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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Thermal Energy Storage with PCMs in Shell-and-Tube Units: A Review
    • Janusz Cieśliński
    • Maciej Fabrykiewicz
    2023 Full text ENERGIES

    The paper presents a survey of the experimental and numerical studies of shell-and-tube systems in which phase change material (PCM) is used. Due to the multitude of design solutions for shell-and-tube systems, the emphasis is placed on double-tube (DT), triplex-tube (TT), and multitube (MT) units. Additionally, only single-pass systems are considered. Particular attention is paid to the method of heat transfer intensification. The analysis of the research results begins with the classification of each of the three mentioned systems. The systems are divided according to the angle of inclination, the method of heat transfer enhancement (HTE), the flow direction of heat transfer fluid (HTF), and the arrangement of tubes in the bundle. Moreover, the simplified schemes of the particular research cases are proposed. Then, the works on each of the mentioned systems, i.e., DT, TT, and MT, are discussed chronologically. Finally, in the corresponding tables, details of the discussed cases are presented, such as geometric dimensions, and the type of PCM or HTF used. A novelty in the present work is the precise classification of PCM TESUs as DT, TTH, and MTH. In the literature, there is a lot of discretion in this regard. Second, the methods of heat transfer intensification in the presented PCM TESUs are listed and discussed. Third, unified schemes of design solutions for the discussed PCM TESUs are proposed. The review shows that development directions for shell-and-tube TESUs include systems with high conductivity fins of different shapes, heights, and spacing, several PCMs, and modified shells.

  • Thermal Image Processing for Respiratory Estimation from Cubical Data with Expandable Depth
    • Maciej Szankin
    • Alicja Kwaśniewska
    • Jacek Rumiński
    2023 Full text Journal of Imaging

    As healthcare costs continue to rise, finding affordable and non-invasive ways to monitor vital signs is increasingly important. One of the key metrics for assessing overall health and identifying potential issues early on is respiratory rate (RR). Most of the existing methods require multiple steps that consist of image and signal processing. This might be difficult to deploy on edge devices that often do not have specialized digital signal processors (DSP). Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop a single neural network realizing the entire process of RR estimation in a single forward pass. The proposed solution builds on recent advances in video recognition, capturing both spatial and temporal information in a multi-path network. Both paths process the data at different sampling rates to capture rapid and slow changes that are associated with differences in the temperature of the nostril area during the breathing episodes. The preliminary results show that the introduced end-to-end solution achieves better performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, without requiring additional pre/post-processing steps and signal-processing techniques. In addition, the presented results demonstrate its robustness on low-resolution thermal video sequences that are often used at the embedded edge due to the size and power constraints of such systems. Taking that into account, the proposed approach has the potential for efficient and convenient respiratory rate estimation across various markets in solutions deployed locally, close to end users.

  • Thermal Instability of Gold Thin Films
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Piotr Dróżdż
    • Mariusz Gołębiowski
    • Piotr Okoczuk
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Marta Sobanska
    • Aleksiej Pietruczik
    • Zbigniew R. Zytkiewicz
    • Ryszard Zdyb
    • Wojciech Sadowski
    • Barbara Kościelska
    2023 Full text Coatings

    The disintegration of a continuous metallic thin film leads to the formation of isolated islands, which can be used for the preparation of plasmonic structures. The transformation mechanism is driven by a thermally accelerated diffusion that leads to the minimalization of surface free energy in the system. In this paper, we report the results of our study on the disintegration of gold thin film and the formation of nanoislands on silicon substrates, both pure and with native silicon dioxide film. To study the processes leading to the formation of gold nanostructures and to investigate the effect of the oxide layer on silicon diffusion, metallic film with a thickness of 3 nm was deposited by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique on both pure and oxidized silicon substrates. Transformation of the thin film was observed by low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the nanostructures formed were observed by atomic force microscope (AFM) method. Structural investigations were performed by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods. Our experiments confirmed a strong correlation between the formation of nanoislands and the presence of native oxide on silicon substrates.

  • Thermomagnetic behavior of a semiconductor material heated by pulsed excitation based on the fourth-order MGT photothermal model
    • Ahmed Abouelregal
    • Hamid M. Sedighi
    • Victor Eremeev
    2023 Full text CONTINUUM MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS

    This article proposes a photothermal model to reveal the thermo-magneto-mechanical properties of semiconductor materials, including coupled diffusion equations for thermal conductivity, elasticity, and excess carrier density. The proposed model is developed to account for the optical heating that occurs through the semiconductor medium. The Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equation of the fourth-order serves as the theoretical framework to establish the photothermal model. It is well-known that the optical and heat transfer properties of such materials behave as random functions of photoexcited-carrier density; therefore, the current model is remarkably more reliable compared to the earlier closed-form theories which are limited to a single form. The constructed theoretical framework is able to investigate the magneto-photo-thermoelastic problems in a semiconductor medium due to laser pulse excitation as a case study. Some parametric studies are used to exhibit the impact of thermal parameters, electromagnetic fields, laser pulses and thermoelectric coupling factors on the thermomagnetic behavior of physical variables. Finally, several numerical examples have been presented to draw the distributions of the examined field variables.

  • thestats: An Open-Data R Package for Exploring Turkish Higher Education Statistics
    • Mustafa Cavus
    • Olgun Aydin
    2023 Full text Yuksekogretim Dergisi

    There are open datasets available for official statistics, finance, education, and a variety of other domains. The open datasets are published by third-party vendors as well as official authorities. For example, The Turkish Higher Education Council maintains a web portal dedicated to higher education in Türkiye. Detailed datasets about universities, faculties, and departments can be obtained from the portal. Using the data provided by the portal, detailed analysis can be done such as the understanding impact of higher education on activities in the economy connected to movements of the students within or between cities. Especially such activity can be observed in real estate since students rent flats or rooms. Moreover, this data helps researchers analyze changes in students’ preferences in terms of higher education over time. Although this site contains a variety of important information, it does not provide any Application Programming Interfaces (API) or any other possibilities to easily download or query the data in one place. This paper introduces thestats, a user-friendly R data package designed to make higher education statistics easily accessible. Researchers can use the package to query data, which is already scraped from the portal, using the R functions provided by the package. Thanks to the package, researchers do not need to perform any further effort to delve into Turkish higher education statistics. It is sufficient for the researchers to use the package to begin exploring.

  • Three-dimensional numerical investigation of hybrid nanofluids in chain microchannel under electrohydrodynamic actuator
    • Milad Amiri
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2023 Full text NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS

    Energy efficiency enhancement methods have received considerable attentionwithin the industry and scientific community, owing to the rising concern ofglobal energy sustainability. The present article attempts to scrutinize the effectsof electrohydrodynamics and nanofluids on the rate of heat transfer and fluidflow in the 3-D chain microchannels. Improved heat exchangers (e.g., chainmicrochannel) would have a key role in increasing of the performance of suchsystems since they provide efficient thermal management needed for morerobust computational power. To date, analysis of electrohydrodynamics andnanofluids in the chain microchannel was not comprehensively discussed. Here,steady-state, laminar, and three-dimensional chain microchannel are numeric-ally modeled based on a control volume method in Fluent. Results show thatby increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles, the viscosity of the nanofluidincreases leading to an increase in pressure drops. Moreover, Nusselt at Re¼125, 250, 500 and 1000 for hybrid nanofluid (; AL2O3¼; CuO¼4%) is 1.206,1.541, 2.075 and 2.707, respectively which, in turn, depicts surging by 22.94%,24.17%, 24.70% and 24.707% in comparison to water, respectively. In addition,at low Reynolds number (0.416Re4:166Þ, the lower Reynolds results indecreasing of percentage of pressure drop. Meanwhile, imposing electrohydro-dynamic (V¼30 KV) at Re¼125, 250, 500 and 1000 leads to increasing by 23%,22%, 20% and 18% of Nusselt number in comparison to absence of electricfield, respectively. It means that the considered effect of the increasing theNusselt number at lower Reynolds number is more effective. Moreover, heattransfer rises with augmentation of supplied voltage and Reynolds number.

