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  • Assessment of baby disposable diapers application for urine collection and determination of phthalate metabolites
    • Marta Glinka
    • Katarzyna Jażdżewska
    • Christina Vakh
    • Izabela Drążkowska
    • Ewa Bagińska
    • Tomasz Majchrzak
    • Michał Młynarczyk
    • Dominik Rachon
    • Andrzej Wasik
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2024 Pełny tekst ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

    The baby disposable diapers were investigated as a sampling material for urine collection and validated for the evaluation of the exposure of children to xenobiotics. Phthalate metabolites detected in urine samples were chosen as proof-of-concept analytes. For the determination of phthalate metabolites in children’s urine samples, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used. Two sampling approaches were compared, namely sterile containers and baby disposable diapers. Thirty urine samples from infants and toddlers were analyzed by both methods in parallel and the results were compared. It was found that for diaper sampling, lower concentrations of the metabolites were observed, however, the general distribution for particular metabolites remains the same for both methods. For most of the metabolites high determination coefficients were obtained, namely 0.9929 for MEHHP, 0.9836 for MMP, 0.9796 for MECPP, and 0.9784 for 2-cx-MMHP. For MEOHP the determination correlation coefficient was 0.9154, while for MBP was – 0.7771 and MEHP was – 0.5228. In general, for diaper sampling an underestimation for 2-cx-MMHP and MEOHP was observed, while for MMP diaper-based approach provides overestimation. However, the proposed procedure confirms the possibility of using baby disposable diapers as a material for the collection of urine samples for biomonitoring purposes and fast screening of phthalates exposure.

  • Assessment of the impact of jet impingement technique on the energy efficiency of air-cooled BIPV/T roof tile
    • Jan Wajs
    • Jakub Łukasik
    2024 Pełny tekst Archives of Thermodynamics

    The paper concerns a numerical analysis of cooling of the hybrid photovoltaic (PV) modules dedicated to Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) systems. Attention was focused on the photovoltaic roof tiles, using a jet impingement technique, in which the intensification of heat transfer is ensured by streams of air hitting the heat exchange partition. A series of numerical simulations were carried out to assess an influence of the distance of the nozzle outlet from the absorber surface on the values of selected thermal-hydraulic performance indicators and the electrical parameters of the roof tile. The results confirmed the high effectiveness of the proposed method. The best effect was obtained for the case in which the relative distance of the nozzle from the partition to the nozzle diameter was equal to 1. For the mentioned configuration, an over 4 times increase in the value of the heat transfer coefficient was obtained in relation to the reference variant of cooling roof tiles. At the same time, the relative increase in the value of the generated electrical power was from 2.9 to 7.8%, depending on the value of the Reynolds number characterising the flow.

  • Assessment Of the Relevance of Best Practices in The Development of Medical R&D Projects Based on Machine Learning
    • Jan Cychnerski
    • Tomasz Dziubich
    2024

    Machine learning has emerged as a fundamental tool for numerous endeavors within health informatics, bioinformatics, and medicine. However, novices among biomedical researchers and IT developers frequently lack the requisite experience to effectively execute a machine learning project, thereby increasing the likelihood of adopting erroneous practices that may result in common pitfalls or overly optimistic predictions. The paper presents an assessment of the significance of best practices in the implementation of R\&D projects supporting the medical diagnostic process. Based on the literature and authors' experiences, 27 good practices influencing three fundamental stages of project implementation were identified. The evaluation was based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, which relies on subjective assessments from experts, whose credibility is expressed through the consensus of assessment. Initially focusing on DevOps methodology, research integration, interdisciplinary information sharing were prioritized over automation. Furthermore, annotation tools and data / model quality control were identified as of significant importance.

  • Assessment of Utilizing Hard-to-Recycle Plastic Waste from the Packaging Sector in Architectural Design—Case Study for Experimental Building Material
    • Jan Cudzik
    • Klaudia Kropisz
    2024 Sustainability

    The environmental impact of plastic waste has become a significant concern worldwide, prompting innovative approaches to address sustainability challenges, particularly within architectural design. This research paper delves into assessing the environmental impact and sustainability implications of using hard-to-recycle plastic packaging waste in architectural design practices. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, challenges, and potential benefits of repurposing hard-to-recycle plastic packaging waste as building materials in an architectural context. The paper presents a compelling case study showcasing innovative architectural projects that have successfully integrated hard-to-recycle plastic waste. It offers recommendations for future research directions and policy interventions to promote the adoption of hard-to-recycle plastics in environmentally conscious architecture, thereby advancing sustainability goals and fostering a circular economy paradigm within the construction industry. The research paper also highlights a specific experiment conducted using hard-to-recycle plastic waste, illustrating the potential for creative solutions in sustainable architectural design. This study provides valuable insights into the environmental impact and feasibility of repurposing hard-to-recycle plastics as building materials, contributing to ongoing efforts to address sustainability challenges.

  • Audytu Krajobrazowego Województwa Pomorskiego Opinia ekspercka dla Karty Krajobrazu Priorytetowego Żuławy: Nowa Cerkiew - Palczewo, symbol obszaru: 22-313.54-36
    • Marta Koperska-Kośmicka
    2024

    Audytu Krajobrazowego Województwa Pomorskiego Opinia ekspercka dla Karty Krajobrazu Priorytetowego Żuławy: Nowa Cerkiew - Palczewo, symbol obszaru: 22-313.54-36

  • Authenticity of cultural heritage vis-à-vis heritage reproducibility and intangibility: from conservation philosophy to practice
    • Elżbieta Nakonieczna
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2024 Pełny tekst International Journal of Cultural Policy

    This article states that the philosophical nature/ambiguity/controversy of the issue of authenticity undermines its usefulness as a tool in conservation practice. The main drawback is the inability to objectively define the notion of authenticity. In conservation philosophy, the meaning of authenticity relativizes along with the widespread consent to the reproducibility of cultural heritage, whereas the recognition of its intangibility negates the sense of authenticity. In the World Heritage (WH) policy and practice, the uselessness/counterproductivity of authenticity as a necessary requirement is visible in the inconsistency of this system in the treatment of the commonly realized reproducibility of cultural heritage, and in relation to heritage with a prevailing intangibility, which is illustrated by the example of Gdańsk as a potential WH site. Although the article provides many arguments for departing from the concept of authenticity in the WH system, authenticity introduces the socially beneficial element of discretion (it cannot be considered binarily), as it forces a discussion that raises cultural awareness in an increasingly homogenized world. Finally, to reduce some inconsistencies in the WH system, this paper recommends restoring autonomy to criterion (vi) in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention.

  • Automated hearing loss type classification based on pure tone audiometry data
    • Michał Kassjański
    • Marcin Kulawiak
    • Tomasz Przewoźny
    • Dmitry Tretiakow
    • Jagoda Kuryłowicz
    • Andrzej Molisz
    • Krzysztof Koźmiński
    • Aleksandra Kwaśniewska
    • Paulina Mierzwińska-Dolny
    • Miłosz Grono
    2024 Scientific Reports

    Hearing problems are commonly diagnosed with the use of tonal audiometry, which measures a patient’s hearing threshold in both air and bone conduction at various frequencies. Results of audiometry tests, usually represented graphically in the form of an audiogram, need to be interpreted by a professional audiologist in order to determine the exact type of hearing loss and administer proper treatment. However, the small number of professionals in the field can severely delay proper diagnosis. The presented work proposes a neural network solution for classification of tonal audiometry data. The solution, based on the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory architecture, has been devised and evaluated for classifying audiometry results into four classes, representing normal hearing, conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, and sensorineural hearing loss. The network was trained using 15,046 test results analysed and categorised by professional audiologists. The proposed model achieves 99.33% classification accuracy on datasets outside of training. In clinical application, the model allows general practitioners to independently classify tonal audiometry results for patient referral. In addition, the proposed solution provides audiologists and otolaryngologists with access to an AI decision support system that has the potential to reduce their burden, improve diagnostic accuracy, and minimise human error.

