2019 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2019

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The effects of vehicle restraint systems on road safety
- Marcin Budzyński
- Krzysztof Wilde
- Kazimierz Jamroz
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Wojciech Witkowski
- Stanisław Burzyński
- Dawid Bruski
- Łukasz Jeliński
- Łukasz Pachocki
2019 Full text MATEC Web of Conferences
Key to understanding the needs and tools of road infrastructure management for preventing run-off-road crashes or minimising their consequences, is to identify the hazads and sources of hazards caused by wrong or improper use of road safety devices and identify errors in the desifn, structure, construction and operation of road safety devices. Studying such an extended scope of the problem required fieldwork and surveys with road authorities, designers, road safety auditors and road maintenance services. An outline of new quidelines could only be developed after understanding the effects of restraint systems, the design, additional elements, type of road and safety barrier location on a road or engineering structure and the road and traffic conditions on their functionality and safety. The paper will present the preliminary results of this research (research project - ROSE). One way to understand the functionality of road safety devices is to build numerical models and conduct sumulation tests of virtual crash tests. The article presents the scope of work conducted as part of an effort to develop new vehicle restraint system guidelines.
The efficiency and reliability of pollutant removal in a hybrid constructed wetland with giant miscanthus and Jerusalem artichoke in Poland
- Michał Marzec
- Magdalena Gizińska-Górna
- Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
- Aneta Pytka-Woszczyło
- Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko
- Magdalena Gajewska
2019 Full text ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
In this paper, we analysed the pollutant removal efficiency and reliability of a vertical and horizontal flow hybrid constructed wetland (CW) planted with giant miscanthus and Jerusalem artichoke. The wastewater treatment plant, located in south-eastern Poland, treated domestic sewage at an average flow rate of 1.2m3·d−1. The tests were carried out during. 5-years of operation of the sewage treatment plant (2011–2016). During this period, sewage samples were collected from three stages of wastewater treatment in four seasons (winter – February, spring – May, summer – August, and autumn – November). The following parameters were measured: BOD5, COD, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. The average effectiveness of organic pollutant removal expressed by BOD5 and COD was 98.8 and 97.6%, respectively, and the removal efficiency for total suspended solids was 93%. The average values of BOD5, COD, and total suspended solids in wastewater discharged to the receiver were significantly lower than the limit values required in Poland. The efficiency of total nitrogen and total phosphorus removal was 64.1 and 68.1%, respectively, and the average values of these components in the outflow from the treatment plant exceeded the standard levels. A reliability analysis performed using the Weibull probability model showed that the reliability of pollutant removal in the tested CW system was very high for BOD5 and COD (100%). It was also demonstrated that the tested CW did not provide effective elimination of biogenic elements (nitrogen and phosphorus), as evidenced by the low reliability values – 32 and 28%, respectively. The investigated hybrid CW system with giant miscanthus and Jerusalem artichoke removed organic and biogenic pollutants with a similar efficiency as systems using classic plant species such as reed and willow.
The electronic characterization of the cubic Laves-phase superconductor CaRh2
- Karolina Górnicka
- Robert J. Cava
- Tomasz Klimczuk
2019 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
We present the synthesis and experimental characterization of the electronic properties of the cubic Laves phase superconductor CaRh2. Its crystal structure was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and its ambient temperature lattice parameter (a = 7.5326(6) Å) is in good agreement with the literature. Magnetization, resistivity and heat-capacity measurements indicate that CaRh2 is a moderate-coupling type-II superconductor (λe-p = 0.89) with a transition temperature Tc = 5.13 K. A sharp discontinuity at Tc in the heat capacity shows that the normalized specific-heat jump is C/γTc = 1.78, which exceeds the value predicted by weak-coupling BCS theory (1.43).
