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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Metody generowania energii
    • Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
    • Katarzyna Januszewicz
    2023

    Generowanie energii stanowi podstawę funkcjonowania społeczeństw i rozwoju gospodarki światowej. W różnych krajach kluczowe technologie, na których opiera się energetyka, są inne, co zależy zarówno od historycznych podstaw rozwoju tego sektora, postępu technicznego, jak i uwarunkowań politycznych, a co za tym idzie – legislacyjnych. W krajach Unii Europejskiej od wielu lat dominuje trend rozwoju energetyki opartej na źródłach odnawialnych. Jest to często trudne do pogodzenia z istniejącymi rozwiązaniami, gdy – tak jak w naszym kraju – przeważa energetyka oparta na węglu. W krajach wysoko rozwiniętych świadoma polityka państw zaowocowała rozwojem energetyki wiatrowej, słonecznej czy jądrowej. W bilansie niektórych krajów zagospodarowanie energetyczne odpadów stanowi nie tylko uzupełnienie niedoborów paliwowych, lecz także skuteczny sposób pozbycia się tego niewygodnego problemu. Wszystkie omówione w rozdziale technologie pozyskiwania energii elektrycznej i ciepła należy rozważać w ścisłym powiązaniu z polityką zrównoważonego rozwoju i ochroną środowiska, stanowi on więc niejako wprowadzenie do kolejnych rozdziałów.

  • Metody wzmacniania krótkich wsporników słupa w świetle badań eksperymentalnych
    • Krystyna Nagrodzka-Godycka
    2023 Inżynieria i Budownictwo

    W artykule podano metody wzmacniania wsporników słupów, których skuteczność została zweryfikowana badaniami eksperymentalnymi. Niezależnie od zastosowanej metody efektywność wzmocnienia wspornika jest głównie uzależniona od smukłości ścinania wspornika, ilości zbrojenia wewnętrznego i jego wytężenia przed wzmocnieniem.

  • Miasto w działaniu. Nowe pola aktywności społecznej
    • Małgorzata Dymnicka
    • Jarosław Załęcki
    2023

    Miasto od wieków jest areną sporów, przestrzenią konfliktów i miejscem uzgadniania interesów. Już sama relacja mieszkańców z miastem polega na konstytuowaniu przestrzeni, organizacji i reorganizacji współistnienia. Oznacza to, że od socjologicznie rozumianej przestrzeni należy oczekiwać, że uchwyci ona społeczny proces stanowienia. Przestrzeń miasta, w obrębie której żyje dana społeczność, jest jednym z najważniejszych obszarów oddziaływania ze względu na niedostatki, ograniczenia i bariery w dostępie do zasobów. Politycy miast i wielokulturowych metropolii coraz częściej zdają sobie sprawę, że ich zadaniem jest minimalizowanie napięć pomiędzy wyobrażoną wspólnotą podzielanych (lokalnych) tożsamości a konstruującymi ją regułami prawnymi. Można przywołać wiele przykładów, które obrazują skuteczne działania na rzecz zmiany rzeczywistości, jako dowód na aktywność zwyczajnych i niekoniecznie najbardziej zaawansowanych w sztuce życia obywatelskiego i społecznego obywateli, którzy korzystają z prawa i wolności do określonych działań na rzecz szeroko pojętego środowiska zbudowanego.

  • Micro‑ and nano‑ bentonite to improve the strength of clayey sand as a nano soil‑improvement technique
    • Mohadeseh Cheraghalikhani
    • Hamed Niroumand,
    • Lech Bałachowski
    2023 Full text Scientific Reports

    Nano-additives results in the formation of nano-cementation (NC). This process is recently used to improve the durability of various building materials. NC used to improve the strength of untreated soil materials, also known as nano soil-improvement (NSI). In few years, the role of nano-additives in various types of soils were developed. In this research, the role of micro- and nano- size of bentonite as soil stabilizer was evaluated as first few research to improve geotechnical properties of soils. Nanoadditives prepared by micro- and nano- sizes of bentonite were blend with four formulations. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3%, namely 0% Micro- Bentonite, 1% Micro-Bentonite, 2% Micro-Bentonite, 3% Micro-Bentonite, 0% Nano-Bentonite, 1% Nano-Bentonite, 2% Nano-Bentonite, and 3% Nano-Bentonite, respectively. These formulations of micro- and nano- additives were separately added to soil. Specimens with 3% nano-bentonite showed significant improvement in unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil that was more than 2.3-times higher than control specimen in 7-d curing time. Also the performance of micro-bentonite resulted in improvement in UCS of soil that was more than 1.1-times higher than control specimen at 7-d curing time. The secant modulus at 50% of peak stress (E50) of the samples treated with microand nano- additives increased in comparison to untreated specimens. Further, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses characterized micro- and nanostructures of soil specimens, and showed the performance of nano-additives in improving strength of soils. Results show that nano-bentonite as a type of nano-additives is an effective means of increasing the strength of soils. This research shows the significant of nano-bentonite in soil improvement, as a NSI technique.

  • Microbiota-derived metabolites in colorectal cancer patients in preoperative period
    • Karolina Każmierczak-Siedlecka
    • K. Skonieczna-Żydecka
    • J. Palma
    • Bartosz Kamil Sobocki
    • M. Świerblewski
    • K. Siedlecka-Kroplewska
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    • K. Połom
    2023 Full text European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

    Short-chain fat-ty acids (SCFAs) are microbial derived metabo-lites, which have multiple beneficial properties. The amount of SCFAs depends on several fac-tors, such as age, diet (mainly intake of dietary fiber), and overall health condition. The normal proportion between SCFAs is 3:1:1 for acetate, proprionate and butyrate, respectively. In col-orectal cancer (CRC) patients, microbiota alter-ations have been shown. Consequently, metab-olome within the gut might change to a large ex-tent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to anal-yse the content of SCFAs and the proportion be-tween SCFAs in the stool obtained from CRC pa-tients in preoperative period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study in-cluded 15 patients with CRC in preoperative pe-riod. The stool samples were taken and stored at -80°C in the Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Med-ical University of Gdansk, Poland. The analysis of SCFAs from stool samples was conducted by means of gas chromatography. RESULTS: This study included mainly males (66.67%, n=10). In all patients, there was abnor-mal proportion between SCFAs. The extreme-ly higher concentration of butyrate was noted in 2 samples (13.33%) compared to the rest of pa-tients. However, based on normal proportion be-tween SCFAs, the results <1 for butyrate were noted in 93.33% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: SCFAs pool is altered in CRC patients, among others characterized by low level of butyrate. It should be considered to administer butyrate supplementation to CRC pa-tients especially prior to surgery to support an appropriate preparation to this treatment.

  • Microcrack monitoring and fracture evolution of polyolefin and steel fibre concrete beams using integrated acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques
    • Shahzad Ashraf
    • Magdalena Rucka
    2023 Full text CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS

    The use of polymer and steel fibres in plain concrete appears to be an excellent solution for limiting crack propagation and improving the post-ductility performance of concrete structures. Based on this premise, this study investigated the fracture evolution of polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete (PFRC) and steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) specimens through the integrated application of two diagnostic techniques, acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC), under three-point bending tests. Based on the processing of AE signals, different AE statistical parameters such as the cumulative number of hits, amplitude distribution, and some representative analysis methods including the b-value method, Ib-value method, and AE intensity analysis methods were selected to analyse the early detection of cracking and post-cracking behaviour in PFRC vs SFRC specimens during mechanical degradation. Simultaneously, the DIC technique was used to validate the fracture evolution of the AE results. Furthermore, to verify the reliability of the AE and DIC results, the damage localisation and fracture evolution of the PFRC versus SFRC specimens were confirmed by integrating the AE fracture energies and DIC outcomes. The tests and analysed results showed that the addition of steel fibres to plain concrete significantly improved the ability to restrict crack propagation and provided higher post-cracking resistance compared to PFRC specimens owing to their stronger fibre-matrix bonding, effective fibre bridging, and crack-arresting mechanism. The present study indicates that the combined AE and DIC techniques are highly effective for the early detection of damage and ductility performance in fibre-reinforced concrete structures.

