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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2024

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  • FEM simulations applied to the failure analysis of RC structure under the influence of municipal sewage pressure
    • Łukasz Skarżyński
    • Ireneusz Marzec
    2024 ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS

    The paper discusses a failure mechanism of reinforced concrete (RC) structure with steel cover that failed under the influence of municipal sewage pressure. To explain the reasons of failure, in-situ measurements, laboratory experiments and comprehensive Finite Element Method (FEM) computations were performed. Non-destructive in-situ scanning tests were carried out to determine quantity and cover thickness of embedded reinforcement bars, simultaneously, laboratory tests regarding concrete and shotcrete thickness, density and compressive strength were performed on samples prepared from core drills taken from the RC structure. FEM computations were carried out with the constitutive continuum model for concrete and steel with material parameters designated on the basis of stress-strain curves in uniaxial compression and uniaxial tension, respectively. An isotropic coupled elasto-plastic-damage formulation based on the strain equivalence hypothesis was used. In order to describe strain localization in concrete, model was enhanced in a softening regime by a characteristic length of micro-structure by means of a non-local theory. FEM analyses were carried out for different values of sewage pressure. The main attention was paid to the evolution of steel cover deformation and strain localization of the RC ceiling slab. FEM results revealed strong dependence between a bond-slip between anchors and steel cover deformation as well as between sewage pressure value and strain localization pattern of RC structure. Mechanism of the structure failure under complex loading conditions was realistically captured and its reasons were discussed in detail.

  • Femtosecond laser ablated trench array for improving performance of commercial solid oxide cell
    • Mohamed A. Baba
    • Bartłomiej Lemieszek
    • Mantas Sriubas
    • Brigita Abakevičiene
    • Sigitas Tamulevičius
    • Sebastian Molin
    • Tomas Tamulevičius
    2024 JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES

    The performance of electrode-supported solid oxide cells (SOCs) is limited adversely by gas diffusion impedance in thick and porous support. This work focuses on the improvement of gas transport properties of commercial Ni-YSZ anode-supported SOFC by femtosecond laser-based micromachining where micro-holes of identical depth but different hole separations pitches with minimal heated affected zones were imposed. The polarization resistance calculations and DRT analysis revealed that the presence of the micro-holes improves fuel transport in the anode active zone of commercial SOFC. The presence of the micro-holes resulted in up to 20.8 % and up to 17.2 % reduction in polarization resistance for dry H2 and wet H2 gas-fueled SOFC samples, respectively. Moreover, the decrease in intensity of peaks responsible for fuel diffusion with increasing micro-holed density was observed. Therefore, dense and sparse cells exhibited a performance augmentation of 25 % and 11 % in dry H2 and enhancement of 16 % and 15.6 % in wet H2, respectively. Fs-laser ablation appeared as a unique capability for the post-processing of SOFC elements via imposing different gas channel geometries.

  • Fenomen, logos, eidos. Język w fenomenologii Edmunda Husserla. Fundamenta. Studia z historii filozofii
    • Andrzej Lisak
    2024

    Praca analizuje relacje między filozofią fenomenologiczną Edmunda Husserla a jej językiem, jako że każda filozofia jest tworem językowym. W pierwszej części praca analizuje relacje między językiem i światem z perspektywy fenomenologii podejmując takie kwestie jak husserlowska filozofia języka, problem bezpośredniości doświadczenia, relacje między językiem, myślą i rzeczywistością. W drugiej części praca analizuje język metody fenomenologicznej jak i zarazem język filozofii fenomenologicznej podejmując kwestie opisu fenomenologicznego, relacji między istotą rzeczy a jej językowym ujęciem , jak i problem języka w kontekście redukcji fenomenologicznej. Monografia analizuje relacje fenomenologii, ze względu na jej traktowanie języka do filozofii analitycznej i hermeneutyki. Praca pokazuje na jakie trudności w rozumieniu medium języka pojawiają się w modelu fenomenologii noetyczno-noematycznej.