The Emergence of ETFs in Asia-Pacific
- Ewa Lechman
- Adam Marszk
- Kato Yasuyuki
2019
The major objective of this book is to contribute to the present state of knowledge by exploring empirical links between the processes of diffusion of financial innovations— exchange-traded funds—and growing deployment of ICT across Asia-Pacific countries, between 2004 and 2017. We examine the evolutionary patterns of ETFs on selected Asia-Pacific stock exchanges and verify the hypothesized relationship between increasing ICT penetration and development of the ETFs markets. More specifically, this study is based on 12 economies from the Asia-Pacific region, namely, Australia, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. We exhaustively discuss various issues related to ETFs, and, throughout the empirical parts of the book, we show their diffusion patterns on the selected financial markets in the Asia-Pacific region. In contrast with the existing literature, which concentrates mostly on the benefits and costs of ETFs for investors, we focus on the development of the ETFs markets (used as synonymous term to the diffusion of ETFs); thus we adopt a broader approach to the topic. Financial instruments used for comparison are innovative ones, i.e., ETFs, and conventional ones (more widely recognized and available for a much longer time period), i.e., stock index futures and stock index options. Next, to ensure a broad perspective for the analyzed process of development of financial innovations, we additionally provide the in-depth evidence on relationships between ICT penetration and diffusion of innovative financial instruments— ETFs, across countries in scope.
The Empirical Application of Automotive 3D Radar Sensor for Target Detection for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle’s Navigation
- Andrzej Stateczny
- Witold Kazimierski
- Daria Gronska-Sledz
- Weronika Motyl
2019 Full text Remote Sensing
Avoiding collisions with other objects is one of the most basic safety tasks undertaken in the operation of floating vehicles. Addressing this challenge is essential, especially during unmanned vehicle navigation processes in autonomous missions. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the surface target detection possibilities in a water environment, which can be used for the future development of tracking and anti-collision systems for autonomous surface vehicles (ASV). The research focuses on identifying the detection ranges and the field of view for various surface targets. Typical objects that could be met in the water environment were analyzed, including a boat and floating objects. This study describes the challenges of implementing automotive radar sensors for anti-collision tasks in a water environment from the perspective of target detection with the application for small ASV performing tasks on the lake.
The essence of marine and coastal space – an interdisciplinary perspective
- Katarzyna Jerzak
- Maxim D. Shrayer
- Karolina Krośnicka
- Piotr Lorens
- Jacek Zaucha
- Joanna Pardus
2019 Full text EUROPA XXI
Sea space has been undergoing a profound transformation. Although it retains its inspirational function in arts, literature and philosophy, it has been gaining new anthropogenic dimensions in eco-nomics and urban planning as a source of satisfying human needs i.e. the provision of harmony, beauty, off-shore energy, and biotech substances. Therefore, in this paper marine space is analyzed from a mul-tidimensional perspective of urban planning, economics, and literature. Maritime space has been a sub-ject of literature from its inception. Without attempting to give an overview of the vast topic, the paper discusses the pronounced presence of sea space in the earliest Western literary sources, such as the Bible and Anglo-Saxon poetry. As a striking case study, Herman Melville’s 1851 novel Moby-Dick is analyzed with its complex, dynamic notion of maritime space. Aditionally, the importance of the shore as locus amoenus in a short story by the contemporary writer Maxim D. Shrayer is examined. This notion of locus amoenus is also present in the research related to urban planning. Maritime space attracts people to lo-cate nearby. Development is created as a response to these demands. Both urban planning and economics underline, however, a need of sustainable development of this space. This is crucial in order to secure its positive influence on human well-being in the long run. The three disciplines also point out that maritime space remains in the process of continuous creation and re-development in course of adding new func-tional and axiological ties between humans and the seas and oceans. Thus, nowadays maritime space covers both sea and terrestrial gateways servicing the sea and the key constituting factor is provided by human beings (homo maritimus) through their economic, social or emotional bond to the sea.
