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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Polaronic and Mott insulating phase of layered magnetic vanadium trihalide VCl3
    • Dario Mastrippolito
    • Luigi Camerano
    • Hanna Świątek
    • Břetislav Šmíd
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Luca Ottaviano
    • Gianni Profeta
    2023 PHYSICAL REVIEW B

    Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) magnetic 3d-transition metal trihalides are a new class of functional materials showing exotic physical properties useful for spintronic and memory storage applications. In this article, we report the synthesis and electromagnetic characterization of single-crystalline vanadium trichloride, VCl 3 , a novel 2D layered vdW Mott insulator, which has a rhombohedral structure (R3, No. 148) at room temperature. VCl 3 undergoes a structural phase transition at 103 K and a subsequent antiferromagnetic transition at 21.8 K. Combining core levels and valence bands x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) with first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we demonstrate the Mott Hubbard insulating nature of VCl 3 and the existence of electron small 2D magnetic polarons localized on V atom sites by V-Cl bond relaxation. The polarons strongly affect the electromagnetic properties of VCl 3 promoting the occupation of dispersion-less spin-polarized V-3d a1g states and band inversion with e′ g states. Within the polaronic scenario, it is possible to reconcile different experimental evidences on vanadium trihalides, suggesting that also VI 3 hosts polarons. Our results highlight the complex physical behavior of this class of crystals determined by charge trapping, lattice distortions, correlation effects, mixed valence states, and magnetic states.

  • Polskie górnictwo i hutnictwo miedzi w sztuce medalierskiej
    • Dariusz Świsulski
    2023 Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

    Polska jest jednym z największych producentów miedzi na świecie. W artykule przypomniano historię górnictwa miedzi od najdawniejszych lat przez odkrycie złóż miedzi przez Jana Wyżykowskiego do czasów współczesnych. Obecnie górnictwem i hutnictwem miedzi zajmuje się wiele przedsiębiorstw w ramach KGHM Polska Miedź. Ich opis zilustrowano zdjęciami: medali, plakiet i statuetek, które znajdują się w zbiorach autora.

  • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) determination in disposable baby diapers with the application of natural deep eutectic solvent
    • Aneta Chabowska
    • José Grau
    • Magdalena Fabjanowicz
    • Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
    • Patrycja Janicka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2023 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    In this work a new method involving solvent extraction of porous membrane-packed solid samples (SE-PMSS) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the determination of six polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and five polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxines (PCDDs) in disposable baby diapers. In that aim, a terpenoid-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) composed of carvone and camphor in a 1:1 M ratio was used. The extraction process consisted on a first sealing step of the homogenized whole diaper inside a polypropylene bag. The bag was then immersed in a proper amount of NADES and agitated. After that, measurements were carried out injecting the NADES with the extracted analytes directly into the GC–MS system. Previously, a design of experiment was performed employing a Box Behnken design (BBD) to calculate the optimum variables of the extraction process. With the optimum values, the method was validated obtaining good analytical features such as low limits of detection (0.065–0.60 μg/g) and limits of quantification (0.22–2.0 μg/g). Relative recoveries ranging between 84 and 114 % and relative standard deviations under 15 % for all the analytes. Finally, the green character of this method was evaluated employing the tools complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI) and analytical greenness metric for sample preparation (AGREEprep).

  • Polymers for burn dressings and skin substitutes
    • Przemysław Gnatowski
    • Karolina Gwizdała
    • Edyta Piłat
    • Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
    2023

    Skin burns belong to the group of the most complex injuries due to convoluted skin structure which includes nerve cells, muscles, sweat and sebaceous glands and blood vessels. Both on the market and at the research stage, there are many different dressing and skin substitutes proposals that utilize various materials and active substances. This chapter focuses on summarizing and describing the most popular polymer-based commercial products currently in use and the main lines of research for skin burn treatments. The most common materials used in commercial products are collagen, fibroblasts, polyurethanes and various hydrogels. In current research there is more emphasis placed on modifying materials with synthetic active substances, nanoparticles and incorporation of well-known natural materials such as curcumin, chitosan or propolis. Despite the great achievements in the field of burn treatment, the developed solutions are not perfect. In the case of advanced commercial products containing human cells, a great barrier to widespread application is their high price, and simpler solutions are still insufficiently effective. In short time there is a perspective of the introduction to the market of products with high efficiency and moderate price, modified with nanoparticles and substances of natural origin. Some of those materials are currently undergoing clinical trials and FDA approval process.

  • Polynomial analysis as a new way of describing dynamic impedance spectra – Differential and relative impedance spectra
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    • Szymon Wysmułek
    • Anna Karólkowska
    2023 Full text ELECTROCHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS

    Model measurements of an equivalent electrical system were carried out using the technique of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. The measurement took the form of potentiodynamic changes imposed on the tested system. Using the possibility of continuous impedance measurements, an attempt was made to develop an original and innovative method of analyzing impedance spectrograms, which is termed polynomial analysis. As a result of this approach, it is possible to generate two novel impedance spectra from the primary impedance spectrogram. The innovation lies in the use of simple polynomials to describe a set of spectra, and then performing differential and division operations, which result in differential- and relative-impedance spectra. Among other things, differential spectra have the ability to track the rate of change in impedance as a function of an independent variable. By contrast, relative impedance spectra eliminate surface influence, which opens the way to the direct comparison of physicochemical processes and more.

  • Polysaccharides-Based Hybrid Materials for Bio- and Non-Bio Sectors. Edytorial
    • Muhammad Bilal
    2023 Full text STARCH-STARKE

    This special edition spotlights the recent research in the design, development, and emerging applications of polysaccharides-based hybrid materials for biotechnological and biomedical purposes. All the articles published in this issue underscore the significance of materials derived from cellulose, alginate, chitosan, starch, and carrageenan for various applications, including enzyme production, encapsulation, targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, tissue engineering, cosmeceutical formulations, food packaging, and water/wastewater treatment. On behalf of the editorial board, I would like to extend sincere gratitude to all the authors who have made significant contributions to this special issue. The Starch journal is committed to advancing our understanding of polysaccharides-based hybrid materials in biotechnology.

  • Polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC) as a method of wood waste management
    • Adam Olszewski
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Łukasz Piszczyk
    2023

    In recent years, due to the progressive environmental degradation and increase of environmental awareness, the sustainability of production systems in wood processing, the wood industry, and wood waste management is a crucial issue for European industry and society. Consequently, the problem of generating wood-like waste and the associated risks has become an increasingly noticeable challenge for science. Although various methods of wood waste management have been developed, managing of post-industrial and post-consumer waste remains one of the most vital and challenging problems. The lack of an effective wood waste management system, particularly for post-consumer waste, leads to the implementation of low-quality solutions such as incineration or landfilling of valuable products that could be recycled and re-used. According to the EU Directive 2018/851, reuse and recycling of wastes are more preferred than energy recovery or landfilling. It is important to note that energy recovery and landfilling of waste are rather forms of material disposal and not recycling methods. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for innovative technologies that enable the efficient processing of wooden waste into valuable products. In this work we developed a new type of polyurethane wood-composite (PU-WC) by the utilization of large amount of wood wastes with properties comparable to MDF boards during simple production process.

  • Pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej w obwodach z wyłącznikami różnicowoprądowymi selektywnymi
    • Kornel Borowski
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2023 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    Pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej w obwodach z wyłącznikami różnicowoprądowymi bezzwłocznymi jest kłopotliwy, ponieważ przy stosowaniu typowych mierników o prądzie pomiarowym rzędu 10-20 A zwykle następują zbędne zadziałania tych zabezpieczeń. W przypadku obwodów z wyłącznikami różnicowoprądowymi selektywnymi jest inaczej. W artykule wykazano, że pomiar ten można wykonać nawet miernikiem wielkoprądowym wymuszającym prąd o wartości szczytowej około 200 A. Przedstawiono przykładowe oscylogramy prądu pomiarowego oraz wyniki badań reakcji wyłączników różnicowoprądowych na pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej.

  • Porównanie obciążenia wiatrem wyznaczonego na podstawie procedur normowych z wynikami symulacji w cyfrowym tunelu aerodynamicznym dla hali stalowej.
    • Wojciech Migda
    • Małgorzata Gordziej-Zagórowska
    • Patryk Deniziak
    • Wioletta Leszczyńska
    2023 Full text Builder

    W niniejszych badaniach porównano obciążenia od wiatru wyznaczonego metodą normową oraz w cyfrowym tunelu aerodynamicznym. Analizom poddano typowy budynek hali na planie prostokąta z dwuspadowym dachem w czterech wariantach geometrycznych. W pierwszym etapie budynki zwymiarowano bazując na obciążeniach od wiatru wyznaczonych według Eurokodu. Następnie dla poszczególnych elementów konstrukcyjnych określono poziom wytężenia. Dla tak zaprojektowanych budynków halowych, w kolejnym kroku, przeprowadzono analizy w cyfrowym tunelu aerodynamicznym, który pozwolił na wyznaczenie obciążeń od wiatru. Zauważono wyraźną tendencję: konstrukcja obciążona w cyfrowym tunelu aerodynamicznym wpływa na mniejsze wytężenia przekrojów oraz mniejsze wartości przemieszczeń. Należy pamiętać jednak, że analiza konstrukcji w cyfrowym tunelu aerodynamicznym wymaga od projektanta wiedzy, doświadczenia i kontroli otrzymywanych wyników.

  • PORÓWNANIE ZASTOSOWANIA ZAAWANSOWANEJ TECHNOLOGII WYTWARZANIA KOMPOZYTÓW Z WŁÓKNA WĘGLOWEGO PREPREG I TECHNOLOGII INFUZJI NA MASĘ ELEMENTÓW ORAZ MOŻLIWOŚCI PRODUKCYJNE
    • Katarzyna Mikucka
    • Igor Eliasz
    • Mateusz Czerwiński
    2023

    Kompozyty z włókna węglowego odgrywają kluczową rolę w wielu gałęziach przemysłu, w tym w motorsporcie, gdzie często stanowią podstawowy element konstrukcji pojazdów. Pozwalają one na osiągnięcie unikalnych właściwości, które są niemożliwe do uzyskania przy użyciu innych materiałów, dzięki możliwości dostosowania wytrzymałości w każdej osi do przewidywanych naprężeń. Technologia wytwarzania kompozytów jest kluczowym czynnikiem wpływającym na te właściwości. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań próbek wykonanych z preimpregnatów węglowych oraz włókien węglowych nasycanych żywicą metodą infuzji. Porównano właściwości wytrzymałościowe, masę elementów oraz możliwości produkcyjne obu metod. Badania pozwoliły na identyfikację głównych zalet i wad obu technologii, biorąc pod uwagę koszt materiałów i produkcji, prostotę wykonania oraz czas i wysiłek potrzebny do wykonania próbki przy użyciu danej techniki. Próbki były identyczne pod względem układu tkanin węglowych o tej samej gramaturze. Wyniki badań umożliwiają ocenę potencjału metod w kontekście produkcji pojazdów klasy Formula Student.

  • Posadowienie obiektów infrastruktury drogowej w złożonych warunkach geotechnicznych
    • Remigiusz Duszyński
    • Katarzyna Zamara
    2023 Magazyn Autostrady

    Coraz częściej projektowanie geotechniczne związane jest z posadowieniem obiektów na obszarach występowania złożonych a nawet skomplikowanych warunków geotechnicznych. Wyzwania jakim musi sprostać projektant to zarówno wymagania odnośnie bezpieczeństwa i trwałości wznoszonej konstrukcji, ale równie istotne staje się ograniczanie kosztów, czasu realizacji oraz śladu węglowego. Pośród technologii które wykorzystane są w takich projektach znajdują się gównie fundamenty pośrednie, dla których interesującą alternatywą jest wykorzystanie materacy geokomórkowych Stratum.

  • Position and Orientation Estimation in Radio Network With Groups of Locally Synchronized Nodes
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    • Jacek Stefański
    2023 Full text IEEE Access

    This article presents a positioning system with groups of locally synchronized nodes. A mobile object is equipped with a group of several synchronized receivers that are able to measure the difference in the time of arrival of signals from reference transmitters. The reference transmitters are synchronized only in local groups, with no global synchronization between groups. It is assumed that the synchronous operation of transmitters and receivers in groups does not allow for the phase-coherent emission and reception of signals, making beamforming and angle of arrival estimation impossible. The structure of the positioning system and the equations for estimating the position and orientation angle are presented, along with the Gauss-Newton algorithm for iteratively estimating the coordinates and orientation of the mobile object. The possible accuracy of the proposed solution is evaluated using dilution of precision and the Cramer-Rao lower bound. The analysis showed that although the quality of the position estimation in the proposed solution is highly dependent on the mutual location of the reference transmitters and the mobile object, the orientation angle can be estimated highly accurately, almost regardless of the mobile object location.

  • Postbiotics in oncology: science or science fiction?
    • Anna Kudra
    • Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka
    • Bartosz Kamil Sobocki
    • Damian Muszyński
    • Joanna Polom
    • Ludovico Carbone
    • Luigi Marano
    • Franco Roviello
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    • Ewa Stachowska
    2023 Full text Frontiers in Microbiology

    The gut microbiome has been increasingly understood to play a critical role in carcinogenesis and cancer disease progression. The most recent research advancements have shown that different tools of microbiota manipulation contribute to gut microbiome–immune–oncology axis modulation, offering exciting opportunities for targeted interventions aimed at improving the efficacy of established anti-cancer therapy. Postbiotics are a new entry among the biotics showing beneficial effects on human health while not requiring living cells to obtain the health effect and therefore not subjected to food safety rules for live microorganisms. Postbiotics are recently defined as the “preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host” and have gradually become the focus of the scientific community. Since the beginning of research on this topic, numerous studies about postbiotics have been proven to strengthen the gut barrier, reduce inflammation, and promote antimicrobial activity. However, research on the potential application of cancer therapy is still at the early stages of its efforts to uncover all the secrets surrounding postbiotics. This review aims to increase our understanding of the anti-cancer effect of postbiotics throughout a “bibliographic journey” on the biological activity of their components, including exopolysaccharides, cell wall fragments, tryptophan metabolites, enzymes, bacterial lysates, extracellular vesicles, and short-chain fatty acids, highlighting their perspective as a new supportive therapeutic method of treatment and identifying the literature gaps where further research is needed.