  • Ferromagnetism and structural phase transition in rhombohedral PrIr3
    • Karolina Górnicka
    • Michał Winiarski
    • Robert J. Cava
    • Michael A. McGuire
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    2024 PHYSICAL REVIEW B

    The synthesis, structural, magnetic, thermal, and transport properties are reported for polycrystalline PrIr3. At room temperature PrIr3 displays the rhombohedral space group R-3m and a PuNi3-type structure. At around 70 K a phase transition to a monoclinic C2/m structure is observed and continued cooling reveals temperature independent behavior of the unit cell volume. Further, PrIr3 undergoes a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition with Tc = 7.5K. The temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility follows the Curie-Weiss law with a positive Curie-Weiss temperature, and an effective moment that is close to the theoretical effective moment for a free Pr+3 ion. The structural transition introduces further complexity into the behavior of PuNi3-type materials and highlights the importance of temperature-dependent structural studies to complement physical property measurements in intermetallic compounds.

  • Few-Layer Black Phosphorus/Chitosan Nanocomposite Electrodes via Controlled Electrodeposition for Enhanced Electrochemical Kinetic Performance
    • Paweł Jakóbczyk
    • Iwona Kaczmarzyk
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2024 Journal of Physical Chemistry C

    This study presents the preparation and characterization of few-layer black phosphorus (FLBP) chitosan electrodes by controlled electrochemical deposition of chitosan nanoparticles on FLBP-modified glassy carbon electrodes. FLBP was prepared by solvent-assisted exfoliation of bulk BP and was further modified with chitosan forming together a nanocomposite, including easy cross-linking with nanomaterials and film-forming properties. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to analyze the kinetic properties of electrodes fabricated at different electrochemical deposition durations of chitosan, revealing distinct reduction and oxidation peaks using 10 V. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was employed to further characterize the investigated FLBP-chitosan nanocomposites, which provides valuable insights into the electrode material properties. The controlled electrochemical deposition of chitosan nanoparticles on FLBP-modified glassy carbon electrodes opens up possibilities for developing a wide range of electrochemical sensors and devices for energy storage applications.

  • Field Calibration of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors Using Artificial Neural Networks and Affine Response Correction
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Marek Wójcikowski
    • Bogdan Pankiewicz
    2024 Full text MEASUREMENT

    Due to detrimental effects of atmospheric particulate matter (PM), its accurate monitoring is of paramount importance, especially in densely populated urban areas. However, precise measurement of PM levels requires expensive and sophisticated equipment. Although low-cost alternatives are gaining popularity, their reliability is questionable, attributed to sensitivity to environmental conditions, inherent instability, and manufacturing imperfections. The objectives of this paper include (i) introduction of an innovative approach to field calibration for low-cost PM sensors using artificial intelligence methods, (ii) implementation of the calibration procedure involving optimized artificial neural network (ANN) and combined multiplicative and additive correction of the low-cost sensor readings, (iii) demonstrating the efficacy of the presented technique using a custom-designed portable PM monitoring platform and reference data acquired from public measurement stations. The results obtained through comprehensive experiments conducted using the aforementioned low-cost sensor and reference data demonstrate remarkable accuracy for the calibrated sensor, with correlation coefficients of 0.86 for PM1 and PM2.5, and 0.76 PM10 (particles categorized as having diameter equal to or less than 1m, 2.5m, and 10m, respectively), along with low RMSE values of only 3.1, 4.1, and 4.9 µg/m³.

  • Fine-Tuning the Photocatalytic Activity of the Anatase {1 0 1} Facet through Dopant-Controlled Reduction of the Spontaneously Present Donor State Density
    • Szymon Dudziak
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Adam Ostrowski
    • Grzegorz Trykowski
    • Kostiantyn Nikiforow
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    2024 Full text ACS Materials Au