  • Microcracking monitoring and damage detection of graphene nanoplatelets-cement composites based on acoustic emission technology
    • Shahzad Ashraf
    • Suliman Khan
    • Vipin Kumar Oad
    2023 Full text Case Studies in Construction Materials

    This study aims to identify the micro-cracking pattern and structural applications of cement composites replaced with 0 wt%, 0.04 wt%, and 0.08 wt% contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) over cement weight through acoustic emission (AE) monitoring under mechanical degradation. The ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) results showed that at 60 min sonication period, GNP-4 showed maximum absorbance rate of 16.15% compared to the GNP-8. The microstructural characteristics revealed that during hydration of cement there was no apparent cracks appeared in GNPs-cement composites compared to the reference specimen (GNP-0) which was 1.44 mm. The cracking mode and damaged detection of the tested specimens resulted in three distinct stages i.e., (I) pre-peak, (II) peak, and (III) post-peak under mechanical degradation. GNP-4 achieved 780 N flexural capacity which was increased by 30% and 21.87% compared to the GNP-0 and GNP-8. Similarly, a compressive strength of 63.12 MPa, 57.5 MPa, and 56 MPa at 28 days was obtained by GNP-4, GNP-8, and GNP-0, respectively. Based on AE hits and amplitude analysis, the resistance to fracture, damping capacity, and ductility of GNP-4 was improved by 25.30%, 25.1%, and 22.47% respectively, to that of GNP-0. Shear failure (>35 kHz) was observed in GNP-0, while GNPs cement composites recorded tensile failure (<35 kHz) through RA-AF parameters. The cracking pattern through Ib value with a warning sign of 1.5 between micro and macro-cracks and severity of damages through historical index (HI) and severity index (Sr) of GNPs cement composites was determined. Lastly, it was concluded that GNPs contents can significantly improve bending strength and delay the cracks initiation in cement composites.

  • Microemulsion Delivery Systems with Low Surfactant Concentrations: Optimization of Structure and Properties by Glycol Cosurfactants
    • Patrycja Szumała
    • Szymon Mania
    • Balbina Makurat-Kasprolewicz
    • Jolanta Kaplińska
    2023 Full text MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS

    Extensive use of microemulsions as delivery systems raises interest in the safe ingredients that can form such systems. Here, we assessed the use of two glycols, i.e., propylene glycol and pentylene glycol, and their mixtures to manipulate the properties and structure of microemulsions. Obtained systems with glycols were extensively characterized in terms of capacity to incorporate water phase, droplet size, polydispersity, structure type, and rheological and thermal properties. The results of these studies indicate that the composition, structure, and viscosity of the microemulsions can be changed by appropriate quantification of glycols. It has been shown that the type of glycol used and its amount may favor or worsen the formation of microemulsions with the selected oils. In addition, a properly selected composition of oils and glycols resulted in the formation of microemulsions with a reduced content of surfactants and consequently improved the safety of using microemulsions as delivery systems.

  • Microfluidic SIW-Based Tunable Self-Diplexing Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Band Applications
    • Nrusingha Pradhan
    • Goutham Reddy
    • Karthikeyan Subramanian
    • Rusan Kumar Barik
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Qingsha Cheng
    2023 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS

    This work introduces a novel frequency tunable self-diplexing antenna (SDA) design based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. A modified A-shaped slot is employed on the cavity’s top plane, which is excited by two independent 50 Ω microstrip feed lines to operate at each resonant frequency. The frequency flexibility of the proposed antenna allows for fine-tuning at each resonance frequency. The frequency flexibility has been achieved by employing the substrate’s air- and liquid-filled pockets. The proposed antenna can be configured to operate in the 3.5-3.8 GHz and 5.53-6.2 GHz bands, as demonstrated by the simulation results. With distilled water-filled pockets, the proposed antenna offers peak gains of 5.04 dBi and 5.26 dBi. The proposed SDA exhibits competitive features such as a highly compact size of 0.22λg2 and high isolation (>27dB), which makes it suitable for handheld communication devices. The simulated and measured circuit responses are in good agreement.

  • Microplastics removal from aqueous environment by metal organic frameworks
    • Zhila Honarmandrad
    • Massoud Kaykhaii
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2023 Full text BMC Chemistry

    This paper provides an overview of recent research performed on the applications of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for microplastics (MPs) removal from aqueous environments. MPs pollution has become a major environmental concern due to its negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. Therefore, developing effective and sustainable methods for removing them from aqueous environments is crucial. In recent years, MOFs have emerged as a promising solution for this purpose due to their unique properties such as high surface area, renewability, chemical stability, and versatility. Moreover, their specific properties such as their pore size and chemical composition can be tailored to enhance their efficiency in removing MPs. It has been shown that MOFs can effectively adsorb MPs from aqueous media in the range of 70–99.9%. Besides some high price concerns, the main drawback of using MOFs is their powder form which can pose challenges due to their instability. This can be addressed by supporting MOFs on other substrates such as aerogels or foams. Meanwhile, there is a need for more research to investigate the long-term stability of MOFs in aqueous environments and developing efficient regeneration methods for their repeated use.

  • Microscopic Imaging to Visualize the Distribution of Dietary Nucleic Acids in Food Products of Various Origins
    • Anna Kościelak
    • Zuzanna Koziara
    • Ana Pons Maria
    • Rafał Płatek
    • Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
    2023 Full text Foods

    Dietary nucleic acids (dietNAs) are being increasingly recognized as important food components with nutritional value. However, the precise dietary recommendations for dietNAs are limited, because established methods for determining the quantity and nutritional role of dietNAs are still lacking. One of the tools to narrow this gap could be microscopic imaging, as a convenient approach to visualize the abundance and distribution of dietNAs in food products. With the aid of appropriate bioinformatic elaboration, such images may in future enable the direct semiquantitative estimation of these macromolecules in food products. In the presented study, two methods of preparing microscopic sections and staining them with DNA-specific fluorochromes were used for microscopic imaging of dietNAs in food products of plant and animal origin. Procedures for preparing formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections and cryosections were compared in terms of their usefulness for routine food analysis. Both methods turned out equally suitable for visualizing dietNA distribution in animal and plant products. However, the use of cryosections allowed a significantly shorter analysis time and reduced the consumption of organic solvents. Both of these advantages make the cryosection method preferable while establishing a dedicated methodology for routine assessment of dietNAs in the food industry.

  • Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Combined GTAW and SMAW Dissimilar Welded Joints between Inconel 718 and 304L Austenitic Stainless Steel
    • Sachin Sirohi
    • Shailesh M. Pandey
    • Aleksandra Świerczyńska
    • Grzegorz Rogalski
    • Naveen Kumar
    • Michał Landowski
    • Dariusz Fydrych
    • Chandan Pandey
    2023 Full text Metals

    A dissimilar welded joint of Inconel 718 and 304L austenitic stainless steel was prepared using a combined procedure with the gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding processes by employing the Ni-based fillers: ERNiCr-3 and ENiCrFe-3. The welded joints were investigated for metallographic testing and mechanical properties, and a relationship was established between the microstructure and the resultant mechanical properties. Microstructural observation revealed the formation of the unmixed zone on the 304L SS side. The weld metal showed that the fully austenitic microstructure consisted of the Nb- and Ti-rich carbide phases along the inter-dendritic spaces. The tensile test results at room temperature showed the failure from the weld metal which might be due to alloying element segregation along the inter-dendritic spaces. However, a tensile test at 600 ◦C showed the failure from the 304L SS base metal with a tensile strength and % elongation value of 377 MPa and 24%, respectively. The hardness plot showed the average hardness value of the weld metal of 236 ± 5 HV, which was higher than the 304L SS BM (204 ± 4 HV) but lower than the IN718 BM (243 ± 5 HV). The impact toughness of the weld metal was 109 J, which was significantly lower than the base metals. The poor impact strength of the weld metal might be due to the evolution of the NbC phase along inter-dendritic spaces

  • Mind the framing: Match purpose and context
    • Monica Fiore, Di
    • Marta Kuc-Czarnecka
    • Samuele Lo Piano
    • Arnald Puy,
    • Andrea Saltelli,
    2023

    In several ways, the following chapters will allude to the concept of frames. The assumptions of a mathematical model tell us what it can explain and what it cannot (see chapter 5). The trade-off between the usefulness of a mathemati- cal model and the scale of complexity it seeks to capture further conditions the narrative, highlighting or downsizing cognitive elements relevant to responsible modelling (see ‘Mathematics and tales’ in chapter 4). Yet, what determines the choice of a model, its assumptions, and its level of complexity? Answering these questions requires a more general perspective that involves frames—that is, the complex of cognitive schemes through which we reason and which we use to make sense of the world. The notion of the frame owes much to the tradition of social studies. Several disciplines have underlined the importance of worldviews and their causal rela- tionships in giving us the coordinates to classify the situations in which we find ourselves. Since public policies are constructs of considerable complexity, policy inquiry has paid great attention to the frames we use to organize information, ideas, and beliefs. For example, Campbell (2002), analysing the effects of ideas, worldviews, and cognitive paradigms on policy-making, defines frames as ‘nor- mative and sometimes cognitive ideas that are located in the foreground of policy debates’.

