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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2024

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  • Concept of Multifactor Method and Non-Functional Requirements Solution to Increase Resilience through Functional Safety with Cybersecurity Analysis
    • Emilian Piesik
    • Marcin Śliwiński
    • Narayanan Subramanian
    • Janusz Zalewski
    2024 Full text Eksploatacja i Niezawodność - Maintenance and Reliability

    In the process of designing safety systems, an integrated approach in safety and cybersecurity analysis is necessary. The paper describes a new technique of increasing resilience through integrated analysis of functional safety and cybersecurity. It is a modeling methodology based on the combination of the multifactor method utilizing modified risk graphs, used previously for Safety Integrity Level (SIL) assessment, and the Non-Functional Requirements (NFR) approach. The NFR approach, based on the analysis of graphical representation of conceptual and physical components of the system, contributes a technique to include cybersecurity through the Softgoal Interdependency Graph. The assessment methodology is outlined in detail and applied to a case study involving an industrial control system. The analysis turns out to be effective in both aspects: confirming the findings of the multifactor approach based on modified risk graphs and complementing the traditional analysis to increase resilience in discovering and mitigating security vulnerabilities for SIL assessment by the use of NFR

  • Concept of Wireless Low-Voltage DC Socket for the Residential House Application
    • Viktor Shevchenko
    • Oleksandr Husev
    • Bohdan Pakhaliuk
    • Dmitri Vinnikov
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    2024 Full text IEEE Access

    The proposed research is devoted to the comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of the concept of the wireless low power dc socket for residential applications. The main goal of this work is to provide safe dc source for residential customers at power level which is enough in order to supply all typical appliances without power factor correctors. Such types of devices can be already connected to the dc grid and decoupled from ac grid. This paper considers several typical solutions that can be used for realization. The comparative analysis of an LLC converter with a series-parallel compensation circuit is one of the outputs of this paper. Eventually, simulation and experimental verification is given. The main advantages and constraints are discussed in the conclusions.

  • Conceptual design of shore station for an innovative waste collecting vessel
    • Karol Niklas
    • Hanna Pruszko
    • Maciej Reichel
    • J. Jaworska
    • Ewa Marcinkiewicz
    2024 Full text

    Marine environment protection legislation in the EU requires ships to return waste they generate on voyages to waste-reception facilities in ports. In many harbors there is a need to expand the port infrastructure to enable the operation of Waste Collecting Vessels (WCVs). In addition, these vessels can perform new functions of cleaning port basins and adjacent waterways. A novelty in the presented research on the conceptual design of the shore station is the inclusion of new requirements for an autonomy and modularization of the vessel. The shore station was designed in the form of a floating pontoon, taking into account the various functional requirements addressed in the ship's conceptual design stage. The pontoon consists of modules corresponding to the ship segments moored in them. The conceptual design was intentionally defined in a generalized form to allow for further development and adaptation to local requirements at individual ports.

  • Consideration of Pseudo Strain Energy in Determination of Fatigue Life and Microdamage Healing of Asphalt Mastics
    • Dawid Ryś
    • Cezary Szydłowski
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE

    Rest periods between cyclic loads can lead to recovery of damage and extension of fatigue life. This phenomenon is referred to as healing. Healing is clearly observed in bituminous materials, such as asphalt mastics, which belong to the components of asphalt mixtures. Due to the nature of road pavement traffic loading, which is characterized by series of intermittent pulses with rest periods, consideration of healing is necessary for accurate fatigue life estimation. Nevertheless, the vast majority of existing methods relies on relationships established using continuous load conditions. The paper presents a new approach to fatigue life determination, based on pseudo strain energy density. Two components of energy released in fatigue test are considered: the energy responsible for damage growth and the energy consumed to counteract the healing effect. Theoretical derivations were verified in experimental tests, which were performed on asphalt mastics using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR). It was shown that fatigue life increases with the duration of rest periods on a linear-log scale. Moreover, fatigue life and healing abilities of the analysed asphalt mastics were affected by the type of bitumen and filler, as well as the ageing process.