    The present study highlights the importance of the net density of charge carriers at the ground state on photocatalytic activity of the faceted particles, which can be seen as a highly underexplored problem. To investigate it in detail, we have systematically doped {1 0 1} enclosed anatase nanoparticles with Gd3+ ions to manipulate the charge carrier concentration. Furthermore, control experiments using an analogical Nb5+ doped sample were performed to discuss photocatalytic activity in the increased range of free electrons. Overall results showed significant enhancement of phenol degradation rate and coumarin hydroxylation, together with an increase of the designed Gd/Ti ratio up to 0.5 at. %. Simultaneously, the mineralization efficiency, measured as a TOC reduction, was controlled between the samples. The observed activity enhancement is connected with the controlled decrease of the donor state density within the materials, being the net effect of the spontaneously present defects and introduced dopants, witch reduce hydroxylation and the hole trapping ability of the {1 0 1} facets. This allows to fine-tune multi-/single-electron processes occurring over the prepared samples, leading to clear activity maxima for 4-nitrophenol reduction, H2O2 generation, and ·OH formation observed for different donor densities. The optimized material exceeds the activity of the TiO2 P25 for phenol degradation by 52% (377% after surface normalization), showing its suitable design for water treatment. These results present a promising approach to boost photocatalyst activity as the combined result of the exposed crystal facet and dopant-optimized density of ground-state charge carriers.

  • Finger Vein Presentation Attack Detection Method Using a Hybridized Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix Feature with Light-Gradient Boosting Machine Model
    • Kashif Shaheed
    • Piotr Szczuko
    • Inam Ullah
    • Hammed Mojeed
    • Abdullateef O. Balogun
    • Luiz Fernando Capretz
    2024 Full text

    Presentation Attack Detection (PAD) is crucial in biometric finger vein recognition. The susceptibility of these systems to forged finger vein images is a significant challenge. Existing approaches to mitigate presentation attacks have computational complexity limitations and limited data availability. This study proposed a novel method for identifying presentation attacks in finger vein biometric systems. We have used optimal Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) features with the Light-Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) classification model. We use statistical texture attributes namely, energy, correlation, and contrast to extract optimal features from counterfeit and authentic finger-vein images. The study investigates cluster-pixel connectivity in finger vein images. Our approach is tested using K-fold cross-validation and compared to existing methods. Results demonstrate that Light-GBM outperforms other classifiers. The proposed classifier achieved low APCER values of 2.73% and 8.80% compared to other classifiers. The use of Light-GBM in addressing presentation attacks in finger vein biometric systems is highly significant.

  • Fire evacuations of public places - theory and practise
    • Beata Świeczko-Żurek
    • Marcin Żurek
    2024

    Publikacja dotyczy ewakuacji pożarowych miejsc publicznych.

  • Fire-Retardant Flexible Foamed Polyurethane (PU)-Based Composites: Armed and Charmed Ground Tire Rubber (GTR) Particles
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Kamila Sałasińska
    • Daria Kowalkowska-Zedler
    • Mateusz Barczewski
    • Adam Piasecki
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Aleksander Hejna
    2024 Full text Polymers

    Inadequate fire resistance of polymers raises questions about their advanced applications. Flexible polyurethane (PU) foams have myriad applications but inherently suffer from very high flammability. Because of the dependency of the ultimate properties (mechanical and damping performance) of PU foams on their cellular structure, reinforcement of PU with additives brings about further concerns. Though they are highly flammable and known for their environmental consequences, rubber wastes are desired from a circularity standpoint, which can also improve the mechanical properties of PU foams. In this work, melamine cyanurate (MC), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) are used as well-known flame retardants (FRs) to develop highly fire-retardant ground tire rubber (GTR) particles for flexible PU foams. Analysis of the burning behavior of the resulting PU/GTR composites revealed that the armed GTR particles endowed PU with reduced flammability expressed by over 30% increase in limiting oxygen index, 50% drop in peak heat release rate, as well as reduced smoke generation. The Flame Retardancy Index (FRI) was used to classify and label PU/GTR composites such that the amount of GTR was found to be more important than that of FR type. The wide range of FRI (0.94–7.56), taking Poor to Good performance labels, was indicative of the sensitivity of flame retardancy to the hybridization of FR with GTR components, a feature of practicality. The results are promising for fire protection requirements in buildings; however, the flammability reduction was achieved at the expense of mechanical and thermal insulation performance.

