2020 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2020

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Mechanical-Level Hardware-In-The-Loop and Simulation in Validation Testing of Prototype Tower Crane Drives
- Michał Michna
- Filip Kutt
- Łukasz Sienkiewicz
- Roland Ryndzionek
- Grzegorz Kostro
- Dariusz Karkosiński
- Bartłomiej Grochowski
2020 Full text ENERGIES
In this paper, the static and dynamic simulations, and mechanical-level Hardware-In-the-Loop (MHIL) laboratory testing methodology of prototype drive systems with energy-saving permanent-magnet electric motors, intended for use in modern construction cranes is proposed and described. This research was aimed at designing and constructing a new type of tower crane by Krupiński Cranes Company. The described research stage was necessary for validation of the selection of the drive system elements and confirmation of its compliance with applicable standards. The mechanical construction of the crane was not completed and unavailable at the time of testing. A verification of drive system parameters had to be performed in MHIL laboratory testing, in which it would be possible to simulate torque acting on the motor shaft. It was shown that the HIL simulation for a crane may be accurate and an effective approach in the development phase. The experimental tests of selected operating cycles of prototype crane drives were carried out. Experimental research was performed in the LINTE^2 laboratory of the Gdańsk University of Technology (Poland), where the MHIL simulator was developed. The most important component of the system was the dynamometer and its control system. Specialized software to control the dynamometer and to emulate the load subjected to the crane was developed. A series of tests related to electric motor environmental parameters was carried out.
Mechaniczne Metody Badań Materiałów
- Wiktoria Wojnicz
- Edmund Wittbrodt
2020 Full text
W podręczniku zawarto opis Laboratorium Wytrzymałości Materiałów znajdującego się w Katedrze Mechaniki i Mechatroniki na Wydziale Mechanicznym Politechniki Gdańskiej oraz instrukcje do szesnastu ćwiczeń laboratoryjnych dla studentów wszystkich kierunków studiów oferowanych na Wydziale. Ćwiczenia dotyczą zagadnień związanych ze statycznymi i dynamicznymi próbami niszczącymi, badań materiałów na ściskanie i rozciąganie, badań twardości, udarności, wytrzymałości zmęczeniowej i propagacji pęknięcia zmęczeniowego oraz badań lin stalowych, prób technologicznych i badań niszczących złączy spawanych metali. Są to badania odnoszące się do metali pracujących nie tylko w temperaturze otoczenia, ale także w podwyższonej temperaturze. W opisach poszczególnych ćwiczeń podano cel prowadzonych badań, podstawowe definicje, metody realizacji badań ze szczególnym omówieniem próbek do badań, maszyn i urządzeń wytrzymałościowych niezbędnych do realizacji badań oraz sposobu analizy i opracowywania wyników. Podano również wykaz polskich i europejskich norm, według których prowadzone są badania.
Mechanizm współpracy z gruntem pali prefabrykowanych wbijanych w świetle próbnych obciążeń pali oprzyrządowanych
- Adam Krasiński
- Kazimierz Gwizdała
- Tomasz Kusio
- Paweł Więcławski
- Mateusz Wiszniewski
2020 Full text Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika
Opis badań i wyniki próbnych obciążeń statycznych dwóch pali prefabrykowanych wbijanych oprzyrządowanych w aparaturę do pomiaru rozkładu siły osiowej wzdłuż trzonu pala. Analiza wpływu czasu i procesu wbijania na charakterystykę osiadania pali prefabrykowanych wbijanych. Identyfikacja siły rezydualnej w palu prefabrykowanym wbijanym i jej wpływ na interpretację pomiarów ekstensometrycznych w próbnym obciążeniu pala. Wnioski na temat problemów w interpretacji wyników badań pali prefabrykowanych wbijanych oprzyrządowanych pomiarowo.