The evaluation of COD fractionation and modeling as a key factor for appropriate optimization and monitoring of modern cost-effective activated sludge systems
- Jakub Drewnowski
- Anna Remiszewska-Skwarek
- Sylwia Fudala-Książek
- Aneta Łuczkiewicz
- Sheena Kumari
- Faizal Bux
2019 Full text JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART A-TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
A study was conducted to characterize the raw wastewater entering a modern cost effective municipal WWTP in Poland using two approaches; 1) a combination of modeling and carbonaceous oxygen demand (COD) fractionation using respirometric test coupled with model estimation (RTME) and 2) flocculation/filtration COD fractionation method combined with BOD measurements (FF-BOD). It was observed that the particulate fractions of COD obtained using FF-BOD method was higher than those estimated by RT-ME approach. Contrary to the above, the values of inert soluble fraction evaluated by FF-BOD method was significantly lower than RT-ME approach (2.4% and 3.9% respectively). Furthermore, the values for low colloidal and particulate fractions as well as soluble inert fractions were different than expected from a typical municipal wastewater. These observations suggest that even at low load (10% of the total wastewater treatment inflow), the industrial wastewater composition can significantly affect the characteristics of municipal wastewater which could also affect the performance and accuracy of respirometric tests. Therefore, in such cases, comparison of the respirometric tests with flocculation/filtration COD/BOD measurements are recommended. Oxygen uptake rate profile with settled wastewater and/or after coagulation- flocculation, however, could still be recommended as a “rapid” control method for monitoring/optimising modern cost-effective wastewater treatment plants.
The experience of movement in the built form and space: A framework for movement evaluation in architecture
- Mosleh Ahmadi
- Margaret Schedel
2019 Full text Cogent Arts & Humanities
“Movement in architecture” is an organized system of various types of movements stimulated by specific architectural elements. This research was conducted through a qualitative-analytical method and empirical and bibliographical research methods with the aim to categorize different types of movements based on the explorer and observer relationships with the built space and form. So far, most of the related studies have focused on a few aspects of movement. In this article, the author tries not only to address circulation in architecture and visual movements but also the physiological psychology of motion, pictorial representation, and natural factors. The physical movement of built form and space is also considered more coherently and comprehensively, along with all stimulus factors and elements. Subsequently, this research presents a taxonomy in the form of an assessment table correlating with various types of movements along with their generator factors and architectural elements. The article conceptions are justified by a comparative analogy between two bridges: Khaju and Tabiat, representing 17th century and contemporary Iranian architecture, respectively.
The first study on the usefulness of recombinant tetravalent chimeric proteins containing fragments of SAG2, GRA1, ROP1 and AMA1 antigens in the detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in mouse and human sera
- Bartłomiej Ferra
- Lucyna Holec-Gąsior
- Justyna Gatkowska
- Bożena Dziadek
- Katarzyna Dzitko
- Weronika Grąźlewska
- Dariusz Lautenbach
2019 Full text PLOS ONE
This study presents an evaluation of four tetravalent recombinant chimeric proteins containing fragments of the Toxoplasma gondii antigens, SAG2, GRA1, ROP1 and AMA1, as potential replacements of a the soluble, whole-cell tachyzoite lysate (TLA) used in serological assays. Recombinant chimeric proteins (SAG2-GRA1-ROP1-AMA1N, AMA1N-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, AMA1C-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, and AMA1-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1) obtained by genetic engineering were tested for their reactivity with specific IgM and IgG antibodies from sera of experimentally infected mice and humans with T. gondii infection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In total 192 serum samples from patients with acquired T. gondii infection and 137 sera from seronegative individuals were examined. The reactivity of chimeric antigens with antibodies generated during T. gondii invasion was measured and compared to the results obtained in assays based on whole-cell Toxoplasma antigen. Chimeric proteins proved effective in differentiation between T. gondii-infected and uninfected individuals (100% sensitivity and specificity in the IgG ELISAs) which shows their potential usefulness as a replacements for TLA in standardized commercial tests for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. In addition, the chimeric proteins were tested for use in avidity determination. Obtained results were comparable to those of the corresponding commercial assays, suggesting the utility of these proteins for avidity assessment. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that the AMA1-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1 chimeric protein has the potential to distinguish specific antibodies from serum samples of individuals with the early and chronic phase of T. gondii infection.