  • First highly effective non-catalytic nitrobenzene reduction in UV/dithionite system with aniline production – Advanced reduction process (ARP) approach
    • Łukasz Cichocki
    • Lingshuai Kong
    • Chongqing Wang
    • Andrzej Przyjazny
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 Full text CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Advanced reduction processes (ARPs) are currently intensively investigated as an alternative to Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). The study presents efficient reduction of nitrobenzene under non-catalytic conditions through reaction with free radicals having reductive potential. Effective conversion of nitrobenzene in a model wastewater solution, was obtained for sodium dithionite (SDT)/ dithionite (DTN). The developed process provide a nitrobenzene reduction efficiency of > 99.9 % within 10 min under neutral conditions, ambient temperature, with a molar ratio of reductant to pollutant (rred) of 3. Additional UV radiation lowered by 10 % the dose of DTN. Interestingly, addition of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a photocatalyst did not show a positive effect. An extremely significant conclusion of this study is the observed excellent resistance of the reaction system to the negative influence of inorganic anions, with a reduction in efficiency in the following order: and dissolved organic matter (DOM) . The study showed that the process works effectively across the pH range from 3 to 12. Studies on the reaction mechanism revealed that sulfur dioxide anion radical ) was responsible for the main reduction effect. The main product of nitrobenzene reduction was aniline (>99.9 %). The total cost of purification process was USD 0.77/m3. The high efficiency, short process time, low cost, and lack of need for complicated equipment make this developed process potentially widely applicable in the industry. The developed method for the reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline is the first non-catalytic method with such high efficiency and without the formation of intermediate reaction products.

  • Flap Monitoring Techniques: A Review
    • Ignacy Rogoń
    • Agnieszka Rogoń
    • Mariusz Kaczmarek
    • Adam Bujnowski
    • Jerzy Wtorek
    • Filip Lachowski
    • Jerzy Jankau
    2024 Full text Journal of Clinical Medicine

    Postoperative tissue flap vitality monitoring enables early detection of clinical complications, allowing for intervention. Timely re-operation can prevent the need for extensive correction procedures, thus reducing healthcare costs and hospitalisation time. Statistics show that monitoring can increase the success rate of flap survival to 95\% or higher. However, despite the significant progress in monitoring techniques, major and minor complications, leading to the loss of the flap, still occur. This clinical application review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and findings in flap surgery reconstructions, transplants, and systems for their postoperative assessment. Literature from the years 1925 to 2024 has been reviewed to capture previous and current solutions for monitoring flap vitality. Clinically acclaimed methods and experimental techniques were classified and reviewed from a technical and clinical standpoint. Physical examination, metabolism change, ultrasound method, and electromagnetic (EM) radiation-based measurement methods were carefully evaluated from the perspective of their considered applications. Guidelines aiding engineers in the future design and development process of monitoring systems were proposed. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the monitoring techniques used in postoperative flap vitality monitoring. It also gives an overview of each approach and potential ways for future development.

  • Flicker Noise in Resistive Gas Sensors—Measurement Setups and Applications for Enhanced Gas Sensing
    • Janusz Smulko
    • Graziella Scandurra
    • Katarzyna Drozdowska
    • Andrzej Kwiatkowski
    • Carmine Ciofi
    • He Wen
    2024 Full text SENSORS

    We discuss the implementation challenges of gas sensing systems based on low-frequency noise measurements on chemoresistive sensors. Resistance fluctuations in various gas sensing materials, in a frequency range typically up to a few kHz, can enhance gas sensing by considering its intensity and the slope of power spectral density. The issues of low-frequency noise measurements in resistive gas sensors, specifically in two-dimensional materials exhibiting gas-sensing properties, are considered. We present measurement setups and noise-processing methods for gas detection. The chemoresistive sensors show various DC resistances requiring different flicker noise measurement approaches. Separate noise measurement setups are used for resistances up to a few hundred kΩ and for resistances with much higher values. Noise measurements in highly resistive materials (e.g., MoS2, WS2, and ZrS3) are prone to external interferences but can be modulated using temperature or light irradiation for enhanced sensing. Therefore, such materials are of considerable interest for gas sensing.