  • Miniatura, mały format, duże możliwości
    • Joanna Golińska-Pilarek
    • Renata Mazurkiewicz
    • Anna Strzebońska
    • Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
    2023 Full text Forum Akademickie

    MINIATURA to program Narodowego Centrum Nauki przeznaczony do realizacji pojedynczego działania naukowego z zakresu badań podstawowych. Zrównoważona dystrybucja środków w MINIATURZE, zarówno pod względem typów jednostek naukowych, jak i województw, pokazuje, że MINIATURA jest ważną formą wsparcia finansowego w ofercie grantowej NCN, która dobrze odpowiada na zapotrzebowanie mniejszych ośrodków na tzw małe granty

  • Miniaturized Dual-Band SIW-Based Bandpass Filters Using Open-Loop Ring Resonators
    • Nrusingha Pradhan
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Rusan Kumar Barik
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Karthikeyan Subramanian
    2023 Full text Electronics

    This article presents two novel architectures of dual-band substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) bandpass filters (BPFs). Initially, two identical open-loop ring resonators (OLRRs) are coupled face-to-face on the top of the SIW cavity to realize a dual-band single-pole BPF. To obtain two-pole dual-band characteristics, two OLRRs resonant units are assembled horizontally within the top metal layer of the SIW, which is a technique used for the first time in the literature. For demonstration purposes, two types of SIW filters loaded with OLRRs are designed and fabricated. The proposed filters feature an extremely compact size, a low insertion loss, and good selectivity. The single- and two-pole filters have an overall size of 0.012λg2 and 0.041λg2, respectively. The simulated and measured circuit responses are in good agreement.

  • Miniaturized Inline Bandpass Filters Based on Triple-Mode Integrated Coaxial-Waveguide Resonators
    • Muhammad Yameen Sandhu
    • Sharjeel Afridi
    • Adam Lamęcki
    • Roberto Gómez-García
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2023 Full text IEEE Access

    This work presents a design technique to implement miniaturized cross-coupled bandpass filters in inline physical configurations based on triple-mode resonators. Triple-mode resonances are obtained by using integrated coaxial-waveguide cavity resonators. They consist of two coaxial conducting posts placed in the sidewalls of a rectangular waveguide cavity. In the proposed triplet, a transmission zero (TZ) can be positioned at any of the two sides of the passband by simply locating the coaxial posts either on the same wall or on opposite walls of the rectangular waveguide cavity. Coaxial-to-waveguide mode coupling is implemented by means of coupling screws, which adds flexibility in terms of tuning easiness. Three 9.9-GHz proof-of-concept prototypes corresponding to third- and sixth-order integrated coaxial-waveguide bandpass filters are designed at the electromagnetic-simulation level. Furthermore, the triplet with a TZ below the passband is manufactured and characterized to experimentally validate the engineered 3-D RF filter principle and its underlying design theory.

  • Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 1
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Monika Paszkiewicz
    • Magda Caban
    • Michel Y. Fares
    • Aysegul Dogan
    • Salvador Garrigues
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Natasa Kalogiouri
    • Paweł Mateusz Nowak
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Miguel de la Guardia
    2023 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) has been practiced in a modern form for more than half a century. It was constantly developing, driven by the analysts needs. These needs are coming from the importance to select an appropriate analytical method, which should have satisfactory accuracy, precision and sensitivity. In the case of sorbent-based microextraction techniques, the choice of miniaturized variants that meet these requirements as well as the requirements of GAC is extremely wide. The increasing popularity of the technique has spurred the influx of many manufacturers into the commercial side of the technology, and many columns, cartridges and discs are comercially available. SPE-type techniques which can be connected with quantification techniques, are perfect to be applied for pollution analysis. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with an updated, comprehensive overview of modern SPE techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis.

  • Miniaturized solid phase extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 2
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Monika Paszkiewicz
    • Magda Caban
    • Michel Y. Fares
    • Aysegul Dogan
    • Salvador Garrigues
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Natasa Kalogiouri
    • Paweł Mateusz Nowak
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Miguel De la Guardia
    2023 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Determination of pollutants present in environmental samples at a low concentration level very often requires the analytical protocol that includes analytes isolation and/or enrichment prior to the final quantification. Miniaturized SPE offers an interesting alternative to LLE. Nowadays, many types of sorbents are available and can be used as selective materials for extraction of varied analytes in different kinds of samples. The characteristic of sorbent plays a crucial role because determines the resulting extraction mechanism of particular technique. SPE techniques have numerous positive features. This review provides an updated, comprehensive overview of new types of sorbents used in SPE-based techniques. In addition, miniaturized SPE techniques applied to environmental problems are described, based on the most recent, relevant, and representative examples of successful application. The perspective of the most promising directions for the development of the SPE technology in the near future, and the greatest challenges that will have to be faced, are also outlined.

  • Mitigating metal-organic framework (MOF) toxicity for biomedical applications
    • Paulina Wiśniewska
    • Józef Haponiuk
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Navid Rabiee
    • Sidi A. Bencherif
    2023 Full text CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of crystalline porous materials, consisting of metal ions and organic linkers. These hybrid materials are highly porous and have a large specific surface area, making them of great interest for applications in gas separation, energy storage, biomedical imaging, and drug delivery. As MOFs are being explored for biomedical applications, it is essential to comprehensively assess their toxicity. Although nearly ninety thousand MOFs have been investigated, evaluating and optimizing their physico-chemical properties in relevant biological systems remain critical for their clinical translation. In this review article, we first provide a brief classification of MOFs based on their chemical structures. We then conduct a comprehensive evaluation of in vitro and in vivo studies that assess the biocompatibility of MOFs. Additionally, we discuss various approaches to mitigate the critical factors associated with MOF toxicity. To this end, the effects of chemistry, particle size, morphology, and particle aggregation are examined. To better understand MOFs' potential toxicity to living organisms, we also delve into the toxicity mechanisms of nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, we introduce and evaluate strategies such as surface modification to reduce the inherent toxicity of MOFs. Finally, we discuss current challenges, the path to clinical trials, and new research directions.

  • Mobile Networks' Analysis in Terms of QoS Performance Assessment
    • Dariusz Zmysłowski
    • Jan M. Kelner
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2023

    Quality of service (QoS) assessment is one of the basic processes carried out by mobile network operators (MNOs) and regulators of the telecommunications market. Usually, professional companies carry out measurements for various country areas and use cases (scenarios). In this paper, we show exemplary measurement results carried out in drive tests in the vicinity of the Polish capital by a professional company. The measurement campaign included two MNOs and three use cases, i.e., voice calls, video live streaming from YouTube, and web browsing. Various parameters of the received signals and QoS metrics were recorded during the measurements, e.g., reference signal received power, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, mean opinion score (MOS), video MOS, and throughput. One of the MNOs provides services using Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technologies, while another is based only on LTE technology. The presented results show that higher QoS metrics were obtained for the LTE network than one using UMTS/LTE technologies.