The flux compression generator load parameters selection
- Mirosław Wołoszyn
- Daniel Kowalak
- Kazimierz Jakubiuk
- Mikołaj Nowak
2019 Full text ITM Web of Conferences
Computer simulation results of the flux compression generator (FCG) loaded with an inductor has been presented in this paper. Simulation research has been performed in order to select the parameters of FCG load coil properly. The influence of the load inductance and resistance on the current gain factor and the magnetic field energy accumulated in a load coil has been investigated.
The Handling of Business Lawsuits by Common Courts in Poland: Identification of Transaction Costs
- Przemysław Banasik
- Sylwia Morawska
- Woźniak-jęchorek Beata
2019 Full text Ekonomista
Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja czynników mających wpływ na koszty transakcyjne dochodzenia praw z umów pomiędzy przedsiębiorcami w sprawach gospodarczych. Na potrzeby artykułu przeprowadzono pilotażowe badanie 210 spraw sądowych zawisłych przed Sądem Okręgowym w Gdańsku w pierwszej instancji po 2009 r., w których wyrok wydano w 2012 r. (ostatnie 210 spraw) a od wyroku wniesiono apelację do Sądu Apelacyjnego w Gdańsku i zakończono postępowanie przed 2013 r. Badanie miało charakter studium przypadku, którego celem była identyfikacja czynników mających wpływ na koszty transakcyjne dochodzenia praw z umów po stronie podażowej, czyli w ramach działania sądów. Na koszty transakcyjne dochodzenia praw z umów składają się nie tylko koszty opłaty sądowej i zastępstwa procesowego, określone normatywnie, ale także - co jest oczywiste - czas niezbędny do wyegzekwowania praw wynikających z umowy. W badaniu podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na dwa pytania badawcze. Po pierwsze, które z czynników mają wpływ na czas rozpoznania sprawy, począwszy od jej wpływu do sądu pierwszej instancji aż do wydania wyroku w drugiej instancji, a po drugie - na ile poziom zawiłości sprawy przekłada się na czas rozpoznania sprawy. Wyniki badań pozwoliły na wstępne wyselekcjonowanie podstawowych czynników identyfikujących poziom skomplikowania sprawy. Autorzy artykułu przyjęli, że należą do nich: liczba tomów zgromadzonych w trakcie rozpoznania sprawy, liczba rozpraw oraz liczba stron uzasadnienia wyroku w pierwszej i drugiej instancji.
The Hough transform in the classification process of inland ships
- Katarzyna Bobkowska
- Natalia Wawrzyniak
2019 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
This article presents an analysis of the possibilities of using image processing methods for feature extraction that allows kNN classification based on a ship’s image delivered from an on-water video surveillance system. The subject of the analysis is the Hough transform which enables the detection of straight lines in an image. The recognized straight lines and the information about them serve as features in the classification process. Above all, this approach allows ships to be recognized, which can then be characterized by a specific representation and shape. Recreational units that are often seen on inland waters were classified correctly using this method. Each analyzed camera image was previously prepared – brought to the form where the ship was visible from the side and the background removed (they were monochromatic – white). The results obtained in this work will allow for the development of the final ship classification method based on camera images. This method is a significant part of the emerging system prototype, which is implemented as part of the Automatic Ship Recognition and Identification (SHREC) project.
The hydration of selected biologically relevant molecules – the temperature effect on apparent molar volume and compression
- Emilia Kaczkowska
- Jarosław Wawer
- Magdalena Tyczyńska
- Małgorzata Jóźwiak
- Joanna Krakowiak
2019 JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
The densities and sound velocities at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K were measured for aqueous solutions of glycine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, taurine and N-methylacetamide. From these data, the apparent molar volumes, V the apparent molar isentropic compressions, KS,, and the Passynski hydration numbers of solutes were determined. The concentration dependencies of the calculated quantities, their limiting values and temperature characteristics are discussed in terms of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions. The obtained data clearly show strong hydration of the molecules of glycine, trimethylamine-N-oxide and taurine. Opposite effect, i.e. weak interactions with water molecules, is found for N-methylacetamide.