Membrane technologies assisting plant-based and agro-food by-products processing: A comprehensive review
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Emilia Gontarek
- Alfredo Cassano
- Vlastimil Fíla
2020 Full text TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Background Nowadays, membrane-based technologies (e.g. microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, membrane distillation, and pervaporation) have demonstrated to meet the requirements to be involved in different food and bioproduct processes. Scope and approach Several applications have been developed, including either separation, recovery or concentration of bioactive molecules from agro-food products and by-products, treatment of natural extracts, recovery of aromas from natural and processed products, production of non-alcoholic beverages, as the most popular ones. Therefore, the goal of this review is to give a comprehensive outlook of the latest developments focused on the separation, fractionation and concentration of several bioactive compounds contained in their original sources, as well as the food processes-assisted by membrane technologies. Key findings and conclusions Throughout this review, ongoing literature has been analysed, discussing the relevant insights according to the type of membrane-based separation process, properties of molecules, membrane features and key factors influencing the separation performance of those technologies. Specific applications have been analysed and discussed, highlighting typical advantages and drawbacks over conventional technologies.
Membranes for toxic- and heavy-metal removal
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Emilia Gontarek
- Alberto Figoli
2020
Since time ago, membranes have greatly attracted the attention of researchers for different types of water-treatment applications, such as wastewater treatment, water purification, removal of microorganisms, chemical compounds, and heavy metals. Nowadays, one of the current challenges of research community definitely deals with the removal of toxic and heavy metals from water. In this regard, the current chapter provides enough inputs about the current advances and approaches of the use of membranes for such removal task, thereby addressing the highlighted literature survey of using polymeric and nanocomposite membranes for heavy-metal removal. Moreover, it gives up-to-date information related to those novel nanocomposite membranes and their contribution for water-treatment applications.
Meso-mechanical modelling of damage in concrete using discrete element method with porous ITZs of defined width around aggregates.
- Michał Nitka
- Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
2020 Full text ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS
Artykuł omawia wyniki obliczeń numerycznych pękania dla betonu stosując metodę elementów dyskretnych. Beton był opisany jako materiał 4-fazowy i był poddany zginaniu. W obliczeniach uwzględniono strefy ITZ o skończonej szerokości dookoła wszystkich ziaren kruszywa. Nacisk położono na przebieg mikropęknięć przy kruszywie. Wyniki porównano bezpośrednio z doświadczeniami. Obliczenia wykonano także dla szorstkich ziaren kruszywa. Wyniki zaprezentowane w artykule oferują nową perspektywę w zrozumieniu procesu powstawanie pęknięć w obciążonym betonie.
Mesophilic and thermophilic dark fermentation course analysis using sensor matrices and chromatographic techniques
- Edyta Słupek
- Patrycja Makoś
- Karolina Kucharska
- Jacek Gębicki
2020 Full text CHEMICAL PAPERS
Production of biofuels from biomass is expected to benefit the society and the environment. At present, bio waste residues processing includes hydrolysis, dark fermentation, photofermentation, pyrolysis, gasification, and chemical synthesis. As the composition and the chemical structure of organic substances affect the efficiency of mentioned processes, it is believed that the glucose concentration is a crucial parameter for the evaluation of the efficiency of biological processes. Also, the control of by-products formulated during each stage of biomass processing affects the course of dark fermentation. Therefore, model processes regarding mesophilic and thermophilic dark fermentation were carried out. Glucose as a sole carbon source was applied as the fermentation broth and Faloye-pretreated activated municipal wastewater sludge was introduced as the source of sporulating microorganisms. Production of hydrogen and methane was controlled by means of sensor matrices. Obtained results are comparable to those obtained using the standard method based on gas chromatography and indicate the suitability of their application for online routine analyses of hydrogen and methane during fermentation processes. In addition, the fermentation broth was also examined by means of gas and liquid chromatography in the scope of glucose reduction, and generation of volatile fatty acids and phenols.
Metal ion directed template synthesis using 2-acetyl-1,3-indandione and ethylenediamine: steric and electronic restrictions
- Anife Ahmedova
- Sonya Zareva
- Anna Dołęga
2020 MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS
A template synthesis using 2-acetyl-1,3-indandione and ethylenediamine results in formation of octahedral Ni complex, whose crystal structure has been resolved using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure indicates that only exocyclic enolic oxygen atom of the triketone takes part in the condensation with ethylenediamine.
Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)/Epoxy Coatings: A Review
- Farzad Seidi
- Maryam Jouyandeh
- Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Ali Taghizadeh
- Henri Vahabi
- Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Krzysztof Formela
- Mohammad Saeb
2020 Full text Materials
Epoxy coatings are developing fast in order to meet the requirements of advanced materials and systems. Progress in nanomaterial science and technology has opened a new era of engineering for tailoring the bulk and surface properties of organic coatings, e.g., adhesion to the substrate, anti-corrosion, mechanical, flame-retardant, and self-healing characteristics. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a subclass of coordinative polymers with porous microstructures, have been widely synthesized in recent years and applied in gas and energy storage, separation, sensing, environmental science and technology, and medicine. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to their performance in coatings. Well-known as micro- and nanoporous materials, with a tailorable structure consisting of metal ions and organic linkers, MOFs have a huge loading capacity, which is essential for the delivery of corrosion inhibitors. This review paper attempts to highlight the importance of epoxy/MOF composites for coating applications. A particular emphasis was explicitly placed on the anti-corrosion, flame-retardant, mechanical, and dielectric properties of epoxy/MOF coatings.
Method of estimating the rolling resistance coefficient of vehicle tyre using the roller dynamometer
- Adrian Soica
- Adian Budala
- Vlad Monescu
- Sławomir Sommer
- Wojciech Owczarzak
2020 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART D-JOURNAL OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
The tendency in the past few years has been to introduce tyres with lower rolling resistance coefficients to the market. This paper presents a mathematical method for determining the rolling resistance coefficients variation depending on the speed. The method uses power balance which results from automobile dynamics while rolling on chassis dynamometer. The rolling resistance coefficients of tyres obtained through ‘drum test method’, for which the rolling resistance coefficients variation is known in terms of vehicle speed, are considered as reference values, while than rolling resistance coefficients of tyres obtained through ‘MAHA roller dynamometer’ using the recorded lost drag power in the roll-out phase on the stand are considered as tested values. The rolling resistance coefficients variation could be determined up to the maximum permissible speed of the tyre, for all wheels trained on the stand and not just for one tyre, as determined in laboratory conditions. The test conditions are similar to those in real road conditions, where the temperature of the environment and wheels cannot be controlled. The values obtained by the authors’ proposed method were compared with the values obtained by the ‘drum test method’. The main contribution of the proposed method is to estimate the rolling resistance coefficients without using a very expensive test facility.
Methodology for Carrying Out Measurements of the Tombolo Geomorphic Landform Using Unmanned Aerial and Surface Vehicles near Sopot Pier, Poland
- Cezary Specht
- Oktawia Lewicka
- Mariusz Specht
- Paweł Dąbrowski
- Paweł Burdziakowski
2020 Full text Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
The human impact on the ecosystem has been particularly evident in the last century; it transforms the Earth’s surface on an unprecedented scale and brings about irreversible changes. One example is an oceanographic phenomenon known as a tombolo, i.e., a narrow belt connecting the mainland with an island lying near the shore formed as a result of sand and gravel being deposited by sea currents. The phenomenon contributes to an increase in the biogenic substance content in the littoral zone, which leads to increased cyanobacteria blooming in the summer period. Moreover, the debris accumulation in the littoral zone results in the mud formation, which makes the beach landscape less attractive. One of the main features of the tombolo phenomenon is its variability of shape, which includes the form of both the shore and the seabed adjacent to it. Therefore, to describe its size and spatio-temporal variability, it is necessary to apply methods for geodetic (the land) and hydrographic (the sea) measurements that can be carried out in different ways. The aim of the paper is to present the methodology for carrying out measurements of the tombolo oceanographic phenomenon using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USV) on the example of a waterbody adjacent to the Sopot pier. It also presents the results of surveys carried out in November 2019 within this area. The study demonstrated that the integration of two measuring devices whose development began in the second decade of the 20th century, i.e., UAVs and USVs, enables accurate (even up to several centimeters) and reliable determination of the scale and variability of the phenomena occurring in the littoral zone.