  • ThreSpect – A Program for the Determination of the Appearance Energies of Neutral and Ionized Species
    • Michał Jurkowski
    • Damian Głowienka
    • Tomasz Wąsowicz
    2023 Romanian Journal of Physics

    Collisions of photons and charged particles with molecules lead to their excitation, ionization, and dissociation into neutral and ionized fragments. Accurately determining thresholds of the formation of particular products plays a vital role in analyzing processes occurring during these interactions. Therefore, we present a computer program, “ThreSpect,” that allows calculating threshold energies of various species generated in these collisions irrespective of whether they are recorded with mass spectrometric or emission spectroscopic techniques.

  • Throughput Accounting – Rachunkowość Zarządcza w rękach managerów
    • Jerzy Kuncicki
    • Joanna Czerska
    2023

    Literatury na temat rachunkowości zarządczej i rachunku kosztów jest tak dużo, że każdy zainteresowany łatwo znajdzie coś dla siebie w dobrych księgarniach. Nie będziemy cytowali definicji, kategorii czy rozwiązań w rachunku kosztu ani nie dajemy czytelnikom podręcznika z zakresu stosowania rachunku kosztów. Chcemy natomiast podzielić się naszym – dyrektora finansowego oraz dyrektora produkcji – doświadczeniem, odkryciami, a także pasją, jaką jest rachunek kosztów i którą od wielu lat stosujemy w życiu zawodowym. W dość długiej już drodze zawodowej mieliśmy przyjemność poznania wielu firm o różnym profilu działalności, z różnych branż i o różnej wielkości. W każdej z nich Jerzy Kuncicki zajmował się bezpośrednio bądź pośrednio rachunkiem kosztów, a Joanna Czerska ponosiła skutki tego rachunku, realizując projekty doskonalące, nakierowane na poprawę wyników firmy i redukcję kosztów. Mieliśmy przyjemność pracować na wysokich stanowiskach, co umożliwiło nam szersze spojrzenie na systemy informacyjne, w tym na rachunek kosztów w powiązaniu ze strategią firmy. Oboje mieliśmy możliwość dogłębnego poznania produkcji w różnych branżach i związanych z tą produkcją systemów rachunku kosztów. A teraz chcemy podzielić się z czytelnikami tym doświadczeniem i wynikającymi z niego spostrzeżeniami. Książkę zbudowaliśmy tak, jak wyglądała nasza droga do znalezienia odpowiedzi na nurtujące nas pytania. Zaczynamy zatem od ustalenia, do czego potrzebny jest nam, managerom, rachunek kosztów i jakie błędy popełnialiśmy, stosując tradycyjny rachunek kosztów. W kolejnym rozdziale skupiamy się na zidentyfikowaniu przyczyny tych błędów. Dalej przedstawiamy Throughput Accounting, który pomógł rozwiązać nasze problemy. Najwięcej miejsca poświęciliśmy na pokazanie czytelnikom możliwości użycia Throughput Accounting do podejmowania decyzji managerskich. Decyzji, z którymi mierzyliśmy się w zawodowej pracy, a które z pewnością są wyzwaniem i dla czytelników. Ponieważ decyzje managerów zależą od sytuacji rynkowej firmy, podzieliliśmy przykłady na dwie grupy. Pierwsza grupa – to scenariusze dla firm, które wykorzystały moce wytwórcze, ograniczające możliwości dowolnego kształtowania sprzedaży. Druga grupa – to scenariusze dla przedsiębiorstw mierzących się z ograniczeniem rynkowym, czyli posiadających niewykorzystane moce wytwórcze. Zapraszamy do lektury! Joanna Czerska, Jerzy Kuncicki

  • Ti-Fe2O3/In2O3 as photoactive material: The role of the substrate in photoelectrochemical water oxidation
    • Mariusz Szkoda
    • Anna Ilnicka
    • Zuzanna Zarach
    • Daria Roda
    • Andrzej Nowak
    • Konrad Trzciński
    2023 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS

    The layers of Ti-Fe2O3/In2O3 were prepared on the different substrates using hydrothermal method: Ti/TiO2 nanotubes, Ti foil, FTO and FTO/TiO2. Materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, XRD, Raman, UV-Vis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and tested as photoanodes for water oxidation under illumination. The formation of heterojunction on the TiO2 nanotubes increases photocurrent of water oxidation at 0.7 V vs. RHE to over 520 μA/cm2, while Ti/Ti-Fe2O3/In2O3, FTO/Ti-Fe2O3/In2O3, and FTO/TiO2/Ti-Fe2O3/In2O3 exhibit 130, 31 and 152 μA/cm2, respectively. Thus, the work indicates that the presence of TiO2 in the form of nanotubes as a substrate increases the efficiency of photocurrent generation.

  • Time fractional analysis of Casson fluid with application of novel hybrid fractional derivative operator
    • Aziz Ur Rehman
    • Muhammad Riaz
    • Ilyas Khan
    • Abdullah Mohamed
    2023 Full text AIMS Mathematics

    A new approach is used to investigate the analytical solutions of the mathematical fractional Casson fluid model that is described by the Constant Proportional Caputo fractional operator having non-local and singular kernel near an infinitely vertical plate. The phenomenon has been expressed in terms of partial differential equations, and the governing equations were then transformed in non-dimensional form. For the sake of generalized memory effects, a new mathematical fractional model is formulated based on the newly introduced Constant Proportional Caputo fractional derivative operator. This fractional model has been solved analytically, and exact solutions for dimensionless velocity, concentration and energy equations are calculated in terms of Mittag-Leffler functions by employing the Laplace transformation method. For the physical significance of various system parameters such as α , β , Pr , Gr , Gm , Sc on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, different graphs are demonstrated by Mathcad software. The Constant Proportional Caputo fractional parameter exhibited a retardation effect on momentum and energy profile, but it is visualized that for small values of Casson fluid parameter, the velocity profile is higher. Furthermore, to validated the acquired solutions, some limiting models such as the ordinary Newtonian model are recovered from the fractionalized model. Moreover, the graphical representations of the analytical solutions illustrated the main results of the present work. Also, from the literature, it is observed that to deriving analytical results from fractional fluid models developed by the various fractional operators is difficult, and this article contributes to answering the open problem of obtaining analytical solutions for the fractionalized fluid models.

  • Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia
    • Vipin Kumar Oad
    • Adam Szymkiewicz
    • Nabeel Ali Khan
    • Shahzad Ashraf
    • Rab Nawaz
    • Abdelrazek Elnashar
    • Syed Saad
    • Abdul Hannan Qureshi
    2023 Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment

    The Bakun-Murum (BM) catchment region of the Rajang River Basin (RRB), Sarawak, Malaysia, has been under severe threat for the last few years due to urbanization, global warming, and climate change. The present study aimed to evaluate the time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation/agricultural lands and the water availability within the BM region. For this purpose, the Landsat data for the past thirty years (1990–2020) were used. Remote sensing techniques for estimating the surface temperatures and variation within the vegetation and water bodies were utilized, and validation was done using on-ground weather stations. Google Earth Engine (GEE) and other RS & GIS tools were used for analyzing the time series trends of land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and normalized difference water index (NDWI). The results exposed an overall rise of 1.06 °C in the annual mean temperatures over the last thirty years. A maximum annual mean NDVI of 0.48 was recorded for 2018 and 2019. The lowest annual mean NDVI (0.27) was observed in 2005. The annual mean NDWI increased to 0.48 in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The statistical correlation results revealed the coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.09 and 0.13 for the annual mean LST and annual mean NDVI and the annual mean LST and annual mean NDWI, respectively. Moreover, the Mann-Kendall trend test for the annual mean temperature series indicates a slightly increasing trend with Sen's slope of 0.03 °C/year. It is found that there is a positive trend in the annual mean rainfall patterns, as Sen's slope indicates a yearly increase of 50.58 mm/year. This study found significant changes in the LST, NDVI, and NDWI of the BM catchment region during the last thirty years, demanding the concerned authorities' instant attention to alleviate the adverse effects of such changes to protect the ecosystem.