The Idea of Using Bayesian Networks in Forecasting Impact of Traffic-Induced Vibrations Transmitted through the Ground on Residential Buildings
- Agata Siemaszko
- Anna Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska
- Robert Jankowski
2019 Full text Geosciences
Traffic–induced vibrations may constitute a considerable load to buildings. In this paper, vibrations transmitted through the ground caused by wheeled vehicles are considered. This phenomenon may cause cracking of plaster, cracks in load-bearing elements or even, in extreme cases, collapse of the whole structure. Measurements of vibrations of real structures are costly and laborious. Therefore, the aim of the present paper is to propose a method of using Bayesian Networks combined with implementation of geoscience for assessment of impact of traffic–induced vibrations on residential buildings. Firstly, the experimental tests have been performed on different buildings using specialized equipment taking into account five factors: distance from the building to the edge of the road, condition of road surface, condition of the building, the absorption of soil and the type of vehicle. Then, probabilistic analyses applying Bayesian Networks have been conducted and two methods of assessing the information value (EVSI method and entropy method) have been compared. Finally, developed diagnostic-decision support model has been tested, so as to verify the most important parameter, affecting the possibility of structural vibrations to occur. The results of the study clearly show that the use of Bayesian Networks is a very effective approach to assess impact of traffic-induced vibrations. The developed algorithm can be successfully applied both to existing and planned buildings, for which the source of vibration is already present or may appear in the future.
The Impact of Crushed Rock Spoil on Pitting Corrosion of Selected Stainless Steel
- Stefan Krakowiak
- Sławomir Kierepa
2019 Full text ARCHIVES OF METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
The paper presents the results of the pitting resistance investigations of selected stainless steels in the chloride environment and the simultaneous impact of erosive factors using the cyclic polarization technique. Additionally, using electrochemical techniques, ie: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and measurement of corrosion potential, the behavior of the passive layer of selected stainless steels in the environment of chlorides and erosion was examined. On the basis of the obtained results, the resistance of stainless steels 1.4301 and 1.4404 was found, both on the effect of chloride ions and erosive factors in the studied systems. Both tested steels are susceptible to pitting corrosion. It was found that a good measure of erosive impact on stainless steel is both impedance spectrum analysis and continuous monitoring of the corrosion potential of steel.
The impact of drying and steaming processes on surface color changes of tension ad normal beech wood
- Ivan Klement
- Tatiana Vilkovská
- Jacek Barański
- Aleksandra Konopka
2019 DRYING TECHNOLOGY
The aim of the article is to present the influence of high temperature to selected properties of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). The properties such as moisture content, color changes and longitudinal warping were analyzed. The quality of beech wood is determined based on structure and properties of wood, frequency of defects in wood material. The tension wood is considered as an important wood defect causing negative alterations in solid wood quality and limits industrial application of wood. Finally, it can be concluded that influence of temperature higher than 120°C, is not noticeable factor for quality of beech with content of tension wood. The drying of tension and normal wood has got small noticeable differences. The different values of longitudinal warping which were measured after drying were higher in tension wood than in normal wood. Impact of radial and tangential angle of growth rings is non-significant factor. The proper knowledge of these properties can help to improve the wood quality and increase the efficiency of wooden materials production respectively, and it also may bring considerable financial savings.
The impact of environmentally friendly refrigerants on heat pump efficiency
- Tomasz Muszyński
- Rafał Andrzejczyk
- Blanka Jakubowska
2019 Full text Journal of Power Technologies
This paper discusses the issue of heat pump simulation. Lower operating costs can be achieved through good equipment design and appropriate operation. Detailed technical and economic analysis inform the selection of system components with the highest possible efficiency and lower energy demand. The use of systems based on environmentally friendly refrigerants can deliver long product life, which is associated with a shorter payback period for the investment. In addition, smart design processes optimize the performance of equipment. The rapidly increasing share of energy costs in terms of total investment cost is driving innovative solutions and tailor-made solutions to specific operating conditions.