  • Floodsar: Automatic mapping of river flooding extent from multitemporal SAR imagery
    • Tomasz Berezowski
    • Szymon Niemiec
    • Andrzej Chybicki
    2024 Full text SoftwareX

    Floodsar is an open-source tool for automatic mapping of the flood extent from a time series of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. Floodsar is unsupervised, however, it requires defining the parameters search space, geographical area of interest, and some river gauge observations (e.g. water levels or discharges) time series that overlap temporarily with the SAR imagery. Applications of Floodsar are mainly in real-time monitoring and elaborating long-time series of historical data. Floodsar features two algorithms for flood extent mapping. The 1D algorithm identifies a flood/no-flood threshold in one SAR polarization. The 2D algorithm performs clustering on two SAR polarizations at the same time. Floodsar chooses the optimal threshold or the composition of clusters by maximizing the correlation between the resulting flood area and the river gauge observations. Floodsar was tested on three case studies with different land uses to illustrate its performance. The 2D algorithm performed on average the best with the average kappa=0.78, yet the less complex 1D/VV algorithm obtained similar results.

  • Flow through a prosthetic mechanical aortic valve: Numerical model and experimental study
    • Marcin Nowak
    • Eduardo Divo
    • Tomasz Borkowski
    • Ewelina Marciniak
    • Marek Rojczyk
    • Ryszard Bialecki
    2024 Full text COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS

    This research presents a numerical model dedicated for virtual patient diagnostics in the field of synthetic valve implantation. The model operates based on computational fluid dynamics solver with implemented rigid body motion solver. Characteristic indicators related to the prosthetic valve were determined to assess the correctness of cardiac system operation after implantation. A novel approach for dynamic time discretization was developed for reliable and time-efficient calculation. The solver efficiency and computational savings due to application of the developed time-discretization scheme is discussed. Numerical results were validated using experimental data acquired from a test rig, including mass flow meter, pressure transducers, and valve holder designed for this purpose. Multivariant analysis of the model constant was performed towards different levels of the valve resistance to motion. The in-house algorithm was prepared to automatically determine the prosthetic valve position from fast camera images.

  • Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing of Organic Vapors by Ink-Printed MoS2 Devices under UV Irradiation
    • Katarzyna Drozdowska
    • Janusz Smulko
    • Sergey Rumyantsev
    • Andrzej Kwiatkowski
    2024

    This work presents the results of fluctuationenhanced sensing (FES) of selected organic gases by MoS2 sensor fabricated via a simple ink printing method. We demonstrate that low-frequency noise measured under UV irradiation (275 nm) is more sensitive to different gases than measured in the dark. The noise at 1 Hz under UV light increased 3.3, 3.5, 1.6, and 2.9 times for chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and acetone ambiances, respectively. By comparing the noise spectra collected in the dark and under UV light, we report that irradiation has a visible effect on the noise in the lowest frequency range (0.125–10 Hz), changing mainly the slope of the spectra. Thus, each organic gas produces a distinct signature by affecting the noise amplitude and the shape of the spectrum. The differences in the characteristic noise features among organic vapors are ascribed to differences in their molecular configuration and polar properties.

  • Fluorescence of p-hydroxyazobenzocrowns – Tautomeric equilibrium effect
    • Paulina Szulc
    • Elżbieta Luboch
    • Andrzej Okuniewski
    • Ewa Wagner-Wysiecka
    2024 SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

    The spectroscopic properties of a series of para-hydroxyazobenzocrowns, including three novel compounds, were investigated using UV–Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy. This study presents, for the first time, determined quantum yield (QY) values for macrocycles of this category, ranging between 0.122 and 0.195. The highest values were obtained for crowns bearing two phenyl substituents in benzene rings. The impact of aromatic ring substituents and macroring size on the spectral characterization (1H NMR and FTIR) of p-hydroxyazobenzocrowns was examined in consideration of the azophenol ⇄ quinone-hydrazone tautomeric equilibrium. Dipole moments of p-hydroxyazobenzocrowns in the ground and excited states have been determined. The alignment between experimental findings and theoretical studies was established.