  • TIME-DOMAIN NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF SHIP RESISTANCE AND MOTION IN REGULAR WAVES BY USING THE CFD URANS METHOD
    • Mohamad Sadeghi
    • Hamid Zeraatgar
    • Mohammad Ghaemi
    • Mojtaba Barjasteh
    2023 Full text

    Taking into account the International Maritime Organisation’s (IMO) strategy to radically reduce the GHG emitted by the shipping industry towards zero emission operation, today's assessment of ship behaviour in waves, its seakeeping characteristics and resistance and their interrelation with fuel consumption and emissions are one of the most attended research subject. There are three methods to conduct this analysis, which are Experimental Fluid Dynamics (FED), numerical methods e.g. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and empirical analysis. This study shows the results of time-domain analysis of ship motions and resistance in head sea waves by using the CFD method, which is then verified using the experimental results. The tests were run for different wavelengths for a KCS model. Numerical results, which are based on solving Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (URANS) show that the CFD method applied by using STAR CCM+ can be reliable for evaluating the ship seakeeping characteristics and resistance in waves.

  • Time-Gating method with automatic calibration for accurate measurements of electrically small antenna radiation patterns in Non-Anechoic environments
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Michał Czyż
    2023 Full text MEASUREMENT

    Non-anechoic sites represent a cheap alternative to measurements of antennas in dedicated facilities. However, due to a high noise—from the external EM signal sources and multipath interferences—the quality of radiation patterns obtained in non-anechoic conditions is poor. The characteristics can be corrected using a time-gating method (TGM), which involves filtering of the noise based on temporal analysis of the measured signals. Unfortunately, determination of appropriate TGM setup is prone to failure due to its manual, or semi-manual nature. In this work, an automatic TGM calibration algorithm for accurate measurements in non-anechoic environments has been proposed. The method involves calibration of the test site using the antenna with known accurate responses. The process is implemented as an optimization routine where TGM intervals are adjusted through a curve fitting of the on-site measurements to the reference radiation patterns. The proposed framework has been demonstrated using four compact radiators and validated against the state-of-the-art techniques. Applicability of the method for calibration of the measurements in distinct test sites, as well as the analysis of the aliasing and external noise on the quality of corrected measurements have also been investigated.

  • TIME-OF-FLIGHT DIFFERENTIAL ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM MOLECULAR TARGETS: BENCHMARK CROSS SECTIONS
    • Mateusz Zawadzki
    • Murtadha Khakoo
    2023

    We report time-of-flight differential cross section (DCS) measurements for the electron impact excitation transition in H2. In this work, agreement between available theory and experiment is excellent overall, and marks a transition in electron molecule scattering where differential scattering of excitation is found to be in such precise agreement. We also prove that the newly built apparatus can be used for accurate measurement of the mass stopping power for low energy electrons for H2 for which agreement between theory and experiment is found to be excellent.

  • TiO2-C nanocomposite synthesized via facile surfactant-assisted method as a part of less energy-consuming LED-based photocatalytic system for environmental applications
    • Adam Kubiak
    • Anna Grzegórska
    • Elżbieta Gabała
    • Joanna Zembrzuska
    • Mirosław Szybowicz
    • Hubert Fuks
    • Anna Szymczyk
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    • Marek Sikorski
    • Teofil Jesionowski
    2023 JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY

    A novel facile method was used to incorporate carbon into the titania structure. An alternative synthesis method of carbon-doped TiO2 has been proposed by using a widely used and cheap surfactant. During the process, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide plays a dual role, as a morphology modifier and as a carbon source. The presented approach allows obtained TiO2-C nanostructures to be anatase nanocrystals with carbon being deposited either on the surface or between the TiO2 nanoparticles. The innovative nature of the research subject is related to the design of cheap LED solutions and facile synthesis of TiO2-C for use in novel energy-saving photocatalytic systems. Photocatalytic studies showed promising activity in the oxidation of 4-chlorophenol. Furthermore, it was indicated that LED-based photocatalytic systems allow a significant reduction in energy consumption compared to conventional photocatalytic sets. In addition, the high thermal efficiency of LED systems was confirmed with a thermal imaging camera. Hence, the presented novel LED photocatalytic systems can be an important part of a broad strategy for the protection of the environment.

  • Topography measurement methods evaluation for entire bending-fatigued fracture surfaces of specimens obtained by explosive welding
    • Przemysław Podulka
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Dariusz Rozumek
    • Krzysztof Żak
    • Ricardo Branco
    2023 Full text MEASUREMENT

    In this paper, the methods of compensation of differences in the results of entire bending-fatigued fracture surface topographies were presented. The roughness evaluation was performed with a focus variation microscope and confocal surface topography measurement techniques. The differences in the ISO 25178 roughness parameters were investigated and procedures for their compensation were studied. It was found that various types of optical measurements can cause differences in the errors occurring in the measurement process, such as outliers, and noise. The reduction of differences in the various optical roughness measurements can be attained when measurement errors are compensated. For this study, the applications of general procedures available in commercial software can be suitable for improvements of the roughness measurement results, such as raw data thresholding technique, digital filtering (S-filter), power spectral density, and autocorrelation function analyses. The validation of measurement techniques was proposed for areal and profile studies, including analysis of differences in the calculation areal ISO 25178 roughness parameters.

  • Topological-numerical analysis of a two-dimensional discrete neuron model
    • Paweł Pilarczyk
    • Justyna Signerska-Rynkowska
    • Grzegorz Graff
    2023 Full text CHAOS

    We conduct computer-assisted analysis of a two-dimensional model of a neuron introduced by Chialvo in 1995 [Chaos, Solitons Fractals 5, 461–479]. We apply the method of rigorous analysis of global dynamics based on a set-oriented topological approach, introduced by Arai et al. in 2009 [SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. 8, 757–789] and improved and expanded afterward. Additionally, we introduce a new algorithm to analyze the return times inside a chain recurrent set. Based on this analysis, together with the information on the size of the chain recurrent set, we develop a new method that allows one to determine subsets of parameters for which chaotic dynamics may appear. This approach can be applied to a variety of dynamical systems, and we discuss some of its practical aspects. In the last three decades, various discrete models of a single neuron were introduced, aimed at reflecting the dynamics of neural processes. Unfortunately, analytical methods offer limited insight into the nature of some phenomena encountered by such models. In this paper, we study the classical multi-parameter Chialvo model by means of a novel topological method that uses set-oriented rigorous numerics combined with computational topology. We enrich the existing tools with a new approach that we call finite resolution recurrence. We obtain a comprehensive picture of global dynamics of the model, and we reveal its bifurcation structure. We combine the recurrence analysis with machine learning methods in order to detect parameter ranges that yield chaotic behavior.

