2025 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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On a fully three-dimensional bending analysis of very thick smart composite cube-like bulk structures
- Mohammad Malikan
- Shahriar Dastjerdi
- Victor Eremeev
- Mehran Kadkhodayan
2025 Pełny tekst COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
Here we discuss the behaviour of very thick composite plates considering electro-magneto-elastic coupling of various types using fully three-dimensional (3D) kinematics. Published research highlights a lack of studies on the 3D mechanics of smart composite plates that integrate both higher-order (flexoelectric/flexomagnetic) and lower-order (piezoelectric/piezomagnetic) multiple physical fields (electro-magneto-elastic). The common approach to achieving the targeted and desired mechanical behavior within such composites could involve using structural elements. This gap can potentially be addressed by amalgamating the term ∂/∂z with the 2D governing equations of plates. This expression indicates alterations in thickness, in which z is the coordinate dedicated to the thickness. The governing equations can be created by operating on the variational method which enables us to establish and settle the 3D bending equations of the bulk structure. The pointed-out equations have been influenced by the implementation of additional hypotheses, such as von Kármán’s strain and complicated 3D tensor relations. Inserting the term ∂/∂z into the mathematical model renders that the analytical solution techniques are unable to assist us in obtaining numerical results. Consequently, a semi-analytical solving method grounded on the polynomial phrases facilitates the acquisition of the required solution. This fully 3D bending study of very thick piezocomposite cube-like bulk structures (CBS) can be an original reference in the field of mechanics of intelligent plate-like structures.
On nonlinear 3D electro-elastic numerical modeling of two-phase inhomogeneous FG piezocomposites reinforced with GNPs
- Mohammad Malikan
- Shahriar Dastjerdi
- Magdalena Rucka
- Mehran Kadkhodayan
2025 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE
The novelty here comes from not only the perfect nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) electro-elasticity investigation but also the mixed material itself. The literature widely showed mechanical assessments on the piezoelectric structures; however, a lack of nonlinear three-dimensional elasticity studies has been witnessed on these kinds of smart materials. Therefore, a nonlinear 3D elasticity-piezoelectricity coupling is considered in this study. What is more, this research brings about an era in the field of sensing manufacturing such as sensors and actuators by proposing the construction of these devices in an advanced composite framework. The piezoelectric medium can be electro-mechanically improved with the aggregation of graphene platelets/nanoplatelets (GPLs/GNPs) based on the functionally graded (FG) composition. The assumption for such a smart composite has been made to provide higher flexibility smart tools while their elastic strength can also get further. To accomplish this, the derivation of a rigorous mathematical model has come out for a transversely isotropic inhomogeneous FG-piezoelectric beam-like sensor/actuator using 3D kinematic displacements, geometrically nonlinear strains, Lagrange technique, 3D stress-strains tensors, linear elastic material, and in particular Halpin-Tsai micro-mechanic model. Numerical modeling has been built by the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) technique. A comprehensive parametric study has also been established for intelligent FG beams.
Optimal bandgap of a single-junction photovoltaic cell for the mobile Internet-of-Things
- Grażyna Jarosz
- Ryszard Signerski
2025 iScience
The procedure for determining the maximum power of a single-junction photovoltaic cell operating in various types of lighting is presented. This is a key issue for photovoltaics powering the mobile Internet-of-Things (IoTs). The simulations performed are based on the detailed balance principle, without any of simplifying assumptions included in the Shockley-Queisser model. Optimal energy bandgap for diffuse solar light was found to be 1.64 eV with a cutoff generated power of 37.3 W/m2. For the LED lighting considered in this work, the optimal energy bandgap and maximum power limit are 1.86 eV, 1.63 W/m2 and 1.79 eV, 1.51 W/m2 for cool and warm lighting, respectively, at 900 lux. Considering that the maximum power limit of diffuse solar radiation is much higher than the limit for LED lighting, we concluded that 1.64 eV is the optimal bandgap for most mobile IoT devices operating outdoors all or almost all the time.