  • Post-Chromatographic Derivatization Coupled with Mass Spectrometry as a Method of Profiling and Identification of Antioxidants; Ligustrum vulgare Phytocomplex as an Example
    • Szymon Litewski
    • Marika Mróz
    • Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
    • Barbara Kusznierewicz
    2023 Full text MOLECULES

    High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with radical scavenging assays, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) can be both used for the detection of the antioxidants in plant extracts. In this study, the ethanolic (70% v/v) extracts from different morphological parts of Ligustrum vulgare collected at different stages of maturity were used as the source of antioxidants. The final identification of antioxidants was performed using high-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). As a result, 19 compounds with antioxidant properties detected with HPLC-ABTS assay and 10 compounds detected with HPTLC-DPPH/ABTS assay were identified, mostly from the group of iridoids, phenylethanoids, and flavonoids. When comparing different L. vulgare samples, it was found that the extracts obtained from leaves contained the greatest number of antioxidants. The results of this study suggest that HPTLC-DPPH/ABTS as well as HPLC-ABTS derivatization coupled with the HRMS can be successfully used for profiling and identification of antioxidants from natural sources. Planar chromatography is more suitable for screening multiple samples because of its simplicity, whereas more challenging liquid chromatography provides more detailed information and is therefore better for a selected set of samples.

  • Post‐Second World War Reconstruction of Polish Cities: The Interplay Between Politics and Paradigms
    • Łukasz Bugalski
    • Piotr Lorens
    2023 Full text Urban Planning

    By the end of the Second World War, many of the Polish cities—and especially their historic centres—were in ruins. This was caused by both bombings and sieges conducted by the Nazis and Soviets. The particular group of cities is associated with former German lands—now called the “Recovered Territories”—which were incorporated into the borders of Poland as compensation for its Eastern Borderlands lost to the Soviet Union. These cities started to be gradually rebuilt after the end of the war, although one can distinguish certain stages and types of interventions, varying from the restoration and idealisation of the pre‐war townscapes (so‐called “Polish School of Conservation,” which was developed along principles contradictory to the urban conservation theories of these times) to late modern as well as postmodern (called the “retroversion”) principles. This process is ongoing, meaning the reconstruction of the historic cities is not yet completed. At the same time, these processes were embedded within the changing political perspectives—varying from “restoration of destroyed heritage” through “providing modern living environments” up to the “theming urban spaces.” In some cities, various stages and approaches overlapped, creating unique palimpsests. The article focuses not only on the evolution of both politics and design paradigms but mostly on the interplay between them and, as a result, on the doctrine’s evolution. Consequently, these considerations allow presenting the similarities and differences in the evolution of the reconstruction of Polish cities to the cases known from Western Europe and provide the framework for understanding the contemporary urban design paradigms of Central and Eastern Europe.

  • Poszukiwanie układów obiektów architektonicznych zgodnych z uwarunkowaniami przyrodniczymi Pojezierza Kaszubskiego. Studium autorskie
    • Agnieszka Kurkowska
    2023 Full text Rozwój Regionalny i Polityka Regionalna

    Studium docelowych form zamieszkiwania oparto o obserwacje przyrodnicze i próbę ich kulturowej transpozycji poprzez działania artystyczne. Metaforyczne wyobrażenia form zamieszkiwania prezentowane w wielu wariantach ukazują jej adaptowalność do różnorodnych, unikalnych uwarunkowań przyrodniczych. Kontekst stanowi zarówno inspirację jak i zadanie problemowe, na które odpowiedzią jest konkretna forma układu, spasowana do swojego otoczenia i odpowiadająca zastanej sytuacji przestrzennej. Poszczególne realizacje, stanowiące de facto prace autonomiczne, są jednocześnie fragmentami procesu poszukiwania układów obiektów architektonicznych dopasowanych do miejsca. Małoskalowe gliniane rzeźby lokowane w kontekście krajobrazu naturalnego regionu kaszubskiego zwracają uwagę na sam początek poszukiwań formy oraz sposobu jej sytuowania w przestrzeni. Wykonywane cyklicznie od 2016 roku prace poddano wstępnej klasyfikacji systematyzującej osiągnięte efekty i ułatwiającej pracę porównawczą w obrębie wyłanianych grup rozwiązań. Najlepiej obrazujący zagadnienie wydaje się podział tematyczny oparty o wątki problemowe sytuacji terenowych, w których aranżowano autorski układ elementów. Tezą jest przeświadczenie o celowości inspirowania się uwarunkowaniami przyrodniczymi w działaniach artystycznych przy formułowaniu wytycznych projektowych. Celem projektu jest odnalezienie regionalnych uwarunkowań przyrodniczych Pojezierza Kaszubskiego adaptowalnych w tworzeniu rozwiązań urbanistycznych. Charakterystyczna zabudowa wsi kaszubskiej o wielowiekowej historii jest wartością regionalną, ale nie stanowi jedynego wzorca dla współczesnych interwencji architektonicznych w krajobrazie. Być może trop bioniczny mógłby stanowić rozwiązanie alternatywne, będąc szczególnym remedium na niedobory współczesnych form zamieszkiwania (zarówno obiektów architektonicznych jak też ich urbanistycznych relacji). Badanie osiągniętych efektów twórczych może kierunkować poszukiwania rozwiązań i formuł nieoczywistych w zakresie projektowania.

  • Potential degradation of norfloxacin using UV-C/Fe2+/peroxides-based oxidative pathways
    • Faiza Rehman
    • Nazish Parveen
    • Jibran Iqbal
    • Murtaza Sayed
    • Noor S. Shah
    • Sabah Ansar
    • Javed Ali
    • Afzal Shah
    • Farrukh Jamil
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2023 JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY

    The removal of norfloxacin (NOR), a widely used pharmaceutical and emerging water pollutant, was studied using UV-C and Fe2+ catalyzed peroxides-based oxidative processes (e.g., UV-C/Fe2+/H2O2, UV-C/Fe2+/S2O82− and UV-C/Fe2+/HSO5−) and compared with UV-C and UV-C/Fe2+. The UV-C and UV-C/Fe2+ degraded NOR to 38 and 55 %. However, use of peroxides, i.e., H2O2, S2O82−, HSO5− with UV-C and UV-C/Fe2+ promoted NOR %degradation to 75, 83, and 90 % using [peroxides]0 = 50 mg/L, [Fe2+]0 = 1 mg/L, and [NOR]0 = 10 mg/L, respectively. The significant impact of peroxides on NOR degradation was due to their decomposition into ●OH and SO4●− which showed high activity towards NOR degradation. The ●OH and SO4●− formation from peroxides decomposition and their contribution in NOR degradation was verified by different scavenger studies. Among the UV-C/Fe2+/peroxides processes, UV-C/Fe2+/HSO5− showed better performance. The changing concentrations of peroxides, Fe2+, and NOR affected degradation of NOR. The use of different pH and inorganic anions also influenced NOR degradation. The degradation pathways of NOR were established and analyzed acute as well as chronic toxicities of NOR and its DPs.

