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  • Automated hearing loss type classification based on pure tone audiometry data
    • Michał Kassjański
    • Marcin Kulawiak
    • Tomasz Przewoźny
    • Dmitry Tretiakow
    • Jagoda Kuryłowicz
    • Andrzej Molisz
    • Krzysztof Koźmiński
    • Aleksandra Kwaśniewska
    • Paulina Mierzwińska-Dolny
    • Miłosz Grono
    2024 Scientific Reports

    Hearing problems are commonly diagnosed with the use of tonal audiometry, which measures a patient’s hearing threshold in both air and bone conduction at various frequencies. Results of audiometry tests, usually represented graphically in the form of an audiogram, need to be interpreted by a professional audiologist in order to determine the exact type of hearing loss and administer proper treatment. However, the small number of professionals in the field can severely delay proper diagnosis. The presented work proposes a neural network solution for classification of tonal audiometry data. The solution, based on the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory architecture, has been devised and evaluated for classifying audiometry results into four classes, representing normal hearing, conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, and sensorineural hearing loss. The network was trained using 15,046 test results analysed and categorised by professional audiologists. The proposed model achieves 99.33% classification accuracy on datasets outside of training. In clinical application, the model allows general practitioners to independently classify tonal audiometry results for patient referral. In addition, the proposed solution provides audiologists and otolaryngologists with access to an AI decision support system that has the potential to reduce their burden, improve diagnostic accuracy, and minimise human error.

  • Automated measurement method for assessing thermal-dependent electronic characteristics of thin boron-doped diamond-graphene nanowall structures
    • Michał Rycewicz
    • Mariusz Banasiak
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Stephan Kubowicz
    • Simona Baluchová
    • Bogusława Sobczak
    • Elizaveta Vereshchagina
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2024 MEASUREMENT

    This paper investigates the electrical properties of boron-doped diamond-graphene (B:DG) nanostructures, focusing on their semiconductor characteristics. These nanostructures are synthesized on fused silica glass and Si wafer substrates to compare their behaviour on different surfaces. A specialized measurement system, incorporating Python-automated code, was developed for an in-depth analysis of electronic properties under various contact configurations. This approach allowed for a detailed exploration of charge transport mechanisms within the nanostructures. The research highlights a decrease in resistivity with increased deposition time, as shown by Arrhenius plot analysis. This trend is linked to the formation and evolution of multi-wall graphene structures. SEM images showed nanowall structures formed more readily on amorphous fused silica substrates, enabling unrestricted growth. TOF-SIMS analysis revealed uneven boron atom distribution through the film depth. A significant finding is a reduction in conductive activation energy in samples grown in microwave plasma from 197 meV to 87 meV as deposition time increased from 5 to 25 min. Furthermore, the study identifies a shift in transport mechanisms from variable range hopping (VRH) below 170 K to thermally activated (TA) conduction above 200 K. These insights advance our understanding of the electronic behaviours in B:DG nanostructures and underscore their potential in electronic device engineering, opening new paths for future research and technological developments.

  • Automated Parking Management for Urban Efficiency: A Comprehensive Approach
    • Tomasz Ludwisiak
    • Magdalena Mazur-Milecka
    2024

    Effective parking management is essential for ad-dressing the challenges of traffic congestion, city logistics, and air pollution in densely populated urban areas. This paper presents an algorithm designed to optimize parking management within city environments. The proposed system leverages deep learning models to accurately detect and classify street elements and events. Various algorithms, including automatic segmentation of urban landscapes, occupancy detection, and illegal parking violation detection, were developed and tested. To validate the system, cameras were installed facing streets and parking areas, and all algorithms were tested on real-world data. The segmentation network achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.791. The occupancy detection algorithm showed a precision and recall of 0.97 on parking camera data, while the illegal parking violation detection system achieved precision and recall values of 0.971 and 0.958, respectively. This research contributes to smarter, more efficient urban parking solutions, enhancing overall city management.

  • Automatic Correction of Non-Anechoic Antenna Measurements Using Complex Morlet Wavelets
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • Vorya Waladi
    2024 Pełny tekst IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

    Real-world performance of antennas is normally tested in anechoic chambers (ACs). Alternatively, experimental validation can be performed in non-anechoic environments and refined in the course of post-processing. Unfortunately, the existing methods are difficult to setup and prone to failure. In this letter, a wavelet-based framework for correction of non-anechoic antenna measurements has been proposed. The method involves automatic centering and adjusting of the wavelet w.r.t. a fraction of the signal that corresponds to line-of-sight transmission within the system under test. Performance of the method has been verified a using two compact antennas and a total of 15 experiments. Benchmarks against the state-of-the-art approaches have also been performed.

  • Autonomous port management based AGV path planning and optimization via an ensemble reinforcement learning framework
    • Xinqiang Chen
    • Shuhao Liu
    • Jiansen Zhao
    • Huafeng Wu
    • Jiangfeng Xian
    • Jakub Montewka
    2024 OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT

    The rapid development of shipping trade pushes automated container terminals toward the direction of intelligence, safety and efficiency. In particular, the formulation of AGV scheduling tasks and the safety and stability of transportation path is an important part of port operation and management, and it is one of the basic tasks to build an intelligent port. Existing research mainly focuses on collaborative operation between port equipment and path optimization under environmental perception, while there is relatively little research on optimization of path smoothness and safety. Therefore, we propose a path optimization model based on the artificial potential field and twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (APF-TD3) framework for the port environment. Firstly, we obtain the scheduling task plan of a single AGV by enumeration. Secondly, according to the artificial potential field (APF) algorithm to generate repulsion for obstacles in the harbor and attraction for container storage at the target point with the position information of the AGV as the input data of the reinforcement learning algorithm is inputted into the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm (TD3). Then TD3 selects the optimal action strategy for the AGV according to the input AGV state information and the designed reward mechanism as well as executes the action. Through repeated execution, the optimal action for the next step is selected at each point to generate a path with start and end points. We validate the model by simulating the scale of containerized cargo in the port i.e. small scale, medium scale and large scale scenes. The experimental results show that the method has the shortest path length of 27.519 m, 270.847 m, and 496.389 m compared to artificial potential field and deep deterministic policy gradient (APF-DDPG), APF, and rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithms, which also have significant advantages in terms of path security and path smoothness. This framework could respond to the scheduling and transportation tasks of single AGV in different environmental layouts and guarantee the smoothness and safety of the path based on the optimization of the path, which promotes the efficient operation and management of ports.

  • Availability of UAV Fleet Evaluation Based on Multi-State System
    • Elena Zaitseva
    • Vitaly Levashenko
    • Vladimir Mysko
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Darkhan Zhaxybayev
    2024 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications are extended extremely. Some applications need to use several UAVs for a general mission which can be considered a UAV fleet. One of the important characteristics for the evaluation of a UAV or UAV fleet is reliability. There are studies in which methods for analysis of their reliability are considered. Reliability analysis of UAV fleets is less frequently studied, although a single UAV cannot be performed in many applications and requires the involvement of multiple UAVs. Typically, this analysis is based on evaluating two states as operational/functioning and faulting. This paper proposes a new method to calculate the availability of a UAV fleet as one of the reliability characteristics. Unlike well-known UAV fleet analysis approaches, in this paper, the availability is studied based on a mathematical model of a Multi-State System (MSS). MSS allows us to examine more than two states (operational and faulty) of the system, so this analysis is more detailed. In this paper, based on MSS, the analysis of various topologies of UAV fleets is implemented. This mathematical model is used for the analysis and evaluation of topologies of homogeneous and heterogeneous UAV fleets, which can be irredundant or redundant hot stable systems. The interpretations of different topologies of fleets as typical structures of MSS (series, parallel, k-out-of-n) are considered. New mathematical definitions of the availability of UAV fleets of different topologies based on MSS structure function are proposed. These definitions allowed us to consider the influence of the number of UAVs on the UAV fleet availability and compare the availabilities of considered topologies of fleets.

