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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2019

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  • Regulator rozmyty o właściwościach regulatora trójpołożeniowego
    • Jacek Zawalich
    2019 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    Regulatory trójpołożeniowe są najprostszymi i najbardziej popularnymi regulatorami w układach automatyki, w których jako element wykonawczy zwykle stosuje się silnik elektryczny pracujący w sposób nawrotny. W takich układach jakość regulacji określa się m.in. poprzez analizę amplitudy i częstotliwości występujących oscylacji, przy zmianach wartości zadanej i wprowadzanych zakłóceniach. Referat jest próbą porównania otrzymywanej jakości regulacji w układzie z klasycznym regulatorem trójpołożeniowym oraz w układzie z regulatorem rozmytym, którego reguły wnioskowania mają realizować przybliżone właściwości regulatora trójpołożeniowego. W referacie przedstawione zostaną wyniki badań wykonane w programie Matlab-Simulink. Będą one odpowiedzią m.in.: na pytanie, czy regulator rozmyty może pracować podobnie jak regulator trójpołożeniowy.

  • RELACJE PRZESTRZENNE RZEKI I MIASTA ELBLĄG DAWNIEJ I DZIŚ
    • Justyna Breś
    2019

    Obecnie obserwuje się wzrost globalnego zainteresowania tematem transformacji opuszczonych terenów poportowych i odbudowy związku miast portowych z wodą. Zreformowanie dotychczasowego myślenia o tej relacji, która w wielu ośrodkach ulega stopniowemu osłabieniu, staje się kluczowe na drodze ich rozwoju. Chociaż negatywne zjawisko „odwrócenia się” miast od rzek zostało już szeroko rozpoznane w odniesieniu do metropolii takich jak Londyn, Hamburg czy Rotterdam, w przypadku miast średnich oraz małych temat ten pozostaje wciąż niewystarczająco zgłębiony. Elbląg jest przykładem miasta średniej wielkości o silnych korzeniach portowych, niegdyś rozwijającego się wokół rzeki Elbląg, stanowiącej swoisty kręgosłup dla narastającej tkanki urbanistycznej. Obecnie więź miasta z wodą jest tam ledwo zauważalna, a tereny nabrzeży nierzadko są zaniedbane. Elbląg boryka się z wieloma problemami natury ekonomicznej, społecznej i przestrzennej, a co więcej stoi on przed wyzwaniem w postaci konsekwencji projektu przekopu przez Mierzeję Wiślaną. Antidotum dla pogarszającej się sytuacji miasta może stanowić transformacja zaniedbanych terenów nadbrzeżnych oraz wykorzystanie możliwości, które daje usytuowanie nad rzeką.

  • Relationship between album cover design and music genres.
    • Aleksandra Dorochowicz
    • Bożena Kostek
    2019

    The aim of the study is to find out whether there exists a relationship between typographic, compositional and coloristic elements of the music album cover design and music contained in the album. The research study involves basic statistical analysis of the manually extracted data coming from the worldwide album covers. The samples represent 34 different music genres, coming from nine countries from around the world. There are several parameters which are taken under consideration, including, among others, countries where the album was released, types of used fonts and letter size, the composition of the design, as well as the coloristic types according to the color analysis rules. The paper starts with a short background describing color theory and analysis, as well as color psychology, cultural differences in it, and basics of the composition rules. Also, the possibility to automatically recognize music genres is recalled, based on the previous study performed by the authors. Then the statistical analysis is performed to find out similarities and differences between the analyzed album cover design parameters, and music genres and how music representing chosen genres and countries of the origin of music performers differ from one another. Also, examples of automatic music genre analysis are recalled along with the metrics obtained. Finally, future directions of the study carried out are outlined.