  • Contemporary and Conventional Passive Methods of Intensifying Convective Heat Transfer—A Review
    • Ewa Kozłowska
    • Marek Szkodo
    2024 ENERGIES

    The ever-increasing demand for effective heat dissipation and temperature control in industrial and everyday applications highlights a critical research problem. The need for development is not only in terms of providing thermal comfort to humans but also forms the basis for the efficient operation of machines and equipment. Cooling of industrial machinery and household electronic equipment is a crucial element in any manufacturing process, and the planning and design of appropriate cooling systems continues to be an integral part of the machine design and construction process. Manufacturers aim to maximize performance while minimizing size and weight. This article reviews widely used passive methods to enhance heat transfer, focusing on their effectiveness in improving convective heat transfer. The techniques examined include surface modifications and advanced materials like foamed metals and nanostructured coatings, which influence turbulence and heat transfer coefficients. The key findings demonstrate that surface roughness, perforated fins, and twisted tapes enhance fluid mixing but may increase flow resistance. The review underscores the significance of these passive methods in optimizing cooling system efficiency across various applications. Despite the variety of techniques available, many areas, especially those involving laser beam modifications, remain underexplored, indicating a need for further research in this field.

  • Continuous Biomedical Monitoring in VR Scenarios of Socially Smart and Safe Autonomous Vehicle Interaction
    • Tomasz Kocejko
    • Abdeljalil Abbas-turki
    • Alexandre Brunoud
    2024

    Pedestrians, as vulnerable road users, pose safety challenges for autonomous vehicles (AVs). Their behavior, often unpredictable and subject to change, complicates AV-pedestrian interactions. To address this uncertainty, AV s can enhance safety by communicating their planned trajectories to pedestrians. In this research, we explore the interaction between pedestrians and autonomous vehicles within an industrial environment, focusing on how communicative behavior from the vehicles influences pedestrians' physiology. We investigate the possibility of mea-suring biosignals while participants wear a VR headset and experiment a pedestrian crossing. Our preliminary study reveals subtle variations in delta rhythms when users immersed in VR simulations interact with AV s that either provide or withhold additional information.

  • Continuum contact model for friction between graphene sheets that accounts for surface anisotropy and curvature
    • Aningi Mokhalingam
    • Shakti Gupta
    • Roger Sauer
    2024 PHYSICAL REVIEW B

    Understanding the interaction mechanics between graphene layers and co-axial carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is essential for modeling graphene and CNT-based nanoelectromechanical systems. This work proposes a new continuum contact model to study interlayer interactions between curved graphene sheets. The continuum model is calibrated and validated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These are carried out employing the reactive empirical bond order (REBO)+Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential to model the interactions within a sheet, while the LJ, Kolmogorov-Crespi (KC), and Lebedeva potentials are used to model the interactions between sheets. The continuum contact model is formulated for separation distances greater than 0.29 nm, when sliding contact becomes non-dissipative and can be described by a potential. In this regime, sheet deformations are sufficiently small and do not affect the sheet interactions substantially. This allows to treat the master contact surface as rigid, thus simplifying the contact formulation greatly. The model calibration is conducted systematically for a sequence of different stackings using existing and newly proposed ansatz functions. The calibrated continuum model is then implemented in a curvilinear finite element (FE) shell formulation to investigate the pull-out and twisting interactions between co-axial CNTs. The resisting pull-out forces and torques depend strongly on the chirality of the considered CNTs. The absolute differences between FE and MD results are very small, and can be attributed to model assumptions and loading conditions.

  • Controlled engineering of Bi4O5Br2 and BiOBr via interactions imidazolium ionic liquids and medium during synthesis as a simple method for enhancement of photocatalytic activity
    • Aleksandra Bielicka-giełdoń
    • Patrycja Wilczewska
    • Rafał Ślusarz
    • Artur P. Terzyk
    • Patrycja Parnicka
    • Karol Szczodrowski
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Fei Qi
    • Ewa Siedlecka
    2024 Catalysis Science & Technology

    Ionic liquid-mediated synthesis of Bi4O5Br2 and BiOBr was carried out in non-polar solvents (glycerol, ethylene glycol) and a polar solvent (0.1 M mannitol). The effect of elongation of alkyl side chains (C4mim+, C8mim+, and C16mim+) of imidazolium ionic liquids, which act as a source of bromide and template, on the morphological, optical, and photocatalytic properties of materials was investigated. The crystallite size, morphology, particle size, energy bandgap, and exposure of (110), (001), and (102) facets were effectively tuned by selecting the proper ionic liquid–solvent system. The self-assembly of ILs and their role in forming Bi-based crystallites in non-polar and polar solvents differed. The most effective 5-fluorouracil was photooxidized over the samples prepared in C4mim+ – 0.1 M mannitol solution, while the best Cr(VI) photoreduction occurred with the sample formed in C4mim+ – glycerol. Molecular dynamics simulation correlated the length of alkyl side chains of imidazolium ILs with an increase in the number of “free” –OH groups of the solvent, which interacted with BiOBr nuclei during synthesis, fine-tuning its photocatalytic activity.

