements. Algorithms enabling the assessment of the compliance of satellite measurements with classic tacheometric measurements were presented. To this end, the authors held measurement sessions using modern geodetic instruments and satellite navigation on a section of the railway line. The results of the measurements indicate the convergence of the level of accuracy achieved by different measuring techniques.

  • Vibration and buckling characteristics of nonlocal beam placed in a magnetic field embedded in Winkler–Pasternak elastic foundation using a new refined beam theory: an analytical approach
    • Subrat Kumar Subrat
    • S. Chakraverty
    • Mohammad Malikan
    2020 Pełny tekst European Physical Journal Plus

    In this article, a new refined beam theory, namely one variable first-order shear deformation theory, has been employed to study the vibration and buckling characteristics of nonlocal beam. The beam is exposed to an axial magnetic field and embedded in Winkler–Pasternak foundation. The von Kármán hypothesis along with Hamilton’s principle has been implemented to derive the governing equations for both the vibration and buckling studies, and closed-form solutions are obtained for simply supported beam using the Navier’s approach. Further, a parametric study has been conducted to explore the impacts of small-scale parameter, Winkler modulus, shear modulus and magnetic field intensity on natural frequencies and critical buckling loads.

  • Virtual inertia in Electric Power System
    • Zbigniew Lubośny
    2020 Automatyka Elektryka Zakłócenia

    The article presents the idea of introducing virtual inertia system to the electric power systems. The virtual inertia aim is to reduce or eliminate the effect of reducing the inertia of the power system as a result of replacing classic electricity generating units with renewable renergy sources (RES). The considerations are ilustrated by a computational example.

  • Virtual reality technology in architectural education
    • Agnieszka Gębczyńska-Janowicz
    2020 Pełny tekst World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    Contemporary virtual reality (VR) technology allows the recreation of non-existent architectural objects of which there may be no trace remaining. Virtual reality applications allow access to digital models, which visualise the lost architecture. The popularity of VR has resulted in it being applied not only to computer games, but also in visualising the past. Maps allow movement through historical trails and 3D models of architecture that no longer exist can be activated on tablets that allow topographic points of modern space to be overlaid with virtual perspectives of historical architecture. In the future, such technology will be applied to develop outdoor exhibitions in memorial sites. They are nowadays used by students during classes in architectural and urban design, so as to make the visualisation of design issues more interesting. The aim of this article is to review the possibilities of the application of VR technologyin student projects in architectural education.

  • Virtual reality tools in teaching the conservation and history of Polish architecture
    • Szymon Kowalski
    • Piotr Samól
    • Robert Hirsch
    2020 Pełny tekst World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    Virtual reality and its impact on teaching conservation and architectural history is the subject of this article. During the COVID-19 crisis in 2020, the education of students of architecture was transferred by Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Gdańsk, Poland, to distance learning. This method has provided academics an opportunity to examine the impact of virtual reality and remote education on architectural history and conservation. The outcome of that examination - not of graphical skills typical of architecture - but rather of spatial imagination in a three-dimensional environment is presented and discussed in this article.

  • Virulence, antifungal susceptibility and molecular mechanisms of echinocandin resistance among Candida isolates recovered from clinical specimens
    • Martyna Mroczyńska
    2020

    Fungi of the genus Candida belong to the natural microflora of healthy individuals. However, they can also be a cause of opportunistic infections especially among patients with an impaired immune system. The first line therapy of Candida infections is based on triazoles. However, in recent years there an increase of azole resistant Candida spp., in particular C. glabrata and C. krusei, has been observed. For this reason, echinocandin drugs are increasingly being used. Epidemiological studies conducted around the world indicate a low level of Candida resistance to echinocandins. However, echinocandin resistance for C. glabrata is still increasing and in 2015 it was estimated to be over 13%. In the presented PhD dissertation, the echinocandin susceptibility tests was performed for the first time on a microdilution broth of 242 Candida isolates collected from Polish hospitals, and resulted in the finding that 6.6% of isolates are echinocandin resistant. Moreover, the molecular mechanism was investigated by the examination of the mutations occurring in the FKS1 gene encoding the glucan synthase – the molecular target of echinocandin. The FKS1 gene mutation (T4072C) that contributes to echinocandin resistance has been identified in single C. albicans and C. inconspicua isolates. Another part of this research was to investigate the influence of anidulafungin and micafungin exposure to the susceptibility to echinocandin and the expression level of CHS1, CRZ1, CRZ2, UTR2 and HSP90 genes. Anidulafungin exposure cause the overexpression of CHS1 and CRZ2. After the exposure of anidulafungin and then the removal of this compound from the medium the expression level of CHS1, UTR2 and CRZ1 was higher than the initial expression of these genes. The pathogenicity of Candida isolates was also tested using Galleria mellonella larvae as the host organism. The obtained results were compared with the enzymatic activity of different virulence factors. Mortality of G. mellonella larvae infected with different Candida species was distinguished between virulent and non-virulent phenotypes. C. albicans were the most pathogenic species and produced the highest amount of virulence factors, while most C. parapsilosis isolates were avirulent. The pathogenicity of Candida isolates examined in G. mellonella larvae is correlated with protease, haemolysins and esterase activity among Candida clinical isolates.