  • Potential energy curves, transition and permanent dipole moments of KRb
    • Patryk Jasik
    • Piotr Łobacz
    • Józef Sienkiewicz
    2023 Full text ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES

    We present extensive calculations of 48 adiabatic potential energy curves of the KRb molecule. Efforts have been focused on preparing the appropriate basis sets. Compared to previous approaches, the set of new potential energy curves is extended to higher excitations, including the single-excited K(4s2S)+Rb(5d2D) and double-excited K(4p2P)+Rb(5p2P) atomic limits. Larger distances between nuclei are also taken into account. New features of potential energy curves have been found. The present spectroscopic parameters are compared with the available experimental data and other theoretical results, among which parameters of 15 high-laying excited electronic states are provided for the first time. We also present the values of the transition and permanent dipole moment functions and discuss their features. The aims of the study are to provide high-quality data for the KRb molecule, which may be useful in the physics of low temperatures and alternatively the analysis and assignment of molecular spectra.

  • Potential Impact of Waterway Development on Cultural Landscape Values: The Case of the Lower Vistula
    • Anna Golędzinowska
    2023 Full text Urban Planning

    The northern (“lower”) section of the Vistula is on the route of two international waterways—E70 and E40. However, the current condition of the riverbed prevents larger vessels from passing through. Plans for the waterway date back to the beginning of the 20th century. Following Poland’s ratification of the European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance in 2017, the general concept has been transformed into more concrete studies and has found its place in the national development policy. The scientific and political discourse primarily addresses the potential benefits of river regulation in the field of transport and energy. Against this background, studies on the impact of investments on the natural environment are published less frequently. Meanwhile, the Vistula has for centuries influenced the formation of a unique cultural landscape, which will be severely transformed if the river is regulated. On the other hand, insufficient transit depths of the waterway result in the loss of the function of the historic transport corridor, which also changes the character of parts of the area dependent on the river—in particular, the riverside areas of towns. This article aims to indicate the need for a qualitative landscape assessment of how the impact of investments is assessed and the best solution chosen. Using the assumptions of the historic urban landscape, the author analyses the potential impact of the planned investment in the lower Vistula on the surrounding cultural landscape. The potential scope for change in two dimensions is indicated at the scale of the lower Vistula and the individual towns. The possible impact of the investments on the panoramas is illustrated for selected cases.

  • Potyczki algorytmiczne, czyli Alicja i Bogdan w nowych sytuacjach. 3. Alicja i Bogdan remontują mieszkanie.
    • Marek Kubale
    • Damian Niemczyk
    2023 Pismo PG

    Poniższe zagadki nawiązują z jednej strony do problemu kafelkowania płaszczyzny, który jest nierozstrzygalny, z drugiej do problemu rozkroju wstęgi, który jest NP-trudny. Jednakże przypadki szczególne, które tu rozważamy, nie są tak trudne i mogą być rozwiązane za pomocą algorytmów działających w czasie wielomianowym.

  • Potyczki algorytmiczne, czyli Alicja i Bogdan w nowych sytuacjach. 4. Alicja i Bogdan w samochodzie.
    • Marek Kubale
    2023 Pismo PG

    Zilustrowano problem przeszukiwania obiektów w nieznanych przestrzeniach na przykładzie jazdy samochodem.

  • Potyczki algorytmiczne, czyli Alicja i Bogdan w nowych sytuacjach. 5. Alicja kupuje buty.
    • Marek Kubale
    2023 Pismo PG

    Niniejszy miniesej pokazuje, w jaki sposób można efektywnie przeszukiwać uporządkowane tablice 2-wymiarowe oraz, w jaki sposób można radzić sobie (niekiedy) z trudnymi problemami obliczeniowymi.

  • Potyczki algorytmiczne, czyli Alicja i Bogdan w nowych sytuacjach. Alicja i Bogdan w pizzerii
    • Marek Kubale
    2023 Pismo PG

    Powracamy tutaj do zagadki sprzed 4 lat pod tym samym tytułem, którą uzupełniamy nowymi komentarzami i nowymi zagadkami na ten temat. Pozwala to nam zilustrować szerzej zasady działania algorytmu zachłannego.

  • Power converter interface for urban DC traction substations - solutions and functionality.
    • Mykola Lukianov
    • Ievgen Verbytskyi
    • Natalia Strzelecka
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    2023 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    This paper focuses on extending an urban DC traction substation functionality by means of an additional power converter interface (PCI). In particular, by enabling bidirectional energy exchange between LV DC traction grid, AC grid and V2G chargers. Among other things, the presented material compares general attributes of the most promising DC/DC converters that can be used in a PCI, meet the requirements of galvanic isolation and can operate in a wide voltage range. Based on the literature, the application suitability of typical PCI structures and isolated DC/DC converters was made. In addition, the principles of power flow in the power converter interface that connects an AC grid, DC traction grid, V2G chargers and PV source are discussed

  • Poziom emisji wybranych przedstawicieli z grupy terpenów z powszechnie stosowanych materiałów drewnopochodnych po długim okresie przechowywania
    • Karolina Budnarowska
    • Mariusz Marć
    2023 Analityka: Nauka i Praktyka

    Materiały drewnopochodne wykorzystywane do produkcji elementów wyposażeniowych uznawane są za istotne źródło emisji związków z grupy terpenów do powietrza wewnętrznego. Z tego względu stanowią kluczowy element przyczyniający się do kształtowania jakości środowiska wewnętrznego pomieszczeń, a tym samym potencjalnego oddziaływania na samopoczucie osób w nim przebywających. Przeprowadzone badania oraz uzyskana baza danych miały na celu określenie wielkości emisji wybranych związków z grupy terpenów uwalnianych do fazy gazowej z powierzchni próbek najpowszechniej stosowanych na rynku materiałów drewnopochodnych. Jednak równie istotnym aspektem, jest fakt, iż w wyniku interpretacji uzyskanych wyników, zaistniała możliwość uświadomienia użytkowników tego typu materiałów, iż pomimo upływu lat, materiały drewnopochodne nadal mogą stanowić znaczący element wpływający na jakość środowiska wewnętrznego.

  • Prace remontowo-naprawcze w obiektach zabytkowych.Wybrane przykłady
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2023

    Publikacja stanowi studium przypadku usterek i uszkodzeń występujących w obiektach zabytkowych. Szczególny nacisk położono na przedstawienie stanów przedawaryjnych i awaryjnych tego typu obiektów. W pracy przedstawiono następstwa projektowania i realizacji obiektów budowlanych będących dzisiaj zabytkami, często z pominięciem zasad wiedzy technicznej. Wskazano również konsekwencje niewłaściwego, wieloletniego użytkowania tych obiektów. W książce zaproponowano koncepcje rozwiązań projektowych naprawy występujących usterek i uszkodzeń.

  • Practical Approach to IP Scheduled Throughput Measurements in Dual Connectivity Systems
    • Arkadiusz Zięba
    • Martin Kollar
    • Krzysztof Tatarczyk
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    2023 Full text International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

    IP scheduled throughput defined according to 3GPP TS 36.314 reflects user throughput regardless of traffic characteristics, and therefore has become one of the most important indicators for monitoring Quality of Service (QoS) of the end user in Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). However, networks built on a distributed architecture make the above definition impossible to be applied directly due to the implementation challenges. This paper gives an overview of the classical Long Term Evolution (LTE) architecture as opposed to Dual Connectivity (DC) topology and focuses on a novel method of solving the calculation issue with the IP scheduled throughput measurement in edge computing environment. Experimental results show a good agreement with the real end user perception.