  • Modal Adjustment of Rayleigh Based Structural Damping and Coordinate-Partitioning Algorithm Dedicated to Frictionless Contact Constraints between Multibody System and Structure Modelled with Finite Elements
    • Krzysztof Lipiński
    2023 SSRN Electronic Journal

    The paper presents a dedicated numerical algorithm. The algorithm is advantageous during investigations of the dynamics of a hybrid multibody / finite-elements system. We focus our attention on interactions resulting from mechanical contact. Pointwise contact connects a vertex of the multibody structure and a surface of the elastic reference body. Instead of a positive value of the relative penetration factor, constraint equations model the contact, and Lagrange multipliers model the constraint-associated reactions used in the dynamics equations. In the subsequent steps, the investigated procedure recalls a case-dedicated version of the classic coordinate-portioning algorithm. The dedicated numerical algorithm evaluates the algebraic unknown of the system, i.e., for each set of investigated accelerations, it calculates values of the Lagrange multipliers and values of the selected dependent accelerations resulting from the consistency of the constraint equations. When calculated, the algorithm eliminates them from the remaining equations. Consistently with purely numerical reasons, obtained differential equations are challenging for numerical integration. The paper presents one of the reasons. To solve the misadventure, it proposes an alternative numerically-rational model of the disturbing phenomena. The proposed solution recalls modal adjustment of the damping properties of the elastic subcomponent. We test the efficiency of the paper-proposed methodology with the use of a numerical example. We limit the tests to an example of a purely academic planar structure. Also, we restrict the tested elastic subcomponent to a case of a planar deformable beam. We model it with the use of two-node beam elements. Pin contacts, as well as frictionless pointwise slider-pin contacts, connect the elastic beam and the multibody. The paper presents the case-dedicated constraint equations and their associated Lagrange multipliers. Our initial tests investigate the main consequences of the presence of the uniform Rayleigh model of structural damping. In the subsequent numerical tests, we modify the main parameters of the structural damping. Indicated modification recalls the paper-proposed principles of the abovementioned modal adjustment. Paper-presented figures compare the obtained behaviours with those calculated previously for the Rayleigh model. Even if verified with a purely academic numerical model, the paper-proposed methodology is general.

  • Model studies to identify input parameters of an algorithm controlling electric supply/consumption process by underground iron ore enterprises
    • Oleh Sinchuk
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Tetiana Beridze
    • Ihor Peresunko
    • Vladyslav Baranovskyi
    • Danyil Kobeliatskyi
    • Volodymyr Zapalskyi
    2023 Full text Mining of Mineral Deposits

    Purpose is the development of the research format of a mathematical model to select and assess input parameters of an algorithm controlling distribution of electric energy flows in the monitoring structure of electricity supply/ consumption by using equipment of mining enterprises engaged in underground iron ore raw materials extraction. Methods. The analytical research involved a theory of random processes adapted to the real conditions. For the purpose, results of experimental measurements have been applied obtained under the conditions of active iron ore enterprises using underground procedures of the raw materials mining. Methods of random functions (i.e. elements of correlation theory) have helped identify the basic input and output parameters characterizing rather completely electric supply consumption as a stochastic process to develop a control algorithm for the process. Originality. The procedure of electric supply/consumption by underground iron ore enterprises has been analyzed in the format of process of a stochastic process of their operation. For the first time, the synthesized mathematical model has been built; both average and disperse stochastic characteristics of electric consumption capacity have been identified; average period of electric energy consumption as a stationary random function during the specified time has been determined; and average number of electric consumption peaks for the interval has been defined as well as average duration of their surges. Analysis of the electric supply/consumption process as a stochastic process has helped solve a problem of the peak influence on the modes of electric energy consumption by receivers of the enterprises. Practical implications. According to the available computing formats, a calculation procedure of the operation parameters of electric supply/consumption is of insufficient accuracy since average values are applied and stochastic nature of the process is ignored, which is typical for the analyzed mining enterprises. The abovementioned restricts the possibility to develop adequate system to control the electric power process in terms of the types of mining enterprises and specificity of their operational technology. The developed methods of electric supply/consumption functioning dynamics as a stochastic process help expand its use while forming and making efficient managerial decisions in the context of the analyzed process.

  • Model zarządzania projektami informatycznymi w jednostkach sądownictwa powszechnego w Polsce
    • Monika Kuźmicz
    2023 Full text

    Projekty mają istotny wpływ na funkcjonowanie sądów powszechnych. Przyjrzenie się projektom informatycznym realizowanym w sądach wraz z raportem Najwyższej Izby Kontroli dot. sprawności realizowanych projektów informatycznych wymiaru sprawiedliwości doprowadziło do zidentyfikowania głównych problemów podczas realizacji inicjatyw informatycznych. Ponadto przegląd literatury dotyczący zarządzania projektami dla wymiaru sprawiedliwości doprowadził do wskazania luki w tym obszarze. Złożoność i specyfika organizacji publicznych, w szczególności sądów jako ich podzbioru, utrudnia możliwość wykorzystania dostępnych metodyk czy narzędzi wspierających zarządzanie projektami. To doprowadziło do sformułowania procesu badawczego rozprawy, w tym m.in. głównego celu pracy, tj. dostarczenia modelu zarządzania projektami informatycznymi w sądownictwie powszechnym obejmującego przypadki i dobre praktyki, uwzględniającego specyfikę sądów, który w konsekwencji pozwoli na usprawnienie realizacji projektów informatycznych w sądownictwie powszechnym. Do budowy tego modelu wybraną metodę wnioskowania w oparciu o przypadku CBR (ang. Case-Based Reasoning), która zakłada wykorzystywanie doświadczeń dla nowych problemów. W odniesieniu do modelu, CBR pozwala na wykorzystanie dobrych praktyk i przypadków obejmujących procesy, role i artefakty dla nowych projektów. Co więcej metoda ta pozwala na uczenie się i ciągłą rozbudowę modelu, co w przypadku organizacji wrażliwych na ciągłe zmiany otoczenia (np. regulacji prawnych) jakim są sądy jest szczególnie istotne.

  • Modele i algorytmy dla grafowych struktur defensywnych
    • Robert Lewoń
    2023 Full text

    W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono analizę złożoności istnienia struktur defensywnych oraz równowag strategicznych w grafach. W przypadku struktur defensywnych badano modele koalicji defensywnych, zbiorów defensywnych i koalicji krawędziowych – każdy z nich w wersji globalnej, tj. z wymogiem dominacji całego grafu. W przypadku modeli równowagi strategicznej badano równowagę strategiczną koalicji defensywnych, równowagę strategiczną zbiorów defensywnych i równowagę strategiczną koalicji krawędziowych. Przedstawiono wielomianowe algorytmy konstruujące najmniejsze struktury defensywne oraz weryfikujące ich istnienie i konstruujące równowagi strategiczne w przypadku drzew. Dodatkowo zweryfikowano trudność obliczeniową badanych problemów poprzez wykazanie ich NP–zupełności dla możliwie wąskich klas grafów. W ten sposób określono zakres stosowalności modeli w przypadku dużych grafów, a dalsze badania skierowano w kierunku podejść aproksymacyjnych, które poszerzą zakres zastosowań dyskutowanych modeli w praktyce. Przebadano również własności teoretyczne modeli, takie jak oszacowania rozmiaru badanych struktur i związki między nimi. Zaproponowano także ogólną koncepcję stanowiącą wspólny trzon dla dyskutowanych modeli, otwierając tym samym kierunki badań w obrębie tego zagadnienia.

  • Modeling and optimization of chemical-treated torrefaction of wheat straw to improve energy density by response surface methodology
    • Samuel Latebo Majamo
    • Temesgen Amibo
    2023 Full text Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

    Today, torrefaction is important technique for extending the potential of biomass for improvement of energy density. The independent variables investigated for torrefaction study were temperature, retention time, acid concentration, and particle size. The experiment was designed by central composite design (CCD) method using design expert (version 11). The three dependent variables were higher heating value (HHV), energy enhancement factor (EEF), and mass yield (MY) were carried out. Numerical optimization using response surface method (RSM) to maximize the HHV and EEF with lowest MY was carried out. The maximum HHV of 25.05MJ/kg, lowest MY of 60.15%wt and highest EEF of 1.593 were obtained at 299.99°C, 31.89min of retention time, 0.75g/l of acid concentration and 0.20mm of particle size. Proximate analysis, bulk density, hydrophobicity, energy density, and ultimate analysis of raw and torrefed biomass were determined to analyze the physiochemical properties of the fuel. In addition, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray difractometer (XRD) were done to distinguish the behavior of raw and torrefed wheat straw. The results implied that energy density of torrefed biomass was well improved when compared with raw biomass. All in all, energy density of torrefed biomass was improved, which can be used as an alternative energy.