  • Total impact of oxidative stress genes on cardiovascular events—a 7-year follow-up study
    • Milena Racis
    • Anna Stanisławska-Sachadyn
    • Wojciech Sobiczewski
    • Marcin Wirtwein
    • Michał Krzemiński
    • Andrzej Rynkiewicz
    • Bartosz Wasąg
    • Miłosz Jaguszewski
    • Marcin Gruchała
    2023 Full text JOURNAL OF APPLIED GENETICS

    Cardiovascular (CV) events are the number one cause of lifetime disability and deaths worldwide. It is well known that traditional risk factors do not fully correlate with clinical outcomes; therefore, searching for other markers that would explain CV events occurrence seems essential. Of importance, one of the main factors at the origin of CV events is oxidative stress, causing inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque instability. Therefore the present study was conducted to evaluate eight carefully selected genetic polymorphisms related to oxidative stress as risk modifiers for CV events. A cohort of 1020 patients with coronary atherosclerosis was analysed in a 7-year follow-up observational study. The following endpoints were assessed: CV death, myocardial infarction (MI) and a combined endpoint of CV death/MI/stroke. Our results show that single polymorphisms are not significant cardiovascular disease risk factors, but genetic risk score (GRS), defined as the accumulation of our eight studied polymorphisms, was significantly associated with the three. Specifically, low GRS was associated with a higher risk of CV death, MI and CV death/MI/stroke. In conclusion, when regarding CV events, GRS investigated here can become clinically meaningful and undoubtedly adds to the knowledge in stratifying the risk of CV events.

  • Toward Safe and Efficient Recovery of Gas Munitions Dumped at Sea
    • Lech Rowiński
    • Thanh Hai Truong
    • Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen
    2023 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    The proposal of a system for the safe recovery of unexploded ordnance (UXO), chemical weapons (CW) and chemicalwarfare agents (CWA) dumped at sea mainly after WWI and WWII is described in this work. The proposed solutionaddresses the tasks required to neutralise thousands of tons of dumped material and the currently available solutionsand proposed ideas. Requirements concerning the features of a recovery system are defined and scrutinised, thesebeing intended to ensure the safety of this phase of the UXO/CW neutralisation process. To meet this requirement,the concept of a remotely operated, two-component working size underwater vehicle is proposed, supplemented bya properly sized and outfitted surface platform that is an important part of the recovery system. Finally, the basiccomponents of the proposed system configuration are characterised, together with their functions during the recoveryof dangerous CWA-related objects

  • Towards a Framework for Context Awareness Based on Textual Process Data
    • Aleksandra Revina
    • Nina Rizun
    • Aksu Ünal
    2023

    Context awareness is critical for the successful execution of processes. In the abundance of business process management (BPM) research, frameworks exclusively devoted to extracting context from textual process data are scarce. With the deluge of textual data and its increasing value for organizations, it be-comes essential to employ relevant text analytics techniques to increase the awareness of business process (BP) workers, which is important for BP execu-tion. Following the design science research guidelines, the present paper ad-dresses this demand by developing a framework for context awareness based on textual process data using a well-established layered BPM context model. This framework combines and maps various text analytics techniques to the layers of the context model, aiming to increase the context awareness of BP workers and facilitate informed decision-making. The framework is conceptualized in an IT ticket processing case study. The findings show that contextual information ob-tained using our framework enriches the awareness of BP workers regarding the process instance urgency, complexity, and upcoming tasks and assists in making decisions in terms of these aspects

  • Towards a Universal Model of Engineering Change Management
    • Jakub Tryczak
    • Anna Lis
    • Paweł Ziemiański
    • Jacek Czyżewicz
    2023 Full text Journal of the Knowledge Economy

    The paper deals with the issue of engineering change management (ECM). ECM has received much less attention in the literature than general change management. Moreover, due to their specifics (complexity and multifaceted nature), hitherto developed ECM models are difficult to implement in companies. The paper aims to develop a simplified, universal, and hence easily applicable model of ECM. We based our assumptions on a case study of a manufacturing company with low-volume production, representing a high-mix type, posing the following research question: how to improve the ECM process to make it simpler and more quickly adaptable in companies with the analyzed type of production when compared to the existing models? To answer this question, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted in late 2021/early 2022 using in-depth personal interviews. The research sample included 31 employees involved in ECM processes. The primary technique for analyzing and interpreting the data was conventional qualitative content analysis. The study identified gaps and bottlenecks in the existing ECM model. On this basis, a proposal for a new ECM model was developed, distinguished by its simplicity and versatility (it can be implemented in companies operating in various industries). Particular emphasis was placed on ensuring the flow of information and circulation of technical documentation between the departments involved and clarifying the role of the change administrator. The paper sheds new light on how to implement engineering changes in organizations and has considerable application value.

  • Towards High-Value Datasets Determination for Data-Driven Development: A Systematic Literature Review
    • Anastasija Nikiforova
    • Nina Rizun
    • Magdalena Ciesielska
    • Charalampos Harris Alexopoulos
    • Andrea Miletić
    2023

    Open government data (OGD) is seen as a political and socio-economic phenomenon that promises to promote civic engagement and stimulate public sector innovations in various areas of public life. To bring the expected benefits, data must be reused and transformed into value-added products or services. This, in turn, sets another precondition for data that are expected to not only be available and comply with open data principles, but also be of value, i.e., of interest for reuse by the end-user. This refers to the notion of “high-value dataset” (HVD), recognized by the European Data Portal as a key trend in the OGD area in 2022. While there is progress in this direction, e.g., the Open Data Directive, incl. identifying 6 key categories, a list of HVDs and arrangements for their publication and re-use, they can be seen as “core” / “base” datasets aimed at increasing interoperability of public sector data with a high priority, contributing to the development of a more mature OGD initiative. Depending on the specifics of a region and country - geographical location, social, environmental, economic issues, cultural characteristics, (under)developed sectors and market specificities, more datasets can be recognized as of high value for a particular country. However, there is no standardized approach to assist chief data officers in this, and there is a clear lack of conceptualizations for the determination of HVD and systematic oversight. In this paper, we present a systematic review of existing literature on HVD determination, which is expected to form an initial knowledge base for this process, including used approaches and indicators to de-termine them, data, stakeholders

  • Towards large-scale application of nanoporous materials in membranes for separation of energy-relevant gas mixtures
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    • Kumar V. Agrawal
    • Zhiping Lai
    • Joaquín Coronas
    2023 SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

    Membranes containing nanoporous materials (such as zeolites, metal–organic materials and 2D materials such as graphene derivatives) may allow more efficient separation of gas mixtures relevant to emerging energy technologies. For example, such membranes could be applied in the separation of gases containing mixtures of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2). However, these membranes are currently at a relatively low technology readiness level. Hence, here we review the opportunities and challenges of applying these porous materials in practice and at scale in membranes for possible commercialization. Besides, we highlight the necessity of improvements in the porosity control of 2D materials and the decrease in the selective membrane skin layer when adapted in asymmetric membranes. In this latter point, we declare the main limitations of porous supports, as well as the further developments needed in the gutter layer and supports. Additionally, we review the main membrane module configurations and process requirements, declaring the most suitable configurations (e.g. spiral wound and hollow fiber modules) at scale with promising future for highly intensified membrane modules for application in CO2 and H2 separations. Finally, apart from the conclusions derived from this review, we outline useful recommendations for the researchers in the field.

  • Towards more inclusive qualitative research: the practice of interviewing neurominorities
    • Joanna Szulc
    2023 Full text Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work

    Management scholars increasingly focus their efforts on the development of neurodivergent human capital and the promotion of inclusive employment and decent work. However, it may be argued that existing research still suffers from the lack of a comprehensive appreciation of what neurominorities may find difficult in the research process or how they interpret what the researchers are doing. In the light of only fragmented advice about how qualitative research with neurominorities should be conducted, this short research note aims to promote effective and inclusive qualitative research that ensures that the specific needs of neurominorities are taken into account throughout the entire research pathway. Building on the existing literature and my own reflections, I call on qualitative management scholars to engage in research that is truly impactful at multiple levels by re-considering how they make impact on those who traditionally have less voice or power.