  • Practical aspects of testing superconducting electromagnets by the capacitor discharge method taking into account the non-linearity of circuit parameters
    • Michał Michna
    • Andrzej Wilk
    • Marek Wołoszyk
    • Michał Ziółko
    • Stanisław Galla
    • Piotr Szwangruber
    2023 Full text Archives of Electrical Engineering

    The article presents selected issues related to the development and testing of the diagnostics systems dedicated for superconducting electromagnets. The systems were constructed to assess the production quality of superconducting electromagnets of the SIS100 synchrotron, a new accelerator being built as part of the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). One of the systems is used for automatic checking of electrical connection parameters and the continuity of electric circuits. The role of the second device is to assess the quality of winding insulation and to estimate circuit parameters of electromagnet coils using the capacitor discharge method. The work presents measurements and analysis of current and voltage waveforms acquired during discharges on a magnet coil simulator and on the SIS100 main dipole electromagnet

  • Praktyczne aspekty fotowoltaiki
    • Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
    2023

    Wydajność instalacji fotowoltaicznej zależy od wielu czynników. Niektóre z nich są niezależne od właściciela modułów, inne pozwalają na podejmowanie świadomych działań, by lepiej wykorzystać potencjał instalacji i zwiększyć ilość generowanej energii, a tym samym poprawić efekt ekologiczny i ekonomiczny. Ograniczenie każdego z tych czynników ma istotne znaczenie ekonomiczne ze względu na możliwość uzyskania – przez zwiększenie sprawności konwersji fotowoltaicznej – większej mocy z tej samej powierzchni czynnej ogniw przy tym samym natężeniu promieniowania padającego. Wyżej wymienione czynniki powinny być analizowane na etapie wyboru modułów przez inwestora. Z kolei decyzja o miejscu i sposobie zainstalowania modułów i ich usytuowaniu jest podejmowana na etapie budowania instalacji i jest kluczowa dla uzyskania jak najbardziej korzystnych efektów jej pracy.

  • Pre-analytical aspects in metabolomics of human biofluids – sample collection, handling, transport, and storage
    • Dorota Garwolińska
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    • Weronika Hewelt-Belka
    2023 Molecular Omics

    Metabolomics is the field of omics research that offers valuable insights into the complex composition of biological samples. It has found wide application in clinical diagnostics, disease investigation, therapy prediction, monitoring of treatment efficiency, drug discovery, or in-depth analysis of sample composition. A suitable study design constitutes the fundamental requirements to ensure robust and reliable results from the study data. The study design process should include a careful selection of conditions for each experimental step, from sample collection to data analysis. The pre-analytical variability that can introduce bias to the subsequent analytical process, decrease the outcome reliability, and confuse the final results of the metabolomics research, should also be considered. Herein, we provide key information regarding the pre-analytical variables affecting the metabolomics studies of biological fluids that are the most desirable type of biological samples. Our work offers a practical review that can serve and guide metabolomics pre-analytical design. It indicates pre-analytical factors, which can introduce artificial data variation and should be identified and understood during experimental design (through literature overview or analytical experiments).

  • Prebiotics and probiotics in food
    • Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk
    2023

    Nowadays, food is not only used to satisfy hunger and is a source of nutrients, but is also considered a factor that directly affects human health. Consumers are looking for high-quality products that contain bioactive ingredients that affect the proper functioning of the body and good mood. Functional foods, which must exhibit health benefits when consumed as part of a balanced diet, are becoming increasingly popular among health-conscious individuals. Probiotics and prebiotics may be functional components of such foods.

  • Predicting emotion from color present in images and video excerpts by machine learning
    • Aleksandra Wędołowska
    • Dawid Weber
    • Bożena Kostek
    2023 Full text IEEE Access

    This work aims at predicting emotion based on the colors present in images and video excerpts using a machine-learning approach. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (a) to develop a machine-learning algorithm that classifies emotions based on the color present in an image, (b) to select the best-performing algorithm from the first phase and apply it to film excerpt emotion analysis based on colors, (c) to design an online survey to check the accuracy of the annotations of the collected film data. In the first, three approaches to color extraction are tested, namely clustering colors into a palette of predefined colors, assigning colors to the RYB (Red, Yellow, Blue) model, and extracting a histogram of colors present in an image. This is based on image datasets containing color and emotion annotations. Classification is conducted using several algorithms, both deep learning and baseline artificial intelligence algorithms. The obtained results, under different configurations of parameters and training sets, are then presented. In the second part, the bestperforming algorithm from the first phase is applied to film excerpt emotion analysis based on colors. This is followed by the third part, which is an online survey created to check the accuracy of the algorithm’s annotations to the collected film data by the questionnaire respondents. Further, a discussion of the results achieved is presented. Conclusions contain a summary of the results and further direction for improving the performance of the created algorithm.

  • Predicting seismic response of SMRFs founded on different soil types using machine learning techniques
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Neda Asgarkhani
    • Robert Jankowski
    2023 ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    Predicting the Maximum Interstory Drift Ratio (M-IDR) of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRFs) is a useful tool for designers to approximately evaluate the vulnerability of SMRFs. This study aims to explore supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to build a surrogate prediction model for SMRFs to reduce the need for complex modeling. For this purpose, twenty well-known ML algorithms implemented in Python software are trained based on the dataset achieved from Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) performed on the 2-Story, 3- Story, 4-Story, 5-Story, 6-Story, 7-Story, 8-Story, and 9-Story SMRFs modeled in Opensees. Then, important features of weight, fundamental period of structure (T1), the RSN number of record subsets, the direction of the record subsets, soil types, and Sa(T1) of analysis, which affect the results of predictions, were selected by trial and error. Having these important features, data-driven techniques developed in Python software were compared for predicting the M-IDR of SMRFs as target. Results showed that ML algorithms of GPReg, PLSReg, SReg, LReg, GReg, MLPReg, SVM, and LSVR had lower values of coefficient of determination (R2 lower than 0.5) in both train and test datasets. In addition, XGBoost, BReg, HistGBR, and ERTReg algorithms achieved higher values of R2 (i.e. upper than 0.95 in the 5-Story SMRF) with low Mean Squared Error (MSE) for prediction of M-IDR. Therefore, using these algorithms mitigates the need for computationally expensive, time-consuming, and complex analysis, while preliminary prediction of M-IDR can be considered a low computational and efficient tool for seismic vulnerability assessment.

  • Prediction of maximum tensile stress in plain-weave composite laminates with interacting holes via stacked machine learning algorithms: A comparative study
    • Faramarz Bagherzadeh
    • Torkan Shafighfard
    • Raja Muhammad Awais Khan
    • Piotr Szczuko
    • Magdalena Mieloszyk
    2023 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

    Plain weave composite is a long-lasting type of fabric composite that is stable enough when being handled. Open-hole composites have been widely used in industry, though they have weak structural performance and complex design processes. An extensive number of material/geometry parameters have been utilized for designing these composites, thereby an efficient computational tool is essential for that purpose. Different Machine Learning (ML) tools were integrated to obtain the model with the highest accuracy considering the maximum tensile stress of composite plates with two interacting notches while comparing the effectiveness of each technique. Finite Element (FE) simulations were carried out inside the ABAQUS software by employing python macro code to provide a data-rich framework (8960 data). The predictions given by ML methods were compared with the data given by the numerical simulations. An evolutionary algorithm (TPOT) and automatic neural network search (AuoKeras) were utilized for that purpose. An automatic grid search technique was employed to select the best method which could predict the material attribute target values (maximum stress) for different tests. 1% of the data was given as training while 99% was for testing to ensure the robustness of the model. It was concluded that the model containing the Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), PolyFeatures, and LassoLarsCV algorithms outperformed other ML combinations and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for predicting the target value. The coefficient of determination (2 ) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed model were 0.97 and 253 respectively. Hence, this model could be utilized for prospective predictions in this type of materials and geometry by providing further reduction of the computational time and labor cost with high accuracy.