  • Modeling and simulation of blood flow under the influence of radioactive materials having slip with MHD and nonlinear mixed convection
    • Sidra Afzal
    • Mubashir Qayyum
    • Muhammad Riaz
    • Adam Wojciechowski
    2023 Full text Alexandria Engineering Journal

    Radioactive materials are widely in industry, nuclear plants and medical treatments. Scientists and workers in these fields are mostly exposed to such materials, and adverse effects on blood and temperature profiles are observed. In this regard, objective of the current study is to model and simulate blood based nanofluid with three very important radioactive materials, named as Uranium dioxide (UO2), Thorium dioxide (ThO2) and Radium (Rd). In this modeling blood based nanofluid is considered under the influence of magneto hydrodynamic effect, non-linear mixed convection and thermal radiation, Joule heating, along with velocity and temperature slip. A three-dimensional fluid model is considered in bounded domain to justify flow geometry in arteries. System of partial differential equations are converted to highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations by using suitable transformations. The obtained system is solved numerically using Fehlberg Runge–Kutta algorithm. Validity and convergence of the obtained solutions are confirmed through residual errors, numerical uncertainties and comparison with experimental data. Moreover, effect of pertinent fluid parameters on the velocity (radial, axial, tangential) and temperature profiles of blood flow are analyzed graphically. Furthermore, Skin friction and Nusselt number are also analyzed graphically against volume fraction of involved radioactive materials for the case of UO2;ThO2 and Rd comparatively. Analysis reveals that increase in volume fraction of radioactive elements results in increased blood flow through walls in both radial and tangential directions. In case of slip at fluid solid-interface, the highest skin fraction is observed in case of Radium nanoparticles.

  • Modeling of entrained flow steam gasification of sewage sludge
    • Jakub Mularski
    • Kamil Stasiak
    • Michał Ostrycharczyk
    • Michał Czerep
    • Mateusz Wnukowski
    • Krystian Krochmalny
    • Marcin Baranowski
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Mateusz Kowal
    • Łukasz Niedźwiecki
    • Halina Pawlak-kruczek
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2023 Full text

    Proper management of sewage sludge becomes increasingly problematic due to legal requirements aiming at diminishing environmental impact, as well as rationalizing the utilization from the point of view of logistics. Steam gasification of sewage sludge can result in very good quality of the producer gas. So far, the works have been focused on the gasification in fixed bed gasifiers. However, this does not allow to take full advantage of the effect of scale, as the scalability of fixed ed gasifiers is limited. Entrained flow gasifiers are scalable up to the order of magnitude of hundreds of megawatts, which was proven for the gasification of coal. Therefore, it seems plausible to suspect that such scalability would allow building gasifiers big enough, to work as a part of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage plants, operating in an economically feasible manner, fully utilizing the effect of scale. However, the optimized design of such units would require robust modeling. This work focuses on different models for sewage sludge steam gasification, allowing accurate predictions of the producer’s gas quality. The core part of this work is a comparison between the results obtained using advanced CFD models in Fluent, as well as two different equilibrium models. Results from all the models are experimentally validated, by entrained flow steam gasification in a 3 m long reactor, with an addition of CO2.

  • Modeling of low calorific gas burning in a deficient oxygen environment and high-temperature oxidizer
    • Jan Stąsiek
    • Marcin Jewartowski
    • Jacek Barański
    • Jan Wajs
    2023 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSICS RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS

    The experimental research will be performed using the experimental facility with a combustion chamber. The oxygen concentration in combustion oxidizers will be varied from 21% by volume (normal) air to 2%. The test combustion chamber will be fed with propane or methane as the reference fuel, then with low calorific fuels as test gases obtained by mixing various combustible components, e.g. H2, CH4, CO, and neutral gases, e.g. N2, CO2. Gaseous fuels prepared in this way will be burned in the atmosphere of a deficient oxidizer with a temperature changing from 800 °C to 1100 °C. Oxidizers will be heated up to a certain temperature using two methods: by flue gas heat exchanger and kanthal rod electric preheater. Different burner geometry will be used. The burner will be equipped with annular swirl vanes for co-axial or under different angles, fuel, and oxidizers flow to have a high swirl number achieved by flow aerodynamics and mixing. Experimental data will be verified with numerical simulations with the use of ANSYS CFD Fluent code.

  • Modeling of Surface Roughness in Honing Processes by UsingFuzzy Artificial Neural Networks
    • Irene Buj - Corral
    • Piotr Sender
    • Carmelo J. Luis-Pérez Luis-Pérez
    2023 Full text Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing

    Honing processes are abrasive machining processes which are commonly employed to improve the surface of manufactured parts such as hydraulic or combustion engine cylinders. These processes can be employed to obtain a cross-hatched pattern on the internal surfaces of cylinders. In this present study, fuzzy artificial neural networks are employed for modeling surface roughness parameters obtained in finishing honing operations. As a general trend, main factors influencing roughness parameters are grain size and pressure. Mean spacing between profile peaks at the mean line parameter, on the contrary, depends mainly on tangential and linear velocity. Grain Size of 30 and pressure of 600 N/cm 2 lead to the highest values of core roughness (Rk) and reduced valley depth (Rvk), which were 1.741 µm and 0.884 µm, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum peak-to-valley roughness parameter (Rz) so obtained was 4.44 µm, which is close to the maximum value of 4.47 µm. On the other hand, values of the grain size equal to 14 and density equal to 20, along with pressure 600 N/cm 2 and both tangential and linear speed of 20 m/min and 40 m/min, respectively, lead to the minimum values of core roughness, reduced peak height (Rpk), reduced valley depth and maximum peak-to-valley height of the profile within a sampling length, which were, respectively, 0.141 µm, 0.065 µm, 0.142 µm, and 0.584 µm.

  • Modeling the application of steel slag in stabilizing expansive soil
    • Worku Firomsa Kabeta
    • Hinsene Lemma
    2023 Full text Modeling Earth Systems and Environment

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of steel slag as an additive to the engineering properties of weak clay soil. Different geotechnical laboratory tests were conducted on both stabilized and natural soils. Steel slag (SS) was added at a rate of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% to the soil. Specific gravity, grain size analysis, Atterberg limit test, compaction test, free swell, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compression strength (UCS) are among the tests that were performed. The Atterberg limit test result shows that the liquid limit decreases from 90.8 to 65.2%, the plastic limit decreases from 60.3 to 42.5%, and the plasticity index decreases from 30.5 to 22.7% as the steel slag of 25% was added to the expansive soil. With 25% steel slag content, the specific gravity increases from 2.67 to 3.05. The free swell value decreased from 104.6 to 58.2%. In the Standard Proctor compaction test, the maximum dry density rises from 1.504 to 1.692 g/cm3, while optimum moisture content falls from 19.77 to 12.09%. From the UCS test, mixing 25% steel slag into the soil increases the unconfined compressive strength from 64.3 to 170.6 kPa. Additionally, the CBR value increases from 3.64 to 6.82% as 25% of steel slag is mixed with the soil. As a result, steel slag has been found to improve expansive soil properties for geotechnical applications.

  • Modeling the debonding process of osseointegrated implants due to coupled adhesion and friction
    • Katharina Immel
    • Vu-Hieu Nguyen
    • Guillaume Haiat
    • Roger Sauer
    2023 Full text Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology

    Cementless implants have become widely used for total hip replacement surgery. The long-term stability of these implants is achieved by bone growing around and into the rough surface of the implant, a process called osseointegration. However, debonding of the bone–implant interface can still occur due to aseptic implant loosening and insufficient osseointegration, which may have dramatic consequences. The aim of this work is to describe a new 3D finite element frictional contact formulation for the debonding of partially osseointegrated implants. The contact model is based on a modified Coulomb friction law by Immel et al. (2020), that takes into account the tangential debonding of the bone-implant interface. This model is extended in the direction normal to the bone-implant interface by considering a cohesive zone model, to account for adhesion phenomena in the normal direction and for adhesive friction of partially bonded interfaces. The model is applied to simulate the debonding of an acetabular cup implant. The influence of partial osseointegration and adhesive effects on the long-term stability of the implant is assessed. The influence of different patient- and implant-specific parameters such as the friction coefficient mu_b , the trabecular Young’s modulus E_b , and the interference fit IF is also analyzed, in order to determinethe optimal stability for different configurations. Furthermore, this work provides guidelines for future experimental and computational studies that are necessary for further parameter calibration.