  • Awaria betonowej posadzki przemysłowej w następstwie błędów projektowych i wykonawczych
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2024

    W artykule przedstawiono opis uszkodzeń betonowej posadzki przemysłowej która z pominięciem zasad wiedzy technicznej została niepoprawnie zaprojektowana, a następnie błędnie wykonana. Bezpośrednio po zakończeniu realizacji, przedmiotowa posadzka wykazywała rozległe usterki i uszkodzenia, które praktycznie od momentu zakończenia robót uniemożliwiały rozpoczęcie eksploatacji hali magazynowej zlokalizowanej na terenie zakładu produkcyjnego. W pracy przedstawiono zaproponowany sposób naprawy i zakres robót remontowych.

  • BACTERIAL INACTIVATION VIA LASER-DRIVEN GOLD NANOPARTICLE HEATING: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Aimad Koulali
    • Piotr Radomski
    • Daniela De Biase
    • Federica Zaccagnini
    • Jacek Zieliński
    • Michał Pikuła
    • Kwang-un Jeong
    • Francesca Petronella
    • Luciano De Sio
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst

    This study utilizes CFD technique to simulate the inactivation of E. coli bacteria within a microfluidic chamber, employing gold nanoparticles irradiated by a laser beam. Employing a single-phase model, the presence of bacteria is considered by treating thermal properties in the governing equations as effective, combining those of water and bacteria using established correlations from scientific literature. The conversion of light into heat is modeled with parameters derived from scientific literature, featuring a defined source term quantifying the converted light into heat. Introducing a User Defined Scalar (UDS) employing a first-order kinetic model described by the Arrhenius equation for the decay coefficient captures the bacteria's response to irradiation. A dedicated User Defined Function (UDF) is developed to implement this model, allowing the simulation to account for the reduction in bacterial concentration over time. The results uncover intricate dynamics in bacterial response to laser-induced thermal effects, showcasing the potential for effective bacterial control. Furthermore, the model is rigorously validated against experimental data, affirming its accuracy and robustness in reproducing real-world thermal effects.

  • Badania wpływu wybranych czynników na funkcjonowanie przejść dla pieszych w miastach
    • Lucyna Gumińska
    2024 Pełny tekst

    W rozprawie doktorskiej poświęcono uwagę funkcjonowaniu przejść dla pieszych w warunkach miejskich, zwracając szczególną uwagę na zależność fundamentalną pomiędzy podstawowymi parametrami potoku pieszych oraz sposób jej wykorzystania w procesie wyboru rodzaju przejścia. Głównym celem pracy jest identyfikacja istotnych czynników wpływających na funkcjonowanie przejść dla pieszych oraz opracowanie modeli matematycznych zależności między podstawowymi parametrami ruchu, na przejściach dla pieszych w obszarze miejskim. Sformułowano także trzy cele naukowe i trzy cele praktyczne. Do realizacji tych celów wykonano serię badań ankietowych, terenowych i symulacyjnych oraz prac obliczeniowo-analitycznych. Na podstawie zebranych danych, ustalono podstawowe parametry fundamentalnej zależności między parametrami ruchu pieszych (QP-VP-DP). Korzystając z modelu tej zależności, określono wpływ wybranych czynników na funkcjonowanie przejść dla pieszych. Ponadto ustalono zależność pomiędzy natężeniem ruchu pieszego i natężeniem ruchu kołowego na przepustowość i straty czasu pieszych i pojazdów w obszarze przejść dla pieszych. Implementację wyników przeprowadzonych prac przedstawiono w postaci koncepcji wielokryterialnej metody wyboru rodzaju przejścia dla pieszych, która w swoich założeniach uwzględnia wyniki z przeprowadzonych badań oraz wskazuje kierunki dalszych prac badawczych i rozwojowych umożliwiających rozwinięcie metody oraz rekomendacje dotyczące jej wdrożenia.

  • Badanie dynamiki platform pływających morskich turbin wiatrowych z zastosowaniem metod numerycznej mechaniki płynów
    • Ewelina Ciba
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Praca dotyczy badania ruchu platform pływających pod morskie turbiny wiatrowe. Przedstawiono w niej główne metody obliczeń i przedyskutowano ich zastosowanie. Na przykładzie koncepcji konstrukcji 3-kolumnowej platformy typu Spar przedstawiono metodykę wykonywania obliczeń z zastosowaniem programu AQWA opartego na metodzie dyfrakcyjnej, rozszerzonego o współczynniki wynikające z lepkości wyznaczone za pomocą obliczeń RANSE-CFD. Wyznaczono współczynniki hydromechaniczne dla konstrukcji w wersji podstawowej oraz z dodatkową płytą tłumiącą. Przestawiono dwie metody obliczania współczynników: testy oscylacji swobodnych oraz oscylacji wymuszonych. Wykonano obliczenia w programie AQWA rozszerzonym o wpływ lepkości za pomocą dodatkowej macierzy współczynników tłumienia liniowego oraz z wykorzystaniem dodatkowego współczynnika oporu Morisona stwierdzając, że druga metoda jest lepsza. Skuteczność metody potwierdzono wynikami badań modelowych. Wykonano ponadto szczegółowe analizy zastosowania dodatkowego elementu tłumiącego w postaci płyty tłumiącej pełnej lub płyty z otworami. Opisano wpływ zastosowania każdego z poszczególnych rozwiązań na wartości współczynników hydrodynamicznych konstrukcji. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników wyciągnięto praktyczne wnioski użyteczne do projektowania konstrukcji wsporczych pod morskie turbiny wiatrowe.

  • Badanie skuteczności ochrony katodowej Ostrogi Pilotowej w Porcie Gdynia
    • Krzysztof Żakowski
    • Juliusz Orlikowski
    2024

    Przedmiotem ekspertyzy jest ocena skuteczności ochrony katodowej palościanki Ostrogi Pilotowej w Porcie Wojennym w Gdyni Oksywiu, po pogłębieniu Kanału Portowego i zamontowaniu dodatkowych anod galwanicznych.

  • Badanie wybranych właściwości wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Hanan Tariq
    • Kornel Borowski
    2024 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    W instalacjach elektrycznych niskiego napięcia instaluje się coraz więcej przekształtników energoelektronicznych (systemy fotowoltaiczne, instalacje ładowania pojazdów elektrycznych, układy napędowe o regulowanej prędkości obrotowej silnika), a mają one wpływ na dobór typu wyzwalania wyłączników różnicowoprądowych (AC, A, F lub B). W obwodach, w których pojawia się prąd różnicowy zawierający składowe o częstotliwości innej niż 50 Hz, może być konieczne zastosowanie wyłącznika różnicowoprądowego typu F. W artykule omówiono wyniki badań progu zadziałania tego typu wyłączników różnicowoprądowych przy prądach różnicowych o częstotliwościach innych niż 50 Hz. Przedstawiono również reakcję wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F na pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej wykonany dwoma miernikami różniącymi się czasem przepływu prądu pomiarowego. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, jaki należy dobrać miernik, aby nie następowało zbędne wyzwalanie wyłączników różnicowoprądowych typu F podczas tego pomiaru.