  • Pre‐exascale HPC approaches for molecular dynamics simulations. Covid‐19 research: A use case
    • Miłosz Wieczór
    • Vito Genna
    • Juan Aranda
    • Rosa M. Badia
    • Josep Lluís Gelpí
    • Vytautas Gapsys
    • Bert L. de Groot
    • Erik Lindahl
    • Martí Municoy
    • Adam Hospital
    • Modesto Orozco
    2023 Full text Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Computational Molecular Science

    Exascale computing has been a dream for ages and is close to becoming a reality that will impact how molecular simulations are being performed, as well as the quantity and quality of the information derived for them. We review how the biomolecular simulations field is anticipating these new architectures, making emphasis on recent work from groups in the BioExcel Center of Excellence for High Performance Computing. We exemplified the power of these simulation strategies with the work done by the HPC simulation community to fight Covid-19 pandemics.

  • Preparation and Characterization of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Biomedical Applications—A Review
    • Klaudia Malisz
    • Beata Świeczko-Żurek
    • Alina Sionkowska
    2023 Full text Materials

    Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are generally used in biomedical applications, mainly because of their tribological and chemical properties that prevent the release of substrate ions, extend the life cycle of the material, and promote cell growth. The unique properties of the coating depend on the ratio of the sp3/sp2 phases, where the sp2 phase provides coatings with a low coefficient of friction and good electrical conductivity, while the share of the sp3 phase determines the chemical inertness, high hardness, and resistance to tribological wear. DLC coatings are characterized by high hardness, low coefficient of friction, high corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. These properties make them attractive as potential wear-resistant coatings in many compelling applications, including optical, mechanical, microelectronic, and biomedical applications. Another great advantage of DLC coatings is that they can be deposited at low temperatures on a variety of substrates and can thus be used to coat heat-sensitive materials, such as polymers. Coating deposition techniques are constantly being improved; techniques based on vacuum environment reactions are mainly used, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This review summarizes the current knowledge and research regarding diamond-like carbon coatings.

  • Preparation, characterization, and manufacturing of new polymeric materials for 3D printing for medical applications
    • Agnieszka Haryńska
    2023 Full text

    This work concerns the synthesis, formation, and characteristics of new filaments for 3D printing in FDM™/FFF technology for medical purposes. Two types of filaments were developed, i.e. degradable polyurethane and biodegradable polylactide-starch. The influence of the 3D printing process on selected filament properties was investigated. A detailed analysis of the filament formation process by the extrusion method was carried out, thus complementing the current state of knowledge. Porous structures and anatomical models were designed and 3D printed using, among others, developed filaments. The obtained details were subjected to a series of preliminary biological (in vitro) tests to determine their suitability for medical applications. The research results showed that the developed polyurethane filaments are biocompatible and susceptible to degradation, and the forming process does not affect their structural, thermal, and biological properties. Whereas, modification of polylactide with the addition of thermoplastic starch increased the hydrophilicity and susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation of the developed bio-filament. It has been shown that 3D printed polyurethane porous structures meet the prerequisites of cancellous bone tissue scaffolds. In turn, personalized anatomical models printed with the use of the developed bio-filament are characterized by increased compostability while maintaining the quality of printouts from commercial polylactide (PLA) filament. The basis of the presented doctoral dissertation is a series of six scientific articles published in journals indexed in the JCR list.

  • Previous Opinions is All You Need - Legal Information Retrieval System
    • Maciej Osowski
    • Katarzyna Lorenc
    • Paweł Drozda
    • Rafał Scherer
    • Konrad Szałapak
    • Kajetan Komar-Komarowski
    • Julian Szymański
    • Andrzej Sobecki
    2023

    We present a system for retrieving the most relevant legal opinions to a given legal case or question. To this end, we checked several state-of-the-art neural language models. As a training and testing data, we use tens of thousands of legal cases as question-opinion pairs. Text data has been subjected to advanced pre-processing adapted to the specifics of the legal domain. We empirically chose the BERT-based HerBERT model to perform the best in the considered scenario.

  • Price bubbles in commodity market – A single time series and panel data analysis
    • Marcin Potrykus
    2023 Full text QUARTERLY REVIEW OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE

    This paper examines thirty-five commodities, grouped into three market sectors (energy, metals, agriculture & livestock) in terms of the occurrence of price bubbles. The study was based on monthly data for each commodity separately and, in a panel approach, for selected sectors and for all commodities combined. The GSADF test and its version for panel data – panel GSADF – were used to identify bubbles. The beginning and end of the detected price bubbles were also determined. No price bubbles were found for commodities such as Bananas, Cocoa or Orange juice, while tin, tobacco and gold were identified as the commodities most prone to bubbles. Also, a distinction was made between those commodities characterized by short and infrequent periods of price bubbles (five commodities) and those characterized by frequent and usually lasting for at least six months periods of bubbles (eighteen commodities). The panel confirmed that the energy and metals sectors are exposed to periods of bubbles more frequently and for longer than the agriculture & livestock sector. For all identified panels, a clear impact of the financial crisis of 2008 and the European debt crisis on the emergence of commodity bubbles was found.

  • Probabilistic assessment of SMRFs with infill masonry walls incorporating nonlinear soil-structure interaction
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Neda Asgarkhani
    • Robert Jankowski
    2023 Full text Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering

    Infill Masonry Walls (IMWs) are used in the perimeter of a building to separate the inner and outer space. IMWs may affect the lateral behavior of buildings, while they are different from those partition walls that separate two inner spaces. This study focused on the seismic vulnerability assessment of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRFs) assuming different placement of IMWs incorporating nonlinear Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI). The aim is to explore the damage states of IMWs and use their ability for improving the vulnerability of SMRFs. For this purpose, the three, five, seven, and nine story levels (3-Story, 5-Story, 7-Story, and 9-Story) SMRFs were modeled considering four soil types. Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) were performed to determine the seismic performance limit-state capacities of SMRFs considering the Far-Fault (FF) record subset suggested by FEMA P695. To accurately model the influence of IMWs on the seismic response of SMRFs, a Tcl programming algorithm was developed to intelligently monitor the damage states of IMWs in each floor level. Results of the analysis show that assuming different placement of IMWs can significantly increase the seismic limit-state capacities of SMRFs with and without considering SSI effects. In addition, IMWs can play a crucial role to improve the seismic performances as well as the seismic collapse probability, which may be suggested for retrofitting purposes.