  • Relationship between conversion rate of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates/indoles and genotoxicity of individual parts of Brassica vegetables
    • Dominik Kołodziejski
    • Anna Piekarska
    • Franziska Hanschen
    • Tadeusz Pilipczuk
    • Marco Fabian Tietz
    • Barbara Kusznierewicz
    • Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
    2019 Full text EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

    The studies on the characterisation of glucosinolates (GLs) and their breakdown products in Brassicaceae species focus mainly on the edible parts. However, other products, e.g., dietary supplements, may be produced also from non-edible parts such as roots or early forms of growth: seeds or sprouts. Biological activity of these products depends on quantitative and qualitative GL composition, but is also strictly determined by GL conversion rate to chemopreventive isothiocyanates (ITC) and indoles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conversion rate of GLs to ITC and indoles for various plant parts of chosen Brassica species in relation to their biological activity. For this purpose, the composition of GLs and their degradation products was determined as well as activity of myrosinase. Toxicological part of studies involved: MTT assay, restriction analysis, comet assay and Ames test. The composition of GLs and conversion rate to ITC and indoles was found to differ significantly between Brassica species and individual parts of the plant. The highest efficiency of conversion was observed for edible parts of plants: more than 70%, while in sprouts, it reached less than 1%, though myrosinase activity did not differ. The conversion rate directly affected biological activity of plant material. Higher concentration of ITC/indoles in the sample led to the increase of cytotoxicity. Majority of tested samples were able to induce covalent DNA modification in cell-free system. It was also confirmed that the presence of indolic GLs and products of their degradation stimulated mutagenicity, but did not lead to DNA fragmentation in cultured cells.

  • Relationships between stakeholder pressure, culture, and CSR-practices in the context of project management in the construction industry in Poland
    • Rafał Kowalczyk
    2019 Full text

    The study aims to investigate how CSR-stakeholder pressure, CSR-company culture, and CSR-practices are related to one another based on the example of the construction industry in Poland. This knowledge will make it possible to assess which of the two factors, i.e., stakeholder culture or the internal company culture have a stronger effect on the CSR-practices. To accomplish the goal of the study a sample composed of 216 cases was examined using a structural equation modeling method. The findings suggest that stakeholder pressure is the most substantial influence power on CSR-practices within the construction industry in Poland.

  • Relativistic two-dimensional hydrogen-like atom in a weak magnetic field
    • Radosław Szmytkowski
    2019 ANNALS OF PHYSICS

    A two-dimensional (2D) hydrogen-like atom with a relativistic Dirac electron, placed in a weak, static, uniform magnetic field perpendicular to the atomic plane, is considered. Closed forms of the first- and second-order Zeeman corrections to energy levels are calculated analytically, within the framework of the Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory, for an arbitrary electronic bound state. The second-order calculations are carried out with the use of the Sturmian expansion of the two-dimensional generalized radial Dirac–Coulomb Green function derived in the paper. It is found that, in contrast to the case of the three-dimensional atom (Stefańska, 2015), in two spatial dimensions atomic magnetizabilities (magnetic susceptibilities) are expressible in terms of elementary algebraic functions of a nuclear charge and electron quantum numbers. The problem considered here is related to the Coulomb impurity problem for graphene in a weak magnetic field.

  • Reliability Analysis of Sea Cliff Slope Stability by Point Estimate Method
    • Jarosław Przewłócki
    • Lesław Zabuski
    • Karol Winkelmann
    2019 Full text IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

    The paper presents a reliability analysis of a sea cliff slope. The cliff, located in Jastrzębia Góra, is characterised by a complicated geological structure. Although currently stable, it is in fact close to the limit state. The objective of this paper is to present the point estimate method (PEM) of determining the mean value and standard deviation of the safety factor of the slope. Assuming its normal distribution, these statistical parameters make it possible to determine the probability of failure pf and the reliability index . In order to reduce the number of random variables, a sensitivity analysis was performed. The results were verified by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The main advantage of this approach is to minimize the number of sample calculations required to obtain estimators of the parameters investigated.

  • Reliability Analysis of Sea Cliff Slope Stability by Point Estimate Method
    • Jarosław Przewłócki
    • Lesław Zabuski
    • Karol Winkelmann
    2019 Full text

    The paper presents a reliability analysis of a sea cliff slope. The cliff, located in Jastrzębia Góra, is characterised by a complicated geological structure. Although currently stable, it is in fact close to the limit state. The objective of this paper is to present the point estimate method (PEM) of determining the mean value and standard deviation of the safety factor of the slope. Assuming its normal distribution, these statistical parameters make it possible to determine the probability of failure pf and the reliability index β. In order to reduce the number of random variables, a sensitivity analysis was performed. The results were verified by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The main advantage of this approach is to minimize the number of sample calculations required to obtain estimators of the parameters investigated.