  • BADNIA WYTRZYMAŁOŚCI HISTORYCZNYCH MURÓW CEGLANYCH
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    • Tomasz Majewski
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Treść niniejszego artykułu dotyczy badań historycznych murów ceglanych i swoim zakresem obejmuje zarówno badania polowe, jak również eksperymenty laboratoryjne. Zakres artykułu dotyczy badań wytrzymałościowych zabytkowych murów ceglanych, rozumianych jako badania wytrzymałości na ściskanie.

  • Balistyka Dla Snajperów
    • Jerzy Ejsmont
    2024

    Książka stanowi poradnik dla snajperów zawierający informacje na temat balistyki wewnętrznej, zewnętrznej i końcowej pocisków karabinowych. Omówione są również celowniki optyczne, noktowizyjne i termowizyjne.

  • BASECOL2023 scientific content
    • M. L. Dubernet
    • C. Boursier
    • O. Denis-Alpizar
    • Y.a. Ba
    • N. Moreau
    • C. M. Zwölf
    • M.a. Amor
    • D. Babikov
    • N. Balakrishnan
    • C. Balança
    • M. Ben Khalifa
    • A. Bergeat
    • C.t. Bop
    • L. Cabrera-González
    • C. Cárdenas
    • A. Chefai
    • P. J. Dagdigian
    • F. Dayou
    • S. Demes
    • B. Desrousseaux
    • F. Dumouchel
    • A. Faure
    • R. C. Forrey
    • Jan Franz
    • R. M. García-Vázquez
    • Francesco Antonio Gianturco
    • A. Palluet Godard
    • Lola González-Sánchez
    • G. C. Groenenboom
    • P. Halvick
    • K. Hammami
    • F. Khadri
    • Y. Kalugina
    • I. Kleiner
    • Jacek Kłos
    • F. Lique
    • J. Loreau
    • B. Mandal
    • Barry P. Mant
    • S. Marinakis
    • D. Ndaw
    • P. Jankowiak Pirlot
    • T. Price
    • E. Quintas-Sánchez
    • R. Ramachandran
    • E. Sahnoun
    • C. Santander
    • P. C. Stancil
    • T Stoecklin
    • Jonathan Tennyson
    • F. Tonolo
    • R. Urzúa-Leiva
    • B. Yang
    • E. Yurtsever
    • M. Żóltowski
    2024 Pełny tekst ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

    Context. The global context of making numerous data produced by researchers available requires collecting and organising the data, assigning meaningful metadata, and presenting the data in a meaningful and homogeneous way. The BASECOL database, which collects inelastic rate coefficients for application to the interstellar medium and to circumstellar and cometary atmospheres, meets those requirements. Aims. We aim to present the scientific content of the BASECOL2023 edition. Methods. While the previous versions relied on finding rate coefficients in the literature, the current version is populated with published results sent by the producers of data. The paper presents the database, the type of data that can be found, the type of metadata that are used, and the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) standards that are used for the metadata. Finally, we present the different datasets species by species. Results. As the BASECOL database, interconnected with the VAMDC e-infrastructure, uses the VAMDC standards, the collisional data can be extracted with tools using VAMDC standards and can be associated with spectroscopic data extracted from other VAMDC connected databases such as the Cologne database for molecular spectroscopy (CDMS), the jet propulsion laboratory molecular spectroscopy database (JPL), and the high-resolution transmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN).

  • Beam Steerable MIMO Antenna Based on Conformal Passive Reflectarray Metasurface for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications
    • Bilal Malik
    • Shahid Khan
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2024 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    A conformal reflectarray fed by a dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is proposed for low-cost beam steering applications in 5G Millimeter-wave frequency bands. The beam steering is accomplished by selecting a specific port in the MIMO antenna. Each MIMO port is associated with a beam that points in a different direction due to a conformal reflectarray. This novel reflectarray antenna design has the advantages of higher gain, lower cost, a simpler feeding source, and a lower profile when compared to traditional reflectarrays using bulky horn antennas and phased arrays with complex feeding networks and phase shifters for beam steering. The proposed beam steering antenna consists of a compact five-element dual-band MIMO and a 32 × 32 unit-cell conformal dual-band reflect-array placed at the top of the MIMO antenna to obtain the beam steering capability as well as gain enhancement. The reflectarray has a stable response under oblique incidence angles of up to 600 at 24 and 38 GHz and its symmetric, single-layer structure ensures polarization insensitivity and stable response in conformal conditions. The MIMO antenna design is not only compact but also offers a wideband response and effectively covering the desired 5G mm-wave frequency bands. The overall size of the MIMO antenna alone is 70 × 12 mm2 with a maximum gain of 5.4 and 7.2 dB. It is further improved up to 13.1 and 14.2 dB at 24 and 38 GHz respectively, with a beam steering range of ±400 by using a conformal reflectarray. Unlike the existing beam steering strategies, the suggested method is not only cost-effective but also increases the overall directivity and gain of the source MIMO antenna. The measured results agree with the simulated results, making it a potential candidate in the 5G and beyond beam steering applications.

  • Bearing capacity of monotonically installed tapered piles in medium dense Fontainebleau sand
    • Lech Bałachowski
    • Worku Firomsa Kabeta
    • Jakub Konkol
    • Luc Thorel
    • Matthieu Blanc
    • Thierry Dubreucq
    2024 Pełny tekst

    A series of installation of tapered piles in medium-dense Fontainebleau sand were performed in the geotechnical centrifuge at Gustave Eiffel University. The models of piles with three different shapes - straight profile (S), and with taper angle of 0.70 degrees (T1), and 1.4 degrees (T2) were used. The piles were instrumented with fiber optic wires on the shaft and load cell at the base. After monotonic installation, the models were subjected to static load tests in compression and then in tension. The lowest head load at the end of installation was found for the T2 pile. While the average shaft friction mobilized during penetration of the S pile was almost constant, a considerable increase of friction resistance during installation was observed for T1 and T2 piles. At the end of the installation, the maximum average shaft friction was about 4.5 and 7 times higher as compared to the straight pile for the T1 and T2 models, respectively. These values slightly increase during the static compression test. The ratio of the maximum average shaft friction in tension and compression is close to 1 for the cylindrical pile and decreases to about 0.5 and 0.2 for T1 and T2, respectively.

  • Beeswax And Palmitic Acid Utilization With Heat Pipes For Electronics Cooling
    • Paweł Szymański
    • Radosław Paluch
    2024 ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS

    This paper presents an experimental study of heat pipes supported by phase change materials (PCMs) coated at their adiabatic sections in application for electronics cooling. The PCMs investigated in this research were palmitic acid and beeswax, the latter being considered as a more cost-effective alternative. The study focused on three powers: 20W, 25W, and 30W. The experimental results revealed that the incorporation of palmitic acid as a PCM led to a reduction in component’s maximum temperature by 13.3%, 12.6%, and 11.8% for the respective powers. Utilization of beeswax resulted in temperature reductions of 5%, 5.2%, and 8.4%. Notably, for higher heat flux conditions, the influence of beeswax on temperature control was comparable to that of palmitic acid. Furthermore, beeswax demonstrated a significantly higher capability to mitigate temperature decrease during cooldown, serving as a superior measure against overcooling. Moreover, during the thermal cycling scenario considered in this study, beeswax reduced the peak-valley temperature by 25%, while palmitic acid achieved a reduction of 14.6%. These findings suggest that beeswax has the potential to serve as an alternative to traditional organic PCMs in electronics cooling applications that utilize heat pipes.