  • Automated measurement method for assessing thermal-dependent electronic characteristics of thin boron-doped diamond-graphene nanowall structures
    • Michał Rycewicz
    • Mariusz Banasiak
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Stephan Kubowicz
    • Simona Baluchová
    • Bogusława Sobczak
    • Elizaveta Vereshchagina
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2024 MEASUREMENT

    This paper investigates the electrical properties of boron-doped diamond-graphene (B:DG) nanostructures, focusing on their semiconductor characteristics. These nanostructures are synthesized on fused silica glass and Si wafer substrates to compare their behaviour on different surfaces. A specialized measurement system, incorporating Python-automated code, was developed for an in-depth analysis of electronic properties under various contact configurations. This approach allowed for a detailed exploration of charge transport mechanisms within the nanostructures. The research highlights a decrease in resistivity with increased deposition time, as shown by Arrhenius plot analysis. This trend is linked to the formation and evolution of multi-wall graphene structures. SEM images showed nanowall structures formed more readily on amorphous fused silica substrates, enabling unrestricted growth. TOF-SIMS analysis revealed uneven boron atom distribution through the film depth. A significant finding is a reduction in conductive activation energy in samples grown in microwave plasma from 197 meV to 87 meV as deposition time increased from 5 to 25 min. Furthermore, the study identifies a shift in transport mechanisms from variable range hopping (VRH) below 170 K to thermally activated (TA) conduction above 200 K. These insights advance our understanding of the electronic behaviours in B:DG nanostructures and underscore their potential in electronic device engineering, opening new paths for future research and technological developments.

  • Automatic Correction of Non-Anechoic Antenna Measurements Using Complex Morlet Wavelets
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • Vorya Waladi
    2024 Pełny tekst IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

    Real-world performance of antennas is normally tested in anechoic chambers (ACs). Alternatively, experimental validation can be performed in non-anechoic environments and refined in the course of post-processing. Unfortunately, the existing methods are difficult to setup and prone to failure. In this letter, a wavelet-based framework for correction of non-anechoic antenna measurements has been proposed. The method involves automatic centering and adjusting of the wavelet w.r.t. a fraction of the signal that corresponds to line-of-sight transmission within the system under test. Performance of the method has been verified a using two compact antennas and a total of 15 experiments. Benchmarks against the state-of-the-art approaches have also been performed.

  • Autonomous port management based AGV path planning and optimization via an ensemble reinforcement learning framework
    • Xinqiang Chen
    • Shuhao Liu
    • Jiansen Zhao
    • Huafeng Wu
    • Jiangfeng Xian
    • Jakub Montewka
    2024 OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT

    The rapid development of shipping trade pushes automated container terminals toward the direction of intelligence, safety and efficiency. In particular, the formulation of AGV scheduling tasks and the safety and stability of transportation path is an important part of port operation and management, and it is one of the basic tasks to build an intelligent port. Existing research mainly focuses on collaborative operation between port equipment and path optimization under environmental perception, while there is relatively little research on optimization of path smoothness and safety. Therefore, we propose a path optimization model based on the artificial potential field and twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (APF-TD3) framework for the port environment. Firstly, we obtain the scheduling task plan of a single AGV by enumeration. Secondly, according to the artificial potential field (APF) algorithm to generate repulsion for obstacles in the harbor and attraction for container storage at the target point with the position information of the AGV as the input data of the reinforcement learning algorithm is inputted into the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (TD3). Then TD3 selects the optimal action strategy for the AGV according to the input AGV state information and the designed reward mechanism as well as executes the action. Through repeated execution, the optimal action for the next step is selected at each point to generate a path with start and end points. We validate the model by simulating the scale of containerized cargo in the port i.e. small scale, medium scale and large scale scenes. The experimental results show that the method has the shortest path length of 27.519 m, 270.847 m, and 496.389 m compared to artificial potential field and deep deterministic policy gradient (APF-DDPG), APF, and rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithms, which also have significant advantages in terms of path security and path smoothness. This framework could respond to the scheduling and transportation tasks of single AGV in different environmental layouts and guarantee the smoothness and safety of the path based on the optimization of the path, which promotes the efficient operation and management of ports.

  • Availability of UAV Fleet Evaluation Based on Multi-State System
    • Elena Zaitseva
    • Vitaly Levashenko
    • Vladimir Mysko
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Darkhan Zhaxybayev
    2024 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications are extended extremely. Some applications need to use several UAVs for a general mission which can be considered a UAV fleet. One of the important characteristics for the evaluation of a UAV or UAV fleet is reliability. There are studies in which methods for analysis of their reliability are considered. Reliability analysis of UAV fleets is less frequently studied, although a single UAV cannot be performed in many applications and requires the involvement of multiple UAVs. Typically, this analysis is based on evaluating two states as operational/functioning and faulting. This paper proposes a new method to calculate the availability of a UAV fleet as one of the reliability characteristics. Unlike well-known UAV fleet analysis approaches, in this paper, the availability is studied based on a mathematical model of a Multi-State System (MSS). MSS allows us to examine more than two states (operational and faulty) of the system, so this analysis is more detailed. In this paper, based on MSS, the analysis of various topologies of UAV fleets is implemented. This mathematical model is used for the analysis and evaluation of topologies of homogeneous and heterogeneous UAV fleets, which can be irredundant or redundant hot stable systems. The interpretations of different topologies of fleets as typical structures of MSS (series, parallel, k-out-of-n) are considered. New mathematical definitions of the availability of UAV fleets of different topologies based on MSS structure function are proposed. These definitions allowed us to consider the influence of the number of UAVs on the UAV fleet availability and compare the availabilities of considered topologies of fleets.

  • Awaria betonowej posadzki przemysłowej w następstwie błędów projektowych i wykonawczych
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024

    W artykule przedstawiono opis uszkodzeń betonowej posadzki przemysłowej która z pominięciem zasad wiedzy technicznej została niepoprawnie zaprojektowana, a następnie błędnie wykonana. Bezpośrednio po zakończeniu realizacji, przedmiotowa posadzka wykazywała rozległe usterki i uszkodzenia, które praktycznie od momentu zakończenia robót uniemożliwiały rozpoczęcie eksploatacji hali magazynowej zlokalizowanej na terenie zakładu produkcyjnego. W pracy przedstawiono zaproponowany sposób naprawy i zakres robót remontowych.

  • BACTERIAL INACTIVATION VIA LASER-DRIVEN GOLD NANOPARTICLE HEATING: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Aimad Koulali
    • Piotr Radomski
    • Daniela De Biase
    • Federica Zaccagnini
    • Jacek Zieliński
    • Michał Pikuła
    • Kwang-un Jeong
    • Francesca Petronella
    • Luciano De Sio
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst

    This study utilizes CFD technique to simulate the inactivation of E. coli bacteria within a microfluidic chamber, employing gold nanoparticles irradiated by a laser beam. Employing a single-phase model, the presence of bacteria is considered by treating thermal properties in the governing equations as effective, combining those of water and bacteria using established correlations from scientific literature. The conversion of light into heat is modeled with parameters derived from scientific literature, featuring a defined source term quantifying the converted light into heat. Introducing a User Defined Scalar (UDS) employing a first-order kinetic model described by the Arrhenius equation for the decay coefficient captures the bacteria's response to irradiation. A dedicated User Defined Function (UDF) is developed to implement this model, allowing the simulation to account for the reduction in bacterial concentration over time. The results uncover intricate dynamics in bacterial response to laser-induced thermal effects, showcasing the potential for effective bacterial control. Furthermore, the model is rigorously validated against experimental data, affirming its accuracy and robustness in reproducing real-world thermal effects.

