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Repozytorium publikacji
Politechniki Gdańskiej

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  • An automated learning model for twitter sentiment analysis using Ranger AdaBelief optimizer based Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory
    • Sasirekha Natarajan
    • Smitha Kurian
    • Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2024 EXPERT SYSTEMS

    Sentiment analysis is an automated approach which is utilized in process of analysing textual data to describe public opinion. The sentiment analysis has major role in creating impact in the day-to-day life of individuals. However, a precise interpretation of text still relies as a major concern in classifying sentiment. So, this research introduced Bidirectional Long Short Term Memory with Ranger AdaBelief Optimizer (Bi-LSTM RAO) to classify sentiment of tweets. Initially, data is obtained from Twitter API, Sentiment 140 and Stanford Sentiment Treebank-2 (SST-2). The raw data is pre-processed and it is subjected to feature extraction which is performed using Bag of Words (BoW) and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF). The feature selection is performed using Gazelle Optimization Algorithm (GOA) which removes the irrelevant or redundant features that maximized model performance and classification is performed using Bi LSTM–RAO. The RAO optimizes the loss function of Bi-LSTM model that maximized accuracy. The classification accuracy of proposed method for Twitter API, Sentiment 140 and SST 2 dataset is obtained as 909.44%, 99.71% and 99.86%, respectively. These obtained results are comparably higher than ensemble framework, Robustly Optimized BERT and Gated Recurrent Unit (RoBERTa-GRU), Logistic Regression-Long Short Term Memory (LR-LSTM), Convolutional Bi-LSTM, Sentiment and Context Aware Attention-based Hybrid Deep Neural Network (SCA-HDNN) and Stochastic Gradient Descent optimization based Stochastic Gate Neural Network (SGD-SGNN).

  • An Efficient PEEC-Based Method for Full-Wave Analysis of Microstrip Structures
    • Jinyan Ma
    • Da Li
    • Hanzhi Ma
    • Ruifeng Li
    • Ling Zhang
    • Michał Mrozowski
    • Erping Li
    2024 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

    This article introduces an efficient method for the equivalent circuit characterization and full-wave analysis of microstrip structures, leveraging the full-wave partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC). In particular, the multilayered Green's function is evaluated using the discrete complex-image method (DCIM) and employed to establish the mixed potential integral equations. The proposed strategy considers time delays for the retarded electric and magnetic couplings, offering a new efficient full-wave approach to extract equivalent circuit components, which encapsulate the contributions of the quasi-static, surface-wave, and complex images. It is noted that the proposed full-wave PEEC strategy allows each component contribution derived from DCIM to be efficiently represented as frequency-independent lumped circuit elements and corresponding frequency factors, thereby simplifying the extraction process of the entire frequency-dependent lumped elements in the traditional PEEC method. Moreover, the proposed PEEC model, equipped with full-wave equivalent circuits, offers clear physical insight into electromagnetic behaviors, thereby facilitating design and optimization. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed PEEC model are fully demonstrated through various examples and experiments.

  • An image processing approach for fatigue crack identification in cellulose acetate replicas
    • Krzysztof Pałczyński
    • Jan Seyda
    • Dariusz Skibicki
    • Łukasz Pejkowski
    • Wojciech Macek
    2024 ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS

    The cellulose acetate replication technique is an important method for studying material fatigue. However, extracting accurate information from pictures of cellulose replicas poses challenges because of distortions and numerous artifacts. This paper presents an image processing procedure for effective fatigue crack identification in plastic replicas. The approach employs thresholding, adaptive Gaussian thresholding, and Otsu binarization to convert gray-scale images into binary ones, enhancing crack visibility. Morphological operations refine object shapes, and Connected Components Analysis facilitates crack identification. Despite limited data, the handcrafted feature extraction algorithm proves robust, addressing challenges. The algorithm shows efficacy in detecting cracks as small as 30 μm, even in the presence of cellulose replication artifacts. The results highlight ability to capture significant cracks’ orientation, length, and growth stages, essential for understanding fatigue mechanisms. Analysis of results, especially evaluation metrics encompassing false positives and false negatives, provides a comprehensive understanding of the algorithm’s strengths and limitations. The proposed tool is available on GitHub.

  • An improvement of body surface area formulas using the 3D scanning technique
    • Grzegorz Redlarski
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Marek Krawczuk
    • Janusz Siebert
    • Marek Tałałaj
    • Aleksander Pałkowski
    • Piotr Tojza
    • Zuzanna Cieślikowska
    • Leszek Litzbarski
    2024 Pełny tekst International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

    Objectives: Body surface area (BSA) is one of the major parameters used in several medical fields. However, there are concerns raised about its usefulness, mostly due to the ambiguity of its estimation. Material and Methods: Authors have conducted a voluntary study to investigate BSA distribution and estimation in a group of 179 adult people of various sex, age, and physique. Here, there is provided an extended analysis of the majority of known BSA formulas. Furthermore, it was supplement with a comparison with the authors' propositions of enhanced formulas coefficients for known formulas models as well as with new power models based on an increased number of anthropometric data. Results: Introduction of the enhanced formulas coefficients cause a reduction of at least 30.5% in mean absolute error and 21.1% in maximum error in comparison with their known counterparts. Conclusions: In the context of the analysis presented it can be stated that the development of a single universal body surface area formula, based on a small number of state variables, is not possible. Therefore, it is necessary and justified to search for new estimation models that allow for quick and accurate calculation of body surface area for the entire population, regardless of individual body variations. The new formulas presented are such an alternative, which achieves better results than the previously known methods. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2024;37(2)

  • An Innovative Floating System with a Savonius Rotor as a Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine
    • Joanna Grzelak
    • Lara Guijarro Carrillo
    • Jacek Nakielski
    • Michał Piotrowicz
    • Krzysztof Doerffer
    2024 Pełny tekst Polish Maritime Research

    In this project, an innovative wind turbine was designed for a floating plant. A large Savonius rotor was replaced with a double-rotor wind turbine implemented as a horizontal-axis turbine. This double rotor was positioned on the tip of a thrust plate and fixed to the deck of a catamaran. Simple 2D numerical simulations were performed to confirm the effectiveness of the concept. An analysis of the floating system configuration was carried out, and the loads and stresses on the system components were verified. Next, floating supports with appropriate sizes were selected to counteract the forces on the wind turbine system. Finally, an anchoring system with full rotational freedom was selected for the f loating platform. The present work was conducted as part of a Master’s thesis.

  • An intelligent cellular automaton scheme for modelling forest fires
    • Joan Boters Pitarch
    • María Signes-Pont
    • Julian Szymański
    • Higinio Mora-Mora
    2024 Pełny tekst Ecological Informatics

    Forest fires have devastating consequences for the environment, the economy and human lives. Understanding their dynamics is therefore crucial for planning the resources allocated to combat them effectively. In a world where the incidence of such phenomena is increasing every year, the demand for efficient and accurate computational models is becoming increasingly necessary. In this study, we perform a revision of an initial proposal which consists of a two-dimensional propagation model based on cellular automata (2D-CA), which aims to understand the dynamics of these phenomena. We identify the key theoretical weaknesses and propose improvements to address these limitations. We also assess the effectiveness and accuracy of the model by evaluating improvements using real forest fire data (Beneixama, Alicante 2019). Moreover, as a result of the theoretical modifications performed, we introduce a novel intelligent architecture that seeks to capture relationships between system cells from the data. This new architecture has the ability to advance our understanding of forest fire dynamics, contributing to both the evaluation of existing protocols and more efficient firefighting resource management.