  • Controlling nodal displacement of pantographic structures using matrix condensation and interior-point optimization: A numerical and experimental study
    • Ahmed Manguri
    • Najmadeen Saeed
    • Robert Jankowski
    2024 ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    This study presents an innovative approach for the precise control of nodal displacements in pantographic structures. The method is founded on the Matrix Condensation of Force Method, seamlessly integrated with an Interior Point Optimization algorithm. This combination offers a unique advantage by allowing users to manipulate displaced nodes within a defined coordination domain. Furthermore, this approach introduces the Interior Point Optimization algorithm as an indispensable tool to eliminate inactive turnbuckles and minimize overall actuation requirements. Traditional control methods typically demand a substantial number of turnbuckles and extensive actuation efforts to attain the desired nodal coordinates. The interconnected nature of node movements, wherein changes in one node affect others, adds complexity to determining the impact of bar length alterations on each node. To address this challenge, precisely control power of the Interior Point Optimization algorithm systematically explores numerous scenarios to identify solutions that minimize both actuation and turnbuckle usage. The current technique's effectiveness is validated through rigorous comparisons with established methods, experimental modeling, and rigorous testing using SAP 2000 software. Notably, the current approach yields remarkable results, requiring a staggering 60% less actuation and reducing the reliance on turnbuckles by up to 40% compared to previous methods. This innovation promises to significantly enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of controlling pantographic structures, marking a substantial advancement in this field.

  • Controlling the europium oxidation state in diopside through flux concentration
    • N. Górecka
    • Tadeusz Lesniewski
    • Sebastian Mahlik
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Y.-T. Tsai
    • Aleksandra Bielicka-giełdoń
    • Karol Szczodrowski
    2024 DALTON TRANSACTIONS

    This paper explores the connection between the H3BO3 flux concentration and the co-existence of Eu2+ and Eu3+ dopants within CaMgSi2O6 crystals (diopside). The samples were synthesised using a solid-state synthesis method under varying atmospheric conditions, including oxidative (air), neutral (N2), and reductive (H2/N2 mixture) environments. Additionally, some materials underwent chemical modification by partially substituting Si4+ with Al3+ ions acting as charge compensation defects stabilizing Eu3+ luminescence. Depending on the specific synthesis conditions, the materials predominantly displayed either the orange-red luminescence of Eu3+ (under oxidising conditions) or the blue luminescence of Eu2+; however, the comprehensive results confirmed the co-existence of Eu3+/Eu2+ luminescence in both cases. This work shows that varying flux concentrations added during synthesis significantly affect the relative strength of Eu2+ and Eu3+ emissions in a manner dependent on the synthesis atmosphere. The emission of Eu2+ increases with a higher flux concentration in materials synthesised under oxidative and neutral atmospheres independent of the chemical modification. In contrast, for materials obtained under a reductive atmosphere, the changes in the Eu3+ emission intensity depended on the presence or absence of Al3+ ions namely the increase of flux increased the Eu3+ intensity in the case of unmodified materials and decreased in the Al-modified ones. All observed effects were qualitatively explained considering the double role of the flux in the studied system, which besides facilitating the diffusion of chemical species during synthesis acts as a charge compensating agent by creating B′Si centres stabilizing Eu3+ emission.

  • Convenient and efficient N-methylation of secondary amines under solvent-free ball milling conditions
    • Mikołaj Walter
    • Olga Ciupak
    • Karol Biernacki
    • Janusz Rachoń
    • Dariusz Witt
    • Sebastian Demkowicz
    2024 Full text Scientific Reports

    In the present work, we report the development of a rapid, efcient, and solvent-free procedure for the N-methylation of secondary amines under mechanochemical conditions. After optimization of the milling parameters, a vibrational ball mill was used to synthesize 26 tertiary N-methylated amine derivatives in a short time of 20 min (30 Hz frequency) and high yields ranging from 78 to 95%. An exception was compounds having a hydroxyl group in their structure, for which a decrease in reaction efciency was observed. During our research, we investigated alternate reaction selectivity occurring in compounds able to form ring closure products that are 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine derivatives instead of N-methylated products. The liquid-assisted grinding technique has been applied using formalin as a methylating agent and sodium triacetoxyborohydride as a reducing agent in a reductive amination reaction.