Optimization of constitutive law for objective numerical modeling of knitted fabric
- Agnieszka Tomaszewska
- Daniil Reznikov
2025 JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
This paper discusses the problem of macroscopic modeling a knitted technical fabric with the aim to determine a constitutive law for adequately modeling the material response under real-life load. As phenomenological, hyperelastic material laws reveal different parameters due to different test modalities used to identify such parameters, an optimization scheme is proposed to determine an objective solution. The study is conducted for three medical textiles which are differentiated by anisotropy ratios and designed to cover abdominal hernia. The optimization parameters are defined by a constitutive law and the bi-axial test modality. State variables are taken from ex-vivo reference tests on ‘operated’ hernia models subjected to simulated real-life loads generated by post-operative coughs. The objective function is different for isotropic and anisotropic mesh. However, in both cases a numerical model of a mesh placed in the abdominal wall with different variants of the constitutive law is used. The model is constructed according to the finite element method framework. The objective function for isotropic mesh is defined by the variance of reaction forces in mesh fixation points, calculated in the numerical model, while for anisotropic mesh, it is generated by the difference between angles which determine the position of maximal reaction force in the numerical and experimental reference models. Three constitutive laws and five modalities of bi-axial tests are considered. This analysis proves the need for a constitutive model, itself validated by a suitable reference test, instead of an arbitrary decision on bi-axial test modality selected to identify the material law parameters. These conclusions may help to increase the reliability of numerical modeling of operated hernia and increase the effectiveness of hernia treatment
Optimizing conductivity in Na-V-Te-O glass through controlled heat treatment
- Michalina Wanat
- Piotr Okoczuk
- Marcin Łapiński
- Barbara Kościelska
- Stefania Wolff
- Sharafat Ali
- Natalia Wójcik
2025 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
Semiconducting Na2O-V2O5-TeO2 glasses with various Na2O contents were melted and subjected to controlled heating to improve conductivity. Topography analysis were performed using confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy on both as-quenched and heat-treated samples. X-ray diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of the samples post-melting, with subsequent heating resulting in the formation of nanocrystallites primarily composed of vanadium ions. The Na2O addition caused progressive depolymerization of the tellurite-vanadate network, as evidenced by IR spectroscopy, although heating exhibited an opposing effect, particularly noticeable in vanadate-related bands. Thermal properties revealing a decrease in the glass transition temperature, crystallization process, and thermal stability with increasing sodium ion concentration. Electrical properties were investigated using impedance spectroscopy, which enabled determination of DC conductivity values, polaron jump energies, and disturbance energies in the samples. The electrical conductivity mechanisms were described as mixed ionic-polaronic, with polaron hopping predominating. Heat treatment significantly enhanced polaron conductivity and altered its nature.
Optimizing nature-based solutions for urban flood risk mitigation: A multi-objective genetic algorithm approach in Gdańsk, Poland
- Anahita Azadgar
- Artur Gańcza
- Sina Razzaghi Asl
- Stefano Salata
- Lucyna Nyka
2025 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Nature-based Solutions (NbS) have emerged as a sustainable approach to managing flood risks by enhancing natural water retention and reducing surface runoff in urban areas. As climate change and rapid urbanization exacerbate flood hazards, optimizing the spatial deployment of NbS is crucial for improving urban resilience and mitigating flood impacts. This study presents a comprehensive optimization framework for the spatial allocation of fourteen different NbS types aimed at mitigating urban flood risks in Gdańsk, Poland. Leveraging a genetic algorithm alongside the Urban Flood Risk Mitigation (UFRM) model of the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) software suite, we identified areas of the city most vulnerable to pluvial flooding and optimized NbS placement to maximize water retention and reduce runoff. The optimization process balanced multiple objectives, including minimizing implementation costs and maximizing water retention capacity, ensuring that the solutions are both economically feasible and environmentally effective. Three distinct scenarios were proposed: a cost-effective solution, a high-retention solution, and a balanced solution, offering urban planners a range of strategies to address flood risks based on their specific priorities and constraints. Results demonstrated considerable variations in water retention effectiveness across different NbS configurations, with denser urban regions showing the most significant improvements from targeted interventions. The optimized placement of NbS resulted in estimated total water retention improvement of approximately 15.5 % for the best solution considered. These findings provide valuable insights for integrating NbS into urban flood management strategies, enhancing citywide resilience, sustainability, and long-term flood mitigation.
Photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide nanorods incorporated graphitic carbon nitride catalyst
- Shanmugapriya Dharani
- Arunachalam Saravana Vadivu
- Anna Zielińska-Jurek
- Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Md Ramesh
- Matias Soto-Moscoso
2025 Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers
Background Photocatalysts are user-friendly and serve as compatible materials for degrading industrial dye pollutants. This study utilizes zinc oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (ZnO/g-C3N4) nanocomposites against degrading methylene blue (MB). Methods The hydrothermal method assisted sonication technique was used to fabricate the ZnO/g-C3N4 composite with varying ratios of ZnO/g-C3N4 (1:0.25, 1:0.50, 1:1). The synthesized materials have undergone various sophisticated techniques for finding their physiochemical properties and have been utilized for photodegradation activities. Significant findings The characterized results exhibit that the nanoflakes of g-C3N4 were covered with nanorods of zinc oxide when observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies demonstrate that the ZnO/g-C3N4 material was successfully synthesized. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed the present oxidation states and chemical bonding of the materials. The photocatalytic activity results demonstrated that the concentration of ZnO molar ratio in varying g-C3N4 significantly affected the decomposition performance. The ZnO/g-C3N4 (1:0.50) presented a higher rate of degradation, reaching 92% at 120 minutes under UV light and 65% at 240 minutes under visible light irradiation. This could be explained by the mechanism that follows the separation of charge carriers, thereby producing hydroxyl radicals for the effective degradation of MB pollutants.
Physicochemical properties of La0.5Ba0.5Co1-xFexO3-δ (0≤x≤1) as positrode for proton ceramic electrochemical cells
- Sebastian Wachowski
- Iga Szpunar
- Joanna Pośpiech
- Daria Balcerzak
- Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
- Małgorzata Nadolska-Dawidowska
- María Balaguer
- José M Serra
- Einar Vøllestad
- Maria Gazda
- Ragnar Strandbakke
- Truls Norby
2025 ACTA MATERIALIA
We report on essential properties of materials in the series La0.5Ba0.5Co1-xFexO3-δ as positrodes for proton ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs). The unit cell and thermochemical expansion coefficient (TCEC) of these cubic perovskites decrease with iron content x, the TCEC of La0.5Ba0.5FeO3-δ going as low as 11·10-6 1/K. The materials behave as LaMO3 perovskites with small band gaps and Ba acting as acceptors compensated by electron holes and oxygen vacancies. The electrical properties are dominated by p-type conduction with high large polaron mobilities for the Co-rich compositions at low temperatures, shifting towards small polaron mobilities with increasing Fe content. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) shows that Co is in a high spin state and takes on the main part of the cation oxidation state changes, and that hole states are in orbitals overlapping with the O 2p states, confirming the large polaronic behaviour, while holes on Fe are more localised at the cation. Hydration is more pronounced in inert atmospheres, as hydration of oxygen vacancies is easier than hydrogenation and increases with Fe content, in line with the commonly accepted finding that delocalization of holes disfavours protonation. Fe-rich compositions benefit from lower TCEC and higher hydration and hence expected proton permeability, at the cost of lower electronic conductivity. The surfaces are hydrophobic irrespective of Fe content, suggesting weak chemisorption of the underlaying water layer, possibly giving relatively many available surface sites for oxygen adsorption, but limited surface proton conductance – both of importance to positrodes for operando PCECs.