  • An inverse algorithm for contact heat conduction problems with an interfacial heat source based on a first-order thermocouple model
    • Oleksii Nosko
    2024 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

    Inverse problems of contact heat conduction with an interfacial heat source are common in various fields of science, engineering and technology. In this study, an algorithm for their solution is developed based on an inverse parametric optimisation method with an impulse response function describing the heat partition and contact heat transfer. A first-order thermocouple model with a time constant parameter is embedded in the impulse response function. The specific power of the heat source is sought in the form of a polynomial from the condition of least-squares deviation of the simulated temperature from the temperature samples obtained by a thermocouple. Compared to the classical methods of simple inverse convolution and sequential function specification, the algorithm proves to be accurate in a substantially larger region of variation of the heating duration and time constant, covering slow-response thermocouple measurements. Additionally, the algorithm is significantly more robust against noise with a sufficient number of temperature samples. The applicability of the algorithm is demonstrated by solving inverse problems of contact heat conduction typical for sliding friction, laser and electric resistance welding at different thermal contact conditions and ratios of the time constant to the heating duration.

  • An optimized dissolved oxygen concentration control in SBR with the use of adaptive and predictive control schemes
    • Tomasz Zubowicz
    • Tomasz Ujazdowski
    • Zuzanna Klawikowska
    • Robert Piotrowski
    2024 Pełny tekst

    This paper addresses the problem of optimizing control of the aeration process in a water resource recovery facility (WRRF) using sequencing batch reactor (SBR), one that affects the efficiency of wastewater treatment by stimulating metabolic reactions of microorganisms through dissolved oxygen (DO) level control, and accounts for the predominant part of operating costs. Two independent approaches to DO control algorithm design based on nonlinear model-based predictive control (NMPC) with constraints and direct model reference adaptive control (DMRAC) are proposed and compared. Both algorithms were developed on the basis of utility models obtained by cognitive model simplification, however, both algorithms are characterized by a distinct mechanism to achieve control optimality and incorporate uncertainty. The NMPCbased algorithm solves an online optimization task by reducing the impact of uncertainty through feedback and estimating its influence by evaluating the differences between the internal model and measurements on a sliding prediction window. In contrast, DMRAC reduces the impact of uncertainty through the adaptation of control law parameters. Meanwhile, optimality is encoded in the reference model parameters reflecting the operation of the closed-loop system and in the independent parameters of the adaptation mechanism. Illustrations of the algorithms’ operation were provided by simulation experiments using a three-layer SBR model of the Swarzewo wastewater treatment plant with ASM3e-based reactions.

  • An Optimized Ka-Band Low Profile Dual-Polarized Transmitarray Antenna With 2D Beam Switching
    • Seyed Hashem Ramazannia Tuloti
    • Adam Lamęcki
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2024 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    This article presents an optimized dual-polarized transmitarray antenna (TA) designed for MIMO applications at the Ka-band, capable of switching beams in two directions. The antenna aperture uses a small unit cell with three layers of Taconic RF-35 dielectric substrates, which can be easily fabricated using PCB technology. The unit cell achieved a 360-degree phase shift and a transmission magnitude exceeding –0.4 dB at 28 GHz. We used nine dual-polarized patch antennas in a cross shape, each with a 10.5 dBi gain at 28 GHz, to switch the beams in two directions without changing the feed location. We optimized the phase distribution in the TA aperture and adjusted the feed antenna’s F/D and tilt to achieve a high-gain antenna with low-gain roll-off during beam switching. The fabricated TA exhibited excellent agreement with the full-wave simulation results. It achieved ±15 degrees and ±30 degrees beam tilts in the x- and y- directions, with less than 0.8 dB gain roll-off for both polarizations

  • An optimized system for sensor ontology meta-matching using swarm intelligent algorithm
    • Abdul Lateef Haroon P S
    • Sujata N. Patil
    • Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    • M. D. Rafeeq
    2024 Internet Technology Letters

    It is beneficial to annotate sensor data with distinct sensor ontologies in order to facilitate interoperability among different sensor systems. However, for this interoperability to be possible, comparable sensor ontologies are required since it is essential to make meaningful links between relevant sensor data. Swarm Intelligent Algorithms (SIAs), namely the Beetle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm (BSO), present a possible answer to ontology matching problems. This research focuses on a method for optimizing ontology alignment that employs BSO. A novel method for effectively controlling memory use and striking a balance between algorithm exploration and exploitation is proposed: the Simulated Annealing-based Beetle Swarm Optimisation Algorithm (SA-BSO). Utilizing Gray code for solution encoding, two compact operators for exploitation and exploration, and Probability Vectors (PVs) for swarming choosing exploitation and exploration, SA-BSO combines simulated annealing with the beetle search process. Through inter-swarm communication in every generation, SA-BSO improves search efficiency in addressing sensor ontology matching. Three pairs of real sensor ontologies and the Conference track were used in the study to assess SA-BSO's efficacy. Statistics show that SA-BSO-based ontology matching successfully aligns sensor ontologies and other general ontologies, particularly in conference planning scenarios.

  • An Overview of Sport and the Future Smart Cities
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    • Narek Parsamyan
    2024

    One of the main challenges for future cities is to strengthen the role of people and their activities. Therefore, sport provides an opportunity to engage in physical activity, connecting citizens to the city. The question of how sport influences the development of cities and the concept of future smart cities arises. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between sport and the concept of smart cities by identifying sport factors in the literature. The article highlights different areas of influence of sport on the smart city concept through specific examples of the contribution of sport to urban development and the well-being of citizens. The study states that the consideration of sport in the context of smart cities is relevant and multidimensional, since sport is a factor for the development of city solutions using in “hard” projects such as infrastructural and technological ones, and “soft” projects relating to improving social inclusion and healthcare. Including sport as a building component of the smart city concept is a new perspective of city governance, which is so far rarely discussed and, therefore, important. Sport has a broad influence on the social, technological, and environmental evolution of cities, therefore, sport appears to be a relevant factor that should contribute to the debate on future city agendas. The research delivers the links between sport and smart cities, which is important for further scientific considerations on the insights of smart city, and explores the subject of the influence of sport on the evolution of cities of tomorrow.

  • Analiza czasochłonności docierania jednotarczowego powierzchni płaskich elementów ceramicznych - studium przypadku
    • Adam Barylski
    2024

    Przedstawiono analizę czasochłonności docierania elementów ceramicznych. Badano czasochłonność obróbki na dwóch docierarkach jednotarczowych o znacząco różniących się średnicach tarcz docierających. Porównano czasy jednostkowe docierania elementów płaskich z ceramiki technicznej Al2O3

  • Analiza doświadczalna wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta na zachowanie przyczepności w teście pull-out
    • Marcin Burdziński
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst Inżynieria i Budownictwo

    Artykuł prezentuje badania przyczepności przeprowadzone przy użyciu testu pull-out. Eksperymenty miały na celu ocenę wpływu długości zakotwienia na przyczepność w tym teście. Z przeprowadzonej analizy wynika, że długość styku pręt-beton znacząco wpływa na zachowanie przyczepności. Określa ona typ zniszczenia połączenia, wpływa na rozkład i wartość naprężeń w pręcie oraz rzutuje na przebieg krzywej przyczepność-poślizg, która jest kluczowym rezultatem testu pull-out.