Methodology for hospital design in architectural education
- Rafał Janowicz
2020 Full text World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education
The architecture of a hospital should be a response to strong user requirements. Recommendations on how to shape the environment of such facilities are highly complex, integrating guidelines from many fields of science. If contradictions between them exist, the designer is required to set priorities for spatial activities. This issue is particularly important during architectural education. The learning process should include projects with a high level of complexity, thus providing students with the opportunity to prepare works in planning medical facilities. These works should include consideration that medical architecture is a multifaceted task, both in theoretical and practical terms. In this case, the methodology of improvement is a helpful teaching tool. The intent in producing this article was to illustrate the possibility of using process analysis to approximate the performance of medical procedures in the teaching process and their impact on the design of hospital buildings as complex engineering facilities.
Methylation effect in e−— scattering on methyl-substituted ethylenes
- Sylwia Stefanowska-Tur
- Czesław Szmytkowski
- Elżbieta Ptasińska-Denga
- Paweł Możejko
2020 Full text Journal of Physics : Conference Series
Methylation effect has been observed and studied in electron-scattering from selected hydrocarbon molecules. In measured total cross section (TCS) functions we have noticed energy shifts and changes in the intensity of observed structures.
Metoda lokalizowania sensorów IoT przy użyciu mobilnej stacji bazowej
- Jacek Stefański
- Jarosław Sadowski
2020 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
W artykule opisano innowacyjną metodę lokalizowania obiektów dla potrzeb Internetu rzeczy (IoT). Przedstawiono matematyczną analizę metody. Opisano również wyniki kompleksowych badań symulacyjnych efektywności pracy zaproponowanej metody dla wybranych parametrów radiowej sieci sensorowej.
Metodologia badania skrzyni biegów z wykorzystaniem układu hydraulicznego jako hamowni
- Marcin Bąk
- Piotr Patrosz
2020 Full text Napędy i Sterowanie
W artykule przedstawiono metodologię prowadzenia badań mechanicznej skrzyni biegów. Sposób prowadzenia pomiarów zaprezentowano na przykładzie badań wybranej przekładni. Przedstawiono i opisano różne konfiguracje stanowiska badawczego wykorzystującego układ hydrauliczny, który pełnił funkcję hamowni. Zawarto opis konstrukcji prototypowej przekładni będącej obiektem badań. Ponadto omówiono przykładowe charakterystyki uzyskane w ramach przeprowadzonych testów.
Metodyka systematycznego przeglądu literatury w zakresie konkursów o nagrody jakości opartych na modelach doskonałości
- Anna Wendt
2020
Model doskonałości można zdefiniować jako zbiór zasad kompleksowej oceny organizacji , który często wykorzystywany jest jako podstawa konkursów jakości. Celem niniejszego referatu jest systematyczny przegląd literatury o tematyce konkursów jakości opartych na modelach doskonałości, szczególnie związanych z modelem EFQM – modelem europejskim. Podczas badań wykorzystano trzy bazy literaturowe dostępne na Politechnice Gdańskiej – Taylor&Francis, Web of Science oraz Scopus. Za pomocną powyższej metody zdiagnozowany został stan faktyczny związany z konkursami na świecie. Uzyskano informacje na temat: liczby publikacji o tej tematyce, rozpoznawalności modeli doskonałości na świecie oraz o możliwościach ich wykorzystania. Ukazano lukę badawczą związaną z konkursami o charakterze krajowym i regionalnym.