  • Forced Vibrations in a Dynamic System That Is Damped By a Mechanism Which Trans-Pass Through Its Singular Position
    • Krzysztof Lipiński
    2024

    The paper focuses on forced vibrations of a mechanical system. The system is composed of two structurally different parts: multibody modelled and finite elements modelled. To improve its numerical behaviour, author-proposed technique of tuning of modal properties is proposed. To combine the two sub-models, constraint equations are introduced and dynamics equations are extended with appropriate Lagrange multipliers. A slightly modified author-proposed technique of elimination of the multipliers is also presented. Assuming vibrations as undesired, effective method of energy dissipation is investigated. The present method is based on the modal disparity process. Due to specificity of configuration of the multibody part (its poses are close to its singular position), significant mathematical non-linearities are present. Physical properties of the model, and reactions to its harmonic excitation, are investigated. Calculations are performed for various sets of parameters expressing both: the model and the harmonic excitation. Efficiency of the damping method at the investigated region of the first resonance is confirmed.

  • Forecasting energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission of Vietnam by prognostic models based on explainable machine learning and time series
    • Thanh Tuan Le
    • Prabhakar Sharma
    • Sameh M. Osman
    • Marek Dzida
    • Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen
    • Minh Ho Tran
    • Dao Nam Cao
    • Viet Dung Tran
    2024 Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

    This study assessed the usefulness of algorithms in estimating energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Viet- nam, in which the training dataset was used to train the models linear regression, random forest, XGBoost, and AdaBoost, allowing them to comprehend the patterns and relationships between population, GDP, and carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption. The results revealed that random forest, XGBoost, and AdaBoost outperformed linear regression. Furthermore, for random forest, XGBoost, and AdaBoost, the coefficients of determination were higher, indicating a better fit to the data. Moreover, time series forecasting models such as autoregressive integrated moving average, seasonal autore- gressive integrated moving average, and exponential smoothing were used to predict future energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Vietnam. The models were trained and verified using historical data. The time series model findings showed that energy consumption rose steadily during the predicted timeframe. The autoregressive integrated moving aver- age model predicted 162258.77 ktoe of energy use by 2050, whereas the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average and exponential smoothing modes predicted 160673.8 ktoe and 153206.44 ktoe of energy use, respectively. By 2050, the autoregressive integrated moving average model anticipated 6.51 metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions per capita, the SARIMA model 7.769 metric tons, and the exponential smoothing model 6.22 metric tons. The findings show how machine learning techniques and time series models may be used to estimate energy usage and carbon dioxide emissions in Vietnam. These insights could assist Vietnam government in making informed judgments concerning energy planning and policy development

  • Forecasting of retail prices of liquid fuels in Poland
    • Mateusz Surowiec
    • Aneta Sobiechowska-Ziegert
    2024 Catallaxy

    Motivation: In recent years, the prices of liquid fuels in Poland have been rising , negatively affecting the country’s economy and the daily life of its inhabitants. Consequently, there is a need for effective forecasting of prices in fuel markets, as this could enable entrepreneurs and consumers to make more informed decisions. Aim: The objective of the article was to forecast the retail prices of EU95 petrol and diesel fuel using causal-effect econometric models. The study uses historical data on fuel prices in Poland from 2007.Q1 to 2022.Q2 and the forecast period is to cover the next four quarters. Materials and methods: In order to identify the most significant variables influencing the retail prices of liquid fuels in Poland, the relevant literature was consulted. The final models were constructed using the ordinary least squares method and were validated through selected statistical tests. Results: Based on the constructed models, successful forecasts were made for EU95 gasoline and diesel oil. The ob-tained values were subjected to ex-post analysis, which resulted in an RMSPE of 3.15% and 4.79% respectively, indicating a positive outcome.