  • Analiza numeryczna wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta na zachowanie przyczepności w teście pull-out
    • Marcin Burdziński
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024

    Artykuł przedstawia symulacje numeryczne testu pull-out przeprowadzone w programie ABAQUS. Celem analizy była ocena wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta żebrowanego na przyczepność. Interakcję pręta z betonem odwzorowano za pomocą kohezyjnej powierzchni kontaktu, wykorzystując skalibrowane krzywe zależności przyczepność-poślizg, otrzymane z badań własnych. W obliczeniach numerycznych wykorzystano parametry mechaniczne betonu i stali wykorzystanych w eksperymentach. Analiza wykazała istotny wpływ długości zakotwienia na zachowanie przyczepności. Wyniki symulacji numerycznych charakteryzują się wysoką zbieżnością z rezultatami eksperymentów, m.in. pod względem krzywej przyczepność-poślizg czy pracy materiałów.

  • Analiza numeryczna wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta na zachowanie przyczepności w teście pull-out
    • Marcin Burdziński
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst Inżynieria i Budownictwo

    W artykule przedstawiono symulacje numeryczne testu pull-out w programie ABAQUS. Symulacje miały na celu ocenienie wpływu długości zakotwienia pręta żebrowanego na przyczepność w tym teście, opierając się na wynikach przeprowadzonych eksperymentów. Interakcję pręta z betonem odwzorowano za pomocą kohezyjnej powierzchni kontaktu, wykorzystując skalibrowane krzywe przyczepność-poślizg, otrzymane z doświadczeń wykonanych w ramach badań własnych. Do zdefiniowania modeli materiałowych użyto parametrów mechanicznych betonu i stali wykorzystanych w testach. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała, że długość zakotwienia znacząco wpływa na zachowanie przyczepności. Rezultaty symulacji numerycznych charakteryzują się dużą zbieżnością z badaniami laboratoryjnymi, zarówno pod kątem krzywej przyczepność-poślizg, jak i pracy materiałów.

  • Analiza techniczno-ekonomiczna zastosowania systemu magazynowania energii zasilanego z instalacji fotowoltaicznej
    • Blanka Jakubowska
    • Aleksandra Sierdzińska
    2024 Rynek Energii

    W artykule dokonano oceny celowości implementacji magazynu energii do instalacji fotowoltaicznej o mocy zainstalowanej 39,3 kW. W analizowanym przypadku prąd produkowany jest na potrzeby gospodarstwa sadowniczego oraz mieszkańców domu jednorodzinnego. Analiza, oparta na realnych danych rocznej eksploatacji systemu fotowoltaicznego, uwzględnia ilość wyprodukowanej energii nadwyżki energii przekazywanej do sieci i z niej pobieranej. Zebrane dane umożliwiły odpowiedni dobór pojemności akumulatorów. W ramach prowadzonej analizy określono ilość energii jaka możliwa jest do zmagazynowania, liczbę cykli pracy, koszty eksploatacyjne i inwestycyjne oraz koszt zaoszczędzonej energii. Przeprowadzona analiza opiera się na dwóch wariantach, wykorzystujących technologie baterii litowo-jonowych i kwasowo-ołowiowych.

  • ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING PROCESSES IN TRANSACTIVE ENERGY SYSTEMS
    • Halyna Bielokha
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Denys Derevianko
    • Ihor Radysh
    2024 Pełny tekst POWER ENGINEERING

    The implementation of smart charging of electric vehicles allows operators of local power networks and electricity suppliers to implement new business models for the interaction of electric vehicles with the network. In addition to the optimal selection of Microgrid capacities when charging electric vehicles, it is also important to use different charging methods. To satisfy the interests of all participants of local systems from an economic and technical point of view, the concept of transactional energy was chosen. The effect of different charge management methods on EV battery efficiency, such as two-stage charging (CC-CV), accelerated charging (AC) and alternative multi-level MSCC charging, has been investigated. The optimization of charging processes aims not only to increase the profit from the sale of electricity, but also to minimize charging costs by means of an optimal flow of electricity from the network to the car. The proposed objective function depends on the generation capacity of all sources included in the system, the state of charge of the storage systems, the time of day, the charging time of electric vehicles, the charging speed, and the price of electricity. The control system, solving the objective function, itself chooses and offers the consumer and the aggregator a charging method that, given the system parameters, will be optimal for all participants of the transactional system. Three charge methods were investigated by digital simulation for four different types of electric vehicles, all considered charge methods have high energy efficiency indicators that can be used as control methods for charging electric vehicles from local systems

  • Analysis of cyclone separator solutions depending on spray ejector condenser conditions
    • Milad Amiri
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Jaroslaw Mikielewicz
    • Michał Klugmann
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2024 APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING

    The core design strategy for minimizing CO2 emissions in gas power plant entails combining a spray ejector condenser (SEC) and separator to accomplish steam condensation and CO2 purification. This innovative process involves direct-contact condensation of steam with CO2, facilitated by interaction with a subcooled water spray, along with a cyclone separator mechanism intended for generating pure CO2. The investigation of the SEC section, both experimentally and analytically, provides crucial insights into its operational dynamics. Given the susceptibility of cyclone efficiency to fluctuations in SEC conditions, this research endeavors to examine the impacts of CO2 volumetric flow rate and droplet break-up within the SEC on the separation efficacy of the cyclone separator. Additionally, the impact of cone size on the performance of the cyclone has been investigated. Here, a three-dimensional, transient, and turbulent cyclone separator is numerically simulated using Ansys Fluent 2021 R1. The Reynolds Stress Model is employed to simulate turbulent flow, while a mixture model is utilized to replicate swirl two-phase flow within the separators. The findings revealed that reductions in steam and CO2 flow rates were associated with a decrease in outlet temperature but an increase in SEC inlet temperature, leading to a rise in temperature difference and heat transfer rate. Furthermore, an augmentation in cyclone cone size (from 0.2 to 0.5 m) resulted in enhanced separation efficiency (from 77.30% to 80.98%) alongside an elevation in pressure drop (from 6.08 Pa to 10.91 Pa), suggesting a compromise between CO2 purification and energy consumption. Additionally, elevated CO2 flow rates induced a rise in pressure drop and separation efficiency, ultimately achieving maximum efficiency at a rate of 24 g/s. Moreover, the exploration into droplet breakup manifesting in a boost in separation efficiency from 50.98% to 100% across droplet diameters ranging from 1 to 20 μm.

  • Analysis of dynamics of a map-based neuron model via Lorenz maps
    • Piotr Bartłomiejczyk
    • Frank Llovera Trujillo
    • Justyna Signerska-Rynkowska
    2024 Pełny tekst CHAOS

    Modeling nerve cells can facilitate formulating hypotheses about their real behavior and improve understanding of their functioning. In this paper, we study a discrete neuron model introduced by Courbage et al. [Chaos 17, 043109 (2007)], where the originally piecewise linear function defining voltage dynamics is replaced by a cubic polynomial, with an additional parameter responsible for varying the slope. Showing that on a large subset of the multidimensional parameter space, the return map of the voltage dynamics is an expanding Lorenz map, we analyze both chaotic and periodic behavior of the system and describe the complexity of spiking patterns fired by a neuron. This is achieved by using and extending some results from the theory of Lorenz-like and expanding Lorenz mappings.