  • Modeling the effect of electric vehicles on noise levels in the vicinity of rural road sections
    • Maciej Hałucha
    • Janusz Bohatkiewicz
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    2023 Full text Archives of Civil Engineering

    Numerous European countries experience a steady increase in the share of electric (EV) and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles in the traffic stream. These vehicles, often referred to as low- or zero-emission vehicles, significantly reduce air pollution in the road environment. They also have a positive effect on noise levels in city centers and in the surroundings of low-speed roads. Nevertheless, issues related to modeling noise from electric and hybrid vehicles in the outdoor environment are still not fully explored, especially in the rural road settings. The article attempts to assess the degree of noise reduction around these roads based on different percentages of EVs in the traffic stream. Input data for noise modeling was obtained from 133 sections of homogeneous rural roads in Poland. Based on their analysis, it was first determined on how many of these road sections electric-vehicle-induced noise reduction would be possible, taking into account the traffic speeds occurring on them. Next, a computational algorithm that can be used to calculate noise reduction in the CNOSSOS-EU model is presented, and noise modeling is performed based on it for different percentages of electric vehicles in the traffic stream.

  • Modelling and optimisation of MXene-derived TiO2/Ti3C2 synthesis parameters using Response Surface Methodology based on the Box–Behnken factorial design. Enhanced carbamazepine degradation by the Cu-modified TiO2/Ti3C2 photocatalyst
    • Anna Grzegórska
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    2023 Full text PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

    In the present study, a hydrothermal method in a water/ethanol environment was used for the first time to obtain novel Cu/TiO2/Ti3C2 composites with high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) under simulated solar light. The Box–Behnken factorial design was coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for synthesis parameter optimisation. The effect of different synthesis parameters, including temperature, time and water/ethanol ratio, was for the first time studied in detail. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to verify the adequacy of the proposed model. The water/ethanol ratio was the most influential parameter for anatase crystallite growth and the efficiency of carbamazepine degradation. The TiO2/Ti3C2 sample prepared under the optimised conditions (synthesis time of 17 h, temperature of 220 ◦C, and water/ethanol ratio of 58:42 v/v) revealed almost 100% of CBZ degradation within 60 min. Furthermore, the surface modification of this sample with 0.25% - 1 wt% of copper resulted in improved photocatalytic activity. For TiO2/Ti3C2 modified with 0.5% of Cu, almost complete CBZ degradation was observed in 40 min of the photodegradation process. Finally, the combination of the photodegradation process with the activation of peroxymonosulphate (PMS) by Cu-TiO2/ Ti3C2 resulted in markedly improved carbamazepine degradation and reached 100% within 20 min under simulated solar light irradiation. The degradation mechanism of CBZ was proposed based on trapping experiments, which revealed that •O2 and •SO4 are the main oxidising species involved in carbamazepine degradation. Moreover, the hybrid system exhibited high recyclability and stability during subsequent photodegradation cycles.

  • Modelling hydraulic and capillary-driven two-phase fluid flow in unsaturated concretes at the meso-scale with a unique coupled DEM-CFD technique
    • Marek Krzaczek
    • Michał Nitka
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS

    The goal of the research was to demonstrate the impact of thin porous interfacial transition zones (ITZs) between aggregates and cement matrix on fluid flow in unsaturated concrete caused by hydraulic/capillary pressure. To demonstrate this impact, a novel coupled approach to simulate the two-phase (water and moist air) flow of hydraulically and capillary-driven fluid in unsaturated concrete was developed. By merging the discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) under isothermal settings, the process was numerically studied at the meso-scale in two-dimensional conditions. A flow network was used to describe fluid behaviour in a continuous domain between particles. Small concrete specimens of a simplified particle mesostructure were subjected to fully coupled hydro-mechanical simulation tests. A simple uniaxial compression test was used to calibrate the pure DEM represented by bonded spheres, while a permeability and sorptivity test for an assembly of spheres was used to calibrate the pure CFD. For simplified specimens of the pure cement matrix, cement matrix with aggregate, and cement matrix with aggregate and ITZ of a given thickness, DEM/CFD simulations were performed sequentially. The numerical results of permeability and sorptivity were directly compared to the data found in the literature. A satisfactory agreement was achieved. Porous ITZs in concrete were found to reduce sorption by slowing the capillary-driven fluid flow, and to speed the full saturation of pores when sufficiently high hydraulic water pressures were dominant.

  • Modelling of Capillary Pressure-driven Water Flow in Unsaturated Concrete Using Coupled DEM/CFD Approach.
    • Marek Krzaczek
    • Michał Nitka
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2023

    Sformułowano nowatorskie, połączone podejście do modelowania dwufazowego przepływu wody napędzanego kapilarami w nienasyconym betonie. Dzięki połączeniu metody elementów dyskretnych (DEM) z obliczeniową dynamiką płynów (CFD) w warunkach izotermicznych proces został zbadany numerycznie w mezoskali w warunkach dwuwymiarowych. Niewielkie próbki betonu o uproszczonej mezostrukturze cząstek poddano w pełni sprzężonym hydromechanicznym testom symulacyjnym w warunkach izotermicznych. Do kalibracji czystego DEM reprezentowanego przez związane kulki zastosowano prosty jednoosiowy test ściskania, podczas gdy do kalibracji czystego CFD zastosowano testy przepuszczalności i sorpcji dla zespołu połączonych kulek. Dla uproszczonych próbek czystej zaprawy, zaprawy z kruszywem i zaprawy z kruszywem i przejściową strefą międzyfazową (ITZ) o pewnej szerokości wykonano sekwencyjnie symulacje DEM/CFD. Liczbowe wyniki przepuszczalności i sorpcyjności porównano z danymi literaturowymi. Podstawowym celem badań było wykazanie wpływu ITZ na przepływ płynu w betonie nienasyconym pod wpływem ciśnienia kapilarnego.

  • Modelling of Hydraulic Fracturing in Rocks in Non-isothermal Conditions Using Coupled DEM/CFD Approach with Two-Phase Fluid Flow Model
    • Marek Krzaczek
    • Michał Nitka
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2023

    Skała łupkowa jest materiałem silnie niejednorodnym, nieciągłym i porowatym. W warunkach nieizotermicznych ruch płynu w układzie porów i kapilar jest silnie sprzężony z przenoszeniem ciepła. Przebieg szczeliny hydraulicznej silnie zależy od stopnia nasycenia skały. Opracowano innowacyjny model termo-hydro-mechaniczny oparty na modelu DEM w celu szczegółowego śledzenia frakcji ciecz/gaz w porach i pęknięciach pod kątem ich różnej geometrii, rozmiaru, położenia i temperatury. Wygenerowano gruboziarnistą siatkę 2D, aby utworzyć sieć przepływu płynów i rozwiązać równanie zachowania energii. Wreszcie, znaczenie w pełni sprzężonego modelu termo-hydro-mechanicznego ilustruje symulacja wtryskiwania zimnego płynu podczas szczelinowania hydraulicznego w macierzy skalnej o różnym stopniu nasycenia wodą.

  • Modelling of laminated glass PVB walls of buildings exposed to vehicle impact with different speeds
    • Karol Grębowski
    • Monika Zielińska
    2023 Full text ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    This paper presents an analytical model, developed for laminated glass subjected to a low-velocity impact. It has the ability to capture glass cracks as well as large non-linear deformations. It is based mathematically on the firstorder deformation concept, which considers the effect of membrane and transverse shear as well as bending. This theory uses damage mechanics to capture the glass cracking. For this purpose, several experiments have been carried out based on PVB laminated glass. The history of acceleration, transverse central displacement and velocity estimated over time is in a favourable relationship with the experimental information. In terms of laminated glass, non-dimensional coefficients have been suggested that regulate both the first peak contact force and the maximum transverse displacement. Laminated glass consists of several layers of soda-lime glass sheets bound together by intermediate layers of polyvinyl butyral (or PVB). Cracking of the glass layer is the main cause of laminated glass damage under both low and high-speed impacts. The main objective of the present article is to conduct experimental studies and numerical analyses of the glass ply cracking mechanism as part of the development of new strength parameters for PVB laminated glass. The non-linear characteristics of PVB are described using the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model. The present article proves that it is possible to precisely model a wall made of VSG (Verbund Sicherheits Glas) laminated glass reinforced with a vinyl interlayer of appropriate thickness, and further, that such walls can constitute an element absorbing the impact energy of vehicles with specific parameters such as a passenger car, buses, and HGVs (Heavy Goods Vehicle). Based on the results of our study, new parameters were elaborated to determine the properties of PVB laminated glass exposed to vehicle impact. These new parameters were verified qualitatively by comparing the simulation results with experimental observations. We also assessed the strength of a wall of adequate thickness made of laminated glass at the ground floor level of a building exposed to a high-risk terrorist attack. The developed analytical model allows for a quick and reliable assessment during the initial design of safety glass, where a full-scale FE analysis is often too time-consuming.