  • Bell-Type Inequalities from the Perspective of Non-Newtonian Calculus
    • Michał Piotr Piłat
    2024 Pełny tekst Foundations of Science

    A class of quantum probabilities is reformulated in terms of non-Newtonian calculus and projective arithmetic. The model generalizes spin-1/2 singlet state probabilities discussed in Czachor (Acta Physica Polonica:139 70–83, 2021) to arbitrary spins s. For s → ∞ the formalism reduces to ordinary arithmetic and calculus. Accordingly, the limit “non-Newtonian to Newtonian” becomes analogous to the classical limit of a quantum theory

  • Beyond Traditional Learning: The LLM Revolution in BPM Education at University
    • Marzena Grzesiak
    • Krzysztof Kluza
    • Natalia R. Potoczek
    • Leszek Szała
    2024

    Large Language Models (LLMs) significantly impact higher education, requiring changes in educational processes, especially in Business Process Management (BPM) practical exercises. The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of LLMs in BPM education to determine if LLMs can supplement educators. The study involved 33 master’s degree students. Students’ works were manually evaluated and compared to LLM-generated responses. Results highlight the effectiveness and limitations of LLMs in supporting BPM education, revealing discrepancies between human and AI assessments. Our findings indicate that LLMs like ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4o can aid BPM education, but their performance and reliability differ from traditional human grading. The findings underscore LLMs’ potential to offer additional perspectives and reduce educators’ workload. However, LLMs should be supplementary tools, not replacements for traditional methods. This exploration contributes to understanding the transformative role of LLMs in reshaping educational methodologies. Future research should consider larger samples and a broader range of tasks to validate and extend these findings.

  • Bibliometric analysis of artificial intelligence in wastewater treatment: Current status, research progress, and future prospects
    • Xingyang Li
    • Jiming Su
    • Hui Wang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Jürgen Mahlknecht
    • Shiva Singh
    • Chongqing Wang
    2024 Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

    Wastewater treatment is an important topic for improving water quality and environmental protection, and artificial intelligence has become a powerful tool for wastewater treatment. This work provides research progress and a literature review of artificial intelligence applied to wastewater treatment based on the visualization of bibliometric tools. A total of 3460 publications from 2000 to 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. The literature was analyzed from various aspects such as publications, journals, and authors. There are collaboration relationships among various countries, institutes, and authors. Keywords were analyzed in three directions “artificial intelligence”, “wastewater treatment technology”, and “pollutant types”. Hot keywords were identified, including “support vector machine”, “random forests”, “membrane bioreactor”, “photocatalytic degradation”, and “antibiotics”. Significant advancements were obtained in intelligent water quality monitoring, innovative material development, and energy cost optimization. Machine learning algorithms, such as Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory, demonstrated remarkable capabilities in predicting process parameters, enhancing material performance, and optimizing energy utilization in wastewater treatment plants. Artificial intelligence applied to wastewater treatment is still in its primary stage, and with the rapid development of artificial intelligence, significant technical innovation in wastewater treatment can be anticipated in the near future.

  • Bi-GRU-APSO: Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit with Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Sales Forecasting in Multi-Channel Retail
    • Aruna Mogarala Guruvaya
    • Archana Kollu
    • Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    • Hirald Dwaraka Praveena
    2024 Telecom

    In the present scenario, retail sales forecasting has a great significance in E-commerce companies. The precise retail sales forecasting enhances the business decision making, storage management, and product sales. Inaccurate retail sales forecasting can decrease customer satisfaction, inventory shortages, product backlog, and unsatisfied customer demands. In order to obtain a better retail sales forecasting, deep learning models are preferred. In this manuscript, an effective Bi-GRU is proposed for accurate sales forecasting related to E-commerce companies. Initially, retail sales data are acquired from two benchmark online datasets: Rossmann dataset and Walmart dataset. From the acquired datasets, the unreliable samples are eliminated by interpolating missing data, outlier’s removal, normalization, and de-normalization. Then, feature engineering is carried out by implementing the Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (APSO) algorithm, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) technique, and Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) technique. Followed by that, the optimized active features from feature engineering are given to the Bi-Directional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU) model for precise retail sales forecasting. From the result analysis, it is seen that the proposed Bi-GRU model achieves higher results in terms of an R2 value of 0.98 and 0.99, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.05 and 0.07, and a Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.04 and 0.03 on the Rossmann and Walmart datasets. The proposed method supports the retail sales forecasting by achieving superior results over the conventional models.

  • Bile conjugation and its effect on in vitro lipolysis of emulsions
    • Natalia Łozińska
    • Julia Maldonado-Valderrama
    • Teresa Del Castillo Santaella
    • Yanija Zhou
    • Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
    • Yuanqi Lu
    • Christian Jungnickel
    2024 FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL

    Bile Salts (BS) are responsible for stimulating lipid digestion in our organism. Gut microbiota are responsible for the deconjugation process of primary conjugated to secondary unconjugated BS. We use two structurally distinct BS and characterize the rate of lipolysis as a compound parameter. A static in-vitro digestion model as well as meta-analysis of literature data has been performed to determine the most influential factors affecting the lipid digestion process. The results demonstrate that lipolysis of emulsions using conjugated BS (NaTC, FFA = 60.0 %, CMC in SIF = 5.58 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.21, rate of adsorption = -0.057 mN/m.s) enhances the release of FFA compared to deconjugated BS (NaDC, FFA = 49.5 %, CMC in SIF = 2.49 mM, MSR of linoleic acid = 0.16 rate of adsorption = -0.064 mN/m.s). These results indicate that conjugation plays an important role in controlling the rate of lipolysis in our organism which can be in turn, tuned by the microflora composition of our gut, ultimately controlling the rate of deconjugation of the BS.

  • Bimodal deep learning model for subjectively enhanced emotion classification in films
    • Dawid Weber
    • Bożena Kostek
    2024 INFORMATION SCIENCES

    This research delves into the concept of color grading in film, focusing on how color influences the emotional response of the audience. The study commenced by recalling state-of-the-art works that process audio-video signals and associated emotions by machine learning. Then, assumptions of subjective tests for refining and validating an emotion model for assigning specific emotional labels to selected film excerpts were presented. The insights gained from these subjective evaluations facilitated the creation of a comprehensive database of movie excerpts. This database was subsequently employed to both train and evaluate the efficacy of deep learning models. The latter half of the study shifts focus to the intelligent analysis of audio and video signals that form film excerpts. This involved exploring diverse methodologies for parameterizing these signals. Models that demonstrated the highest accuracy on the test dataset on audio/video only were amalgamated to forge a bimodal model, which integrates both audio and video signals for emotion classification. The bimodal model exhibited superior accuracy in tests compared to a model that solely relied on video signal classification. This enhancement in performance was achieved with only a marginal increase in the complexity and the number of parameters within the model.

  • Bioactivation of Konjac Glucomannan Films by Tannic Acid and Gluconolactone Addition
    • Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska
    • Lidia Zasada
    • Ugo D’Amora
    • Anna Pałubicka
    • Anna Michno
    • Anna Ronowska
    • Marcin Wekwejt
    2024 ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Wound healing is a dynamic process that requires an optimal extracellular environment, as well as an accurate synchronization between various cell types. Over the past few years, great efforts have been devoted to developing novel approaches for treating and managing burn injuries, sepsis, and chronic or accidental skin injuries. Multifunctional smart-polymer-based dressings represent a promising approach to support natural healing and address several problems plaguing partially healed injuries, including severe inflammation, scarring, and wound infection. Naturally derived compounds offer unique advantages such as minimal toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and outstanding biocompatibility along with potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Herein, the main driving idea of the work was the design and development of konjac glucomannan d-glucono-1,5-lactone (KG) films bioactivated by tannic acid and d-glucono-1,5-lactone (GL) addition. Our analysis, using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared, atomic force microscopy, and surface energy measurements demonstrated that tannic acid (TA) clearly interacted with the KG matrix, acting as its cross-linker, whereas GL was embedded within the polymer structure. All developed films maintained a moist environment, which represents a pivotal property for wound dressing. Hemocompatibility experiments showed that all tested films exhibited no hemolytic impact on human erythrocytes. Moreover, the presence of TA and GL enhanced the metabolic and energetic activity in human dermal fibroblasts, as indicated by the MTT assay, showing results exceeding 150%. Finally, all films demonstrated high antibacterial properties as they significantly reduced the multiplication rate of both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in bacterial broth and created the inhibition zones for S. aureus in agar plates. These remarkable outcomes make the KG/TA/GL film promising candidates for wound healing applications.