  • Analysis of Ferroresonance Mitigation Effectiveness in Auxiliary Power Systems of High-Voltage Substations
    • Rafał Tarko
    • Wiesław Nowak
    • Jakub Gajdzica
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2024 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    Ferroresonance in power networks is a dangerous phenomenon, which may result in overcurrents and overvoltages, causing damage to power equipment and the faulty operation of protection systems. For this reason, the possibility of the occurrence of ferroresonance has to be identified, and adequate methods need to be incorporated to eliminate or reduce its effects. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of ferroresonance damping in auxiliary power systems of high-voltage substations by selected damping devices. Laboratory experiments, the results of which created bases for the development of models of selected damping devices, are presented. These models were used to simulate the effectiveness of ferroresonance damping in an auxiliary power system of a 220/110 kV substation in the EMTP-ATP program. The analyses showed that control systems with different algorithms of operation are used in damping devices. This knowledge is important when selecting parameters and settings of the applied damping devices for a given network and the disturbances in it. The presented research results have proved the effectiveness of commercially available damping devices, provided their parameters are correctly coordinated with the settings of the power system protection.

  • Analysis of friction ridge evidence for trace amounts of paracetamol in various pharmaceutical industries by Raman spectroscopy
    • Martyna Czarnomska
    • Aneta Lewkowicz
    • Mattia Pierpaoli
    • Emilia Gruszczyńska
    • Magdalena Kasprzak
    • Zygmunt Gryczyński
    • Piotr Bojarski
    • Sławomir Steinborn
    • Krzysztof Woźniewski
    2024 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES

    The detection of potentially harmful substances presents a multifaceted challenge. On one hand, it can directly save lives, on the other, it can significantly aid and enhance police work, thereby increasing the effectiveness of investigations. The research conducted in this study primarily aims to identify paracetamol in fingerprints, considering situations involving direct contact of a person with paracetamol either chronically or in a single dose. The identification procedure presented, utilizing Raman spectroscopy, aims to rapidly detect the xenobiotic following ingestion by an individual, which involves touching the tablet with their fingers—this can be termed as touch evidence in forensic science investigations. Additionally, the authors focus on assessing the impact of additives present in drugs containing paracetamol as the main active ingredient. The screening results obtained will enable us to analyze the composition of drugs in terms of potentially toxic substances, and their influence on the physicochemical activity of the active substance. We successfully identified the paracetamol molecule using a noninvasive forensic trace detection method. Samples in the form of common drugs containing 500 mg of paracetamol were studied. Throughout the study, comprehensive validation of the method was ensured through the utilization of a statistical model, which excluded sensitivity to the presence of other substances, whether additives or from the external environment. The proposed approach to trace the content of substances in fingerprint using Raman scattering analysis provides a useful starting point to enhance current analytical methods not only in forensic science but also in toxicology.

  • Analysis of Roughness, the Material Removal Rate, and the Acoustic Emission Signal Obtained in Flat Grinding Processes
    • Piotr Sender
    • Irene Buj - Corral
    • Jesús Álvarez-Flórez
    2024 Pełny tekst Machines

    In this work, the analysis of the acoustic emission (AE) signal in grinding processes is addressed. The proposed analysis method decomposes the acoustic signal into three frequency ranges. The total energy of each range is determined, as well as the highest frequency. Different grinding experiments were carried out, according to a full factorial design of experiments (DOE), in which feed speed, depth of cut, and transversal step (table cross feed) were varied. Arithmetic average roughness Ra and the material removal rate (MRR) were determined. It was observed that Ra depends mainly on the transversal step, followed by feed speed and the interaction between the transversal step and depth of cut, while MRR is greatly influenced by the transversal step. According to multi-objective optimization with the Derringer–Suich function, in order to simultaneously minimize Ra and maximize MRR, a transversal step of 9 mm per longitudinal pass, feed speed of 20 m/min, and depth of cut of 0.020 mm should be selected.

  • Analysis of the influence of geometrical imperfections on the equivalent load stabilizing roof truss with lateral bracing system
    • Marcin Krajewski
    2024 Pełny tekst Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

    The paper is focused on the numerical analysis of the stability and load bearing capacity of a flat steel truss. The structure was supported by elastic lateral braces. The translational and rotational brace stiffness was taken into account. The linear buckling analysis were performed for the beam and shell model of the truss. The nonlinear static analysis were conducted for the structure initial geometric imperfections. As a result the buckling load and the limit load depended on brace stiffness was obtained. The reactions in elastic braces were compared to the stabilizing forces calculated on the basis of actual code requirements.

  • Analytical progress on emerging pollutants in the environment: An overview of the topics
    • Jezrzy Falandysz
    • Guorui Liu
    • Małgorzata Rutkowska
    2024 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    This overview discusses the ideas behind a collection of articles by invited authors on a diverse range of complex chemical mixtures and analytical methods which represent some of the most relevant and interesting issues on emerging contaminants of environmental health concerns. These chemicals, including those in high volume production, are released on an ongoing basis as a result of various human activities. Moreover, these emerging contaminants are highly toxic to humans and ubiquitous in the environment. The terms “environmental pollution" and “food web contaminant" became widely known from the first decades of the XX century and as a historical background, they have an early link to the agricultural use of mercury fungicides and DDT. Surprisingly for chemists and society, the 1960s saw the emergence of the global problem of environmental and food contamination with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The environmental science paradigm has lost none of its importance in the meantime, although it has evolved to encompass a vast number of environmentally hazardous chemicals, many of which are termed as “emerging". To put it simply, air-water-soil/sediment are the first compartments affected and become reservoirs or sinks for environmental pollutants, the next is the food web, topped by the top animal predators and humans. Understanding the occurrence, environmental fate and biotoxicity of emerging contaminants is of interest to many areas of science.

  • Angels drawing a picture JAPAN | INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION
    • Agnieszka Kurkowska
    • Paulina Duch-Żebrowska
    • Marta Koperska-Kośmicka
    2024

    Polskie dziedzictwo reprezentowane w pracach młodych uczestników z Polski dzięki powołaniu RWYC Poland i aktywnej działalności na polu edukacji powszechnej. Konkursy realizowane były jesienią 2023 roku w ramach międzynarodowego projektu pod auspicjami UNESCO – Reconnecting WIth Your Culture POLAND. W Japonii odbyły się 4 wystawy z udziałem prac uczestników z całego świata, w tym wybranych przez RWYC Poland. Lokalizacje wystaw japońskich: 2023 rok: Machida City Museum of Graphic Arts w Tokyo, 2024 rok: Koganei Miyajigakki Hole Citizens Gallery w Tokyo, Mitaka City Arts Centerw Tokyo, Sapporo Citizens Gallery w Sapporo. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxn_TRmLxJw

  • Anisotropy and compaction gradient assessment on rammed earth specimens through sonic tomography approach
    • J.d. Rodríguez-Mariscal
    • Monika Zielińska
    • Magdalena Rucka
    • M. Solís
    2024 Pełny tekst ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    Rammed earth is a traditional construction technique that has recently gained attention because of its benefits from an ecological perspective. The conservation of the existing valuable cultural heritage sites and the quality control of new constructions built with this material require the development and application of practical inspection techniques. This paper explores the application of sonic tests and sonic tomography as practical tools for monitoring the state of conservation of existing structures and the identification of heterogeneities or damaged areas. Two groups of 6 rammed earth specimens were manufactured and tested. The manufacturing process of each group allowed the application of compression loads and the identification of the Sonic Wave Propagation Velocities along directions parallel and perpendicular to the compaction forces during manufacturing. The SWPV were identified for the different paths between 9 measuring points located at two opposite sides of the specimens, leading to up to 6 different planes for each specimen. The SWPV are identified by identifying the Time-of-Flight of the elastic wave between each pair of excitation and receiver points. A discretized coloured map of the SWPV distribution for each plane defined by the measurement points array is obtained by the application of an algorithm already developed by the authors to obtain tomographic images for other materials and applications. The SWPV are identified after 2 different increasing values of a uniform compressive load is applied to each specimen. The results show that the analysis of the SWPV and tomographic images is sensitive to heterogeneities, such as compaction gradients from the manufacturing process, and also to the accumulated damage in the solid. The paper demonstrates that the proposed technique can be potentially used for a qualitative inspection of the state of conservation of specific rammed earth constructions.