  • MODELLING OF THE VISCOSITY EFFECT OF HEAVE PLATES FOR FLOATING WIND TURBINES BY HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS
    • Ewelina Ciba
    • Paweł Dymarski
    2023 Full text Acta Mechanica et Automatica

    One of the methods of modelling the movement of floating wind turbines is the use of the diffraction method. However, this method does not take into account the influence of viscosity; therefore, in many cases, it needs to be extended with a matrix of appropriate coefficients. The effect of viscosity causes both the added mass coefficient and the damping coefficient to increase. The determined coefficients were entered into the ANSYS AQWA program, and the calculation results of the transfer function determined with the use of linear and quadratic damping were presented. The results were compared with the results of the experiment, indicating greater convergence for the quadratic mode

  • MODELOWANIE NUMERYCZNE ISTNIEJĄCYCH KONSTRUKCJI ŻELBETOWYCH
    • Andrzej Ambroziak
    2023 Full text

    Wykonywanie obliczeń wymaga zapoznania się nie tylko z rodzajem konstrukcji, typem elementu skończonego i liczbą stopni swobody w węźle lecz także z konwencją znakową obowiązująca w danym programie obliczeniowym. Znajomość teorii i rozwiązań analitycznych jest niezbędna do tworzenia modeli w MES i przy wykonywaniu obliczeń. Duży wpływ na poprawność analizy numerycznej oraz uzyskane wyniki symulacji mają takie parametry jak gęstość siatki elementów skończonych, sformułowanie elementu skończonego czy schemat całkowania równania ruchu.

  • Modelowanie systemów energetycznych wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła do celów planowania rozwoju - wybrane zagadnienia
    • Marcin Jaskólski
    2023

    Systemy energetyczne wymagają przemian technologicznych w kierunku neutralności klimatycznej. W Polsce, w której systemie elektroenergetycznym i systemach ciepłowniczych dominują przestarzałe elektrownie i ciepłownie węglowe, dążenie do minimalizacji wpływu na środowisko wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami. Dlatego należy szukać optymalnych ścieżek roz-woju energetyki, aby osiągnąć ambitne długoterminowe cele strategiczne, przy minimalizacji negatywnego wpływu na budżet domowy odbiorców. W monografii przedstawiono zarys ogólny polityki energetycznej Unii Europejskiej i Polski, a także scharakteryzowano procesy modelowania systemów energetycznych i omówiono wybrane narzędzia wspomagające. Obok opracowania kompendium wiedzy z zakresu modelowania dla celów planowania rozwoju, istotnym wkładem autora w rozwój dyscypliny jest propozycja oryginalnej metodyki modelo-wania rozwoju struktury wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła, zaimplementowanej w ist-niejącym już narzędziu planistycznym MARKAL. Przedstawiono wykorzystane w modelu zestawy danych. Do analiz wybrano dwa warianty prognozy zapotrzebowania na energię elek-tryczną i ciepło. Model opracowano w dwóch scenariuszach – bazowym i dekarbonizacji. Ten drugi jest rozwinięciem pierwszego, mającym na celu wskazanie ścieżki uniezależnienia się od paliw kopalnych w horyzoncie długoterminowym. Obliczenia potwierdzają istotną rolę ener-getyki jądrowej, wiatrowej i słonecznej w dążeniu do neutralności klimatycznej w zakresie wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła sieciowego. W scenariuszu bazowym z kolei model proponuje pozostanie przy technologiach węglowych stosujących układy wychwytu i składo-wania CO2. Zaproponowane ścieżki rozwoju gwarantują znaczącą redukcję emisji gazów cie-plarnianych i emisji przemysłowych. Jednakże całkowita neutralność klimatyczna, przy znajo-mości obecnego stopnia rozwoju technologicznego, jest obarczona wysokimi nakładami inwe-stycyjnymi i kosztami, których wielkości określono.

  • Modern era fortifications as public places = Fortyfikacje nowożytne jako miejskie przestrzenie publiczne
    • Grzegorz Bukal
    2023 Full text Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

    Fortyfikacje nowożytne tworzyły systemy budowli ziemnych oraz szerokich fos. Ich powierzchnia przekraczała często powierzchnię otoczonego nimi miasta. Utrata znaczenia obronnego oraz tendencje do wzrostu terytorialnego miast spowodowały konieczność zmiany funkcji fortyfikacji. W XIX i XX wieku były one rozbierane, a ich tereny zabudowywane lub przekształcane w przestrzeń publiczną. Zagospodarowanie i konserwacja tych obiektów są jednak problematyczne, zarówno ze względu na ich charakterystykę techniczną, jak i związane z ich przekształceniem konflikty interesów ekonomicznych, prawno-administracyjnych, urbanistycznych, krajobrazowych i ekologicznych.

  • Modifications to the anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) for enhanced understanding and application of the anaerobic treatment processes – A comprehensive review
    • Rongrong Mo
    • Wenjie Guo
    • Damien Batstone
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Yongmei Li
    2023 WATER RESEARCH

    Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising method for the recovery of resources and energy from organic wastes. Correspondingly, AD modelling has also been developed in recent years. The International Water Association (IWA) Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is currently the most commonly used structured AD model. However, as substrates become more complex and our understanding of the AD mechanism grows, both systematic and specific modifications have been applied to the ADM1. Modified models have provided a diverse range of application besides AD processes, such as fermentation and biogas upgrading processes. This paper reviews research on the modification of the ADM1, with a particular focus on processes, kinetics, stoichiometry and parameters, which are the major elements of the model. The paper begins with a brief introduction to the ADM1, followed by a summary of modifications, including extensions to the model structure, modifications to kinetics (including inhibition functions) and stoichiometry, as well as simplifications to the model. The paper also covers kinetic parameter estimation and validation of the model, as well as practical applications of the model to a variety of scenarios. The review highlights the need for improvements in simulating AD and biogas upgrading processes, as well as the lack of full-scale applications to other substrates besides sludge (such as food waste and agricultural waste). Future research directions are suggested for model development based on detailed understanding of the anaerobic treatment mechanisms, and the need to recover of valuable products.

  • Modified Peptide Molecules As Potential Modulators of Shelterin Protein Functions; TRF1
    • Wioletta Brankiewicz
    • Umesh Kalathiya
    • Monikaben Padariya
    • Katarzyna Wegrzyn
    • Maciej Prusinowski
    • Joanna Żebrowska
    • Agnieszka Zylicz-Stachula
    • Piotr Skowron
    • Marek Drab
    • Mariusz Szajewski
    • Maciej Ciesielski
    • Małgorzata Gawrońska
    • Anoop Kallingal
    • Mariusz Makowski
    • Maciej Bagiński
    2023 Full text CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL

    In this work, we present studies on relatively new and still not well-explored potential anticancer targets which are shelterin proteins, in particular the TRF1 protein can be blocked by in silico designed "peptidomimetic" molecules. TRF1 interacts directly with the TIN2 protein, and this protein-protein interaction is crucial for the proper functioning of telomere, which could be blocked by our novel modified peptide molecules. Our chemotherapeutic approach is based on assumption that modulation of TRF1-TIN2 interaction may be more harmful for cancer cells as cancer telomeres are more fragile than in normal cells. We have shown in vitro within SPR experiments that our modified peptide PEP1 molecule interacts with TRF1, presumably at the site originally occupied by the TIN2 protein. Disturbance of the shelterin complex by studied molecule may not in short term lead to cytotoxic effects, however blocking TRF1-TIN2 resulted in cellular senescence in cellular breast cancer lines used as a cancer model. Thus, our compounds appeared useful as starting model compounds for precise blockage of TRF proteins.