  • Reliability of production machines in the bakery industry – theoretical and practical issues
    • Radosław Drozd
    2019 Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

    The aim of the article is to present probabilistic models, which were then used to analyze the reliability of production machines in the baking industry. The author conducted research in the period from January 2, 2016 to December 31, 2018 regarding the measurement of reliability of a traditional production system based on a probabilistic concept. Due to the limited scope of the article, reliability calculations for a set of thermo-oil furnaces with a graph of damage intensity in 2006-2018 and the predicted distribution of intensity functions in 2019-2026 have been presented.

  • Reliable data-driven modeling of high-frequency structures by means of nested kriging with enhanced design of experiments
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2019 ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS

    Data-driven (or approximation) surrogate models have been gaining popularity in many areas of engineering and science, including high-frequency electronics. They are attractive as a way of alleviating the difficulties pertinent to high computational cost of evaluating full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models of microwave, antenna, and integrated photonic components and devices. Carrying out design tasks that involve massive EM simulations, including optimization or uncertainty quantification, might be impractical or simply prohibitive. Shifting the computational burden onto the faster representations can mitigate the problem. However, construction of surrogates for high-frequency components is challenging due their highly nonlinear characteristics and wide ranges of operating conditions the models should be able to cover in order to be practically useful. A recently proposed nested kriging framework offers a remedy to these issues by focusing the modeling process on a small region of the parameter space, which contains designs that are of high quality with respect to the performance figures of interest. A result is considerable reduction of the number of training data samples necessary to build up the surrogate. This paper proposes an enhanced design of experiments scheme for nested modeling which further improves predictive power of the surrogate as demonstrated using a dual-band dipole antenna and a miniaturized impedance matching transformer. The accuracy improvement is up to 20 percent for the models constructed within wide ranges of geometry parameters and operating conditions of the respective structures.

  • Reliable Multi-Stage Optimization of Antennas for Multiple Performance Figures in Highly-Dimensional Parameter Spaces
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2019 IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

    Design of modern antenna structures needs to account for multiple performance figures and geometrical constraints. Fulfillment of these calls for the development of complex topologies described by a large number of parameters. EM-driven tuning of such designs is mandatory yet immensely challenging. In this letter, a new framework for multi-stage design optimization of multi-dimensional antennas with respect to several performance criteria is proposed. The approach is founded on the idea of identifying a feasible region of the search space through a series of local optimization runs with appropriate handling of individual objectives and design constraints. To facilitate local optimization, a procedure for finding a good starting point is proposed which involves sensitivity-based reduction of the problem dimensionality. For computational efficiency, the proposed design procedure is aided by surrogate modeling techniques. The proposed framework is demonstrated using a dual-band antenna with the enhanced gain. Our methodology is compared to alternative design approaches. The numerical results are validated experimentally.

  • Religious social action and its organizational profiles
    • Ángel Belzunegui-Eraso
    • David Duenas Cid
    • Inma Pastor-Gosálbez
    2019 Journal of Organizational Ethnography

    Purpose Social action implemented by the Church via its affiliated entities, foundations and associations may be viewed as a uniform activity. In reality, however, several organizational profiles exist that depend on the origin of these organizations (lay or religious), the scope of their activities (local or general) and their dependence on resources (whether from public administration or civil society). The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors examine this diversity based on a 2015 study of every Catholic Church social organization with headquarters in Catalonia. For the study, the authors conducted a detailed analysis of these organizations in order to determine their nature, scope and structure. The methodology combined questionnaire, interviews and non-participant observation. Findings The social actions of these organizations lead to interesting debates, such as those on: charity/assistentialism vs social justice; professionalization vs voluntarism; and personal autonomy vs functional dependence resulting from the action. This study also highlights how important it is that Church organizations carry out social actions to generate social welfare in the welfare states of southern European countries. Originality/value It is the first time that a study of the social impact of the church and its organizational implications in Spain has been made.