  • Badanie dynamiki platform pływających morskich turbin wiatrowych z zastosowaniem metod numerycznej mechaniki płynów
    • Ewelina Ciba
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Praca dotyczy badania ruchu platform pływających pod morskie turbiny wiatrowe. Przedstawiono w niej główne metody obliczeń i przedyskutowano ich zastosowanie. Na przykładzie koncepcji konstrukcji 3-kolumnowej platformy typu Spar przedstawiono metodykę wykonywania obliczeń z zastosowaniem programu AQWA opartego na metodzie dyfrakcyjnej, rozszerzonego o współczynniki wynikające z lepkości wyznaczone za pomocą obliczeń RANSE-CFD. Wyznaczono współczynniki hydromechaniczne dla konstrukcji w wersji podstawowej oraz z dodatkową płytą tłumiącą. Przestawiono dwie metody obliczania współczynników: testy oscylacji swobodnych oraz oscylacji wymuszonych. Wykonano obliczenia w programie AQWA rozszerzonym o wpływ lepkości za pomocą dodatkowej macierzy współczynników tłumienia liniowego oraz z wykorzystaniem dodatkowego współczynnika oporu Morisona stwierdzając, że druga metoda jest lepsza. Skuteczność metody potwierdzono wynikami badań modelowych. Wykonano ponadto szczegółowe analizy zastosowania dodatkowego elementu tłumiącego w postaci płyty tłumiącej pełnej lub płyty z otworami. Opisano wpływ zastosowania każdego z poszczególnych rozwiązań na wartości współczynników hydrodynamicznych konstrukcji. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników wyciągnięto praktyczne wnioski użyteczne do projektowania konstrukcji wsporczych pod morskie turbiny wiatrowe.

  • Badanie skuteczności ochrony katodowej Ostrogi Pilotowej w Porcie Gdynia
    • Krzysztof Żakowski
    • Juliusz Orlikowski
    2024

    Przedmiotem ekspertyzy jest ocena skuteczności ochrony katodowej palościanki Ostrogi Pilotowej w Porcie Wojennym w Gdyni Oksywiu, po pogłębieniu Kanału Portowego i zamontowaniu dodatkowych anod galwanicznych.

  • Badanie wybranych właściwości wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Hanan Tariq
    • Kornel Borowski
    2024 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    W instalacjach elektrycznych niskiego napięcia instaluje się coraz więcej przekształtników energoelektronicznych (systemy fotowoltaiczne, instalacje ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych, układy napędowe o regulowanej prędkości obrotowej silnika), a mają one wpływ na dobór typu wyzwalania wyłączników różnicowoprądowych (AC, A, F lub B). W obwodach, w których pojawia się prąd różnicowy zawierający składowe o częstotliwości innej niż 50 Hz, może być konieczne zastosowanie wyłącznika różnicowoprądowego typu F. W artykule omówiono wyniki badań progu zadziałania tego typu wyłączników różnicowoprądowych przy prądach różnicowych o częstotliwościach innych niż 50 Hz. Przedstawiono również reakcję wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F na pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej wykonany dwoma miernikami różniącymi się czasem przepływu prądu pomiarowego. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, jaki należy dobrać miernik, aby nie następowało zbędne wyzwalanie wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F podczas tego pomiaru.

  • BADNIA WYTRZYMAŁOŚCI HISTORYCZNYCH MURÓW CEGLANYCH
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    • Tomasz Majewski
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Treść niniejszego artykułu dotyczy badań historycznych murów ceglanych i swoim zakresem obejmuje zarówno badania polowe, jak również eksperymenty laboratoryjne. Zakres artykułu dotyczy badań wytrzymałościowych zabytkowych murów ceglanych, rozumianych jako badania wytrzymałości na ściskanie.

  • Balistyka Dla Snajperów
    • Jerzy Ejsmont
    2024

    Książka stanowi poradnik dla snajperów zawierający informacje na temat balistyki wewnętrznej, zewnętrznej i końcowej pocisków karabinowych. Omówione są również celowniki optyczne, noktowizyjne i termowizyjne.

  • BASECOL2023 scientific content
    • M. L. Dubernet
    • C. Boursier
    • O. Denis-Alpizar
    • Y.a. Ba
    • N. Moreau
    • C. M. Zwölf
    • M.a. Amor
    • D. Babikov
    • N. Balakrishnan
    • C. Balança
    • M. Ben Khalifa
    • A. Bergeat
    • C.t. Bop
    • L. Cabrera-González
    • C. Cárdenas
    • A. Chefai
    • P. J. Dagdigian
    • F. Dayou
    • S. Demes
    • B. Desrousseaux
    • F. Dumouchel
    • A. Faure
    • R. C. Forrey
    • Jan Franz
    • R. M. García-Vázquez
    • Francesco Antonio Gianturco
    • A. Palluet Godard
    • Lola González-Sánchez
    • G. C. Groenenboom
    • P. Halvick
    • K. Hammami
    • F. Khadri
    • Y. Kalugina
    • I. Kleiner
    • Jacek Kłos
    • F. Lique
    • J. Loreau
    • B. Mandal
    • Barry P. Mant
    • S. Marinakis
    • D. Ndaw
    • P. Jankowiak Pirlot
    • T. Price
    • E. Quintas-Sánchez
    • R. Ramachandran
    • E. Sahnoun
    • C. Santander
    • P. C. Stancil
    • T Stoecklin
    • Jonathan Tennyson
    • F. Tonolo
    • R. Urzúa-Leiva
    • B. Yang
    • E. Yurtsever
    • M. Żóltowski
    2024 Pełny tekst ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

    Context. The global context of making numerous data produced by researchers available requires collecting and organising the data, assigning meaningful metadata, and presenting the data in a meaningful and homogeneous way. The BASECOL database, which collects inelastic rate coefficients for application to the interstellar medium and to circumstellar and cometary atmospheres, meets those requirements. Aims. We aim to present the scientific content of the BASECOL2023 edition. Methods. While the previous versions relied on finding rate coefficients in the literature, the current version is populated with published results sent by the producers of data. The paper presents the database, the type of data that can be found, the type of metadata that are used, and the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) standards that are used for the metadata. Finally, we present the different datasets species by species. Results. As the BASECOL database, interconnected with the VAMDC e-infrastructure, uses the VAMDC standards, the collisional data can be extracted with tools using VAMDC standards and can be associated with spectroscopic data extracted from other VAMDC connected databases such as the Cologne database for molecular spectroscopy (CDMS), the jet propulsion laboratory molecular spectroscopy database (JPL), and the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN).

  • Beeswax And Palmitic Acid Utilization With Heat Pipes For Electronics Cooling
    • Paweł Szymański
    • Radosław Paluch
    2024 ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS

    This paper presents an experimental study of heat pipes supported by phase change materials (PCMs) coated at their adiabatic sections in application for electronics cooling. The PCMs investigated in this research were palmitic acid and beeswax, the latter being considered as a more cost-effective alternative. The study focused on three powers: 20W, 25W, and 30W. The experimental results revealed that the incorporation of palmitic acid as a PCM led to a reduction in component’s maximum temperature by 13.3%, 12.6%, and 11.8% for the respective powers. Utilization of beeswax resulted in temperature reductions of 5%, 5.2%, and 8.4%. Notably, for higher heat flux conditions, the influence of beeswax on temperature control was comparable to that of palmitic acid. Furthermore, beeswax demonstrated a significantly higher capability to mitigate temperature decrease during cooldown, serving as a superior measure against overcooling. Moreover, during the thermal cycling scenario considered in this study, beeswax reduced the peak-valley temperature by 25%, while palmitic acid achieved a reduction of 14.6%. These findings suggest that beeswax has the potential to serve as an alternative to traditional organic PCMs in electronics cooling applications that utilize heat pipes.