  • Probabilistic estimation of diverse soil condition impact on vertical axis tank deformation
    • Kamil Żyliński
    • Jarosław Górski
    2023 Full text Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences-Technical Sciences

    The calculations of fuel tanks should take into account the geometric imperfections of the structure as well as the variability of the material parameters of the foundation. The deformation of the tank shell can have a significant impact on the limit state of the structure and its operating conditions. The paper presents a probabilistic analysis of a vertical-axis, floating-roof cylindrical shell of a tank with a capacity of 50000 m3 placed on stratified soil with heterogeneous material parameters. The impact of a random subsoil description was estimated using the Point Estimated Method (PEM). In this way, the number of analyzed FEM models was significantly reduced. This approach also makes it possible to assess the sensitivity of tank settlement and deformation to the changing foundation conditions.

  • Probability distribution of flicker noise in AuNPdecorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diode
    • Janusz Smulko
    • Andrzej Kwiatkowski
    • Katarzyna Drozdowska
    • Lars Österlund
    • Tesfalem Welearegay
    • Adil Rehman
    • Sergey Rumyantsev
    2023

    We present results of the probability distribution analysis of flicker noise generated in Au nanoparticle (AuNP) decorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diodes with and without yellow light illumination (592 nm), close to the localized surface plasmon resonance in the AuNPs (586 nm). The AuNPs occupy imperfections in the single-layer graphene and reduce the flicker noise intensity generated in the graphene layer. The estimated probability distribution exhibited an asymmetry shift when the sample was irradiated by yellow light (a 10-fold increase of the skewness coefficient). This effect is attributed to AuNPs collecting low-frequency fluctuations in the graphene layer and reducing 1/f noise.

  • Probiotic potential of Bacillus Isolates from Polish Bee Pollen and Bee Bread
    • Karolina Pełka
    • Ahmer Hafeez
    • Randy Worobo
    • Piotr Szweda
    2023 Full text Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins

    The main goal of this study was the evaluation of the probiotic potential of 10 Bacillus spp. strains isolated from 5 bee bread and 3 bee pollen samples. The antagonistic interaction with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was a primary criterion for the preliminary selection of the isolates. Three out of ten strains—PY2.3 (isolated from pollen), BP20.15 and BB10.1 (both isolated from bee bread)—were found to be possible probiotic strains. All these strains are safe for humans (exhibiting  -hemolytic activity) and meet all essential requirements for probiotics in terms of viability in the presence of bile salts and acid conditions, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, and co-aggregation with the cells of important human pathogenic bacteria. They also assimilate more than 30% of cholesterol after 24 h of incubation. These three isolates are resistant to penicillin but sensitive (or exhibit moderate resistance) to the other nine antibiotics tested herein. On the basis of whole-genome sequencing, BP20.15 and BB10.1 were classified as B. subtilis and PY2.3 as B. velezensis. Moreover, genomic analyses revealed that all these isolates are potential producers of different antimicrobial compounds, including bacteriocins and secondary metabolites. The outcomes of this study have proven that some of the Bacillus strains isolated from bee pollen or bee bread are potential probiotics.

  • Problem jakości powietrza wewnętrznego na przykładzie placówek opieki nad dziećmi
    • Małgorzata Rutkowska
    • Mariusz Marć
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Bożena Zabiegała
    2023

    Zgodnie z informacjami udostępnionymi przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia, zanieczyszczone powietrze, jest przyczyną siedmiu milionów przedwczesnych zgonów na całym świecie. Wciąż jednak w społeczeństwie panuje przeświadczenie, że największe ryzyko dla zdrowia człowieka płynie z oddychania powietrzem atmosferycznym, pomijając istotność jakości powietrza wewnętrznego, które może być zanieczyszczone w podobnym stopniu lub nawet w większym niż powietrze zewnętrzne. Jest to o tyle istotne, iż szacuje się, że człowiek przeciętnie spędza ok. 90% swojego czasu w pomieszczeniach wewnętrznych. W społeczeństwie można wyróżnić dwie podgrupy szczególnie podatne na niekorzystny wpływ, jaki wywiera zanieczyszczone powietrze na organizm człowieka, są to dzieci, oraz osoby starsze. Dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym są szczególnie narażone na działanie zanieczyszczeń obecnych w fazie gazowej nie tylko ze względu na nie w pełni rozwinięty układ oddechowy ale również ze względu na istotny stopień narażenia na kontakt z kurzem i materią zawieszoną czy długi czas przebywania w pomieszczeniach zamkniętych takich jak żłobki czy przedszkola. Głównym celem przeprowadzonych badań jest kompleksowa ocena stopnia narażenia dzieci na obecność cząstek materii zawieszonej, wybranych lotnych związków organicznych, rtęci i dwutlenku węgla w powietrzu wewnętrznym. Badania prowadzone były dwutorowo: w czasie rzeczywistym, bezpośrednio w placówkach, za pomocą dedykowanego przenośnego sprzętu pomiarowego, oraz w laboratorium, gdzie pobrane próbki powietrza zostały poddane wieloczynnikowej analizie. Placówki będące obiektem badań zlokalizowane były w różnych regionach Polski i zostały wyselekcjonowane na podstawie stopnia zurbanizowania, zalesienia i zanieczyszczenia powietrza atmosferycznego.

  • Problemy niepewności i integracji w przetwarzaniu danych o stanie emocjonalnym użytkownika komputera
    • Grzegorz Brodny
    2023 Full text

    Istnieje wiele programów automatycznego rozpoznawania emocji z pojedynczych modalności. Wykorzystują one różnorodne modele reprezentacji emocji, a także metody przetwarzania. Obecnie wyraźnie widoczny jest trend do wykorzystania analizy wielomodalnej oraz wielokanałowej, mającej na celu poprawę skuteczności rozpoznawania emocji oraz poprawę niezawodności. W dziedzinie automatycznego rozpoznawania emocji nie określono typowego modelu reprezentacji emocji ani typowej metody analizy wielomodalnej czy wielokanałowej. Celem pracy doktorskiej było zaproponowanie metody integracji danych o stanie emocjonalnym użytkowników komputerów, która uwzględnia różne programy, kanały dostępu oraz metody reprezentacji emocji, a także kontekstową niepewność pomiarów symptomów emocji. Autor pracy zaproponował nową metodę integracji składającą się z wzorca architektonicznego Scoreboard, metody kwantyfikacji niepewności oszacowania emocji oraz algorytmu integracji informacji o stanie emocjonalnym, opartego o miarę niepewności. Zaproponowane rozwiązanie zapewnia modularność i adaptowalność poprzez zastosowane paradygmaty obiektowe, pozwala na łatwą integrację umożliwiającą wykorzystanie rozwiązań napisanych w różnych technologiach, cechuje się odpornością na nieprawidłowe dane wejściowe oraz nieprawidłowe działania komponentów, dzięki zastosowaniu ich dynamicznej oceny w czasie działania programu. Zaproponowana metoda kwantyfikacji pozwala na liczbową reprezentację niepewności. Z kolei zaproponowana metoda integracji informacji o stanie emocjonalnym wyznacza poziom wiarygodności odpowiadający jakości danych wejściowych, a także zgodności danych z poszczególnych kanałów obserwacji takich jak zgodności informacji o stanie emocjonalnym z dwóch kamer. W ramach ewaluacji zaproponowanego rozwiązania wykorzystano trzy metody badawcze: eksperymenty na zaetykietowanym emocjonalnie zbiorze danych SEMAINE, symulacje przypadków brzegowych przygotowane przez autora pracy, eksperymenty oraz studium przypadku z wykorzystaniem danych z badania przeprowadzonego na Politechnice Gdańskiej na stanowisku Monitora Emocji. Przeprowadzono dziewięć eksperymentów, pięć symulacji oraz studium przypadku Monitora Emocji, co pozwoliło na walidację postawionych tez. Wykorzystywanymi w badaniach modalnościami były analiza mimiki twarzy, analiza prozodii głosu oraz analiza ładunku emocjonalnego tekstu. Za pomocą zaproponowanej wielomodalnej analizy uzyskano poprawę niezawodności.