Microcrystalline Cellulose Management in the Production of Poly(ether-urethane)s- Structure, Morphology, and Thermal Characteristic
- Paulina Kasprzyk
- Kamila Błażek
- Janusz Datta
2020 FIBERS AND POLYMERS
In response to the demand of polymer industry for reducing the use of synthetic chemicals, eco-friendly materials are investigated. In the presented study, bio-based poly(ether-urethane)s were prepared by using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and polyether polyol and 1,3-propanediol derived from corn sugar. A step towards sustainability was taken by incorporating bio-based compounds and cellulose, consequently, bio-waste are utilized in a smart way. The new materials were synthesized via prepolymer method, while the cellulose fibers were added after the reaction. Structural studies of biocomposites were realized by FTIR technique. The number of free and hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups was determined based on the deconvolution of C=O band. Crystallinity was assessed on the basis of X-ray diffraction analysis. The influence of the MCC content on the thermo-mechanical, thermal and selected mechanical properties has been demonstrated. Results obtained by SEM method showed that the higher degree of reinforcement led to the formation of aggregates reflecting their poor dispersion in the polymer matrix. It may probably result from the relatively weaker interaction between MCC and PU matrix. On the other hand, it was found that the incorporation of fibers improved the thermo-mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared materials. This work provides an effective way of using bio-renewable chemicals in the polyurethane industry without using additional processing apparatus and chemical processes. The used method makes it possible to obtain materials with high bio-content and satisfactory thermal characteristic.
Microencapsulation of fish oil – determination of optimal wall material and encapsulation methodology
- Natalia Łozińska
- Agnieszka Głowacz-Różyńska
- Wojciech Artichowicz
- Yuanqi Lu
- Christian Jungnickel
2020 JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
For the first time, we present a meta-analysis of experimental and literature data to determine which microencapsulation methodology, and which wall material are best suited to protect fish oil. Our analysis covered a period of several decades of research (1984–2018). The analysis was conducted on 196 literature data-points, and 16 data-points determined experimentally for this publication. PLS regression was used to determine the influence of the predictors, with a variety of rational (k-means, Kohonen SOM, and Kennard-Stone) and random training/test division methods. Analysis of the applicability domain, determined by calculating the convex hull of the points, clearly showed that rational division methods are better than random division. It was found, that spray-granulation is best suited to protect fish oil. On the other hand, the commonly cited method of spray-drying performs quite badly. In addition, we found that the best wall materials are protein + lipid + carbohydrate and protein + lipid. The commonly used protein + carbohydrate again fared poorly. Meta-analysis such as these are crucial for the overview of methods and materials employed in the design of functional foods.
Microscale diamond protection for a ZnO coated fiber optic sensor
- Monika Kosowska
- Paulina Listewnik
- Daria Majchrowicz
- Michał Rycewicz
- Mikhael Bechelany
- Yafit Fleger
- Mingzhou Chen
- Dror Fixler
- Kishan Dholakia
- Małgorzata Szczerska
2020 Full text Scientific Reports
Fiber optic sensors are widely used in environmental, biological and chemical sensing. Due to the demanding environmental conditions in which they can be used, there is a risk of damaging the sensor measurement head placed in the measuring field. Sensors using nanolayers deposited upon the fiber structure are particularly vulnerable to damage. A thin film placed on the surface of the fiber end-face can be prone to mechanical damage or deteriorate due to unwanted chemical reactions with the surrounding agent. In this paper, we investigated a sensor structure formed with a Zinc Oxide (ZnO) coating, deposited by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) on the tip of a single-mode fiber. A nanocrystalline diamond sheet (NDS) attached over the ZnO is described. The diamond structure was synthesized in a Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition System. The deposition processes of the nanomaterials, the procedure of attaching NDS to the fiber end-face covered with ZnO, and the results of optical measurements are presented.
Microscopic traffic simulation models for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) – state-of-the-art
- Paweł Gora
- Cristos Kartakazas
- Arkadiusz Drabicki
- Faqhrul Islam
- Piotr Ostaszewski
2020 Full text Procedia Computer Science
Research on connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) has been gaining substantial momentum in recent years. However, thevast amount of literature sources results in a wide range of applied tools and datasets, assumed methodology to investigate thepotential impacts of future CAVs traffic, and, consequently, differences in the obtained findings. This limits the scope of theircomparability and applicability and calls for a proper standardization in this field of research. The objective of this paper is tocontribute towards bridging this gap by providing a summary of the state-of-the-art literature review regarding microscopicsimulation models for connected and automated vehicles.