  • Visual Capacity Assessment of the Open Landscape in Terms of Protection and Shaping: Case Study of a Village in Poland
    • Anna Górka
    2020 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    This article describes the methodology and results of research on landscape visual capacity. The aim of the project was to develop a tool that would support planning and design decisions at the level of communal management in rural areas in Poland through systematic application of visual criteria. Their importance in the protection, management and shaping of space is underlined by the document produced at the European Landscape Convention of 2000 (ELC). To date, ELC recommendations have not been fully implemented in Poland. The author of the study used the methods of the Krakow School of Landscape Architecture in assessing cultural landscapes and referred to the assumptions of the British Landscape Character Assessment (LCA). The analysis was based on the results of a landscape identification conducted in a part of the Cekcyn commune. The assessment of visual capacity was conducted for the village of Nowy Sumin, located in that commune. The eect of the study is the classification of open landscapes with respect to the assessment of visual changes resulting from potential residential development. The results obtained prompt the conclusion that the applied method can eectively support local spatial planning as it takes national conditions into account.

  • Visual Content Representation for Cognitive Systems: Towards Augmented Intelligence
    • Caterine Silva de Oliveira
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2020

    Cognitive Vision Systems have gained significant attention from academia and industry during the past few decades. One of the main reasons behind this interest is the potential of such technologies to revolutionize human life since they intend to work robustly under complex visual scenes (which environmental conditions may vary), adapting to a comprehensive range of unforeseen changes, and exhibiting prospective behavior. The combination of these properties supports the creation of more intelligent and efficient environments by mimicking the human capabilities. Nonetheless, preserving the environment involves gathering visual and other sensorial information and translating it into knowledge to be useful, which still remains a challenge for real time cognitive vision applications due to the complexity of such process. Experts believe the starting point is to establish a knowledge representation for Cognitive Vision technologies as a unique standard that could integrate image/video modularization and virtualization, together with information from other sources (wearable sensors, machine signals, context, etc.) and capture its knowledge. In this chapter, we present a multi-domain knowledge structure based on experience, which can be used as a comprehensive embedded knowledge representation for Cognitive Vision System, addressing the representation of visual content issue and facilitating its reuse. In addition, a successful representation and management of knowledge in cognitive systems would support communication and collaboration between humans and machines, for increased learning capabilities and enhanced decision making; this concept is a pathway towards what is called Augmented Intelligence. The implementation of such representation has been tested in a Cognitive Vision Platform for Hazard Control (CVP-HC) to address the issue of workers’ exposure to risks in industrial environments, in special for the non-use of personal protective equipment, facilitating knowledge engineering processes through a flexible and adaptable implementation.

  • Visual TreeCmp : Comprehensive Comparison of Phylogenetic Trees on the Web
    • Tomasz Goluch
    • Damian Bogdanowicz
    • Krzysztof Giaro
    2020 Pełny tekst Methods in Ecology and Evolution

    1. We present Visual TreeCmp—a package of applications for comparing phylogenetic tree sets. 2. Visual TreeCmp includes a graphical web interface allowing the visualization of compared trees and command line application extended by comparison methods recently proposed in the literature. 3. The phylogenetic tree similarity analysis in Visual TreeCmp can be performed using eighteen metrics, of which 11 are dedicated to rooted trees and seven to the un-rooted ones. Additionally, in the case of different sets of labels, the compared trees can be pruned so that the sets are identical. 4. The Visual TreeCmp is dedicated to people who need a universal and easy-to-use tool designed to compare arbitrary (not necessary binary) phylogenetic trees. An example of its use in a supertree accuracy analysis is described in section 3. 5. The Visual TreeCmp package Web application is available at: (https://eti.pg.edu.pl/TreeCmp), and its source codes available under the GNU license can be reached through several repositories located at: (https://github.com/TreeCmp)