  • Towards Robust Identification of Nonstationary Systems
    • Artur Gańcza
    • Marta Chełkowska
    • Natalia Kleinschmidt
    2023

    The article proposes a fast, two-stage method for the identification of nonstationary systems. The method uses iterative reweighting to robustify the identification process against the outliers in the measurement noise and against the numerical errors that may occur at the first stage of identification. We also propose an adaptive algorithm to optimize the values of the hyperparameters that are crucial for this new method.

  • TQM jako podstawa przemian projakościowych w szkolnictwie wyższym
    • Piotr Grudowski
    2023 Full text Problemy Jakości

    Cel: Przedstawienie najważniejszych wniosków płynących z badań prowadzonych w różnych regionach świata oraz obserwacji własnych prezentujących wpływ koncepcji TQM na efekty zarządzania w instytucjach szkolnictwa wyższego. Projekt badania/metodyka badawcza/koncepcja: Wykorzystano studium literatury wg zaleceń metodycznych J. Creswella. Wnioski płynące z rozważań oparto, przede wszystkim, na podejściu indukcyjnym. Wyniki/wnioski: Przedstawiono czynniki wspierające wprowadzanie TQM w szkołach wyższych. Wskazano także typowe problemy spotykane w związku z wprowadzaniem TQM oraz koncepcji pokrewnych w uczelniach. Określono warunki skutecznej integracji inicjatyw projakościowych w uczelniach z koncepcją Jakości 4.0 i Społeczeństwa 5.0. Ograniczenia: Wybrano jedynie najważniejsze – zdaniem autora – czynniki wspierające i problemy dotyczące aplikacji TQM w szkołach wyższych. Wnioski ograniczają się do wyników badań dostępnych w ramach studium literatury światowej i doświadczeń własnych autora. Zastosowanie praktyczne: Wskazane wnioski z badań oraz praktycznych doświadczeń mogą być uwzględnione przez personel uczelni odpowiedzialny za doskonalenie procesów w ramach konkretnych projektów. Oryginalność/wartość poznawcza: Artykuł pełni rolę porządkującą, jeśli chodzi o teorię i praktykę dotyczące roli koncepcji TQM w doskonaleniu systemów zarządzania szkół wyższych, wskazując czynniki, które powinny być przedmiotem dociekań w tym zakresie.

  • Trade of the European Union with the Post-Soviet Republics of Central Asia in the Second Decade of the 21st Century
    • Krystyna Gomółka
    2023 Studia Wschodnioeuropejskie

    .The article presents the European Union's trade with five Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kigistan and Uzbekistan in the two decades of the 21st century.

  • Transformation of bimetallic Ag–Cu thin films into plasmonically active composite nanostructures
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Robert Kozioł
    • Wojciech Skubida
    • Piotr Winiarz
    • Rowa Mahjoub Yahia Elhassan
    • Wojciech Sadowski
    • Barbara Kościelska
    2023 Full text Scientific Reports

    Formation of plasmonically active silver, copper and composite silver-copper nanostructures were studied in this paper. Metallic nanostructures were fabricated by thermal disintegration, so called dewetting, of the thin films in an argon atmosphere. The formation process of the nanostructures was in-situ observed by a novel method, based on resistance measurements. The influence of the material and thickness of the initial thin film on temperature of their disintegration was investigated. Electrical measurements were validated by scanning electron microscopy observations, while metallic the behavior of nanostructures was studied by XPS method. The formation of silver-copper nanocomposite structures was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. Plasmon resonance with two characteristic peaks for nanocomposite structures was observed.

  • Transformator z tyrystorowym przełącznikiem zaczepów jako obiekt sterowania
    • Piotr Sępka
    • Maciej Brzycki
    • Artur Cichowski
    2023 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    Artykuł jest wynikiem realizacji studenckiego projektu, którego obiektem badań były transformatory z tyrystorowym podobciążeniowym przełącznikiem zaczepów (PPZ), znajdujące się w Laboratorium LINTE^2. Projekt obejmował analizę stanów przejściowych zachodzących podczas przełączania tyrystorów. W referacie przedstawiono opracowany model tyrystorowego przełącznika zaczepów wraz z wynikami badań symulacyjnych.

  • Transport of dangerous goods by rail, and threats to the subsoil of the railway surface in the event of a disaster
    • Eligiusz Mieloszyk
    • Anita Milewska
    • Mariusz Wyroślak
    2023 Full text AIP Conference Proceedings

    In Poland, in 2020, the mass of dangerous goods (loads) transported by rail was 26 151.06 thousand tone. This translated into the performance of 8 899 691.89 thousand tone - km of transport performance. In 2020, these figures accounted for 11.72% of the weight of goods transported by rail. The situation is similar in other countries around the world. With such a large volume of transport of dangerous goods by rail, there is a high risk of a railway disaster involving hazardous materials. The effects of such a catastrophe affect the ground surface of the railway track and groundwater. For modeling, generalized dynamical systems are used. These are mathematical models of real systems describing the relationships between the so-called input ⃗ and output (response) of a dynamical system. In the case of the railway disasters discussed here, they determine the functions showing the way the effects of the disaster spread in the subsoil of the railway track and show the properties of these functions. For this modeling, a non-classical calculus of operators is used that generates generalized dynamical systems, as the phenomenon of spreading the effects of a catastrophe in the ground is a complex dynamic process. It can be either slow or abrupt. This has been taken into account in the process analysis. It has been shown that the occurrence of a disaster, including the one involving hazardous materials, is influenced by the reliability of the railway line and its components, as well as the reliability of the subsoil. It was indicated that the effects of a disaster involving hazardous materials affect the discussed reliability. Determining the function of unreliability, reliability and intensity of damage to the subsoil is helpful in determining the methods of restoring the subsoil to its original (initial) operating parameters.

  • TRAVELLING WAVES FOR LOW–GRADE GLIOMA GROWTH AND RESPONSE TO A CHEMOTHERAPY MODEL
    • Agnieszka Bartłomiejczyk
    • Marek Bodnar
    • Magdalena U. Bogdańska
    • Monika Piotrowska
    2023 Full text International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

    Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are primary brain tumours which evolve very slowly in time, but inevitably cause patient death. In this paper, we consider a PDE version of the previously proposed ODE model that describes the changes in the densities of functionally alive LGGs cells and cells that are irreversibly damaged by chemotherapy treatment. Besides the basic mathematical properties of the model, we study the possibility of the existence of travelling wave solutions in the framework of Fenichel’s invariant manifold theory. The estimates of the minimum speeds of the travelling wave solutions are provided. The obtained analytical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.

  • Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review
    • Łukasz Mazur
    • Sławomir Cieślik
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2023 Full text ENERGIES

    In recent years, the idea of the operation of energy systems (power systems, heating systems) has changed significantly. This paper is an overview of locally balanced energy systems without the use of fossil fuels. The paper justifies the concept of local energy balancing in a new energy system that does not use fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and crude oil), based on European Union guidelines and formal documents as well as the literature on the subject. In this context, the issue of local energy self-sufficiency, utilizing renewable energy sources, as well as the concept of local smart grids based on innovative market mechanisms are raised. Attention is also paid to technical issues with regard to locally balanced energy systems, in particular photovoltaic sources and energy storage. Challenges related to the use of electrical protection in networks with many sources of energy are described. In such networks, the power flow is not in one direction only. Moreover, the selection of protections is problematic due to the distribution of short-circuit currents. Additionally, earth fault currents in such networks may be distorted, and this negatively affects the operation of residual current devices. The basic nomenclature describing locally balanced systems has been sorted out as well. Finally, possible future research paths in the field of creating locally balanced systems without the use of fossil fuels are presented.