  • Anomaly Detection in Railway Sensor Data Environments: State-of-the-Art Methods and Empirical Performance Evaluation
    • Michał Bałdyga
    • Kacper Barański
    • Jakub Belter
    • Mateusz Kalinowski
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2024 Pełny tekst SENSORS

    To date, significant progress has been made in the field of railway anomaly detection using technologies such as real-time data analytics, the Internet of Things, and machine learning. As technology continues to evolve, the ability to detect and respond to anomalies in railway systems is once again in the spotlight. However, railway anomaly detection faces challenges related to the vast infrastructure, dynamic conditions, aging infrastructure, and adverse environmental conditions on the one hand, and the scale, complexity, and critical safety implications of railway systems on the other. Our study is underpinned by the three objectives. Specifically, we aim to identify time series anomaly detection methods applied to railway sensor device data, recognize the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, and evaluate their effectiveness. To address the research objectives, the first part of the study involved a systematic literature review and a series of controlled experiments. In the case of the former, we adopted well-established guidelines to structure and visualize the review. In the second part, we investigated the effectiveness of selected machine learning methods. To evaluate the predictive performance of each method, a five-fold cross-validation approach was applied to ensure the highest accuracy and generality. Based on the calculated accuracy, the results show that the top three methods are CatBoost (96%), Random Forest (91%), and XGBoost (90%), whereas the lowest accuracy is observed for One-Class Support Vector Machines (48%), Local Outlier Factor (53%), and Isolation Forest (55%). As the industry moves toward a zero-defect paradigm on a global scale, ongoing research efforts are focused on improving existing methods and developing new ones that contribute to the safety and quality of rail transportation. In this sense, there are at least four avenues for future research worth considering: testing richer data sets, hyperparameter optimization, and implementing other methods not included in the current study.

  • Antenna Optimization Using Machine Learning with Reduced-Dimensionality Surrogates
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Leifur Leifsson
    2024 Scientific Reports

    In modern times, antenna design has become more demanding than ever. The escalating requirements for performance and functionality drive the development of intricately structured antennas, where parameters must be meticulously adjusted to achieve peak performance. Often, global adjustments to geometry are necessary for optimal results. However, direct manipulation of antenna responses evaluated with full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models using conventional nature-inspired methods entails significant computational costs. Alternatively, surrogate-based techniques show promise but are impeded by dimensionality-related challenges and nonlinearity of antenna outputs. This study introduces an innovative technique for swiftly optimizing antennas. It leverages a machine learning framework with an infill criterion employing predicted enhancement of the merit function, utilizing a particle swarm optimizer as the primary search engine, and employs kriging for constructing the underlying surrogate model. The surrogate model operates within a reduced-dimensionality domain, guided by directions corresponding to maximum antenna response variability identified through fast global sensitivity analysis, tailored explicitly for domain determination. Operating within this reduced domain enables building dependable metamodels at a significantly lower computational cost. To address accuracy loss resulting from dimensionality reduction, the global optimization phase is supplemented by local sensitivity-based parameter adjustment. Extensive comparative experiments involving various planar antennas demonstrate the competitive operation of the presented technique over machine learning algorithms operating in full-dimensionality space and direct EM-driven bio-inspired optimization techniques.

  • Anticancer Study on IrIII and RhIII Half-Sandwich Complexes with the Bipyridylsulfonamide Ligand
    • Mateusz Kowalik
    • Joanna Masternak
    • Mateusz Olszewski
    • Natalia Maciejewska
    • Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
    • Jerzy Sitkowski
    • Aleksandra Dąbrowska
    • Agnieszka Chylewska
    • Mariusz Makowski
    2024 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    Two non-platinum compounds, organometallic half-sandwich complexes [(η 5 -Cp)IrCl(L)]PF 6 (1) and [(η 5 -Cp)RhCl(L)]PF 6 (2) were prepared by treating pentamethylcyclopentadienyl chloride dimers of iridium(III) or rhodium(III) with the obtained 4-amino-N-(2,2'-bipyridin-5- yl)benzenesulfonamide ligand (L) and ammonium hexafluorophosphate. The crystal structures of ligand (L) and complexes 1 and 2 were obtained and then analyzed. Coordination reactions of the bipyridylsufonamide ligand (L) to the central ions were confirmed by UV- Vis, FT-IR, NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, and 15 N) spectroscopies, and stability study. Moreover, the interactions between the sulfaligand, Ir(III) and Rh(III) complexes with carbonic anhydrase (CA), human serum albumin (HSA) and also with CT-DNA have been investigated. Additionally, the reactivity of complexes toward GSH and NADH has been spectrophotometrically tested. A low affinity of complex 2 to GSH seems to be beneficial regarding its potential cytotoxic activity. The obtained compounds were then evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines from different origins: non-small cell lung cancer A549, colon cancer HCT-116, breast cancer MCF7, lymphoblastic leukemia Nalm-6, and a nonmalignant human embryonic kidney cell line HEK293. It has been observed that the iridium(III) complex (1) was found to exhibit a lack of antiproliferative properties against the tested cancer cell lines. The sulfonamide ligand (L) and the rhodium(III) complex (2) were studied in detail for colon cancer HCT-116 cell line, and the detailed biological analysis was reported and discussed.

  • Applicability of edible Candelilla wax composite blended with Bryophyllumpinnatum extract to prolong shelf life of fruits/vegetables
    • Amber Fatima
    • Fatima Tahir
    • Ayesha Mohyuddin
    • Tabassum Munir
    • Sohail Nadeem
    • Mohsin Javed
    • Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
    • Hui Hwang Goh
    • Hussein Al-Hazmi
    • Faissal Aziz
    • Abdelkader Anouzla
    • Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
    2024 Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization

    Candelilla wax (CW) is a natural lipid source that can be used to make biodegradable and edible coatings and films for fruits. However, CW alone does not provide sufficient antimicrobial and antioxidant properties to prevent microbial spoilage and oxidative deterioration of fresh products. This study aims at evaluating the applicability of CW blended with Bryophyllum pinnatum extract (BPE), a plant with medicinal and phytochemical properties, to enhance the shelf life of fruits. CW and BPE were mixed at different ratios and applied as coatings on banana, cucumber, lemon, and apple. The coated fruits were stored at room temperature for several days and evaluated for weight loss (WL), pH, and physical appearance. The results showed that the edible CW coating mixed with B. pinnatum extract could extend the shelf-life of selected fruits by lowering their weight loss (WL), as compared to those without coating (p≤0.05; paired t-test). It was observed that % WL of banana was significantly higher in the control group than in the coated banana (p≤0.05; paired t-test) and that the highest WL (4.5%) was reached on the 4th day. The lowest WL (2.7%) was observed in the banana with edible coating with methanolic extract (ECME) formulation. The coating formed a complex layer that blocked the movement of H2O molecules through the selected fruits, preventing water loss. The smallest pH change was observed in the banana coated with the extract, indicating that the coating was suitable for extending the shell life of banana. Overall, CW enriched with BPE maintained the quality of their products for marketability.