  • Bioactive and biodegradable cotton fabrics produced via synergic effect of plant extracts and essential oils in chitosan coating system
    • Bolesław Szadkowski
    • Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska
    • Anna Marzec
    2024 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Functional antibacterial textile materials are in great demand in the medical sector. In this paper, we propose a facile, eco-friendly approach to the design of antibacterial biodegradable cotton fabrics. Cotton fiber fabrics were enhanced with a chitosan coating loaded with plant extracts and essential oils. We employed Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis spectrophotometry, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to characterize the color, structure, and thermal properties of the modified fabrics. The fabrics were found to effectively induce growth inhibition of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially when a synergic system of aloe vera extract and cinnamon essential oil was applied in the coating formulation. Additionally, we observed significant color and weight changes after 5, 10, and 20 days in soil biodegradability tests. Given the straightforward modification process and the use of non-toxic natural materials, these innovative bio-based and biodegradable cotton fabrics show great promise as protective antimicrobial textiles for healthcare applications.

  • Biobased Ultralow-Density Polyurethane Foams with Enhanced Recyclability
    • Olga Gotkiewicz
    • Mikelis Kirpluks
    • Zuzanna Walterova
    • Olga Kockova
    • Sabina Abbrent
    • Paulina Parcheta-Szwindowska
    • Ugis Cabulis
    • Hynek Benes
    2024 Pełny tekst ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

    Polyurethane (PUR) foams are widely used in many engineering applications, but their efficient recycling has remained a major challenge for many years. This study presents a novel strategy of incorporating hydrolyzable ester units into the PUR structure to enhance PUR foam recyclability. The present ecodesign concept of PUR materials enables fully the replacement of petrochemical polyols with biobased alternatives and production of ultralow-density (16 kg·m−3) PUR foams. To each this target, a series of low-function polyols based on succinic acid (SA) were first synthesized. Their subsequent use in combination with a highfunctional biobased tall oil-derived polyol led to the production of highly homogenous semirigid, partly open-cell PUR foams with outstanding structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. Additionally, the study shows that the incorporation of SA-polyols with hydrolyzable ester linkages into the PUR foams significantly enhances their recyclability via glycolysis, proving their potential in contributing to a circular economy and addressing plastic waste concerns.

  • Biocatalytic Functionalities of Lignin Peroxidase-Based Systems in Lignin Depolymerization and Pollutants Removal from Environmental Matrices
    • Anil Kumar Singh
    • Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
    • Jens Ejbye Schmidt
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Muhammad Bilal
    2024 Pełny tekst Current Pollution Reports

    Purpose of Review In the presented review, we have summarized and highlighted recent developments in the use of lignin peroxidase (LiP) to remove a variety of pollutants from water matrices. The high redox potential of LiP is underlined by its excellent catalytic functionalities in the elimination of pharmaceuticals, phenolics, dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and other miscellaneous pollutants. LiP-based computational frameworks for theoretical bioremediation of multiple pollutants have also been discussed, which have prompted a rise in scientific interest. Recent Findings According to current studies, both free and immobilized LiPs are biocatalysts capable of efficient pollutant degradation and LMW transformation. Some immobilized LiP preparations demonstrated excellent recyclability, enabling its reusability in multiple catalytic cycles. Additionally, computational degradability makes it easier to comprehend the mechanisms underlying the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants. Summary The capacity of LiP to cleave C–C and C–O–C bonds has led to its widespread application as a biocatalyst. Its outstanding potential to catalyze oxidative cleavage has been effectively used in the remediation of pollutants without needing mediators. Nevertheless, we brought attention to the current LiP system in pollutants remediation and computational framework, which has generated a significant rise in scientific interest.

  • Biocementacja – ekologiczna alternatywa dla stabilizacji gruntów.
    • Artur Tadeusz Ciechanowicz
    • Witold Tisler
    • Katarzyna Jankowska
    2024 Pełny tekst Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika

    Przedstawienie badań wytrzymałości na ścinanie dla gruntu niespoistego stabilizowanego bio-cementacją bakteryjną. Omówienie charakterystyki drobnoustrojów wraz z podziałem badań na dwie części: mikrobiologiczną oraz geotechniczną. Potwierdzenie możliwości wykorzystania cementacji bakteryjnej jako alternatywnej metody stabilizacji podłoża gruntowego.

  • Biodiversity of microorganisms in the Baltic Sea: the power of novel methods in the identification of marine microbes
    • Beata Krawczyk
    • Aneta Łuczkiewicz
    • Katarzyna Jankowska
    2024 FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS

    Until recently, the data on the diversity of the entire microbial community from the Baltic Sea were relatively rare and very scarce. However, modern molecular methods have provided new insights into this field with interesting results. They can be summarized as follows. (i) Although low salinity causes a reduction in the biodiversity of multicellular species relative to the populations of the North–East Atlantic, no such reduction occurs in bacterial diversity. (ii) Among cyanobacteria, the picocyanobacterial group dominates when considering gene abundance, while filamentous cyanobacteria dominate in means of biomass. (iii) The diversity of diatoms and dinoflagellates is significantly larger than described a few decades ago; however, molecular studies on these groups are still scarce. (iv) Knowledge gaps in other protistan communities are evident. (v) Salinity is the main limiting parameter of pelagic fungal community composition, while the benthic fungal diversity is shaped by water depth, salinity, and sediment C and N availability. (vi) Bacteriophages are the predominant group of viruses, while among viruses infecting eukaryotic hosts, Phycodnaviridae are the most abundant; the Baltic Sea virome is contaminated with viruses originating from urban and/or industrial habitats. These features make the Baltic Sea microbiome specific and unique among other marine environments.

  • Biological and antibacterial properties of chitosan-based coatings with AgNPs and CuNPs obtained on oxidized Ti13Zr13Nb titanium alloy
    • Michał Bartmański
    • Anna Ronowska
    • Szymon Mania
    • Adrianna Banach-Kopeć
    • Justyna Kozłowska
    2024 MATERIALS LETTERS

    Despite numerous studies, the antibacterial efficiency and cytotoxicity of chitosan-based coatings with nanometals need further studies. The purpose of this research was to determine the biological properties of chitosan coatings implemented with either silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) or copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), that were electrophoretically deposited on electrochemically oxidized Ti13Zr13Nb alloy. The SEM tests were used to examine the surface uniformity. The biological tests against human osteoblast cells hFOB 1.19 and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria were performed. The release of Cu2+ from coating dependent on the pH of medium. The highest was at pH 3.0 and it achieved 47.73 mg/ml. No cytotoxic effects of the chitosan-AgNPs coatings were observed in direct and indirect contact studies, as there was 20 % inhibition of cell growth but no LDH release which indicate the cell breakdown. Antibacterial properties were proven for all modifications, but this effect was stronger for coatings with implemented AgNPs (log degree of bacteria number reduction >3.75 for E. coli and S. aureus).

  • Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
    • Zohaib Saddique
    • Muhammad Imran
    • Ayesha Javaid
    • Farah Kanwal
    • Shoomaila Latif
    • José Eudes L. Santos
    • Tak H. Kim
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    The rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore. There is an urgent need to develop alternative greener energy sources that are sustainable and have minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is one such alternative energy source of attention. Harvesting sunlight through the use of solar panels is already being employed at domestic and commercial levels. Photocatalytic water splitting, which aims to produce hydrogen by utilizing unlimited sources including water and sunlight, is another potential process for alternative energy production. The conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen through sunlight is an innovative process that directly converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen via photocatalytic water splitting. Numerous photocatalytic materials are available for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but bismuth-based materials are the most suitable as they are non-toxic, economical, opto-electronically active, have suitable band positions for photocatalysis, and exhibit excellent photo-stability. To provide summary of latest research in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, a comprehensive review is favorable to suggest future research directions aimed at discovering solutions to current challenges. This review emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources and the competitiveness of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. The mechanism and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic water splitting have been discussed, along with the properties of an ideal photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a special focus on the bismuth-based photocatalysts. The optimization of synthetic and photocatalytic processes is crucial for commercial use with much improved hydrogen production in terms of cost and quantity without harming environment at any stage. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives have been presented for upcoming research in this domain.

  • Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
    • Zohaib Saddique
    • Muhammad Imran
    • Ayesha Javaid
    • Farah Kanwal
    • Shoomaila Latif
    • José Eudes L. Santos
    • Tak H. Kim
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    The rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative impacts on the environment. Therefore. There is an urgent need to develop alternative greener energy sources that are sustainable and have minimal environmental impacts. Hydrogen is one such alternative energy source of attention. Harvesting sunlight through the use of solar panels is already being employed at domestic and commercial levels. Photocatalytic water splitting, which aims to produce hydrogen by utilizing unlimited sources including water and sunlight, is another potential process for alternative energy production. The conversion of water into hydrogen and oxygen through sunlight is an innovative process that directly converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen and oxygen via photocatalytic water splitting. Numerous photocatalytic materials are available for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but bismuth-based materials are the most suitable as they are non-toxic, economical, opto-electronically active, have suitable band positions for photocatalysis, and exhibit excellent photo-stability. To provide summary of latest research in the field of photocatalytic water splitting, a comprehensive review is favorable to suggest future research directions aimed at discovering solutions to current challenges. This review emphasizes the need for alternative energy sources and the competitiveness of photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. The mechanism and thermodynamics of the photocatalytic water splitting have been discussed, along with the properties of an ideal photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen production with a special focus on the bismuth-based photocatalysts. The optimization of synthetic and photocatalytic processes is crucial for commercial use with much improved hydrogen production in terms of cost and quantity without harming environment at any stage. Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives have been presented for upcoming research in this domain.

  • Bisphenol A analogues and metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Joanna Majewska
    • Andrzej Berg
    • Joanna Jurewicz
    • Katarzyna Owczarek
    • Radosław Zajdel
    • Anna Kilanowicz
    • Andrzej Wasik
    • Dominik Rachoń
    2024 Pełny tekst REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY

    Bisphenols (BPs) have become a chemical group of special interest due to their ability to interfere with the endocrine system and their ubiquitous presence in the environment. As some of them possess mild estrogenic and anti-androgenic effects, they might be associated with the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Acting on multiple tissues, BPs exposure may lead to metabolic derangements characteristic for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the potential relationship between exposure to some BPA analogues and features of the MetS in women with PCOS. Serum BPE, BPC, BPG, BPM, BPP, BPZ, BPFL, and BPBP concentrations did not differ significantly between the PCOS (n = 135) and the control subjects (n = 104). However, women whose serum BPM and BPP concentrations were in the highest tertile were more likely to be diagnosed with PCOS (adjusted OR; [95%CI] 0.43; [0.20; 0.89], P < 0.001 and 0.56; [0.27; 0.96], P = 0.049, consequently). Serum concentrations of BPs were not associated with the MetS diagnosis in the PCOS group. There was a negative correlation between the concentrations of serum BPBP and total serum cholesterol (r = – 0.153; P = 0.019), BPE and serum testosterone (r = – 0.160; P = 0.014) as well as BPC and HDL-cholesterol (r = – 0.138; P = 0.036). There was a positive correlation between the concentrations of BPP and serum triglycerides (r = 0.138; P = 0.036). Our results point to the potential association between exposure to BPM, BPP, and the diagnosis of PCOS, along with the impact of BPBP, BPE, BPC, and BPP on the metabolic features of the MetS.

  • Biuro Młodych Naukowców – z myślą o młodych naukowcach PG
    • Agnieszka Lendzion
    2024 Pełny tekst Pismo PG

    Biuro Młodych Naukowców to jednostka administracji centralnej powstała w lutym 2024 r. z myślą o szerokim wsparciu młodych naukowców Politechniki Gdańskiej. Do zadań Biura należą m.in.: inicjowanie i prowadzenie szeroko rozumianych działań na rzecz młodych naukowców, wsparcie Zespołu Młodych Naukowców, ale także koordynowanie działań zaplanowanych w Strategii HR4R PG oraz innych związanych z utrzymaniem przez Uczelnię wyróżnienia HR Excellence in Research oraz nadzór merytoryczny nad realizacją projektów Funduszy Europejskich dla Rozwoju Społecznego (FERS).

  • Blended natural and synthetic coagulants for the COD and BOD removal from surface water; optimization by response surface methodology: The case of Gibe river
    • Abreham Bayu
    • Yared Endale
    • Zerihun Asmelash Samuel
    • Seifu Kebede
    2024 Pełny tekst Heliyon

    A novel wastewater treatment method is presented in this study. It combines natural coagulants derived from watermelon seeds with the commonly used synthetic coagulant alum. This research demonstrates a remarkable synergy between these two coagulants in removing nutrients from Gibe River wastewater. Combining natural and chemical coagulants often improves water treatment by enhancing particle destabilization, accelerating floc formation, and broadening the range of removable contaminants, resulting in lower chemical dosage requirements. The optimal mixing ratio, found to be 1 part watermelon seed coagulant to 3 parts alum, leads to improved treatment efficiency. At this ratio, the process achieves impressive removal rates: 98.26 % for total dissolved solids (TDS), 96.10 % for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and 95.26 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD). These findings not only validate the use of watermelon seeds as a coagulant but also highlight the combined approach’s environmental and economic benefits. This integrated method offers a more sustainable and cost-effective solution for wastewater treatment.

  • Błędy projektowe i wykonawcze płyty fundamentowej garażu podziemnego
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    • Tomasz Majewski
    2024 Przegląd Budowlany

    W artykule przedstawiono opis uszkodzeń płyty fun- damentowej garażu podziemnego, która została błędnie zaprojek- towana, a następnie wykonana w sposób niezgodny z zasadami wiedzy technicznej. Bezpośrednio po zakończeniu realizacji płyty fun- damentowej na jej powierzchni wystąpiły intensywne zarysowania, które miały charakter nieustabilizowany i ulegały dalszemu rozwo- jowi w czasie. Wykonana na płycie fundamentowej w ramach prac wykończeniowych posadzka również uległa zarysowaniu. W pracy przedstawiono propozycje zakresu prac naprawczych zarówno sa- mej płyty fundamentowej, jak i uszkodzonej posadzki, tj. górnej po- wierzchni wykończonej zasypką utwardzoną powierzchniowo

  • Błędy projektowe i wykonawcze płyty fundamentowej garażu podziemnego
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    • Tomasz Majewski
    2024

    W artykule przedstawiono opis uszkodzeń płyty fundamentowej garażu podziemnego, która została błędnie zaprojektowana, a następnie wykonana w sposób niezgodny z zasadami wiedzy technicznej. Bezpośrednio po zakończeniu realizacji płyty fundamentowej na jej powierzchni wystąpiły intensywne zarysowania, które miały charakter nieustabilizowany i ulegały rozwojowi w czasie. Wykonana w ramach prac wykończeniowych posadzka również uległa zarysowaniu. W pracy przedstawiono propozycje zakresu prac naprawczych zarówno samej płyty fundamentowej, jak i uszkodzonej posadzki tj. górnej powierzchni wykończonej zasypką utwardzoną powierzchniowo.

  • Bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers’ behavior towards rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey, and lamb meat: A comparative review
    • Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
    • Shuva Bhowmik
    • Maliha Afreen
    • İlknur Ucak
    • Ali Ikram
    • Francesca Gerini
    • Mohammad Mehdizadeh
    • Raphael D. Ayivi
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    2024 NUTRITION

    In bodybuilders’ diets, protein plays a crucial role in supporting muscle growth and repairing damaged muscle tissue. These individuals meet their protein needs by combining dietary sources with supplements. Animal-based proteins are often preferred over plant-based proteins because they are believed to better support muscle protein synthesis. This review explores the meat consumption patterns of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers, focusing on rabbit, beef, chicken, turkey, and lamb. We describe and compare the types of meat bodybuilders commonly consume and provide an overview of protein supplements, including meat-based options, plant-based alternatives, and whey-based products. Our aim is to gain insight into the dietary preferences of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers, considering their nutritional requirements and the potential effect on the meat industry. We conducted an extensive search across various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar. We found that individual choices vary based on factors such as attitudes, trust, taste, texture, nutritional content, ethical considerations, and cultural influences. Nutritional factors, including protein content, amino acid profiles, and fat levels, significantly influence the preferences of bodybuilders and high-level meat consumers. However, it is crucial to maintain a balance by incorporating other essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, healthy fats, vitamins, and minerals to ensure a complete and balanced diet. The findings from this review can inform strategies and product development initiatives tailored to the needs of bodybuilders and discerning meat enthusiasts.

  • Bone healing under different lay‐up configuration of carbon fiber‐reinforced PEEK composite plates
    • Agnieszka Sabik
    2024 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS

    Secondary healing of fractured bones requires an application of an appropriate fixa-tor. In general, steel or titanium devices are used mostly. However, in recent years,composite structures arise as an attractive alternative due to high strength to weightratio and other advantages like, for example, radiolucency. According to Food andDrug Administration (FDA), the only unidirectionally reinforced composite allowed tobe implanted in human bodies is carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK). In this work, the healing process of long bone assembled withCF/PEEK plates with cross- and angle-ply lay-up configurations is studied in theframework of finite element method. The healing is simulated by making use of themechanoregulation model basing on the Prendergast theory. Cells transformation isdetermined by the octahedral shear strain and interstitial fluid velocity. The processruns iteratively assuming single load cycle each day. The fracture is subjected to axialand transverse forces. In the computations, the Abaqus program is used. It is shownthat the angle-ply lamination scheme of CF/PEEK composite seems to provide betterconditions for the transformation of the soft callus into the bone tissue.

  • Bounding conditional entropy of bipartite states with Bell operators
    • Jan Horodecki
    • Piotr Mironowicz
    2024 PHYSICAL REVIEW A

    Quantum information theory explores numerous properties that surpass classical paradigms, offering novel applications and benefits. Among these properties, negative conditional von Neumann entropy (CVNE) is particularly significant in entangled quantum systems, serving as an indicator of potential advantages in various information-theoretic tasks, despite its indirect observability. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between CVNE and the violation of Bell inequalities. Our goal is to establish upper bounds on CVNE through semidefinite programming applied to entangled qubits and qutrits, utilizing selected Bell operators. Our findings reveal that a semi-device-independent certification of negative CVNE is achievable and could be practically beneficial. We further explore two types of robustness: robustness against detection efficiency loopholes, measured by relative violation, and robustness against white noise and imperfections in state preparation, measured by critical visibility. Additionally, we analyze parametrized families of Bell inequalities to identify optimal parameters for different robustness criteria. This study demonstrates that different Bell inequalities exhibit varying degrees of robustness depending on the desired properties, such as the type of noise resistance or the target level of negative CVNE. By bridging the gap between Bell inequalities and CVNE, our research enhances understanding of the quantum properties of entangled systems and offers insights for practical quantum information processing tasks.

  • Brewery spent grain valorization through fermentation: Targeting biohydrogen, carboxylic acids and methane production
    • Jacobo Pérez-Barragán
    • Cristina Martínez-Fraile
    • Raúl Muñoz
    • Guillermo Quijano
    • Rafael Maya-Yescas
    • Elizabeth León-Becerril
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    • Octavio García-Depraect
    2024 PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

    This study investigated three different fermentation approaches to explore the potential for producing biohydrogen, carboxylic acids, and methane from hydrolysates of thermally dilute acid pretreated brewer's spent grains (BSG). Initially, the research focused on maximizing the volumetric hydrogen production rate (HPR) in the continuous dark fermentation (DF) of BSG hydrolysates by varying the hydraulic retention time (HRT). The highest HPR reported to date of 5.9 NL/L-d was achieved at 6 h HRT, with a Clostridium-dominated microbial community. The effect of the operational pH (4, 5, 6, and 7) on the continuous acidogenic fermentation was then investigated. A peak carboxylic acid concentration of 17.3 g CODequiv./L was recorded at pH 6, with an associated volumetric productivity of 900.5 ± 13.1 mg CODequiv./L-h and a degree of acidification of 68.3 %. Lactic acid bacteria such as Limosilactobacillus and Lactobacillus were dominant at pH 4–5, while Weissella, Enterococcus, and Lachnoclostridium appeared at pH 6 and 7. Finally, this study evaluated the biochemical methane potential of the DF broth and the unfermented hydrolysates and found high methane yields of 659 and 517 NmL CH4/g-VSadded, respectively, both within one week. Overall, the results showed that pretreated BSG can be a low-cost feedstock for the production of bioenergy and valuable bio-based chemicals in a circular economy.

  • Bridging the Gap Between Legitimacy and Neutralisation Strategies in Sustainability Reporting
    • Eljas Johansson
    2024

    Amid global sustainability challenges, such as climate change, companies operating in different industries face increasing demands for accountability and transparency. To meet these demands, sustainability reporting (SR) has become a mainstream business practice in communicating companies’ positive and negative sustainability impacts. This short paper aims to increase our understanding of how companies may release negative information while seeking to maintain their legitimacy. For this purpose, the paper bridges the gap between legitimacy strategies, impression management and neutralisation techniques by reviewing their associated literature. The nature of neutralisation techniques and how organisations use them in the SR context is underexplored by scholars. Finally, the paper presents prospective discussions of an ongoing study that examines negative sustainability disclosure in the tourism transportation context, namely the airlines.

  • Building new competencies of architects and civil engineers through an educational offer in timber construction: a case study of Polish and Lithuanian students
    • Justyna Borucka
    • Tomasz Zybała
    • Rosita Norvaisiene
    2024 Pełny tekst Global Journal of Engineering Education

    The article outlines an innovative approach by schools of architecture and civil engineering to educate professionals skilled in hybrid timber building construction and design, thereby filling the educational gap in the area of timber construction. To answer the question of what student competencies should be developed in the design and construction of sustainable, high-performance hybrid wood structures, a survey was conducted among several wood product design and manufacturing companies in Europe. Then, in an attempt to prepare an innovative educational course programme on sustainable design of hybrid timber buildings, the current educational offerings of selected architecture and civil engineering faculties of European universities were examined. The article presents the survey results from Poland and Lithuania. The results of the survey show a lack of comprehensive education subjects to shape the competencies of architecture and civil engineering students. The offered subjects need to be improved in relation to modern hybrid timber structures to provide the graduates with the required competencies. This research was carried out as part of the EU project Sustainable, High-Performance Hybrid Timber Building (HiHTC).