  • Triplet Formation and Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion in Iodine Substituted Non‐Orthogonal BODIPY‐Perylene Dyads
    • Keshav Kumar Jha
    • Amrutha Prabhakaran
    • Rengel Cane Sia
    • Ruben Arturo Arellano-Reyes
    • Nirod Kumar Sarangi
    • Tingxiang Yang
    • Krishan Kumar
    • Stephan Kupfer
    • Julien Guthmuller
    • Tia E. Keyes
    • Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
    2023 Full text ChemPhotoChem

    BODIPY-perylene dyads have emerged as useful metal free sensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTAUC), these dyads are capable of efficient triplet generation via spinorbit charge transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). This important route to triplet formation requires dyads in which two moieties are oriented perpendicular to each other. In this contribution, we give a deeper insight on the behavior of recently reported BODIPY-perylene dyads, where BODIPY-perylene dihedral exhibits a non-orthogonal dyad geometry. The intersystem crossing of BODIPY-perylene dyads with and without iodine are investigated using femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) and nanosecond transient absorption (ns-TA) spectroscopy. The concurrent decay of the singlet charge transfer state (1CT) and rise of triplet states in both the iodinated and non-iodinated dyads confirms the SOCT-ISC as the main intersystem crossing pathway despite the altered geometry of the dyads. The presence of an iodine atom on the BODIPY-moiety enables intersystem crossing 2.6-times faster and provides a higher triplet yield with respect to dyad without iodine. The upconversion quantum yield is 8.4-times higher in the sample containing iodinated dyad as sensitizer and perylene as annihilator. The triplet-triplet energy transfer rate (kTTET) is ~8×10^8 M-1.s-1 for both iodinated and noniodinated sensitizer containing TTAUC systems in 1,4-dioxane.

  • Trójfazowy 4-gałęziowy falownik SiC w napędzie z wysokoobrotowym silnikiem indukcyjnym
    • Marek Adamowicz
    • Sebastian Giziewski
    • Zbigniew Krzemiński
    2023 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    Zastosowanie tranzystorów SiC w falownikach napędów wysokoobrotowych powoduje nowe wyzwania,szczególnie odnośnie generowanego w falowniku napięcia common mode (CM) o wysokiej częstotliwości. Wysokoczęstotliwościowe napięcie CM wchodzi w interakcję z pojemnościami pasożytniczymi falownika, kabla i silnika wymuszając przepływ prądów CM, które są źródłem strat w filtrach pasywnych oraz powodują zakłócenia pomiarów prądów, nieakceptowalne z punktu widzenia działania przekształtnika. Ze wzrostem częstotliwości rośnie poziom emisji zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych spowodowany rezonowaniem obwodu CM, a tym samym niekorzystnie rośnie masa, gabaryt i koszt dławików CM. W referacie zaproponowano zastosowanie 4-gałęziowego falownika SiC z metodą sterowania zapewniającą eliminację napięcia CM celem poprawy właściwości napędu wysokoobrotowego.

  • Truss imperfections in the design of bar and diaphragm bracing systems
    • Natalia Korcz-Konkol
    • Piotr Iwicki
    2023 Full text JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH

    In the article three variants of roof bracing were considered: bar bracing, diaphragm bracing and the combination of bar and diaphragm bracing. Different analytical and numerical ways of taking into account the imperfections of the truss girder were compared. The entire 3D model of the roof (shell and beam elements with the eccentricities taken into account) was analysed numerically. Selected stressed-skin aspects were considered. Stabilizing forces in the purlins and forces in bracing elements (bar and/or diaphragm bracing, connections) were observed. The importance of the imperfection issues (e.g. shape of the imperfection, method of including imperfection, wind forces) was evaluated numerically to indicate the key points in the design procedure. The biggest forces in purlins occurred for “nonstandard” shape of the imperfection. On the other hand, in case of bracing elements, when wind forces were taken into consideration, “standard” approach of including the imperfection was safe approximation. Moreover, the diaphragm took over significant part of the bracing forces, however the distribution of the forces depended strongly on the flexibility of the bracing and purlin/truss connection.

  • Trustworthiness and Subversion in Large Service- Oriented Multi-Agent Systems under Virtual Anonymity and Blind Provider Selection
    • Jerzy Konorski
    2023

    To promote honest service provision in multi-agent systems, a Computational Trustworthiness and Rating scheme collects service ratings and computes agents' trustworthiness levels (TLs). Studies of existing schemes fail to reflect closed-loop dynamics of TLs arising from the mutual influence of agents' behavior and TLs, and to capture relevant properties. Recent simulative and analytical models produce results tied to a particular attack scenario, or restricted to small-size systems or simplistic agent behavior. We analyze a class of parameterized skimp and slander attacks in a challenging setting featuring agents' virtual anonymity, collusion, and blind, i.e., TL-insensitive selection of service providers, as well as unpredictable service availability and receptivity. We derive closed-loop Markovian TL dynamics and their mean-value approximation to analytically characterize agents' steady-state TLs, and find a systematic defense against skimp and slander.

  • Tuning of eg electron occupancy of MnCo2O4 spinel for oxygen evolution reaction by partial substitution of Co by Fe at octahedral sites
    • Krystian Lankauf
    • Karolina Górnicka
    • Patryk Błaszczak
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Grzegorz Cempura
    • Marcin Zając
    • Maciej Bik
    • Maciej Sitarz
    • Piotr Jasiński
    • Sebastian Molin
    2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    To study the effect of partial Co substitution by Fe in the B site of MnCo2O4 spinel on its physicochemical and electrochemical properties, a series of MnCo2-xFexO4 powders (x=0.125; 0.250; 0.500; 0.750; 1.000) were synthesized by means of the sol-gel method. The produced powders were characterized by powder X ray diffraction (pXRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopy (XPS & XAS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). The electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was evaluated in an alkaline environment (0.1 M KOH). From our findings, the activity increased with the addition of Fe up to x = 0.5, characterized by a decrease of overpotential at 10 mA cm-2GEO from 406 mV for MnCo2O4 to 376 mV for MnCo1.5Fe0.5O4, with a corresponding 44 mV dec 1 Tafel slope. It was identified that the OER-specific activity exhibits a volcano-type shape as a function of the eg occupancy at octahedral sites tuned by Co substitution with Fe.

  • Tuning of the plasmon resonance location in Au nanostructures coated with a ultrathin film of Al2O3 – Optical measurements and FDTD simulations
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Robert Kozioł
    • Paweł Syty
    • Sergiusz Patela
    • Józef Sienkiewicz
    • Wojciech Sadowski
    • Barbara Kościelska
    2023 SURFACE SCIENCE

    The Au nanostructures have been coated with an ultra-thin films of amorphous aluminium oxide. Optical absorption spectra show the influence of the thickness of Al2O3 on plasmon resonance wavelength. The observed red-shift of the resonance location with the increase of the thickness of the Al2O3 film, can be explained by the change in the dielectric function of this film. It allows control of the optical spectra of the coated particles. In this paper we present a two ways for determinaton of optical paramaters of aluminium oxide ultra-thin films. The first one is based on a ellipsometry method, while in second approach a shift of plasmon resonance is used for computer simulations of films. The experimental data are in agreement with the results of the FDTD calculations, showing the possibility of both determining such a function for ultra-thin layers by the computer simulation method, as well as predicting the value of the dielectric constant depending on the thickness of the layer. The experimental data needed for the simulation was obtained in studies such as XRD, XPS, SEM and HR TEM. The proposed models can help to adjust the coating thickness to the desired plasmon resonance position.