  • Application of commercial microwave links (CMLs) attenuation for quantitative estimation of precipitation
    • Magdalena Pasierb
    • Zofia Bałdysz
    • Jan Szturc
    • Grzegorz Nykiel
    • Anna Jurczyk
    • Katarzyna Ośródka
    • Mariusz Figurski
    • Marcin Wojtczak
    • Cezary Wojtkowski
    2024 Pełny tekst METEOROLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

    Precipitation estimation models are typically sourced by rain gauges, weather radars and satellite observations. A relatively new technique of precipitation estimation relies on the network of Commercial Microwave Links (CMLs) employed for cellular communication networks: the rain-inducted attenuation in the links enables the precipitation estimation. In the paper, it is analysed to what extent the precipitation derived from CML attenuation data is useful in estimation of the precipitation field with the high temporal and spatial resolution required in nowcasting models. Two methods of determination of precipitation along CMLs from attenuation of signal with several frequencies were proposed. Then, in order to generate precipitation field, three approaches for assigning appropriate precipitation values to a specific point or set of pixels along the link are developed and tested. The CML-based estimates are compared with point observations from manual rain gauges and multi-source precipitation fields using daily and half-hourly accumulations. It was found that the CML-based precipitation fields are much worse than radar-derived estimates. At the same time, they had slightly poorer reliability than spatially interpolated telemetric rain gauge data and significantly higher reliability than satellite estimates. Furthermore, the impact of link characteristics, such as length and frequency, on the reliability of CML-based precipitation estimates is analysed.

  • Application Of Generative Adversarial Network for Data Augmentation and Multiplication to Automated Cell Segmentation of the Corneal Endothelium
    • Karolina Nurzyńska
    • Krystian Jandy
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Considering the automatic segmentation of the endothelial layer, the available data of the corneal endothelium is still limited to a few datasets, typically containing an average of only about 30 images. To fill this gap, this paper introduces the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to augment and multiply data. By using the ``Alizarine'' dataset, we train a model to generate a new synthetic dataset with over 513k images. A portion of this artificial dataset is then used to train a semantic segmentation model for endothelial layer segmentation and its performance is evaluated showing that in average the mean intersection over union for all datasets is equal to 81\%. In our opinion, the images of the endothelial layer, together with the corresponding masks generated by the GAN, effectively represent the desired data. The obtained results seem optimistic after visual inspection, since the segmentation is very precise.

  • Application of human bile salts for in vitro digestion models
    • Dorota Dulko
    2024 Pełny tekst

    In this study, experimental in vitro models simulating the environment of the human gastrointestinal tract were used to assess the impact of physiological surfactants, such as bile salts, on the kinetics of digestion. Bile salts are biosurfactants synthesised in the liver and secreted together with bile into the small intestine. There are many reports on the role of bile salts in lipolysis, but the knowledge of their influence on other nutrients, such as proteins, is very limited. The experiments I conducted included the comparison of a model system (individual bile salts) with real human bile (containing different concentrations of bile salts, phospholipids, and other substances) during in vitro lipolysis and proteolysis. Human bile samples were obtained in cooperation with a clinical hospital. For the first time, a quantitative analysis of the effects of human bile on the digestion of a model food protein and lipid was performed. Moreover, for the first time, the currently used static in vitro digestion models were validated from the point of view of the physiological role of bile salts in the human digestive tract. In this respect, it has been demonstrated in vitro how the effect of human bile on the proteolysis and lipolysis can be reliably reproduced by applying mixtures of individual bile salt and phospholipids.

  • Application of multicriteria decision analysis to assess the greenness of molecularly imprinted polymers synthesis components
    • Mariusz Marć
    • Katarzyna Pokajewicz
    • Marek Tobiszewski
    2024 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    The study applies multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to rank the components of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesis according to their greenness. The components are taken from papers that are describing synthesis of MIPs for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) sorbents. Functional monomers (n = 14), target/surrogate molecules (n = 10), porogens (n = 8), cross-linking agents (n = 8) and initiators (n = 4) are described with 10 criteria referring to their safety of application, toxicity, environmental persistence and bioaccumulability. The rankings are performed according to three scenarios, with the application of different weights. The ranking results give a specific guide on the selection of green synthesis components for polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as representatives of POPs, by identification of problematic and recommended chemicals. The results are useful in designing MIP synthesis protocols.

  • Application of quartz crystal microbalance and dynamic impedance spectroscopy to the study of copper corrosion inhibitors
    • Dominika Parasińska
    • Hubert Kwiatkowski
    • Paweł Ślepski
    2024 Journal of Materials and Manufacturing

    The study investigates the application of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) and Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance (EQCM) techniques to examine the corrosion inhibition of copper by Benzotriazole and Sodium Folate in a 0.1 M NaCl solution. DEIS, an advanced version of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), allows for real-time monitoring of non-stationary electrochemical systems, while EQCM enables the detection of minute mass changes during electrochemical reactions. Through 24-hour chronopotentiometric measurements, the study observed the effects of 5 mM Benzotriazole and 10 mM Sodium Folate on copper corrosion. Results indicated that Benzotriazole significantly enhances corrosion resistance by forming a protective layeron the copper surface, as evidenced by increased impedance and stable mass changes. Conversely, Sodium Folate exhibited a less effective, dynamic interaction with the copper surface. This research highlights the synergistic use of DEIS and EQCM in understanding corrosion mechanisms and inhibitor efficiency, providing insights into optimizing corrosion protection strategies. The findings suggest that whileboth inhibitors improve corrosion resistance, Benzotriazole demonstrates superior performance, underscoring its potential for more effective corrosion control in various industrial applications.

  • Application of the Heavy-Atom Effect for (Sub)microsecond Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and an All-Organic Light-Emitting Device with Low-Efficiency Roll-off
    • Michał Mońka
    • Szymon Gogoc
    • Karol Kozakiewicz
    • Vladyslav Ievtukhov
    • Daria Grzywacz
    • Olga Ciupak
    • Aleksander Kubicki
    • Piotr Bojarski
    • Przemysław Data
    • Illia E. Serdiuk
    2024 Pełny tekst ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Thefeatureof abundantandenvironmentallyfriendlyheavyatoms(HAs)like bromineto acceleratespin-forbiddentransitionsin organicmoleculeshas beenknownforyears.In combinationwiththe easinessof incorporation,brominederivativesof organicemittersshowingthermallyactivateddelayedfluorescence(TADF)emergeas a cheapand efficientsolutionforthe slowreverseintersystemcrossing(rISC)problemin suchemittersand strongefficiencyroll-offof all-organiclight-emittingdiodes(OLEDs).Here,we presenta comprehensivephotophysicalstudyof atri-PXZ-TRZemitterreportedpreviouslyanditshexabromoderivativeshowinga remarkableenhancementof rISCof up to 9 timesand a shortlifetimeof delayedfluorescenceof 2μs. Analysisof the key molecularvibrationsand TADFmechanismindicatesalmostcompeteblockageof the spin-fliptransitionbetweenthe charge-transferstatesof differentmultiplicity3CT→1CT.In sucha case,rISCas well as its enhancementby the HA is realizedvia the3LE→1CT transition,where3LE is the tripletstatelocalizedon the samebrominatedphenoxazinedonorinvolvedin the formationof the1CT state.Interestingly,the spin−orbitcoupling(SOC)withtwo other3LE statesis negligiblebecausethey are localizedon differentdonorsand not involvedin1CT. Weconsiderthis as an exampleof an additional“localization”criterionthat completesthe well-knownEl Sayedrule on the differentnatureof statesfor nonzeroSOC.The applicativepotentialof sucha hexabromoemitteris testedin a “hyperfluorescent”systemcontaininga red fluorescentdopant(tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene,DBP)as an acceptorof Försterresonanceenergytransfer,affordinga narrow-bandred-emittingsystem,withmostof the emissionin the submicroseconddomain.In fact, the fabricatedredOLEDdevicesshowremarkableimprovementof efficiencyroll-offfrom2−4 timesdependingon the luminance,mostlybecauseofthe increaseof the rISCconstantrate and the decreaseof the overalldelayedfluorescencelifetimethanksto the HA effect.