  • Corncob-supported calcium oxide nanoparticles from hen eggshells for cadmium (Cd-II) removal from aqueous solutions; Synthesis and characterization
    • Werkne Sorsa Muleta
    • Sultan Mulisa Denboba
    • Abreham Bayu
    2024 Full text Heliyon

    This study investigated the efficient removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions using calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) synthesized from waste hen eggshells using a Sol-gel method and supported on corncob bio-adsorbent. The synthesized CaO NPs were characterized using FT-IR, XRD, specific surface area, and TGA. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to examine the influence of process parameters such as adsorbent dosages, initial Cd (II) concentrations, pH values, and contact times. XRD analysis revealed that the synthesized CaO nanoparticles had a size of 24.34 nm and a specific surface area of 77.4 m2 g. The optimal conditions for achieving the highest percent removal of cadmium (99.108%) were found to be an initial concentration of 55 ppm, pH 7, adsorbent dose of 0.75 g, and contact time of 50 min. The experimental removal efficiency closely matched the predicted value (99.0%), indicating the suitability of the method used in optimizing the removal of Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions. These findings, corroborated by predicted values, underscore the efficacy of our method in optimizing cadmium removal. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that corncob-supported CaO NPs are optimized for their highest efficiency and hold great promise as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for wastewater treatment with a focus on cadmium removal.

  • Corporate social responsibility and forward default risk under firm and industry heterogeneity
    • Muhammad Mushafiq
    • Błażej Prusak
    • Magdalena Markiewicz
    2024 Full text Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review

    Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of corporate social responsibility on forward default risk (FDR) under the setting of firm and industry heterogeneity. Research Design & Methods: This study evaluated the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on FDR using the data of 497 companies from 2007-2021 in the S&P 500 index, taking into account firm and industry heterogeneity aspects. This study utilized instrumental variable regression using the generalized method of moments (IV-GMM) estimation technique which is robust for controlling the pertinent issue of endogeneity. Findings: This study found a negative relationship between CSR and FDR in the full sample. From the firm size aspect, this study found that CSR is more effective in mitigating FDR in large-cap firms than in mid-cap firms. Firm age heterogeneity exhibited a distinct behaviour, as young and middle-aged firms had a stronger impact on FDR management in comparison to old firms. Industry heterogeneity showed that industries with higher customer interaction have a higher impact on corporate social responsibility to control FDR. Industries with lower customer interaction have a lower impact on corporate social responsibility and FDR. Implications & Recommendations: We proposed some policy recommendations based on the findings in the context of firm and industry heterogeneity. Especially the management of mid-cap and young corporations should improve the CSR policy to enhance CSR performance which would lead to stabilized protection against FDR. Similarly, consumer-intensive industries should also focus on enhancing CSR initiatives to decrease FDR. Non-consumer-intensive industries should focus on enhancing CSR policy and at the same time pay particular attention to communicating CSR results to end consumers to reduce FDR. Contribution & Value Added: This study is the first to explore CSR’s impact on financial parameters under heterogeneity.

  • Correlations of structural, thermal and electrical properties of sodium doped complex borophosphosilicate glass
    • Zuzanna Milewczyk
    • Sharafat Ali
    • Piotr Okoczuk
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Ryszard Barczyński
    • Natalia Wójcik
    2024 Full text CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL

    Borophosphosilicate glasses with varying sodium ion concentrations were investigated for their, structural, thermal, and electrical properties. All the obtained glasses were transparent except the glass with the highest sodium content, which exhibited translucency due to inhomogeneities. Increasing sodium content led to reduced boron and silicon content while maintaining a constant B/Si ratio, indicating progressive depolymerization of the glass network. Confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy showed homogeneous and granular structure for samples with lower sodium content, but higher sodium content resulted in visible agglomeration/nanocrystallization. X-ray diffractograms showed amorphous nature for most samples, with samples doped with the highest concentrations of Na2O showing several broad reflections suggesting nanoscale crystallinity. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed shifts in dominant bands with increasing sodium content, indicating depolymerization of the borate network. An observed decrease in glass transition temperature and thermal stability with increasing sodium content was attributed to depolymerization and formation of non-bridging oxygens. Impedance spectroscopy revealed two relaxation processes associated with the transport of Na+ ions through two different regions. DC conductivity and activation energy predominantly increased with the sodium ion content at high temperatures.