  • Tutoring - dlaczego edukacja spersonalizowana ma sens
    • Aneta Sobiechowska-Ziegert
    • Katarzyna Kubiszewska
    2023 Pismo PG

    W artykule autorki przedstawiają koncepcję tutoringu akademickiego. Ostatnie lata przyniosły wzmożone zainteresowanie nowymi formami pracy z uczniem. Wielu specjalistów z zakresu edukacji twierdzi, że osiąganie wysokich rezultatów jest możliwe, ale wymaga zindywidualizowanej pracy z drugą osobą. Tutoring wpisuje się właśnie w ten nurt zindywidualizowanej pracy i relacji mistrz - student.

  • Tweet you right back: Follower anxiety predicts leader anxiety in social media interactions during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
    • Alexandros Psychogios
    • Dritjon Gruda
    • Adegboyega Ojo
    2023 Full text PLOS ONE

    Recent research has shown that organizational leaders’ tweets can influence employee anxiety. In this study, we turn the table and examine whether the same can be said about followers’ tweets. Based on emotional contagion and a dataset of 108 leaders and 178 followers across 50 organizations, we infer and track state- and trait-anxiety scores of participants over 316 days, including pre- and post the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and crisis. We show that although leaders traditionally possess greater authority and power than their followers, followers have the power to influence their leaders’ state anxiety. In addition, this influence is particularly strong in the case of less trait anxious leaders.

  • Two-body dissociation of isoxazole following double photoionization – an experimental PEPIPICO and theoretical DFT and MP2 study
    • Tomasz Wąsowicz
    • Iwona Dąbkowska
    • Antti Kivimäki
    • Robert Richter
    2023 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS

    The dissociative double photoionization of isoxazole molecules has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The experiment has been carried out in the 27.5–36 eV photon energy range using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation excitation combined with ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry and photoelectron–photoion–photoion coincidence (PEPIPICO) technique. Five wellresolved two-body dissociation channels have been identified in the isoxazole’s coincidence maps, and their appearance energies have been determined. The coincidence yield curves of these dissociation channels have been obtained in the photon energy ranges from their appearance energies up to 36 eV. The double photoionization of isoxazole produces a C3H3NO2+ transient dication, which decomposes into fragments differing from previously reported photofragmentation products of isoxazole. We have found no evidence of pathways leading to the C3H2NO+, HCN+, C2H2O+, C3HN+, or C2H2 + fragments or their neutral counterparts that have been observed in previous neutral photodissociation and single photoionization studies. Instead, the dissociation of isoxazole after the ejection of two electrons is bond-selective and is governed by two reactions, HCO+ + H2CCN+ and H2CO+ + HCCN+, whose appearance energies are 28.6 (0.3) and 29.4 (0.3) eV, respectively. A third dissociation channel turns out to be a variant of the most intense channel (HCO+ + H2CCN+), where one of the fragment ions contains a heavy isotope. Two minor dissociation channels occurring at higher energies, CO+ + CH3CN+ and CN+ + H3CCO+, are also identified. The density functional and ab initio quantum chemical calculations have been performed to elucidate the dissociative charge-separating mechanisms and determine the energies of the observed photoproducts. The present work unravels hitherto unexplored photodissociation mechanisms of isoxazole and thus provides deeper insight into the photophysics of five-membered heterocyclic molecules containing two heteroatoms.

  • Udział społeczeństwa w procedurze planowania przestrzennego – analiza metod i technik konsultacji społecznych na przykładzie polskich małych i średnich miast w ramach projektu POWER
    • Barbara Zgórska
    • Marta Jaskulska
    2023 Full text Space-Society-Economy

    Udział społeczeństwa w procesie opracowywania aktów planowania przestrzennego w Polsce ma charakter informacyjny, a nie dialogiczny, co przyczynia się m.in. do jego konfliktogenności. W latach 2016–2021 zrealizowano ogólnokrajowy projekt POWER dofinansowany ze środków Unii Europejskiej, którego celem było m.in. przetestowanie angażujących metod i technik konsultacji społecznych, zwiększenie poziomu współdecydowania i poprawa metod rozwiązywania konfliktów w planowaniu przestrzennym na poziomie gminnym.Artykuł zawiera ocenę metod i technik konsultacyjnych zastosowanych w 83 małych i średnich miastach, które uczestniczyły w projekcie POWER, opis najczęściej wykorzystywanych metod i technik, sposobów ich łączenia oraz trzy studia przypadków analizowanych pod kątem możliwości wyeliminowania potencjalnych konfliktów.Badanie przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem metod ilościowych i jakościowych: desk research, obserwacja, obserwacja uczestnicząca, ankieta.

  • UKŁAD REGULACJI MOCY DUŻEJ FARMY FOTOWOLTAICZNEJ
    • Mirosław Włas
    • Konrad Seklecki
    • Kacper Chyła
    2023 Full text

    W dniu 17 maja 2016 r. weszło w życie Rozporządzenie Komisji (UE) 2016/631 z dnia 14 kwietnia 2016 r. ustanawiające kodeks sieci dotyczący przyłączenia jednostek wytwórczych [3]. Na podstawie tego dokumentu i Prawa Energetycznego OSP i OSD przygotowało wymogi w zakresie przyłączania jednostek wytwórczych do sieci energetycznej. Moduły wytwarzania B, C i D powinny posiadać możliwość regulacji mocy czynnej i biernej. Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia wdrożenie wymagań Kodeksu Sieci NC RfG dla farmy fotowoltaicznej o mocy 60MWp

  • Ultra-Compact SIRC-Based Self-Triplexing Antenna with High Isolation
    • Rusan Kumar Barik
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2023 Full text Electronics

    An ultra-compact self-triplexing antenna realized on a substrate-integrated rectangular cavity (SIRC) is discussed in this study. The proposed structure employs two L-shaped slots and an in-verted U-shaped slot to radiate at three independent operating frequency bands. Three 50-ohm microstrip feed lines are used to excite the radiation in these slots. The operating frequency is individually tuned using the slot size. The slot placement and size are designed having in mind obtaining one or more frequency bands below the SIRC cutoff frequency, which has the ad-vantage of enabling ultra-compact size. High port isolations are achieved by applying one of the ports orthogonally to the two remaining ones, which creates a weak cross-coupling channel. A lumped-circuit model is created to examine the antenna operation. The presented design has been prototyped and experimentally validated with the measured operating frequencies of 1.92 GHz, 4.43 GHz, and 5.25 GHz for GSM, 5G, and WLAN applications, respectively. The port isola-tions are better than 32.4 dB according to both EM simulations and measurements. Meanwhile, the measured realized gain of the antenna is better than 4.3 dBi at all bands.

  • Ultrasound assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction using polystyrene-polyoleic acid graft copolymer for determination of Sb(III) in various bottled beverages by HGAAS
    • Nail Altunay
    • Baki Hazer
    • Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani
    • Mustafa Tuzen
    • Hameed Haq
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2023 FOOD CHEMISTRY

    A new polyoleic acid-polystyrene (PoleS) block/graft copolymer was synthesized and applied as adsorbent for ultrasound assisted dispersive solid phase microextraction (UA-DSPME) of Sb(III) in different bottled beverages and analysis using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS). Adsorption capacity of the PoleS was 150 mg g−1. Several sample preparation parameters such as sorbent amount, solvent type, pH, sample volume and shaking time were optimized (based on central composite design (CCD) approach) and evaluated in respect to the recovery of Sb(III). The method revealed a high tolerance limit of matrix ions presence. Under optimized conditions, linearity range, the limit of detection, the limit of quantitation, extraction recovery, enhancement factor, preconcentration factor were 5–800 ng L−1, 1.5 ng L−1, 5.0 ng L−1, 96%, 82, 90, respectively. Accuracy of the UA-DSPME method was confirmed based on different certified reference materials and standard addition method. Factorial design was utilized to estimate the influences of variables of recovery of Sb(III).