Polymer Materials for U-Shaped Optic Fiber Sensors: A Review
- Patryk Sokołowski
- Jacek Łubiński
- Paweł Wierzba
- Jakub Czubek
- Piotr Miluski
- Filip Janiak
- Shanyue Guan
- Małgorzata Szczerska
2025 Photonics
Fiber optic sensors have gained popularity over the last few decades. This is due to their numerous advantages, such as good metrological parameters, biocompatibility and resistance to magnetic and electric fields and environmental pollution. However, those built from glass fiber have one main disadvantage—they are fragile, meaning they can be easily damaged, even by the presence of vibration. Due to the great progress made by material research recently, it is possible to build such a sensor with polymer fibers instead. Although those fibers have worse transmission parameters compared to telecommunication fibers, they provide the possibility to realize flexible fiber optic sensors. Taking into consideration other advantages of such fibers, including biocompatibility, electromagnetic resistance and even, biodegradation characteristics, as well as there being a variety of materials we can use, it can be seen that those materials are beneficial to produce fiber optic sensors. This paper aims to provide researchers with guidelines on the factors to consider when choosing a material for bent fiber optic sensors, depending on the application.
Polymer-Enhanced Active Layer Crystallization in Low-Temperature Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
- Shih-Han Huang
- Yu-Hsiang Chen
- Hou-Chin Cha
- Damian Głowienka
- Ming-Chung Wu
- Yu-Ching Huang
2025 ENERGY & FUELS
High-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are emerging as a promising next-generation, low-cost, photovoltaic technology. A key advantage of PSCs is their compatibility with diverse manufacturing techniques, enabling the pursuit of low-cost, stable PSCs. Carbon electrodes, known for their scalability, chemical inertness, and ease of processing through screen printing, have recently seen the development of low-temperature carbon electrodes with high conductivity for use in PSCs. However, optimizing low-temperature carbon-based PSCs (LTC-PSCs), particularly improving the interface between the perovskite and carbon electrodes, remains a significant challenge. In this study, poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) was employed as an additive and a hole-transporting layer (HTL) in LTC-PSCs with low-temperature screen-printing carbon electrodes. The incorporation of P3HT in antisolvent improved the perovskite/carbon interface, reducing the defect density of the perovskite layer. This resulted in a significant average power conversion efficiency (PCE) improvement of 11%. The LTC-PSCs achieved a PCE of 10.90% and demonstrated exceptional stability, retaining 90% of initial PCE after 1200 h under ambient air. This research highlights the potential of LTC-PSCs as low-cost strategies for the commercialization of PSCs.
Power Transmission for Millimeter-Wave Indoor/Outdoor Wearable IoT Devices Using Grounded Coplanar Waveguide-Fed On-Body Antenna
- Fuad Erman
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Alhareth Zyoud
- Leifur Leifsson
- Ullah Ubaid
- Shaker Alkaraki
2025 IEEE Access
This paper presents for the first-time evaluation of wireless power transmission (WPT) for sustainable low-powered Internet of Things (IoT) devices in realistic indoor/outdoor scenarios using empirical propagation models at 28 GHz. The used empirical propagation models have shown that using an on-body 9×9 mm-wave rectenna array based on a proposed mm-wave antenna is able to charge IoT devices at a distance of 57 m for line-of-sight (LOS) indoor temporal environment, and at a distance of 10 m for LOS outdoor tropical propagation model using a base station with 53 dBm transmission power. Furthermore, the mm-wave on-body 9×9 rectenna array occupies an area equal to that of a single UHF rectenna, while collecting 17-fold more power. In addition, the article discusses the design and experimental results of a single-element on-body mm-wave antenna used to design the 9×9 rectenna array. The proposed mm-wave antenna is a single-layer low-profile structure. Furthermore, the antenna has a stable gain of over 9.5 dBi and a wide beamwidth. The on-body antenna structure consists of rectangular multi-slot patch fed by a 50 Ω grounded coplanar waveguide (GCPW) line. Employing the multi-slot configuration results in a wearable antenna’s impedance bandwidth of 3.73 GHz. The peak measured gain of the antenna is 10.5 for chest/arm-mounted case in the operating 28 GHz N257 5G band. The antenna’s radiation pattern forms a wide off-body forward direction beam. A prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and validated experimentally for both cases on a human volunteer arm/chest and in the free space. The size of the proposed structure is small and can collect power with high efficiency due to the short wavelength of millimeter wave (mm-wave) in contrast to UHF antennas.