  • Bell-Type Inequalities from the Perspective of Non-Newtonian Calculus
    • Michał Piotr Piłat
    2024 Pełny tekst Foundations of Science

    A class of quantum probabilities is reformulated in terms of non-Newtonian calculus and projective arithmetic. The model generalizes spin-1/2 singlet state probabilities discussed in Czachor (Acta Physica Polonica:139 70–83, 2021) to arbitrary spins s. For s → ∞ the formalism reduces to ordinary arithmetic and calculus. Accordingly, the limit “non-Newtonian to Newtonian” becomes analogous to the classical limit of a quantum theory

  • Bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment: Current status, research progress, and future prospects
    • Xingyang Li
    • Jiming Su
    • Hui Wang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Jürgen Mahlknecht
    • Shiva Singh
    • Chongqing Wang
    2024 Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

    Wastewater treatment is an important topic for improving water quality and environmental protection, and artificial intelligence has become a powerful tool for wastewater treatment. This work provides research progress and a literature review of artificial intelligence applied to wastewater treatment based on the visualization of bibliometric tools. A total of 3460 publications from 2000 to 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The literature was analyzed from various aspects such as publications, journals, and authors. There are collaboration relationships among various countries, institutes, and authors. Keywords were analyzed in three directions “artificial intelligence”, “wastewater treatment technology”, and “pollutant types”. Hot keywords were identified, including “support vector machine”, “random forests”, “membrane bioreactor”, “photocatalytic degradation”, and “antibiotics”. Significant advancements were obtained in intelligent water quality monitoring, innovative material development, and energy cost optimization. Machine learning algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory, demonstrated remarkable capabilities in predicting process parameters, enhancing material performance, and optimizing energy utilization in wastewater treatment plants. Artificial intelligence applied to wastewater treatment is still in its primary stage, and with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, significant technical innovation in wastewater treatment can be anticipated in the near future.

  • Bi-GRU-APSO: Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit with Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Sales Forecasting in Multi-Channel Retail
    • Aruna Mogarala Guruvaya
    • Archana Kollu
    • Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    • Hirald Dwaraka Praveena
    2024 Telecom

    In the present scenario, retail sales forecasting has a great significance in E-commerce companies. The precise retail sales forecasting enhances the business decision making, storage management, and product sales. Inaccurate retail sales forecasting can decrease customer satisfaction, inventory shortages, product backlog, and unsatisfied customer demands. In order to obtain a better retail sales forecasting, deep learning models are preferred. In this manuscript, an effective Bi-GRU is proposed for accurate sales forecasting related to E-commerce companies. Initially, retail sales data are acquired from two benchmark online datasets: Rossmann dataset and Walmart dataset. From the acquired datasets, the unreliable samples are eliminated by interpolating missing data, outlier’s removal, normalization, and de-normalization. Then, feature engineering is carried out by implementing the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) technique, and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) technique. Followed by that, the optimized active features from feature engineering are given to the Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) model for precise retail sales forecasting. From the result analysis, it is seen that the proposed Bi-GRU model achieves higher results in terms of an R2 value of 0.98 and 0.99, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.05 and 0.07, and a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.04 and 0.03 on the Rossmann and Walmart datasets. The proposed method supports the retail sales forecasting by achieving superior results over the conventional models.

  • Bile conjugation and its effect on in vitro lipolysis of emulsions
    • Natalia Łozińska
    • Julia Maldonado-Valderrama
    • Teresa Del Castillo Santaella
    • Yanija Zhou
    • Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
    • Yuanqi Lu
    • Christian Jungnickel
    2024 FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

    Bile Salts (BS) are responsible for stimulating lipid digestion in our organism. Gut microbiota are responsible for the deconjugation process of primary conjugated to secondary unconjugated BS. We use two structurally distinct BS and characterize the rate of lipolysis as a compound parameter. A static in-vitro digestion model as well as meta-analysis of literature data has been performed to determine the most influential factors affecting the lipid digestion process. The results demonstrate that lipolysis of emulsions using conjugated BS (NaTC, FFA = 60.0 %, CMC in SIF = 5.58 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.21, rate of adsorption = -0.057 mN/m.s) enhances the release of FFA compared to deconjugated BS (NaDC, FFA = 49.5 %, CMC in SIF = 2.49 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.16 rate of adsorption = -0.064 mN/m.s). These results indicate that conjugation plays an important role in controlling the rate of lipolysis in our organism which can be in turn, tuned by the microflora composition of our gut, ultimately controlling the rate of deconjugation of the BS.

  • Bimodal deep learning model for subjectively enhanced emotion classification in films
    • Dawid Weber
    • Bożena Kostek
    2024 INFORMATION SCIENCES

    This research delves into the concept of color grading in film, focusing on how color influences the emotional response of the audience. The study commenced by recalling state-of-the-art works that process audio-video signals and associated emotions by machine learning. Then, assumptions of subjective tests for refining and validating an emotion model for assigning specific emotional labels to selected film excerpts were presented. The insights gained from these subjective evaluations facilitated the creation of a comprehensive database of movie excerpts. This database was subsequently employed to both train and evaluate the efficacy of deep learning models. The latter half of the study shifts focus to the intelligent analysis of audio and video signals that form film excerpts. This involved exploring diverse methodologies for parameterizing these signals. Models that demonstrated the highest accuracy on the test dataset on audio/video only were amalgamated to forge a bimodal model, which integrates both audio and video signals for emotion classification. The bimodal model exhibited superior accuracy in tests compared to a model that solely relied on video signal classification. This enhancement in performance was achieved with only a marginal increase in the complexity and the number of parameters within the model.

  • Bioactivation of Konjac Glucomannan Films by Tannic Acid and Gluconolactone Addition
    • Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
    • Lidia Zasada
    • Ugo D’Amora
    • Anna Pałubicka
    • Anna Michno
    • Anna Ronowska
    • Marcin Wekwejt
    2024 ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Wound healing is a dynamic process that requires an optimal extracellular environment, as well as an accurate synchronization between various cell types. Over the past few years, great efforts have been devoted to developing novel approaches for treating and managing burn injuries, sepsis, and chronic or accidental skin injuries. Multifunctional smart-polymer-based dressings represent a promising approach to support natural healing and address several problems plaguing partially healed injuries, including severe inflammation, scarring, and wound infection. Naturally derived compounds offer unique advantages such as minimal toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and outstanding biocompatibility along with potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Herein, the main driving idea of the work was the design and development of konjac glucomannan d-glucono-1,5-lactone (KG) films bioactivated by tannic acid and d-glucono-1,5-lactone (GL) addition. Our analysis, using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, atomic force microscopy, and surface energy measurements demonstrated that tannic acid (TA) clearly interacted with the KG matrix, acting as its cross-linker, whereas GL was embedded within the polymer structure. All developed films maintained a moist environment, which represents a pivotal property for wound dressing. Hemocompatibility experiments showed that all tested films exhibited no hemolytic impact on human erythrocytes. Moreover, the presence of TA and GL enhanced the metabolic and energetic activity in human dermal fibroblasts, as indicated by the MTT assay, showing results exceeding 150%. Finally, all films demonstrated high antibacterial properties as they significantly reduced the multiplication rate of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in bacterial broth and created the inhibition zones for S. aureus in agar plates. These remarkable outcomes make the KG/TA/GL film promising candidates for wound healing applications.