  • Remarks on the Subject of Back-Up Protection of Residual Current Devices
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Daniel Kowalak
    2019

    Residual current devices without integral overcurrent protection (RCCBs) are back-up protected by fuses or miniature circuit-breakers (MCBs). If the latter are used, special attention must be given to the coordination between an RCCB and an MCB. This paper indicates probable cases of the aforementioned devices coordination, in which back-up protection of the RCCB is not adequate. A laboratory test has shown that depending on the used type of the MCB, in case of value of short-circuit current close to the making and breaking capacity of an RCCB, excessive arc stress of the RCCB may occur. In case of short-circuit current of value close to the rated conditional short-circuit current of the RCCB, permissible values of peak current and Joule integral for the RCCB may be exceeded. All these stresses may limit electrical endurance of RCCBs.

  • Remote Monitoring of Environmental Pollutants
    • Jacek Gębicki
    • Bartosz Szulczyński
    2019

    Atmospheric air quality is one of the key factors influencing human health. Air quality evaluation is not an easy task as the atmosphere is a complex system subjected to continuous changes in time. Observed progress in the development of measurement devices and technologies is fundamental for acquisition of more reliable information about condition and quality of atmospheric air. Unfortunately, this process leads to an increase in the monitoring and air quality evaluation cost, which limits their widespread application. Accordingly, there is a search for new, cheap, alternative methods of information acquisition about air quality in the field of both new chemical sensors and sensor matrices. The technologies are developed, which allow monitoring of hardly accessible and dangerous for human placed where air pollution occurred. Moreover, the paper presents and discusses current measurement tools utilized for atmospheric air quality evaluation. The development trends connected with atmospheric air monitoring were also presented.

  • Removal of VOCs from air and assessment of dominant species in a peat-perlite biotrickling filter
    • Milena Gospodarek
    • Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska
    • Piotr Rybarczyk
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2019

    Air pollution has become a major concern because it is inevitably connected with the rapid development of both industrial and residential areas. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from various anthropogenic sources e.g. transportation, factories or landfills as well as recycling factories. It is problematic not only because of the direct impact on humans and environment but also from economy viewpoint as it increases costs of environmental remediation of contaminated eco- systems. Mitigation of VOCs emissions into air is achieved through prevention or purification of gaseous streams. Among separation and purification technologies used for removal of VOCs from gas phase, techniques based on biological processes are under development for over 40 years and are gaining more attention due to economic feasibility, eco-friendly character and high removal efficiency of pollutants elimination. They are based on the capability of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) to utilize harmful VOCs as a carbon source for their metabolic processes in the absence of typical nutrients e.g. carbohydrates. During biofiltration process, a polluted air is fed into a biofilter column with a packed bed inhabited by various microorganisms. While passing through the column’s bed, VOCs diffuse from a gas phase to a biofilm formed by fungi and/or bacteria species growing on the packing elements where and undergo biodegradation. As a result, a purified gas stream leaves a biofilter and an increase in the biomass growth is observed (Fig. 1). Beside biomass, carbon dioxide, water as well as sulphates and nitrates are produced. They can be removed from a column with gas stream or dissolved in the liquid phase. The most popular apparatus for biofiltration include conventional biofilters, biotrickling filters and bioscrubbers . In this work, mechanisms of biofiltration and biotrickling filtration are discussed. Experimental results of investigations regarding the biofilm composition, selection of preferential microbial species as well as removal efficiency of selected VOCs in a peat-perlite biotrickling filter are presented.

  • Renewable natural resources as green alternative substrates to obtain bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes-review
    • Kamila Błażek
    • Janusz Datta
    2019 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    Commercially available polyurethanes are synthesized by the polyaddition of diisocyanates with polyols and low molecular weight chain extenders. A new approach to polyurethanes synthesis is realized via non-isocyanate routes. Negative impacts of petroleum-based chemicals on the environment and human health as well as gradual reduction of fuel-based resources, which leads to an increase in their prices, are an incentive to looking for bio-based components derived from renewable resources for the polyurethanes synthesis. The purpose of the presented review is a critical summary of the possibilities of using renewable natural resources as green intermediates to obtain non-isocyanate polyurethanes by polyaddition of bis(cyclic carbonate)s and di- or polyamines. The possibility of using carbon dioxide, plant oils, fatty acids and biomass-derived platform chemicals in non-isocyanate polyurethane synthesis is exhaustively commented.