  • Process control of air stream deodorization from vapors of VOCs using a gas sensor matrix conducted in the biotrickling filter (BTF)
    • Dominik Dobrzyniewski
    • Bartosz Szulczyński
    • Piotr Rybarczyk
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2023 Full text Archives of Environmental Protection

    This article presents the validity, advisability and purposefulness of using a gas sensor matrix to monitor air deodorization processes carried out in a peat-perlite-polyurethane foam-packed biotrickling filter. The aim of the conducted research was to control the effectiveness of air stream purification from vapors of hydrophobic compounds, i.e., n-hexane and cyclohexane. The effectiveness of hydrophobic n-hexane and cyclohexane removal from air was evaluated using gas chromatography as the reference method and a custom built gas sensor matrix consisting of seven commercially available sensors. The influence of inlet loading (IL) of n-hexane and cyclohexane on the biotrickling filtration performance was investigated. The prepared sensor matrix was calibrated with use of two statistical techniques: Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Principal Component Regression (PCR). The developed mathematical models allowed us to correlate the multidimensional signal from the sensor array with the concentration of the removed substances. The results based on gas chromatography analyses indicated that the elimination efficiencies of n-hexane and cyclohexane reached about 40 and 30 g m-3 h-1, respectively. The results obtained using a gas sensor matrix revealed that it was possible not only to determine concentration reliably of investigated hydrophobic volatile organic compounds in the gas samples, but also to obtain results of a similar high level of quality as the chromatographic ones. A gas sensor matrix proposed in this work can be used for on-line real-time monitoring of biofiltration process performance of air polluted with n-hexane and cyclohexane.

  • Processing, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of GTR Modified by SBS Copolymers
    • Agnieszka Susik
    • Agata Rodak
    • Javier Cañavate
    • Xavier Colom
    • Shifeng Wang
    • Krzysztof Formela
    2023 Full text Materials

    In this work, ground tire rubber (GTR) was thermo-mechanically treated in the presence of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymers. During preliminary investigation, the effects of different SBS copolymer grades, the variable content of SBS copolymer on the Mooney viscosity, and the thermal and mechanical properties of modified GTR were determined. Subsequently, GTR modified by SBS copolymer and cross-linking agents (sulfur-based system and dicumyl peroxide) was characterized by assessment of rheological, physico-mechanical, and morphological properties. Rheological investigations showed that linear SBS copolymer, with the highest melt flow rate among studied SBS grades, was the most promising modifier of GTR, considering processing behavior. It was also observed that an SBS improves the thermal stability of the modified GTR. However, it was found that higher content of SBS copolymer (above 30 wt%) does not bring any effective changes and, for economic reasons, is inefficient. The results showed that samples based on GTR modified by SBS and dicumyl peroxide have better processability and slightly higher mechanical properties compared to samples cross-linked by a sulfur-based system. This is due to the affinity of dicumyl peroxide to the co-cross-linking of GTR and SBS phases.

  • Production of Biogas from Distillation Residue as a Waste Material from the Distillery Industry in Poland
    • Otton K. Roubinek
    • Anna Wilińska-Lisowska
    • Magdalena Jasinska
    • Krzysztof Czerwionka
    • Andrzej G. Chmielewski
    2023 Full text ENERGIES

    In this paper, the possibility to obtain an alternative source of energy from methane fermentation, catalysed by biomass, has been discussed in detail. As a main substrate, the distillation residue from the distillery industry was taken in the case of mono-fermentation and its co-fermentation with sewage sludge. The results showed that higher biogas and methane production can be obtained in a mono-fermentation process. Fermentation lasted for 23 days, and during this time, 333.14 and 249.64 L/kg VS of the total biogas for mono- and co-fermentation was subsequently obtained, which gives around 63% and 50% of methane in both types of the process, respectively. Additionally, to interpret the experimental data obtained and to predict the trend of the accumulation curves, a simple Gompertz model has been applied. The application of the Gompertz model has enabled us to estimate some important parameters with a strict physical meaning, namely, the maximum production value of the biogas and its components, the production rate of a given gas, as well as the incubation phase time. Finally, an approximate analysis of the potential volume of biogas production was also carried out, based on the mass of distillation residue produced annually in Poland.

  • Productivity effects of trade in natural resources—comparison with mechanisms of technological specialisation
    • Zuzanna Helena Zarach
    • Aleksandra Parteka
    2023 Full text WORLD ECONOMY

    This paper compares two alternative growth paths, assessing the effects on productivity of specialisation in natural resources (NR) and in technologically advanced products. The empirical analysis exploits product-level export data for 109 developing and 51 developed economies over the period 1996–2018. We document two distinct types of specialisation, based on exports either of natural resources or of technological products, and compare their role in labour productivity growth by GMM estimation of a conditional convergence model. In general, natural resource exports weakly slow down growth but we find that the type of resources exported is important: Metals enhance productivity catch-up and can stimulate growth in developing countries. Technological specialisation, especially in products typical of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, reinforces productivity growth but does not affect natural resources–productivity growth relationship.

  • PROGRAM BADAŃ DIAGNOSTYCZNYCH MODELU TURBOZESPOŁU WIATROWEGO W MAŁEJ SKALI
    • Zbigniew Korczewski
    2023 Full text Journal of Polish CIMEEAC

    W artykule przybliżono wybrane problemy eksploatacyjne morskich turbozespołów wiatrowych uzasadniających podjęcie badań diagnostycznych na modelu w małej skali w zakresie identyfikacji symptomów i syndromów najczęściej występujących uszkodzeń ich układów mechanicznych. W zaproponowanym programie badań eksperymentalnych przyjęto koncepcję obserwacji realizowanych procesów energetycznych: podstawowych i towarzyszących, przy zastosowaniu metod tensometrycznych, optoelektronicznych, wibroakustycznych oraz termowizyjnych. Przedstawiono schemat ideowy budowanego stanowiska laboratoryjnego turbozespołu wiatrowego napędzanego generatorem strumienia powietrza (wiatru) o regulowanej wydajności. Przewiduje się możliwość faktycznego wprowadzania zmian w strukturze konstrukcyjnej turbozespołu, odwzorowujących znane i rozpoznawalne stany niezdatności eksploatacyjnej charakterystyczne dla konstrukcji morskich. Relacje diagnostyczne wyznaczane na drodze realizacji eksperymentów czynnych stanowić będą dane wejściowe dla systemu ekspertowego wspierającego proces wnioskowania o stanie technicznym testowanego turbozespołu wiatrowego. Istnieje możliwość przeniesienia wyników badań modelowych na obiekty rzeczywiste - pełnowymiarowe turbozespoły wiatrowe.