  • Bioactive and biodegradable cotton fabrics produced via synergic effect of plant extracts and essential oils in chitosan coating system
    • Bolesław Szadkowski
    • Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska
    • Anna Marzec
    2024 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Functional antibacterial textile materials are in great demand in the medical sector. In this paper, we propose a facile, eco-friendly approach to the design of antibacterial biodegradable cotton fabrics. Cotton fiber fabrics were enhanced with a chitosan coating loaded with plant extracts and essential oils. We employed Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to characterize the color, structure, and thermal properties of the modified fabrics. The fabrics were found to effectively induce growth inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially when a synergic system of aloe vera extract and cinnamon essential oil was applied in the coating formulation. Additionally, we observed significant color and weight changes after 5, 10, and 20 days in soil biodegradability tests. Given the straightforward modification process and the use of non-toxic natural materials, these innovative bio-based and biodegradable cotton fabrics show great promise as protective antimicrobial textiles for healthcare applications.

  • Biobased Ultralow-Density Polyurethane Foams with Enhanced Recyclability
    • Olga Gotkiewicz
    • Mikelis Kirpluks
    • Zuzanna Walterova
    • Olga Kockova
    • Sabina Abbrent
    • Paulina Parcheta-Szwindowska
    • Ugis Cabulis
    • Hynek Benes
    2024 Pełny tekst ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

    Polyurethane (PUR) foams are widely used in many engineering applications, but their efficient recycling has remained a major challenge for many years. This study presents a novel strategy of incorporating hydrolyzable ester units into the PUR structure to enhance PUR foam recyclability. The present ecodesign concept of PUR materials enables fully the replacement of petrochemical polyols with biobased alternatives and production of ultralow-density (16 kg·m−3) PUR foams. To each this target, a series of low-function polyols based on succinic acid (SA) were first synthesized. Their subsequent use in combination with a highfunctional biobased tall oil-derived polyol led to the production of highly homogenous semirigid, partly open-cell PUR foams with outstanding structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Additionally, the study shows that the incorporation of SA-polyols with hydrolyzable ester linkages into the PUR foams significantly enhances their recyclability via glycolysis, proving their potential in contributing to a circular economy and addressing plastic waste concerns.

  • Biocatalytic Functionalities of Lignin Peroxidase‑Based Systems in Lignin Depolymerization and Pollutants Removal from Environmental Matrices
    • Muhammad Bilal
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 Pełny tekst Current Pollution Reports

    Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized and highlighted recent developments in the use of lignin peroxidase (LiP) to remove a variety of pollutants from water matrices. The high redox potential of LiP is underlined by its excellent catalytic functionalities in the elimination of pharmaceuticals, phenolics, dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and other miscellaneous pollutants. LiP-based computational frameworks for theoretical bioremediation of multiple pollutants have also been discussed, which have prompted a rise in scientific interest. Recent Findings According to current studies, both free and immobilized LiPs are biocatalysts capable of efficient pollutant degradation and LMW transformation. Some immobilized LiP preparations demonstrated excellent recyclability, enabling its reusability in multiple catalytic cycles. Additionally, computational degradability makes it easier to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Summary The capacity of LiP to cleave C–C and C–O–C bonds has led to its widespread application as a biocatalyst. Its outstanding potential to catalyze oxidative cleavage has been effectively used in the remediation of pollutants without needing mediators. Nevertheless, we brought attention to the current LiP system in pollutants remediation and computational framework, which has generated a significant rise in scientific interest.

  • Biocatalytic Functionalities of Lignin Peroxidase-Based Systems in Lignin Depolymerization and Pollutants Removal from Environmental Matrices
    • Anil Kumar Singh
    • Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
    • Jens Ejbye Schmidt
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Muhammad Bilal
    2024 Pełny tekst Current Pollution Reports

    Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized and highlighted recent developments in the use of lignin peroxidase (LiP) to remove a variety of pollutants from water matrices. The high redox potential of LiP is underlined by its excellent catalytic functionalities in the elimination of pharmaceuticals, phenolics, dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and other miscellaneous pollutants. LiP-based computational frameworks for theoretical bioremediation of multiple pollutants have also been discussed, which have prompted a rise in scientific interest. Recent Findings According to current studies, both free and immobilized LiPs are biocatalysts capable of efficient pollutant degradation and LMW transformation. Some immobilized LiP preparations demonstrated excellent recyclability, enabling its reusability in multiple catalytic cycles. Additionally, computational degradability makes it easier to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Summary The capacity of LiP to cleave C–C and C–O–C bonds has led to its widespread application as a biocatalyst. Its outstanding potential to catalyze oxidative cleavage has been effectively used in the remediation of pollutants without needing mediators. Nevertheless, we brought attention to the current LiP system in pollutants remediation and computational framework, which has generated a significant rise in scientific interest.

  • Biocementacja – ekologiczna alternatywa dla stabilizacji gruntów.
    • Artur Tadeusz Ciechanowicz
    • Witold Tisler
    • Katarzyna Jankowska
    2024 Pełny tekst Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

    Przedstawienie badań wytrzymałości na ścinanie dla gruntu niespoistego stabilizowanego bio-cementacją bakteryjną. Omówienie charakterystyki drobnoustrojów wraz z podziałem badań na dwie części: mikrobiologiczną oraz geotechniczną. Potwierdzenie możliwości wykorzystania cementacji bakteryjnej jako alternatywnej metody stabilizacji podłoża gruntowego.

  • Biological and antibacterial properties of chitosan-based coatings with AgNPs and CuNPs obtained on oxidized Ti13Zr13Nb titanium alloy
    • Michał Bartmański
    • Anna Ronowska
    • Szymon Mania
    • Adrianna Banach-Kopeć
    • Justyna Kozłowska
    2024 MATERIALS LETTERS

    Despite numerous studies, the antibacterial efficiency and cytotoxicity of chitosan-based coatings with nanometals need further studies. The purpose of this research was to determine the biological properties of chitosan coatings implemented with either silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), that were electrophoretically deposited on electrochemically oxidized Ti13Zr13Nb alloy. The SEM tests were used to examine the surface uniformity. The biological tests against human osteoblast cells hFOB 1.19 and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria were performed. The release of Cu2+ from coating dependent on the pH of medium. The highest was at pH 3.0 and it achieved 47.73 mg/ml. No cytotoxic effects of the chitosan-AgNPs coatings were observed in direct and indirect contact studies, as there was 20 % inhibition of cell growth but no LDH release which indicate the cell breakdown. Antibacterial properties were proven for all modifications, but this effect was stronger for coatings with implemented AgNPs (log degree of bacteria number reduction >3.75 for E. coli and S. aureus).

  • Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
    • Zohaib Saddique
    • Muhammad Imran
    • Ayesha Javaid
    • Farah Kanwal
    • Shoomaila Latif
    • José Eudes L. Santos
    • Tak H. Kim
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    The rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore. There is an urgent need to develop alternative greener energy sources that are sustainable and have minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is one such alternative energy source of attention. Harvesting sunlight through the use of solar panels is already being employed at domestic and commercial levels. Photocatalytic water splitting, which aims to produce hydrogen by utilizing unlimited sources including water and sunlight, is another potential process for alternative energy production. The conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen through sunlight is an innovative process that directly converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen via photocatalytic water splitting. Numerous photocatalytic materials are available for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but bismuth-based materials are the most suitable as they are non-toxic, economical, opto-electronically active, have suitable band positions for photocatalysis, and exhibit excellent photo-stability. To provide summary of latest research in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, a comprehensive review is favorable to suggest future research directions aimed at discovering solutions to current challenges. This review emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources and the competitiveness of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. The mechanism and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic water splitting have been discussed, along with the properties of an ideal photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a special focus on the bismuth-based photocatalysts. The optimization of synthetic and photocatalytic processes is crucial for commercial use with much improved hydrogen production in terms of cost and quantity without harming environment at any stage. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives have been presented for upcoming research in this domain.

  • Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
    • Zohaib Saddique
    • Muhammad Imran
    • Ayesha Javaid
    • Farah Kanwal
    • Shoomaila Latif
    • José Eudes L. Santos
    • Tak H. Kim
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    The rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore. There is an urgent need to develop alternative greener energy sources that are sustainable and have minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is one such alternative energy source of attention. Harvesting sunlight through the use of solar panels is already being employed at domestic and commercial levels. Photocatalytic water splitting, which aims to produce hydrogen by utilizing unlimited sources including water and sunlight, is another potential process for alternative energy production. The conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen through sunlight is an innovative process that directly converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen via photocatalytic water splitting. Numerous photocatalytic materials are available for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but bismuth-based materials are the most suitable as they are non-toxic, economical, opto-electronically active, have suitable band positions for photocatalysis, and exhibit excellent photo-stability. To provide summary of latest research in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, a comprehensive review is favorable to suggest future research directions aimed at discovering solutions to current challenges. This review emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources and the competitiveness of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. The mechanism and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic water splitting have been discussed, along with the properties of an ideal photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a special focus on the bismuth-based photocatalysts. The optimization of synthetic and photocatalytic processes is crucial for commercial use with much improved hydrogen production in terms of cost and quantity without harming environment at any stage. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives have been presented for upcoming research in this domain.

  • Bisphenol A analogues and metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Joanna Majewska
    • Andrzej Berg
    • Joanna Jurewicz
    • Katarzyna Owczarek
    • Radosław Zajdel
    • Anna Kilanowicz
    • Andrzej Wasik
    • Dominik Rachoń
    2024 Pełny tekst REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY

    Bisphenols (BPs) have become a chemical group of special interest due to their ability to interfere with the endocrine system and their ubiquitous presence in the environment. As some of them possess mild estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects, they might be associated with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Acting on multiple tissues, BPs exposure may lead to metabolic derangements characteristic for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the potential relationship between exposure to some BPA analogues and features of the MetS in women with PCOS. Serum BPE, BPC, BPG, BPM, BPP, BPZ, BPFL, and BPBP concentrations did not differ significantly between the PCOS (n = 135) and the control subjects (n = 104). However, women whose serum BPM and BPP concentrations were in the highest tertile were more likely to be diagnosed with PCOS (adjusted OR; [95%CI] 0.43; [0.20; 0.89], P < 0.001 and 0.56; [0.27; 0.96], P = 0.049, consequently). Serum concentrations of BPs were not associated with the MetS diagnosis in the PCOS group. There was a negative correlation between the concentrations of serum BPBP and total serum cholesterol (r = – 0.153; P = 0.019), BPE and serum testosterone (r = – 0.160; P = 0.014) as well as BPC and HDL-cholesterol (r = – 0.138; P = 0.036). There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of BPP and serum triglycerides (r = 0.138; P = 0.036). Our results point to the potential association between exposure to BPM, BPP, and the diagnosis of PCOS, along with the impact of BPBP, BPE, BPC, and BPP on the metabolic features of the MetS.

  • Biuro Młodych Naukowców – z myślą o młodych naukowcach PG
    • Agnieszka Lendzion
    2024 Pełny tekst Pismo PG

    Biuro Młodych Naukowców to jednostka administracji centralnej powstała w lutym 2024 r. z myślą o szerokim wsparciu młodych naukowców Politechniki Gdańskiej. Do zadań Biura należą m.in.: inicjowanie i prowadzenie szeroko rozumianych działań na rzecz młodych naukowców, wsparcie Zespołu Młodych Naukowców, ale także koordynowanie działań zaplanowanych w Strategii HR4R PG oraz innych związanych z utrzymaniem przez Uczelnię wyróżnienia HR Excellence in Research oraz nadzór merytoryczny nad realizacją projektów Funduszy Europejskich dla Rozwoju Społecznego (FERS).

  • Błędy projektowe i wykonawcze płyty fundamentowej garażu podziemnego
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    • Tomasz Majewski
    2024

    W artykule przedstawiono opis uszkodzeń płyty fundamentowej garażu podziemnego, która została błędnie zaprojektowana, a następnie wykonana w sposób niezgodny z zasadami wiedzy technicznej. Bezpośrednio po zakończeniu realizacji płyty fundamentowej na jej powierzchni wystąpiły intensywne zarysowania, które miały charakter nieustabilizowany i ulegały rozwojowi w czasie. Wykonana w ramach prac wykończeniowych posadzka również uległa zarysowaniu. W pracy przedstawiono propozycje zakresu prac naprawczych zarówno samej płyty fundamentowej, jak i uszkodzonej posadzki tj. górnej powierzchni wykończonej zasypką utwardzoną powierzchniowo.

  • Bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers’ behavior towards rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey, and lamb meat: A comparative review
    • Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
    • Shuva Bhowmik
    • Maliha Afreen
    • İlknur Ucak
    • Ali Ikram
    • Francesca Gerini
    • Mohammad Mehdizadeh
    • Raphael D. Ayivi
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    2024 NUTRITION

    In bodybuilders’ diets, protein plays a crucial role in supporting muscle growth and repairing damaged muscle tissue. These individuals meet their protein needs by combining dietary sources with supplements. Animal-based proteins are often preferred over plant-based proteins because they are believed to better support muscle protein synthesis. This review explores the meat consumption patterns of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers, focusing on rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey, and lamb. We describe and compare the types of meat bodybuilders commonly consume and provide an overview of protein supplements, including meat-based options, plant-based alternatives, and whey-based products. Our aim is to gain insight into the dietary preferences of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers, considering their nutritional requirements and the potential effect on the meat industry. We conducted an extensive search across various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. We found that individual choices vary based on factors such as attitudes, trust, taste, texture, nutritional content, ethical considerations, and cultural influences. Nutritional factors, including protein content, amino acid profiles, and fat levels, significantly influence the preferences of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers. However, it is crucial to maintain a balance by incorporating other essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals to ensure a complete and balanced diet. The findings from this review can inform strategies and product development initiatives tailored to the needs of bodybuilders and discerning meat enthusiasts.

  • Bone healing under different lay‐up configuration of carbon fiber‐reinforced PEEK composite plates
    • Agnieszka Sabik
    2024 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS

    Secondary healing of fractured bones requires an application of an appropriate fixa-tor. In general, steel or titanium devices are used mostly. However, in recent years,composite structures arise as an attractive alternative due to high strength to weightratio and other advantages like, for example, radiolucency. According to Food andDrug Administration (FDA), the only unidirectionally reinforced composite allowed tobe implanted in human bodies is carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK). In this work, the healing process of long bone assembled withCF/PEEK plates with cross- and angle-ply lay-up configurations is studied in theframework of finite element method. The healing is simulated by making use of themechanoregulation model basing on the Prendergast theory. Cells transformation isdetermined by the octahedral shear strain and interstitial fluid velocity. The processruns iteratively assuming single load cycle each day. The fracture is subjected to axialand transverse forces. In the computations, the Abaqus program is used. It is shownthat the angle-ply lamination scheme of CF/PEEK composite seems to provide betterconditions for the transformation of the soft callus into the bone tissue.