  • Approaches Towards Better Immunosuppressive Agents
    • Juliusz Walczak
    • Dorota Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ
    • Grzegorz Cholewiński
    2024 CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

    Several classes of compounds are applied in clinics due to their immunosuppressive properties in transplantology and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Derivatives of mycophe-nolic acid, corticosteroids and chemotherapeutics bearing heterocyclic moieties like methotrexate, azathioprine, mizoribine, and ruxolitinib are active substances with investigated mechanisms of action. However, improved synthetic approaches of known drugs and novel derivatives are still being reported to attempt better accessibility and therapeutic properties. In this review article, we present the synthesis of the designed chemical structures based on recent literature reports con-cerning novel compounds as promising immunosuppressive drugs. Moreover, some of the dis-cussed derivers revealed also other types of activities with prospective medicinal potential.

  • Approximation algorithms for job scheduling with block-type conflict graphs
    • Hanna Furmańczyk
    • Tytus Pikies
    • Inka Sokołowska
    • Krzysztof Turowski
    2024 COMPUTERS & OPERATIONS RESEARCH

    The problem of scheduling jobs on parallel machines (identical, uniform, or unrelated), under incompatibility relation modeled as a block graph, under the makespan optimality criterion, is considered in this paper. No two jobs that are in the relation (equivalently in the same block) may be scheduled on the same machine in this model. The presented model stems from a well-established line of research combining scheduling theory with methods relevant to graph coloring. Recently, cluster graphs and their extensions like block graphs were given additional attention. We complement hardness results provided by other researchers for block graphs by providing approximation algorithms. In particular, we provide a 2-approximation algorithm for and a PTAS for the case when the jobs are unit time in addition. In the case of uniform machines, we analyze two cases. The first one is when the number of blocks is bounded, i.e. . For this case, we provide a PTAS, improving upon results presented by D. Page and R. Solis-Oba. The improvement is two-fold: we allow richer graph structure, and we allow the number of machine speeds to be part of the input. Due to strong NP-hardness of , the result establishes the approximation status of . The PTAS might be of independent interest because the problem is tightly related to the NUMERICAL -DIMENSIONAL MATCHING WITH TARGET SUMS problem. The second case that we analyze is when the number of blocks is arbitrary, but the number of cut-vertices is bounded and jobs are of unit time. In this case, we present an exact algorithm. In addition, we present an FPTAS for graphs with bounded treewidth and a bounded number of unrelated machines. The paper ends with extensive tests of the selected algorithms.

  • Arabinoxylans: A review on protocols for their recovery, functionalities and roles in food formulations
    • Fernanda Jimena Hernández-Pinto
    • Juan Daniel Miranda-Medina
    • Abril Natera-Maldonado
    • Óscar Vara-Aldama
    • Mary Pily Ortueta-Cabranes
    • Jorge A. Vázquez del Mercado-Pardiño
    • Safaa A.M. El-Aidie
    • Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES

    Arabinoxylans (AXs) are compounds with high nutritional value and applicability, including prebiotics or supplementary ingredients, in food manufacturing industries. Unfortunately, the recovery of AXs may require advanced separation and integrated strategies. Here, an analysis of the emerging techniques to extract AXs from cereals and their by-products is discussed. This review covers distinct methods implemented over the last 2–3 years, identifying that the type of method, extraction source, AX physicochemical properties and pre-treatment conditions are the main factors influencing the recovery yield. Alkaline extraction is among the most used methods nowadays, mostly due to its simplicity and high recovery yield. Concurrently, recovered AXs applied in food applications is timely reviewed, such as potential bread ingredient, prebiotic and as a wall material for probiotic encapsulation, in beer and non-alcoholic beverage manufacturing, complementary ingredient in bakery products and cookies, improvers in Chinese noodles, 3D food printing and designing of nanostructures for delivery platforms.

  • Architectural Modifications to Enhance Steganalysis with Convolutional Neural Networks
    • Remigiusz Martyniak
    • Bartosz Czaplewski
    2024

    This paper investigates the impact of various modifications introduced to current state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures specifically designed for the steganalysis of digital images. Usage of deep learning methods has consistently demonstrated improved results in this field over the past few years, primarily due to the development of newer architectures with higher classification accuracy compared to their predecessors. Despite the advances made, further improvements are desired to achieve even better performance in this field. The conducted experiments provide insights into how each modification affects the classification accuracy of the architectures, which is a measure of their ability to distinguish between stego and cover images. Based on the obtained results, potential enhancements are identified that future CNN designs could adopt to achieve higher accuracy while minimizing their complexity compared to current architectures. The impact of modifications on each model’s performance has been found to vary depending on the tested architecture and the steganography embedding method used.

  • Architecture at the Sites of the Former Nazi Concentration Camps. Functional Changeability of Commemoration
    • Agnieszka Gębczyńska-Janowicz
    2024 Pełny tekst

    The monograph presents a comprehensive analysis of the architectural structures created in the former concentration camps in Europe under the SS Main Economy and Administration Office. It delves into the history of memorial site creation in these areas, emphasizing the unique characteristics of monuments dedicated to the victims of terror. Additionally, the study covers the post-war architectural transformations in these areas, offering a detailed understanding of the historical and structural aspects of these memorial sites and monuments. This research highlights that architecture serves as more than just a structure; it is a powerful means of reorganizing space to establish a place that embodies memory. It demonstrates how architecture shapes space to commemorate the crimes committed and honor the victims, emphasizing the crucial role of design in preserving history.

  • Are creative users more apt in reusing and adopting Open Government Data (OGD)? Gender differences
    • Charalampos Harris Alexopoulos
    • Stuti Saxena
    • Nina Rizun
    • Ricardo Matheus
    • Marijn Janssen
    2024 Thinking Skills and Creativity

    Open Government Data (OGD) has been considered as a potent instrument for value creation and innovation by a range of stakeholders. Given that individual ingenuity is a function of individual and environmental factors, it is important to understand how the OGD adoption and usage is a factor of creative performance behaviors (CPB), viz., Problem Identification (PI), Information Search (IS), Idea Generation (IG) and Idea Promotion (IP) as well as creative self-efficacy (CSE). Invoking the adapted Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) constructs alongside the moderating effects of CPB and CSE constructs and also gender, the present study seeks to underline the behavioural intention towards OGD adoption and usage among 362 undergraduate and postgraduate university students in India. Findings show that there are gender differences across the CPB and CSE constructs. The study’s contribution lies in furthering our understanding of OGD adoption and use with creativity literature

  • Artificial Intelligence for Wireless Avionics Intra-Communications
    • Samano Ramiro Robles
    • R. Venkatesha Prasad
    • Ad Arts
    • Mateusz Rzymowski
    • Łukasz Kulas
    2024

    This chapter presents a summary of the description and preliminary results of the use case related to the implementation of artificial intelligence tools in the emerging technology called wireless avionics intra-communications (WAICs). WAICs aims to replace some of the cable buses of modern aircraft. This replacement of infrastructure leads to: (1) complexity reduction of future airplanes, (2) creation of innovative services where wireless links are more flexible than wireline links, and mainly (3) a considerable weight reduction, which in turn leads to fuel consumption efficiency, increase of payload, as well as range extension. Therefore, WAICs is expected to have a large impact on the aeronautics industry, propelling a new generation of greener, more efficient, and less expensive aeronautical services. However, there are still several reliability, trust, interoperability and latency issues that need to be addressed before this technology becomes commercial. It is expected that AI will boost the applicability of this technology, contributing to the realization of the concept of “fly-by-wireless”.