  • Representing Process Characteristics to Increase Confidence in Assurance Case Arguments
    • Aleksander Jarzębowicz
    • Szymon Markiewicz
    2019 Full text

    An assurance case is a structured, evidence-based argument demonstrating that a safety or other quality objective of a high integrity system is assured. Assurance cases are required or recommended in many industry domains as a means to convince the regulatory bodies to allow commissioning of such system. To be convincing, an argument should address all potential doubts and thus cover numerous additional issues, including the processes that led to development of the considered system. It is however not obvious, which elements of processes (and which characteristics of them) should be documented and how to include them in the argument without making it too large and complex. In this paper we provide description structures for essential process elements. The structures were developed on the basis of literature search and reviews of publicly available assurance cases. We also show how to include such information within the overall assurance case in a way that reduces the complexity and allows to distinguish process-related elements from the primary argument.

  • Research project BRIK: development of an innovative method for determining the precise trajectory of a railway vehicle
    • Andrzej Wilk
    • Cezary Specht
    • Władysław Koc
    • Krzysztof Karwowski
    • Piotr Chrostowski
    • Jacek Szmagliński
    • Paweł Dąbrowski
    • Mariusz Specht
    • Sławomir Judek
    • Jacek Skibicki
    • Marcin Skóra
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    2019 Full text Przegląd Komunikacyjny

    In the paper the essential assumptions regarding a research project implemented by a consortium of Gdansk University of Technology and Gdynia Maritime University are presented. The project has been commissioned by National Center of Research and Development with cooperation with Polish Railways (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.). The project is focused in implementation of modern measurement techniques using Global Navigation Positioning System GNSS, Inertial Navigation System INS and Mobile Laser Scanning MLS in a railway network management process. The precise aim of the research is both determine geometric parameters of a railway geometric layout as well as a railway vehicle movement trajectory. For this reason the innovative technique of mobile satellite measurements will be used. In the paper a synthetic description of the project together with the particular stages are presented. Also, a part of research which was realized in 2018 is shown. In the first stage, Gdansk University of Technology made a research of existing common methods for determining and assessing a track alignment, presented an idea of mobile investigation of track axis by the use of satellite measurements, took into consideration an issue of influence of dynamic behavior of the measurement vehicle on the accuracy of determined track positions by the use of GNSS/INS techniques and finally presented a technical project of measurement platform. Gdynia Maritime University made a query of GNSS/INS/MLS in measurements of track alignment, elaborated a scheme of measurement devices placement on the mobile measurement platform and studied possibilities of increasing accuracy for estimation a railway vehicle localization in relation to common techniques used by polish train operators.

  • RESHAPING THE GDANSK HARBOR –THE CONTINUOUS PROCESS
    • Piotr Lorens
    2019 Full text IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

    Gdańsk is the harbour city with a history of more than 1000 years. For many centuries the harbour structures were evolving within the central part of the historic city centre, and – in result – a specific urban structures associated with these functions were created. But the evolution of the maritime technology as well as new needs regarding servicing the ships and cargo-handling activities effected in creation of the more modern facilities. Within the article a reflection regarding these issues is presented, which takes into account both the global trends in harbour developments and local specifics of the city. In result, the article can serve as the reference paper for research associated with evolution of the ports and port cities

  • Residence time distribution in rapid multiphase reactors
    • Przemysław Wojewódka
    • Robert Aranowski
    • Christian Jungnickel
    2019 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

    Residence time distribution (RTD) provides information about average hydraulic residence time and the distribution of material in the reactor. A method for determining RTD for reactors with very short hydraulic residence times is deconvolution based on extraction of real RTD by the analysis of a non-ideal input signal. The mean residence time and dispersion were determined for the spinning fluids reactor (SFR). For the first time the deconvolution method was performed for a system where the tracer pulse signal is wider than actual RTD of the examined device. A prediction model for of the SFR was also developed, and validated.