  • Brewery spent grain valorization through fermentation: Targeting biohydrogen, carboxylic acids and methane production
    • Jacobo Pérez-Barragán
    • Cristina Martínez-Fraile
    • Raúl Muñoz
    • Guillermo Quijano
    • Rafael Maya-Yescas
    • Elizabeth León-Becerril
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    • Octavio García-Depraect
    2024 PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

    This study investigated three different fermentation approaches to explore the potential for producing biohydrogen, carboxylic acids, and methane from hydrolysates of thermally dilute acid pretreated brewer's spent grains (BSG). Initially, the research focused on maximizing the volumetric hydrogen production rate (HPR) in the continuous dark fermentation (DF) of BSG hydrolysates by varying the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The highest HPR reported to date of 5.9 NL/L-d was achieved at 6 h HRT, with a Clostridium-dominated microbial community. The effect of the operational pH (4, 5, 6, and 7) on the continuous acidogenic fermentation was then investigated. A peak carboxylic acid concentration of 17.3 g CODequiv./L was recorded at pH 6, with an associated volumetric productivity of 900.5 ± 13.1 mg CODequiv./L-h and a degree of acidification of 68.3 %. Lactic acid bacteria such as Limosilactobacillus and Lactobacillus were dominant at pH 4–5, while Weissella, Enterococcus, and Lachnoclostridium appeared at pH 6 and 7. Finally, this study evaluated the biochemical methane potential of the DF broth and the unfermented hydrolysates and found high methane yields of 659 and 517 NmL CH4/g-VSadded, respectively, both within one week. Overall, the results showed that pretreated BSG can be a low-cost feedstock for the production of bioenergy and valuable bio-based chemicals in a circular economy.

  • Bridging the Gap Between Legitimacy and Neutralisation Strategies in Sustainability Reporting
    • Eljas Johansson
    2024

    Amid global sustainability challenges, such as climate change, companies operating in different industries face increasing demands for accountability and transparency. To meet these demands, sustainability reporting (SR) has become a mainstream business practice in communicating companies’ positive and negative sustainability impacts. This short paper aims to increase our understanding of how companies may release negative information while seeking to maintain their legitimacy. For this purpose, the paper bridges the gap between legitimacy strategies, impression management and neutralisation techniques by reviewing their associated literature. The nature of neutralisation techniques and how organisations use them in the SR context is underexplored by scholars. Finally, the paper presents prospective discussions of an ongoing study that examines negative sustainability disclosure in the tourism transportation context, namely the airlines.

  • Calculation of electron scattering lengths on Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn and Og atoms
    • Paweł Syty
    • Michał Piłat
    • Józef Sienkiewicz
    2024 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS

    Focusing on the noble gases, we calculate the scattering potential using the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian supplemented with a model polarization potential. We determine the scattering lengths using two methods, namely phase shifts for very small scattering energies and the shape of the wave function for zero scattering energy. We compare our theoretical electron scattering length results on Ar, Kr and Xe atoms with existing experimental and theoretical data. In turn, the results obtained for the first time for Rn and Og atoms require independent confirmation. The analysis conducted indicates that the source of the greatest uncertainty in the obtained results is the literature values of dipole polarizability. The study used the GRASP2018 computational package for bound states and the modified COWF code for continuum states.

  • Can we really solve an arch stability problem?
    • Jacek Chróścielewski
    • Victor Eremeev
    2024 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    We bring attention to the problem of solving nonlinear boundary-value problems for elastic structures such as arches and shells. Here we discuss a classical problem of a shear-deformable arch postbuckling. Considering a postbuckling behaviour of a circular arch we discuss the possibility to find numerically a solution for highly nonlinear regimes. The main attention is paid to the problem of determination of all solutions. The main conclusion that there is no guarantee to find all solutions, in general.

  • Carbon dioxide sequestration by industrial wastes through mineral carbonation: Current status and perspectives
    • Xiaodan Lin
    • Yingshuang Zhang
    • Hongwen Liu
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Yijun Cao
    • Chongqing Wang
    2024 JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

    Mineral carbonation using natural minerals or industrial wastes is a safe and promising strategy for CO2 sequestration. Application of industrial wastes for this purpose has significant ecological and environmental value, which is one of the key green technologies in the global carbon mitigation. This review summarizes the current research status of CO2 mineralization by industrial wastes. This work surveys the mechanisms and capacities of CO2 mineralization using different industrial wastes (mainly steel slags, blast furnace slags, coal fly ash, waste gypsum, and red mud), evaluates the influence of carbonation pathways and process parameters on the CO2 sequestration capacity, and analyzes the current industrial application status of CO2 sequestration using industrial wastes. Direct aqueous carbonation and indirect carbonation are the two most studied and promising mineralization routes. The leaching-mineralization cycle process has great potential for industrial application, especially for the treatment of coal fly ash, steel slag and other wastes containing calcium oxide, owing to the stable cycle performance of the absorbers. Researchers pay more attention to CO2 mineralization by steel slag compared to other wastes, and the capacity of CO2 mineralization varies greatly for different wastes. Several reports already reported carbonation effectiveness up to 100%. A CO2 sequestration capacity reached 536 g/kg for steel slag and 361 g/kg of blast furnace slag, revealing superior properties of these materials. CO2 sequestration using industrial wastes benefits CO2 emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of industrial wastes. To overcome the problem of the high energy consumption for regeneration of absorbent, a novel integrated CO2 absorption-mineralization process is currently widely studied. A possibility of co-production of value-added products - like different types of zeolite or lithium orthosilicate based adsorbents was highlighted, improving the economic balance of the overall process. More studies on pilot scale should be performed, to fully confirm the feasibility of developed technologies. Application of these developments is still faced with significant issues, including low carbonation efficiency, poor product quality, high process cost, and insufficient mass and heat transfer.

  • Carburization Behavior of High-Grade Pellets After Direct Reduction in Pure Hydrogen
    • Angelo Perrone
    • Pasquale Cavaliere
    • Behzad Sadeghi
    • Leandro Dijon
    • Aleksandra Mirowska
    • Damian Koszelow
    2024 Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy

    Carburization is a critical aspect in the iron and steel industry as it significantly affects the mechanical and chemical properties of the final product. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the carburization potential of high-grade quality iron ore pellets after direct reduction in pure hydrogen. The results show that the porosity of the pellets has a significant impact on the efficiency and success of the direct reduction process with hydrogen. The reduction process can be completed at a lower temperature in pure hydrogen compared to carbon monoxide, with the iron carbide concentration peaking at temperatures up to 500 °C before decreasing with further temperature increases. The uniform distribution of SiO2, Al2O3, and CaO is critical to the carburizing process and affects the final properties of the steel. An increased degree of metallization and porosity are associated with an improved carburizing tendency. This study highlights the intricate interplay between temperature, carbon sources, and the resulting equilibrium concentration of iron carbides and provides insights into the complex dynamics of this phenomenon.