Predicting a passenger ship's response during evasive maneuvers using Bayesian Learning
- Mateusz Gil
- Jakub Montewka
- Przemysław Krata
2025 Pełny tekst RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
The rapidly advancing automation of the maritime industry – for instance, through onboard Decision Support Systems (DSS) – can facilitate the introduction of advanced solutions supporting the process of collision avoidance at sea. Nevertheless, relevant solutions that aim to correctly predict a ship's behavior in irregular waves are only available to a limited extent by omitting the impact of wave stochastics on resulting evasive maneuvers. This is mainly due to the complexity of the phenomena, the existing couplings therein, and the time inefficacy in resolving the problem through real-time simulations. Therefore, this paper attempts to fill this knowledge gap by presenting a probabilistic, data-driven meta-model trained using an extensive set of 6DOF numerical simulations of vessel motions in irregular waves. For this purpose, machine learning adopting causal probabilistic modeling with Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) was employed. The latter offers two-way reasoning in the presence of uncertainty and provides insight into the meta-model's outcome. This, in turn, helps estimate a set of safety-critical parameters for a large passenger ship performing an evasive maneuver. This set comprises a huge quantity of ship turning circle parameters as well as the hull's rotational motions and resulting lateral accelerations, all simulated multiple times to consider the stochastic realization of the waves. The proposed meta-model can be used to assist watchkeeping officers’ decisions or raise their awareness concerning the possible consequences of evasive maneuvers performed. The achieved accuracy of the meta-model's prediction lies within a range from 81% to 98%, which makes it suitable for this purpose.
Quality Evaluation of Small Features Fabricated by Fused Filament Fabrication Method
- Dawid Zieliński
- Mariusz Deja
- Rui Zhu
2025 Pełny tekst Materials
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the quality of small features fabricated by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. The samples containing circular and square cross-sections through holes with different dimensions, lengths, and orientation angles were printed from ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) filament. The adopted optical inspection method allowed us to conduct observations of individual features and their measurements. The image processing software was used to determine the accuracy of the dimensions and shape of different cross-sections. Feret’s diameters were used for the evaluation of shape accuracy by comparing them with theoretical dimensions assumed in a 3DCADmodel. Considering the relationship between the real and theoretical dimensions of different features, general empirical equations for predicting the equivalent dimensions were developed. The proposed method of the quality evaluation of small features can be easily implemented and widely applied to other features, especially internal holes with different cross-sections made using various additive manufacturing methods.
Quality of Consumed Energy as a Key Element in the Development of Processes of Energy Transformation in the European Union Countries
- Beata Bieszk-Stolorz
- Krzysztof Dmytrów
- Michał Pietrzak
2025 ENERGIES
The process of energy transformation is one of the crucial elements of the process of improvement of the quality of consumed energy. The aim of the research is to assess the European Union countries in terms of the quality of their consumed energy and the speed of adaptation of this aspect of the energy transformation process. We assess the quality of consumed energy by means of the synthetic measure obtained by means of the dynamic version of the COmplex PRoportional ASsessment (COPRAS) method. We compare the countries with the dynamics of the energy transformation process by means of the dynamic time warping method and the hierarchical clustering. Obtained results indicate the best countries with respect to the quality of consumed energy were Malta, Austria, and Germany, and the worst ones—Poland, Czechia, and Slovakia. The process of energy transformation was evolving in the right direction—the quality of consumed energy increased. This increase was the fastest in Malta, Luxembourg, and Poland. The direction for future research is extending the set of variables to also consider other aspects of the energy transformation.