The Impact of Ergonomic Guiding Principles on the Formation of Modern Monumental Art
- Agnieszka Gębczyńska-Janowicz
2019 Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Commemoration of historic events is now a commonplace phenomenon both in culture and in academic research. The phenomenon is linked to an increase in the representation of the visualisation of the past in public sphere, which in turn leads to reformulation of monumental art. Modern monuments are often spatial forms consisting both of sculpture installation and bigger constructions. In case of these realisations, the designers, wishing to create certain atmosphere among the users, have undertaken certain steps that are contrary to the guidelines set out in the norms concerning ergonomic use of space. Architecture, whose basic purpose is to provide a sense of security, implements construction solutions which make the user disoriented and feel uneasy. The purpose of this article is an analysis of intentional use of design practices related to non-ergonomic organisation of public spaces, creation of typologies of realised solutions and an attempt to present the consequences of undertaking such steps.
The impact of lipophilicity on environmental processes, drug delivery and bioavailability of food components
- Tomasz Chmiel
- Anna Mieszkowska
- Dagmara Kempińska-Kupczyk
- Agata Kot-Wasik
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Zofia Mazerska
2019 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
Lipophilic properties of the compound allow to predict its fate in living organisms and to propose the models of chemicals transport and accumulation in the ecosystem. Lipophilicity is also useful as the characteristic of chemicals in respect to their optimal attributes for specific biological and non-biological tasks. The lipophilicity descriptors define the potency of endo- and xenobiotics to metabolic transformations and their affinity to target proteins. Therefore, the lipophilicity optimization allows to find the optimal structure of drugs in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies. Additionally, lipophilicity governs the transport of chemicals in the environment and the food delivery systems of bioactive compounds. This review focuses mainly on the lipophilicity importance in the environmental and human life sciences, its multidisciplinary character and applications, availability of reliable partition/distribution coefficients and methods of their assessment.
The Impact of the Antigenic Composition of Chimeric Proteins on Their Immunoprotective Activity against Chronic Toxoplasmosis in Mice
- Justyna Gatkowska
- Katarzyna Dzitko
- Bartłomiej Ferra
- Lucyna Holec-Gąsior
- Malwina Kawka
- Bożena Dziadek
2019 Full text Vaccines
Toxoplasmosis may pose a serious threat for individuals with weakened or undeveloped immune systems. However, to date, there is no specific immunoprophylaxis for humans. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of three trivalent—SAG2-GRA1-ROP1L (SGR), SAG1L-MIC1-MAG1 (SMM), and GRA1-GRA2-GRA6 (GGG)—and two tetravalent—SAG2-GRA1-ROP1-GRA2 (SGRG) and SAG1-MIC1-MAG1-GRA2 (SMMG)—chimeric T. gondii proteins, as well as their protective potential against chronic toxoplasmosis in laboratory mice. All three trivalent recombinant proteins possessed immunogenic properties, as defined by specific humoral and cellular responses in vaccinated mice characterized by the synthesis of specific IgG (IgG1/IgG2a) antibodies in vivo and the release of Th1/Th2 cytokines by stimulated splenocytes in vitro. Immunization with all three recombinant proteins provided partial protection against toxoplasmosis, although the protective capacity strongly depended on the individual antigenic composition of each preparation. The antigens providing the highest (86%) and lowest (45%) protection, SGR and SMM, respectively, were supplemented with GRA2 antigen fragment, to form the tetravalent chimeric proteins SGRG and SMMG. Further study revealed that the tetravalent preparations exhibited high immunogenic potential; however, the addition of another antigen to the recombinant protein structure had distinct effects on the protection generated, compared to that of the trivalent counterparts, depending on the antigen tested.