  • Business Process Management education in Poland: A manifesto for academic teaching
    • Piotr Sliż
    • Justyna Berniak-Woźny
    • Edyta Brzychczy
    • Renata Gabryelczyk
    • Katarzyna Gdowska
    • Marzena Grzesiak
    • Aneta Napieraj
    • Marta Podobińska-Staniec
    • Natalia R. Potoczek
    • Marek Szelągowski
    • Piotr Senkus
    • Krzysztof Kluza
    2024 Pełny tekst e-mentor

    This paper critically assesses Business Process Management (BPM) education in Poland and provides evidence-based recommendations for improvement. Through a survey of 44 BPM educators, the study evaluates BPM lifecycle coverage, IT tool utilization, and incorporation of the Six Core Elements of BPM. The findings reveal a focus on process modeling and analysis, identifying gaps in the way the entire BPM lifecycle is addressed. Despite the utilization of various IT tools, there is a notable absence of coverage for emerging topics such as process mining, AI, and Robotic Process Automation. Only 12% of courses cover all Six Core Elements of BPM, and there is a critical gap in student education, which is the underrepresentation of the People and Culture elements. The paper concludes with a manifesto for greater alignment between academic education and industry needs through comprehensive BPM curricula, dedicated software tools, and more robust coverage of the strategic and governance aspects of BPM. This will bridge the gap between academic education and real-world BPM applications, so that graduates can be better prepared for the challenges of the modern business landscape, which can enhance the quality and effectiveness of BPM education, thereby aligning it with the evolving demands of the business environment and contributing to the growth and competitiveness of organizations in Poland.

  • Calculation of electron scattering lengths on Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn and Og atoms
    • Paweł Syty
    • Michał Piłat
    • Józef Sienkiewicz
    2024 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS

    Focusing on the noble gases, we calculate the scattering potential using the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian supplemented with a model polarization potential. We determine the scattering lengths using two methods, namely phase shifts for very small scattering energies and the shape of the wave function for zero scattering energy. We compare our theoretical electron scattering length results on Ar, Kr and Xe atoms with existing experimental and theoretical data. In turn, the results obtained for the first time for Rn and Og atoms require independent confirmation. The analysis conducted indicates that the source of the greatest uncertainty in the obtained results is the literature values of dipole polarizability. The study used the GRASP2018 computational package for bound states and the modified COWF code for continuum states.

  • Calculation of Maximum Permissible Load of Underground Power Cables–Numerical Approach for Systems with Stabilized Backfill
    • Seweryn Szultka
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Adam Tomaszewski
    • Hanan Tariq
    2024 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    The maximum permissible load of underground power cables (known in U.S. engineering as “ampacity”) is a function of many parameters, in particular, the thermal resistivity of the native soil. If this resistivity is relatively high, thermal/stabilized backfill is applied, i.e., another material is placed around the cables, providing favourable conditions for heat transfer to the environment. It has a positive impact on the reliability of the power supply and favours the operational durability of the cables. In design practice, however, there is a difficult task – correct determination of the ampacity of the cable line depending on the thermal parameters and the geometry of the backfill. Therefore, this article presents the results of a numerical analysis to determine the ampacity of cable lines in which stabilized backfill is used. A new mathematical relationship is proposed that allows the correction of the ampacity of cable lines depending on their cross-section as well as the thermal and geometric parameters of the cable surroundings.

  • Can we really solve an arch stability problem?
    • Jacek Chróścielewski
    • Victor Eremeev
    2024 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    We bring attention to the problem of solving nonlinear boundary-value problems for elastic structures such as arches and shells. Here we discuss a classical problem of a shear-deformable arch postbuckling. Considering a postbuckling behaviour of a circular arch we discuss the possibility to find numerically a solution for highly nonlinear regimes. The main attention is paid to the problem of determination of all solutions. The main conclusion that there is no guarantee to find all solutions, in general.

  • Capital Structure and Firm Performance Global Financing Decisions among Listed Companies
    • Ewelina Sokołowska
    • Milad Zargartalebi
    2024

    In the complex world of finance, understanding the relationship between a company's capital structure and its overall performance is crucial. This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the interdependence between capital structure decisions and business performance, with a specific focus on German-listed companies. It provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of corporate finance. Through a blend of theoretical frameworks, empirical research, and practical applications, the book presents readers with a thorough understanding of how capital structure decisions impact a company's profitability, risk profile, and long-term sustainability. From traditional theories of capital structure to cutting-edge empirical methodologies, the book outlines the latest developments in the field, offering practical tools and strategies for optimising financial decision-making. Moreover, the book explores how different regions and global trends influence capital structure decisions, providing a comprehensive examination of varying practices and the factors that shape them. It delves into specific aspects influencing global capital structures, including an analytical comparison of capital structures across key global markets such as the United States, the European Union, and China. This comparison highlights how economic, cultural, and market dynamics influence corporate leverage decisions. The impact of technological innovations and their role in reshaping financial strategies are also discussed. Designed for scholars, researchers, and advanced students in finance and economics, this book serves as a definitive reference for understanding the complex dynamics of corporate finance. With its rigorous analysis and practical insights, it equips readers with the knowledge and analytical tools needed to navigate the challenges of capital structure decision-making in today's dynamic business environment.

  • Carbon dioxide sequestration by industrial wastes through mineral carbonation: Current status and perspectives
    • Xiaodan Lin
    • Yingshuang Zhang
    • Hongwen Liu
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Yijun Cao
    • Chongqing Wang
    2024 JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

    Mineral carbonation using natural minerals or industrial wastes is a safe and promising strategy for CO2 sequestration. Application of industrial wastes for this purpose has significant ecological and environmental value, which is one of the key green technologies in the global carbon mitigation. This review summarizes the current research status of CO2 mineralization by industrial wastes. This work surveys the mechanisms and capacities of CO2 mineralization using different industrial wastes (mainly steel slags, blast furnace slags, coal fly ash, waste gypsum, and red mud), evaluates the influence of carbonation pathways and process parameters on the CO2 sequestration capacity, and analyzes the current industrial application status of CO2 sequestration using industrial wastes. Direct aqueous carbonation and indirect carbonation are the two most studied and promising mineralization routes. The leaching-mineralization cycle process has great potential for industrial application, especially for the treatment of coal fly ash, steel slag and other wastes containing calcium oxide, owing to the stable cycle performance of the absorbers. Researchers pay more attention to CO2 mineralization by steel slag compared to other wastes, and the capacity of CO2 mineralization varies greatly for different wastes. Several reports already reported carbonation effectiveness up to 100%. A CO2 sequestration capacity reached 536 g/kg for steel slag and 361 g/kg of blast furnace slag, revealing superior properties of these materials. CO2 sequestration using industrial wastes benefits CO2 emission reduction and comprehensive utilization of industrial wastes. To overcome the problem of the high energy consumption for regeneration of absorbent, a novel integrated CO2 absorption-mineralization process is currently widely studied. A possibility of co-production of value-added products - like different types of zeolite or lithium orthosilicate based adsorbents was highlighted, improving the economic balance of the overall process. More studies on pilot scale should be performed, to fully confirm the feasibility of developed technologies. Application of these developments is still faced with significant issues, including low carbonation efficiency, poor product quality, high process cost, and insufficient mass and heat transfer.