  • MOF/TiO2 erythrocyte-like heterostructures decorated by noble metals for use in hydrogen photogeneration and pollutant photodegradation
    • Mateusz Baluk
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Aleksandra Pieczyńska
    • Kostiantyn Nikiforow
    • Grzegorz Trykowski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Mateusz Adam Baluk
    2023 Catalysis Science & Technology

    Various metal–organic framework (MOF)/TiO2 heterostructures can be obtained by the partial hydrolysis or calcination of Ti-based MOFs. By adjusting the hydrolysis and calcination steps of NH2-MIL-125 (Ti), a novel photoactive material composed of a MOF (NH2-MIL-125 (Ti)) and TiO2, with a unique “erythrocyte” shape, was developed. Furthermore, modification of the composition prepared by the partial hydrolysis of NH2- MIL-125 (Ti) (h-MOF) using Au, Ag, Pt, or Pd metal nanoparticles resulted in a significant increase in the efficiency of hydrogen photogeneration. Higher photocatalytic properties are associated with the excitation of MOFs and TiO2, electron transfer, and electron accumulation on nanoparticles. Using the optimal hMOF/Au photocatalyst, 117 μmol g−1 h−1 of hydrogen was produced. On the other hand, composites (chMOFs) obtained by calcination of h-MOFs after modification with Au showed high efficiency in the photodegradation of phenol under the threshold of visible radiation (over 42 μmol dm−3 h−1 ). These properties are related to the generation of electrons by Au nanoparticles because of the corresponding localized surface plasmon resonance. This results in the formation of reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl and superoxide radicals) that decompose organic pollutants. Overall, the obtained materials have high porosity and photocatalytic stability, which are important for photocatalytic processes.

  • Molecular mechanism and energetics of coupling between substrate binding and product release in the F 1 -ATPase catalytic cycle
    • Michał Badocha
    • Miłosz Wieczór
    • Antoni Marciniak
    • Cyprian Kleist
    • Helmut Grubmüller
    • Jacek Czub
    2023 Full text PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

    F1-ATPase is a motor protein that couples the rotation of its rotary γ subunit with ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Single-molecule experiments indicate that nucleotide binding and release events occur almost simultaneously during the synthesis cycle, allowing the energy gain due to spontaneous binding of ADP to one catalytic β subunit to be directly harnessed for driving the release of ATP from another rather than being dissipated as heat. Here, we examine the unknown mechanism of this coupling that is critical for an exceptionally high mechanochemical efficiency of F1-ATPase by means of all-atom free-energy simulations. We find that nondissipative and kinetically fast progression of the motor in the synthesis direction requires a concerted conformational change involving the closure of the ADP-binding β subunit followed by the gradual opening of the ATP-releasing β subunit over the course of the 30 to 40° rotary substep of the γ subunit. This rotary substep, preceding the ATP-dependent metastable state, allows for the recovery of a large portion of the ADP binding energy in the conformation of ATP-bound β that gradually adopts the low-affinity conformation, captured also by the recent cryo-EM structure of this elusive state. The release of ATP from this nearly open conformation leads to its further opening, which enables the progression of the motor to the next catalytic metastable state. Our simulations explain this energy conversion mechanism in terms of intersubunit and ligand–protein interactions.

  • Monitoring of a historic sacral building on an example Basilica St. Nicholas in Gdańsk
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2023 Full text Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

    he paper describes the case of monitoring the technical condition of a historic sacral building after a failure and during renovation works. In order to monitor the condition of the building, safely conduct diagnostic work, identify the causes of failures andsafely carry out renovation works, a detailed Facility Monitoring Program has been developed, which has been implemented, is operational and is a source of valuable data used to assess the current condition of the facility.

  • Monitorowanie oddziaływania ruchu kolejowego na środowisko - koncepcje i metody realizacji.
    • Piotr Chrostowski
    • Andrzej Wilk
    • Krzysztof Karwowski
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    • Roksana Licow
    • Wojciech Rafajłowicz
    • Adam Ratajczak
    • Radosław Idzikowski
    • Marek Szafrański
    • Tadeusz Widerski
    • Karol Daliga
    • Jacek Skibicki
    • Leszek Jarzębowicz
    • Michał Michna
    • Sławomir Judek
    • Paweł Bawolski
    • Roman Grot
    • Julia Omilianowicz
    2023

    W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia projektu badawczego, realizowanego w ramach Wspólnego Przedsięwzięcia NCBR i PKP PLK pn. „Badania i Rozwój w Infrastrukturze Kolejowej – BRIK 2”, dotyczącego opracowania systemu monitorującego, integrującego i przetwarzającego gromadzone dane związane z hałasem i drganiami na potrzeby zarządzania procesami utrzymaniowymi i inwestycyjnymi zarządcy infrastruktury kolejowej. W efekcie końcowym powstanie prototyp przenośnego, elastycznego funkcjonalnie systemu pomiarowego, złożonego z zestawu odpowiednich sensorów rozlokowanych w przestrzeni obejmującej wyselekcjonowany obszar wzdłuż linii kolejowej. W rezultacie powstanie kompleksowe narzędzie do pomiaru, analizy i automatycznego wsparcia procesów decyzyjnych.

  • Monolithic capsule phase microextraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in environmental water samples
    • Antonio Ferracane
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Abuzar Kabir
    • Kenneth G. Furton
    • Peter Q. Tranchida
    • George A. Zachariadis
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Luigi Mondello
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Erwin Rosenberg
    2023 Full text MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    In this study, a capsule phase microextraction (CPME) protocol followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is proposed for the accurate and sensitive monitoring of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental water samples. Different monolithic sol–gel encapsulated sorbents were compared and monolithic sol–gel poly(ethylene glycol)-based sorbent incorporated into porous microextraction capsules resulted in the highest extraction efficiency. Following the selection of the microextraction device, the CPME conditions were optimized, while linearity, limits detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), accuracy, and precision were the figures-of-merit measured. Under optimum conditions the LODs for the OCPs ranged between 0.01 ng mL−1 and 0.03 ng mL−1. The relative standard deviations were better than 5.3 % and 9.2 % for intra-day and inter-day study, respectively. The relative recoveries ranged between 90.5 and 105.2 % (intra-day) and 93.0–105.0 % (inter-day), demonstrating good method trueness. Finally, the proposed protocol was implemented for the monitoring of OCPs in tap, river, pond, and lake water. The developed method presents better analytical features than existing methods.

  • Monte Carlo simulations of the fracture resistance degradation of asphalt concrete subjected to environmental factors
    • Cezary Szydłowski
    • Łukasz Smakosz
    • Marcin Stienss
    • Jarosław Górski
    2023 Full text Archives of Civil Engineering

    The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of SCB (semi-circular beam) samples of asphalt concrete, subjected to the destructive effect of water and frost as well as the aging processes. The determined values of material parameters show significant dispersions, which makes the design of mixtures difficult. Statistical analysis of the test results supplemented by computer simulations made with the use of the proprietary FEM model was carried out. The main distinguishing feature of the model is the assignment of material parameters of coarse aggregate and bituminous mortar to randomly selected finite elements. The parameters of the mortar are selected by trial and error to match the numerical results to the experimental ones. The stiffness modulus of the bituminous mortar is, therefore, a substitute parameter, taking into account the influence of many factors, including material degradation resulting from the aging and changing environmental conditions, the influence of voids, and contact between the aggregate and the bituminous mortar. The use of the Monte Carlo method allows to reflect the scattering of the results obtained based on laboratory tests. The computational algorithm created in the ABAQUS was limited only to the analysis of the global mechanical bending response of the SCB sample, without mapping the failure process in detail. The combination of the results of laboratory tests usually carried out on a limited number of samples and numerical simulations provide a sufficiently large population of data to carry out a reliable statistical analysis, and to estimate the reliability of the material designed.

  • Morphology control through the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks
    • Justyna Łuczak
    • Malwina Kroczewska
    • Mateusz Baluk
    • Jakub Sowik
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Mateusz Adam Baluk
    2023 Full text ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

    Designable morphology and predictable properties are the most challenging goals in material engineering. Features such as shape, size, porosity, agglomeration ratio significantly affect the final properties of metal- organic frameworks (MOFs) and can be regulated throughout synthesis parameters but require a deep under- standing of the mechanisms of MOFs formation. Herein, we systematically summarize the effects of the indi- vidual synthesis factors, such as pH of reaction mixture, including acidic or basic character of modulators, temperature, solvents types, surfactants type and content and ionic liquids on the morphology of growing MOFs. We identified main mechanisms of MOFs’ growth leading to different morphology of final particles and next systematically discuss the effect of miscellaneous parameters on MOFs morphology based on the main mecha- nisms related to the nucleation, growth and formation of final MOFs structure, including coordination modu- lation, protonation/deprotonation acting and modulation by surfactants or capping agents. The effect of microwaves and ultrasound employment during synthesis is also considered due to their affecting especially nucleation and particles growing steps during MOFs formation