Reusable Biosensor for Easy RNA Detection from Unfiltered Saliva
- Paweł Wityk
- Agata Terebieniec
- Robert Nowak
- Jacek Łubiński
- Martyna Mroczyńska-Szeląg
- Tomasz Wityk
- Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak,
2025 SENSORS
Biosensors are transforming point-of-care diagnostics by simplifying the detection process and enabling rapid, accurate testing. This study introduces a novel, reusable biosensor designed for direct viral RNA detection from unfiltered saliva, targeting SARS-CoV-2. Unlike conventional methods requiring filtration, our biosensor leverages a unique electrode design that prevents interference from saliva debris, allowing precise measurements. The biosensor is based on electrochemical principles, employing oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a hydrophobic-coated electrode, which prevents air bubbles and salt crystal formation. During validation, the biosensor demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100%, accurately identifying SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples without false positives or negatives. Cross-validation with RT-qPCR, the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnostics, confirmed the reliability of our device. The biosensor’s performance was tested on 60 participants, yielding 12 true positive results and 48 true negatives, aligning perfectly with RT-qPCR outcomes. This reusable, easy-to-use biosensor offers significant potential for point-of-care applications in various healthcare settings, providing a fast, efficient, and cost-effective method for detecting viral infections such as COVID-19. Its robust design, minimal sample preparation requirements, and multiple-use capability mark a significant advancement in biosensing technology.
Secondary Structure in Free and Assisted Modeling of Proteins with the Coarse-Grained UNRES Force Field
- Emilia Lubecka
- Cezary Czaplewski
- Adam Sieradzan
- Agnieszka Lipska
- Lukasz Dziadek
- Adam Liwo
2025
Secondary structure is a solid scaffold on which the three-dimensional structure of a protein is built. Therefore, care must be taken to reproduce the secondary structure as accurately as possible in the simulations of protein systems. In this chapter, we summarize the physics-based energy terms that govern secondary-structure formation, the auxiliary restraints on secondary structure derived from bioinformatics and from the experimental data, and the role of those in the modeling of protein structures, dynamics, and thermodynamics with the physics-based coarse-grained UNRES force field. Examples illustrating the methodology discussed and further directions of development are presented.
Self-Calibrating Stress Measurement System Based on Multidirectional Barkhausen Noise Measurements
- Leszek Piotrowski
- Marek Chmielewski
2025 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION
The system presented in this paper enables automatization of the two-dimensional calibration process (determination of Barkhausen noise (BN) intensity dependence on in-plane components of strain). Then, using dedicated software created by the authors in LabVIEW environment, and with the help of two dimensional calibration data one can effectively determine strain and stress distribution i.e. magnitude and orientation of main strain/stress components relative to measurement direction. BN signal measurements are performed using an advanced, multidirectional Barkhausen noise (BN) measuring sensor and a measurement system dedicated for cooperation with it. The system uses a robust algorithm for the strain components determination based on calibration surfaces, instead of usually applied curves, thus taking the influence of normal strain component directly into account instead of treating it as a correction factor (if not completely neglecting). The originality of the system arises also from the fact that this is the first BN measurement system that is self-calibrating (i.e. automatically loads the calibration sample in a pre-programmed way, performs BN signal measurements and calculates calibration planes), provided that the user possesses enough of the investigated material for calibration sample preparation.