  • Corrigendum to “An investigation on residual stress and fatigue life assessment of T-shape welded joints” [Eng. Fail. Anal. 141 (2022) 106685]
    • Jeetendra Mourya
    • Greg Wheatley
    • Mohammed Nizam Khan
    • Reza Masoudi Nejad
    • Ricardo Branco
    • Wojciech Macek
    2024 ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS

    This paper aims to quantitatively evaluate the residual stress and fatigue life of T-type welded joints with a multi-pass weld in different direction. The main research objectives of the experimental test were to test the residual stress by changing direction along with multiple wielding passes and determine the fatigue life of the welded joints. The result shows that compressive residual stress increases in the sample gradually from single-pass weld to double and triple-pass weld. Moreover, the fatigue life of the specimen also gradually improves with an increasing number of welding passes. Performing multi-pass welding in different directions affects the material’s residual stress and fatigue life, which is an essential factor to consider for assuring the strength of the welded joint.

  • Corrigendum to “Experimental analysis on the risk of vortex ventilation and the free surface ventilation of marine propellers”
    • Anna Kozłowska
    2024 APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH

    The paper presents a discussion of the ventilation inception and air drawing prediction of ships propellers, aiming to predict under what conditions ventilation will happen, and the actual physical mechanism of the ventilation.

  • Corrigendum to “Fatigue life improvement using low transformation temperature weld material with measurement of residual stress” [Int. J. Fatigue 164 (2022) 107137]
    • Jordan Franks
    • Greg Wheatley
    • Pedram Zamani
    • Reza Masoudi Nejad
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Ricardo Branco
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE

    Welding processes often produce high levels of tensile residual stress. Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding wires utilise phase transformation strains to overcome the thermal contraction of a cooling weld. In this paper, the residual stress within each weld was quantified using the milling/strain gauge method, being the strain change measured as the weldment was milled away. The fatigue tests were conducted under uniaxial loading considering two types of LTT materials. The results show that the crack propagation of all samples was similar in cycles although both LTT materials extended the crack initiation, and, therefore, the overall life of the part. It was found that both LTT materials reduced the residual tensile stresses, increased the residual compressive stresses, leading to increase in fatigue life about 30%.

  • Corrigendum to “The influence of α,ω-diols and SiO2 particles on CO2 absorption and NH3 escaping during carbon dioxide capture in ammonia solutions” [J. CO2 Util. 80 (2024) 102698]
    • Temesgen Amibo
    • Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa
    2024 Full text Journal of CO2 Utilization

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  • Corrosion damage identification based on the symmetry of propagating wavefield measured by a circular array of piezoelectric transducers: Theoretical, experimental and numerical studies
    • Beata Zima
    • Jochen Moll
    2024 Full text MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

    The article investigates the results obtained from numerical simulations and experimental tests concerning the propagation of guided waves in corroded steel plates. Developing innovative methodologies for assessing corrosion-induced degradation is crucial for accurately diagnosing offshore and ship structures exposed to harsh environmental conditions. The main aim of the research is to analyze how surface irregularities affect wave propagation characteristics. An investigation was conducted for antisymmetric fundamental mode A0. Specifically, the study examines the asymmetrical wavefronts generated by nonuniform thickness in damaged specimens. Initially, numerical analysis explores the impact of thickness variation on wave field symmetry. Corroded plates with varying levels of degradation are modeled using the random fields approach, with degradation levels ranging from 0 % to 60 %. Subsequently, the research investigates how the standard deviation of thickness distribution (from 5 % to 20 % of the initial thickness) and excitation frequency (from 50 to 150 kHz) influence recorded signals and the shape of reconstructed wavefronts. Each scenario compares wavefront symmetry levels estimated using rotational and bilateral symmetry degrees as indicative parameters. The numerical simulations are complemented by experimental tests conducted on plates with three different degradation levels. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed wave field analysis approach for assessing structural integrity, as evidenced by the agreement between numerical predictions and experimental observations.

  • Corrosion Inhibition of AZ31-xLi (x = 4, 8, 12) magnesium alloys in sodium chloride solutions by aqueous molybdate
    • Maria Osipenko
    • Andrei Paspelau
    • Aliaksandr Kasach
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Konrad Skowron
    • Janusz Adamiec
    • Irina Kurilo
    • Dmitry Kharitonov
    2024 CORROSION SCIENCE

    Corrosion of lithium-containing AZ31 magnesium alloys AZ31-xLi (x = 4, 8, and 12 wt%) has been examined in 0.05 M NaCl solution with and without 10–150 mM of Na2MoO4 inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) measurements were used to correlate the phase composition and microstructure of the alloys with their corrosion propensity and effectiveness of the molybdate inhibitor, giving high inhibition efficiency (>85%) at concentrations higher than ca. 35 mM. Post-corrosion microstructure, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses allowed to provide the inhibition mechanism of AZ31-xLi alloys by molybdate ions.