  • Uncertainty of Postmortem Time Estimation Based on Potassium Ion Determination in Vitreous Humor Using Potentiometric Ion-Selective Electrode and Microwave-Induced Plasma with Optical Emission Spectrometry Methods
    • Sonia Zięba
    • Marek Wiergowski
    • Bartłomiej Cieślik
    • Sein Anand Jacek
    • Marta Krzyżanowska
    2023 Full text Separations

    There is a need for a reliable and independent evaluation and confirmation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) based on objective factors other than only postmortem changes or temperature measurements. Estimating the PMI by examining the concentration of potassium ions in the vitreous humor (VH) has a tradition in forensic toxicology dating back to the mid-20th century. So far, the methods for determining the presence of potassium ions have not been characterized in terms of the measurement uncertainty of types A and B, which directly affect the estimation of time of death uncertainty. The study evaluated the uncertainty of the determination of potassium ion concentra- tions using potentiometric ion-selective electrode (ISE) and microwave-induced plasma with optical emission spectrometry (MIP-OES) methods. In addition, the influence of the estimated measurement uncertainty on the results of the analysis of potassium ions in the VH was investigated. The estimated values of the expanded uncertainty determined by the type A experimental method indicate lower uncertainty in the determination of potassium ion concentration in the case of MIP-OES than ISE; that is, for concentrations of 2, 10, and 25 mg/L of potassium ions, the expanded uncertainties by MIP-OES were 1.2%, 2.2%, and 2.5% and the uncertainties by ISE were 12.2%, 6.1%, and 3.1%, respectively. Similarly, in the case of estimating the uncertainty of type B, the MIP-OES method compared to ISE was characterized by almost two times lower expanded uncertainty; that is, for MIP-OES, it was 2.53%, and for ISE, it was 4.75%. Both methods of uncertainty estimation, types A and B, can be used interchangeably, as they provide comparable results.

  • Uncertainty Quantification of Additive Manufacturing Post-Fabrication Tuning of Resonator-Based Microwave Sensors
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Tanveer Haq Ul
    2023 MEASUREMENT

    Reconfigurability, especially in terms of the ability of adjusting the operating frequency, has become an important prerequisite in the design of modern microwave components and systems. It is also pertinent to microwave sensors developed for a variety of applications such as characterization of material properties of solids or liquids. This paper discusses uncertainty quantification of additive-manufacturing-based post-fabrication tuning of resonator-based sensors implemented using a microstrip technology. Therein, the operating frequency is altered by adding metallic patches of a specific size determined by the full-wave electromagnetic (EM) model of the system. The reliability of setting up the center frequency depends on both the accuracy of the patch size (manually cut out of the copper tape), and its allocation with respect to the resonator. A rigorous statistical analysis of the patch size and its allocation errors is carried out, including a quantification of their joint effects on the sensor operating frequency. Furthermore, the analysis of a possibility of compensating the patch size inaccuracies through its appropriate positioning is conducted. The details of the proposed approach are explained using a complementary symmetric split ring resonator (CSSRR)-based sensor designed to operate in X and Ku bands with the tuning range between 10 GHz and 20 GHz. The optimized sensor's fundamental resonant frequency is 9.4 GHz, its exterior size is 25 x 30 mm2, the quality factor of the fabricated sensor is 29, and the sensitivity of the considered design is 1.1 GHz/mm with the measurement error is 0.1 percent. The obtained measurement data are indicative of a practical utility of the additive-manufacturing-based tuning technique, in particular, a possibility of reliable center frequency tuning under mild assumptions on the accuracy of manual preparation of the tuning patches. Furthermore, a practical tuning scheme has been developed and experimentally validated, which allows for a precise allocation of the operating frequency with the error not exceeding 0.01 GHz (or 0.1% in relative terms), all under assumptions of a manual preparation and placement of the tuning patch.

  • Under the Fire of Disinformation. Attitudes Towards Fake News in the Ukrainian Frozen War
    • Jan Kreft
    • Monika Boguszewicz-kreft
    • Daria Hliebova
    2023 Journalism Practice

    In this article, we examine individual attitudes towards fake news in the extreme conditions of a propaganda war, taking into account the complex regional social and historical conditions. For this purpose, within the mobile boundary zone during frozen war in Ukraine, we conducted qualitative research among representatives of generations X and Z (high school teachers and students). Being accustomed to fake news turned out to be common for our interlocutors, whereas the main generational differences regarded the perception of the primary sources of fake news and trust in the media, and, first and foremost, the ways of verifying information, where we demonstrated unique strategies of behavior, such as ignoring fake news (1) and relying on official websites (2), which were accompanied by the common for “normal” conditions checking information in other Internet sources (3) and the verification information from other users (4).

  • Underground Water Level Prediction in Remote Sensing Images Using Improved Hydro Index Value with Ensemble Classifier
    • Andrzej Stateczny
    • Sujatha Canavoy Narahari
    • Padmavathi Vurubindi
    • Nirmala S. Guptha
    • Kalyanapu Srinivas
    2023 Full text Remote Sensing

    The economic sustainability of aquifers across the world relies on accurate and rapid estimates of groundwater storage changes, but this becomes difficult due to the absence of insitu groundwater surveys in most areas. By closing the water balance, hydrologic remote sensing measures offer a possible method for quantifying changes in groundwater storage. However, it is uncertain to what extent remote sensing data can provide an accurate assessment of these changes. Therefore, a new framework is implemented in this work for predicting the underground water level using remote sensing images. Generally, the water level is defined into five levels: Critical, Overexploited, Safe, Saline, and Semi-critical, based on water quantity. In this manuscript, the remote sensing images were acquired from remote sensing images. At first, Wiener filtering was employed for preprocessing. Secondly, the Vegetation Indexes (VI) (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), Infrared index (IRI), Radar Vegetation Index (RVI)), and statistical features (entropy, Root Mean Square (RMS), Skewness, and Kurtosis) were extracted from the preprocessed remote sensing images. Then, the extracted features were combined as a novel hydro index, which was fed to the Ensemble Classifier (EC): Neural Networks (NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models for underground water level prediction in the remote sensing images. The obtained results prove the efficacy of the proposed framework by using different performance measures. The results shows that the False Positive Rate (FPR) of the proposed EC model is 0.0083, which is better than that of existing methods. On the other hand, the proposed EC model has a high accuracy of 0.90, which is superior to the existing traditional models: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network, Naïve Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (Bi-GRU).

  • Understanding Fuel Saving and Clean Fuel Strategies Towards Green Maritime
    • Van Nhanh Nguyen
    • Krzysztof Rudzki
    • Marek Dzida
    • Nguyen Dang Khoa Pham
    • Minh Tuan Pham
    • Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen
    • Phuong Nguyen Xuan
    2023 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    Due to recent emission-associated regulations imposed on marine fuel, ship owners have been forced to seek alternate fuels, in order to meet the new limits. The aim of achieving low-carbon shipping by the year 2050, has meant that alternative marine fuels, as well as various technological and operational initiatives, need to be taken into account. This article evaluates and examines recent clean fuels and novel clean technologies for vessels. The alternative fuels are classified as low-carbon fuels, carbon-free fuels, and carbon neutral fuels, based on their properties. Fuel properties, the status of technological development, and existing challenges are also summarised in this paper. Furthermore, researchers have also investigated energy-saving devices and discovered that zero-carbon and virtually zero-carbon clean fuels, together with clean production, might play an important part in shipping, despite the commercial impracticability of existing costs and infrastructure. More interestingly, the transition to marine fuel is known to be a lengthy process; thus, early consensus-building, as well as action-adoption, in the maritime community is critical for meeting the expectations and aims of sustainable marine transportation