  • Cascaded Buck Hybrid Interlink Converter for Multiple-Input / Multiple-Output Operation
    • Ahmed Awadelseed
    • Arkadiusz Lewicki
    • Charles Odeh
    • Atif Iqbal
    2024 Pełny tekst

    The provision of isolated- and non-isolated DC output voltages by Power electronics power-conditioning devices in the recent ‘green-energy-revolution’ era is on course. In this paper, a structure for multi-input multi-output(MIMO) DC–DC buck converter is proposed to generate output voltages of varying levels with fewer component-count. The DC output voltage of each of the constituting buck converters can be used independently or cascaded with one another, depending on the output load voltage requirement. The converter operational modes are analysed and its gain models are derived. Also, expressions for the efficiency and power density of the proposed buck converter are presented. Distinct features of proposed converter are: its simplified configuration, high input/output power density, low-cost involvement, reduction of ripple amplitudes of the source currents, and possibility of deploying energy sources with different voltage-current characteristics. High voltage gain, and bidirectional power flow can be achieved in the converter operations. Experimental results on a laboratory prototype of the proposed MIMO validated the presented DC-DC buck converter topological concept

  • Catalysts for advanced oxidation processes: Deep eutectic solvents-assisted synthesis – A review
    • Amir Mohammad Sheikh Asadi
    • Łukasz Cichocki
    • Ali Atamaleki
    • Marjan Hashemi
    • Holger Lutze
    • Muhammad Imran
    • Lingshuai Kong
    • Chongqing Wang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 Pełny tekst Water Resources and Industry

    New catalyst synthesis techniques, including green materials, are extensively studied for heterogeneous photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on spotlight of sustainable development. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) started to be used in this field as environmentally friendly alternative to ionic liquids (ILs). During the catalyst synthesis, DESs can act as stabilizers, capping agents, structure directing agents, templates, hydrolyzing agents, etching agents, intercalators, and latent supramolecular catalysts. Importantly, DESs have exhibited the ability to significantly influence catalyst morphology, functionalization and photocatalytic properties (confirmed both for classic UV lamps and light emitting diode (LED)), including band-gap modification. DESs positive effect was proved for a variety of materials, including metal oxides, metalorganic (MO) complexes and doped materials, MXene (MAX phase etching in DES environment), inorganic-organic hybrids, carbo-catalysts. Substantial enhancements were obtained for modification of photocatalytic materials like TiO2, ZnO, MnO2, iron oxides, ceria oxides, CdS, bismuth based photocatalysts and biochar modification. In this aspect, a particular role of DESs was confirmed for synthesis of nanomaterials in a form of nanoparticles, nanopowders or nanosheets. Effectiveness was further increased by oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, persulfates and Fenton process. Effective application of DES-modified catalysts was confirmed for degradation of dyes (Rhodamine B, Reactive orange 16, Safranine, Orange II, methylene blue), pharmaceuticals and antibiotics (Cefixime, Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Flumequine, Sulfamethaxazole), PFASs (Perfluorooctanoic acid) and Cr(VI). This reveals high potential of DES based photocatalysts for environmental engineering and remediation. There are still remaining a significant gaps in our understanding of the roles and impacts of DESs in AOPs. Furthermore, there is an absence of data regarding the recovery of DESs in the catalyst synthesis processes applied in AOPs. Addressing this aspects is vital for economic and environmentally friendly applications. As research progresses, it is essential to unravel the intricacies of DES-mediated catalyst synthesis and their broader consequences.

  • Catalytic activity of Ni-MgAl2O4 modified with transition metal (Ti, Mo, W) carbides as potential catalysts for resource recovery via dry reforming of waste plastics
    • Ewelina Pawelczyk
    • Izabela Wysocka
    • Tomasz Dymerski
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2024 Pełny tekst CATALYSIS TODAY

    The growing amounts of plastic waste and CO2 emissions are two environmental threats that require urgent attention. Pyrolysis combined with dry reforming (PCDR) is a technology that allows both CO2 utilization and resource recovery from waste plastic. New catalysts for PCDR are crucial for developing efficient and stable processes that can be widely implemented in the industry. In this study, Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts modified using different transition metal (Ti, Mo, W) carbides were investigated in the PCDR of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polystyrene (PS) with emphasis on syngas yield, H2/CO ratio, product distribution, and catalyst deactivation. In addition, the effect of reforming temperature and process pressure was investigated. The catalysts were characterized using H2-TPR, CO2-TPD, N2 physisorption, XRD, TEM, XPS and TGA. The combined characterization and activity tests demonstrated that modification with different metal carbides affects the structure and activity of Ni/MgAl2O4 catalysts in relation to product yields, syngas composition, and catalyst stability. The investigation revealed that modification of nickel catalysts with different transition metal carbides enables manipulation of syngas composition, which is of great importance because different industrial processes require synthesis gas with different H2:CO ratios. Moreover, mixed outcomes were observed when different plastic feedstocks were used in the PCDR, indicating that different metal carbide-modified catalysts may be suitable for the process depending on the feedstock used. Regarding the effectiveness of synthesis gas production and catalyst stability, the most promising catalyst was the Ni-TiC/MgAl2O4 catalyst. According to the obtained results, modification with TiC resulted not only in increased synthesis gas production but also in reduced carbon deposition in PCDR of both LDPE and PS.

  • Catheter-induced coronary artery and aortic dissections. A study of the mechanisms, risk factors, and propagation causes
    • Jacek Klaudel
    • Michał Glaza
    • Barbara Klaudel
    • Wojciech Trenkner
    • Krzysztof Pawłowski
    • Marek Szołkiewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst Cardiology Journal

    Background: Only the incidence, management, and prognosis of catheter-induced coronary artery and aortic dissections have been systematically studied until now. We sought to evaluate their mechanisms, risk factors, and propagation causes. Methods: Electronic databases containing 76,104 procedures and complication registries from 2000– –2020 were searched and relevant cineangiographic studies adjudicated. Results: Ninety-six dissections were identified. The overall incidence was 0.126%, and 0.021% for aortic injuries. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4.2%, and 6.25% for aortic dissections. Compared to the non-complicated population, patients with dissection were more often female (48% vs. 34%, p = 0.004), with a higher prevalence of comorbidities such as hypertension (56% vs. 25%, p < 0.001) or chronic kidney disease (10% vs. 4%, p = 0.002). They more frequently presented with acute myocardial infarction (72% vs. 43%, p < 0.001), underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (85% vs. 39%, p < 0.001), and were examined with a radial approach (77% vs. 65%, p = 0.011). The most prevalent predisposing factor was small ostium diameter and/or atheroma. Deep intubation for support, catheter malalignment, and vessel prodding were the most frequent precipitating factors. Of the three dissec- tion mechanisms, ‘wedged contrast injection’ was the commonest (the exclusive mechanism of aortic dissections). The propagation rate was 30.2% and led to doubling of coronary occlusions and aortic extensions. The most frequent progression triggers were repeat injections and unchanged catheter. In 94% of cases, dissections were inflicted by high-volume operators, with ≥ 5-year experience in 84% of procedures. The annual dissection rate increased over a 21-year timespan. Conclusions: Catheter-induced dissection rarely came unheralded and typically occurred during ur- gent interventions performed in high-risk patients by experienced operators. (Cardiol J) Key words: catheter-induced coronary dissection, iatrogenic aortocoronary dissection, percutaneous coronary intervention complications

  • Celowe zanieczyszczanie pilotów w łączu w górę w interfejsie 5G NR
    • Jarosław Magiera
    • Piotr Rajchowski
    2024 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    Referat poświęcono zagadnieniu zakłócania sygnałów pilotowych w interfejsie radiowym 5G NR. Przedstawiono charakterystykę sygnału referencyjnego DMRS oraz uwarunkowania możliwości jego selektywnego zakłócenia. Opisano schemat transmisji w kanale fizycznym PUSCH, zaimplementowany w oprogramowaniu Sionna. Zaprezen-towano model symulacyjny oraz założenia badań wpływu zanieczyszczenia pilotów na jakość transmisji. Przedsta-wiono wyniki badań w zależności od mocy źródła zakłóce-nia oraz od jego lokalizacji względem stacji bazowej.