  • Artificial intelligence in architectural education - green campus development research
    • Jan Cudzik
    • Lucyna Nyka
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2024 Pełny tekst Global Journal of Engineering Education

    The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has introduced new possibilities and challenges in design education. This article explores the need for changes and adaptations in the teaching process of design as AI-related technologies, based on image generation, transform the creative process and offer novel opportunities. In a research-by-design studio in an architectural faculty in Poland, students who utilised AI tools achieved more innovative and pioneering results than those designed with traditional tools. Based on these results, three alternative methods of working with AI tools were identified. In the semi-traditional approach, AI-generated images served for inspirational purposes solely. In the hybrid system, students integrated fragments of these images into their own urban decisions. Finally, in the hybrid-interactive approach, students used the higher-order loops in computer-human interaction to achieve more site-specific results. The research underscores the vast potential of AI integration, using image generation models in reshaping architectural design methodologies based on best practice.

  • Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis of Onychomycosis—Literature Review
    • Barbara Bulińska
    • Magdalena Mazur-Milecka
    • Martyna Sławińska
    • Jacek Rumiński
    • Roman Janusz Nowicki
    2024 Journal of Fungi

    Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection that is difficult to diagnose due to its similarity to other nail conditions. Accurate identification is essential for effective treatment. The current gold standard methods include microscopic examination with potassium hydroxide, fungal cultures, and Periodic acid-Schiff biopsy staining. These conventional techniques, however, suffer from high turnover times, variable sensitivity, reliance on human interpretation, and costs. This study examines the potential of integrating AI (artificial intelligence) with visualization tools like dermoscopy and microscopy to improve the accuracy and efficiency of onychomycosis diagnosis. AI algorithms can further improve the interpretation of these images. The review includes 14 studies from PubMed and IEEE databases published between 2010 and 2024, involving clinical and dermoscopic pictures, histopathology slides, and KOH microscopic images. Data extracted include study type, sample size, image assessment model, AI algorithms, test performance, and comparison with clinical diagnostics. Most studies show that AI models achieve an accuracy comparable to or better than clinicians, suggesting a promising role for AI in diagnosing onychomycosis. Nevertheless, the niche nature of the topic indicates a need for further research.

  • Artificial Neural Network based fatigue life assessment of riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates and optimization of riveted joints parameters
    • Reza Masoudi Nejad
    • Nima Sina
    • Wenchen Ma
    • Wei Song
    • Shun-Peng Zhu
    • Ricardo Branco
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Aboozar Gholami
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE

    The objective of this paper is to provide the fatigue life of riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates and optimization of riveted joints parameters. At first, the fatigue life of the riveted joints in AA2024 aluminum alloy plates is obtained by experimental tests. Then, an artificial neural network is applied to estimate the fatigue life of riveted lap joints based on the number of lateral and longitudinal holes, punch pressure, gap between the edge of hole and rivet, rivet shank diameter, and rivet shank length. Also, meta heuristic optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the riveting process parameters. Finally, sensitivity analysis is used to obtain the influence of parameters affecting the riveting process on the fatigue life.

  • Asphalt Overlay Enhancement with Fatigue High-Performing Multiaxial Geocomposite
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    • Michał Golos
    2024

    The use of gecomposite incorporating multiaxial geogrid and non-woven fabric of high bitumen retention in asphalt overlays results in the increase of life of the designed pavement structure. Such an approach can offer an opportunity to increase the fatigue life (higher traffic capacity) without the need to increase asphalt overlay thickness or to reduce the thickness of asphalt overlay without reduction of pavement life eventually. This concept results in both economic and environmental benefits. This paper presents the laboratory testing results of the fatigue life of double-layered asphalt specimens with geocomposite used directly in the pavement structure fatigue life calculations. Fatigue testing was performed in the scheme of four-point bending tests (4PB) of large beams in the controlled strain mode – both for reinforced and control specimens. Based on the results obtained, one can conclude that the rated multiaxial geocomposite has a clear and positive effect on asphalt overlay performance and thus has an evident potential to extend the asphalt pavement fatigue life. This paper also presents a slightly modified concept of the Mechanistic-Empirical pavement design method based on fatigue improving factors derived from the laboratory test investigation, allowing reinforcement benefits to be implemented into the design process. Finally, an example of the calculation of reconstructed asphalt pavement with the enhancement of the asphalt overlay reinforced by geocomposite is also presented.

  • Assessing sustainable development goal 7 implementation and its nexus with social, economic and ecological factors in EU countries
    • Marta Kuc-Czarnecka
    • Iwona Markowicz
    • Agnieszka Sompolska-Rzechuła
    • Alina Stundziene
    2024 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

    This research paper delves into the captivating realm of sustainable development, specifically focusing on assessing the degree of implementation of sustainable development goal 7 (SDG7) and its intricate relationship with social, economic and ecological factors within European Union (EU) countries. By comprehensively unravelling the interplay between SDG7 and these multifaceted factors, this study provides invaluable insights into the ongoing sustainable energy revolution within the EU. To verify the research hypotheses, composite indicators (CI) were estimated for SDG7 and selected groups of indicators, employing a methodology grounded in sensitivity analysis. Our findings notably highlight the distinct significance of ecological factors in driving the development of clean energy systems. In contrast, the data did not support our hypothesis, which posited a significant relationship between economic factors and the implementation of SDG7. This evolving perspective underscores the growing recognition of the fundamental role that ecological factors play in shaping our sustainable energy future. Consequently, as we prioritise preserving and conserving our environment, the need to balance economic prosperity with environmental well-being becomes increasingly evident.

  • Assessing the industrialization progress of hydrodynamic cavitation process intensification technology: a review
    • Xun Sun
    • Haozhen Xu
    • Xiaoxu Xuan
    • Sivakumar Manickam
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Benlong Wang
    2024 Current Opinion in Chemical Engineering

    Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely acknowledged as a promising green approach for enhancing various production and waste management processes, such as water treatment, sludge pretreatment, lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) pretreatment, emulsification, and food processing. Despite demonstrating superior industrialization potential compared with other emerging technologies such as ultrasound and microwave, the widespread commercial adoption of HC remained limited even after three decades of development. This review aims to assess the current distance from industrialization and promote the advancement of HC by summarizing recent progress in the pilot or full-scale applications, particularly in biodiesel synthesis, water treatment, and the pretreatment of sludge and LCB. Special attention is given to treatment capacity and economic efficiency.

  • Assessment of Alterations in Settlement Patterns of Agricultural Landscape in the Example of Kashubia in Poland
    • Anna Górka
    2024 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    Traditional agricultural landscapes are heavily exposed to change due to their relatively low agricultural productivity. However, they represent cultural values of great importance in maintaining the resilience of the environment and society. Although their cultural potential is important for sustainable development, it is still insufficiently recognized. The article fills this gap by examining old farmstead buildings as a distinguishing element of the agricultural landscape. The study was conducted in Poland in the area of farm settlements in Kashubia. A spatial database and archival maps were used for comparison of the spatial distribution and the number of farmsteads and buildings in 1937 and 2020. The types of settlements in the selected area of research were recorded and classified. The results obtained from the study may support the spatial planning and local management of agricultural areas for the purpose of preserving rural identity and economy.