Silver and Silver/Sodium Bisphosphonate Salts: Rare Examples of Molecular Solid Solutions and Their Biological Activity as Dual-Action Compounds
- Karolina Gutmańska
- Michał Bartmański
- Anna Ronowska
- Marta Prześniak-Welenc
- Piotr Szweda
- Sebastian Demkowicz
- Mikołaj Walter
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- Anna Dołęga
2025 CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are an important treatment for osteoporosis and bone metastases due to their low toxicity, high thermostability, and the ability to inhibit bone resorption. Notably, BPs like alendronate, which contain a primary amine group, exhibit potent antiresorptive and antiangiogenic properties. Recent studies have focused on enhancing the BP properties by incorporating bioactive metals to increase their therapeutic potential. Here, we describe the synthesis and physicochemical properties of new silver etidronate and alendronate salts. Our research demonstrates the potential of silver bisphosphonate complexes in promoting osteoblast viability while exhibiting significant antimicrobial activity. Moreover, silver/sodium alendronates turned out to be rare examples of molecular solid solutions that allow the adjustment of the concentration of potentially cytotoxic silver cations within the obtained compounds.
Spatial allocation of nature-based solutions in the form of public green infrastructure in relation to the socio-economic district profile–a GIS-based comparative study of Gdańsk and Rome
- Anahita Azadgar
- Giulia Luciani
- Lucyna Nyka
2025 LAND USE POLICY
With increasing environmental and climate change threats to urban areas, Nature-based Solutions (NbS), including public greenery, are becoming integral components of green infrastructure (GI) networks. These solutions provide multiple benefits in different aspects, including stormwater management, enhanced air quality and improved societal well-being, offering cost-effective and adaptable alternatives to resource-intensive and environmentally harmful grey infrastructure. However, their benefits are often unevenly distributed, resulting in patterns of environmental injustice. This article presents a GIS-based study of the spatial allocation of publicly accessible NbS (PNbS), in Gdansk, Poland, and Rome, Italy. It aims at assessing possible correlations between the socio-economic attributes of the urban districts of the two cities and the density of available PNbS in each district. Results indicate disparities in density of PNbS across different socio-economic layers, more relevant in Rome than in Gdansk, and highlight the importance of informed urban planning. The study supports concerns for fair NbS distribution, pointing to the potential exacerbation of social and economic inequalities, which puts socially vulnerable communities at higher risk of being affected by climate hazards. The results provide insights for policymakers, urging a prioritized focus on districts with crucial PNbS needs. Strategies should consider socio-economic factors to address distributive and environmental justice concerns. Overall, the study offers insights to guide urban planning toward climate-resilient and inclusive cities.
Spectrophotometric determination of chlorpyrifos in foodstuffs after vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction using magnetic deep eutectic solvents: Analytical greenness profile
- Nail Altunay
- Adil Elik
- Hameed Haq
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2025 JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
In this work a novel and green vortex-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction (VA-SEEME) based on magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDESs) was developed for the determination of chlorpyrifos in foodstuffs by UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis. MDES (trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride: MnCl2: octanoic acid) was used as the extractant, non-ionic surfactant Tween-80 was used as an extraction medium, and ethanol as the eluent solvent. In the VA-MDES-SEEME procedure, a vortex was applied for agitation, and a neodymium magnet was used to separate the MDES from the aqueous solution. Under optimized conditions, a linear dynamic range was obtained in the range of 0.3–260 µg L−1 with a detection limit of 0.09 µg L−1. The intraday and interday precisions of the method, defined as relative standard deviation, ranged from 1.3 % to 2.5 %. The recovery of the spiked sample after the VA-MDES-SEEME procedure ranged from 88±6 % to 98±1 %, and the enrichment factor was obtained as 91-fold. The VA-MDES-SEEME procedure was validated by analysis of the certified reference materials including 7507a-Green Onion and 7508a-Cabbage. The VA-MDES-SEEME procedure is based on inexpensive equipment and green chemicals and is compatible with UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis. The green profile of the VA-MDES-SEEME procedure within the scope of the current study was calculated as 0.71 using AGREE.