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  • The Impact of Generative AI and ChatGPT on Creating Digital Advertising Campaigns
    • Edyta Gołąb-Andrzejak
    2023 CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS

    The use of AI-based solutions is currently discussed in relation to various industries. The proliferation of tools based on generative artificial intelligence (GAI), including the emergence of ChatGPT, has resulted in testing as a first step and implementations in further areas of business life, including marketing, as a second step. Still only a few studies have analysed and evaluated specific solutions for different areas of marketing, including advert design. In order to fill this gap, areas where GAI and ChatGPT are used during the various stages of creating a digital advertising campaign have been identified. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of GAI and ChatGPT on theory and practice on different stages of the digital advertising campaign building process. This objective is followed by a research question: how can marketers use GAI and ChatGPT to create an effective digital advertising campaign? The process of building a digital advertising campaign should be considered and analysed in terms of the impact of using GAI and ChatGPT technology and, at the same time, the role played by marketers at each stage and their contribution to this process in collaboration with GAI-based tools. This article is intended as a preliminary exploration of the impact of using GAI and ChatGPT on the digital marketing campaign building process. Therefore, the methodology applied includes critical literature analysis, secondary data analysis and individual in depth interview (IDI) with an expert (CEO of a creative agency). This represents a first step in the study, to be followed by in-depth empirical research (qualitative as well as quantitative) to verify and develop the conclusions drawn. The article analyses the impact of using generative AI and ChatGPT on the process of creating an advertising campaign in digital media from a theoretical and practical point of view. Theoretical and managerial implications are also presented.

  • The impact of hydrological research, municipal authorities, and residents on rainwater management in Gdańsk (Poland) in the process of adapting the city to climate change
    • Michał Szydłowski
    • Khansa Gulshad
    • Andam Mustafa
    • Wojciech Szpakowski
    2023 Pełny tekst Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus

    Aim of the study The city of Gdańsk faces changing climatic conditions that result in a higher frequency of extreme weather events. In response to the increasingly frequent appearance of flash floods, scientific research was carried out on changes in the probability of the occurrence of maximum daily precipitation in Gdańsk. The purpose of this paper is to show the role of hydrological research (science), decisions of local authorities and the engagement of residents in the process of adapting Gdańsk to climate change. Material and methods The hydrological analysis was carried out using rainfall observations from the Gdańsk Rębiechowo station (1974-2021). Log-normal distribution was used as a statistical model for the precipitation probability distribution. To show the role of the city authorities’ decisions, the methodology developed and used by Gdańsk Water company for rainwater management was presented. To emphasize the importance of city residents in climate adaptation process, the methods adopted by city authorities to involve citizens in the advisory process are discussed, namely Civic Panels and the Gdańsk Climate Change Forum. Results and conclusions The probability distributions of maximum precipitation for different periods were developed, showing a substantial increase of precipitation with a probability of p=1%. Consequently, changes were introduced in the rainwater management practices by the company Gdańsk Water. Being aware of rising flood hazard, Gdańsk City Hall has embraced a plan for adapting the city to climatic changes by 2030. The local authorities decided to involve citizens in the decision-making process. To this end, discussion panels were organized, and the Gdańsk Climate Change Forum was initiated.

  • The implementation of green transformation through clusters
    • Anna Lis
    • Marta Mackiewicz
    2023 ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS

    The paper addresses a poorly documented issue in the literature, namely the role of clusters in green transformation, including processes related to green, low-carbon, and circular economies. The purpose was to identify and understand the practices of clusters in this area. The adopted mixed research strategy consisted of both qualitative and quantitative research. Both research phases were conducted in a group of Polish Key National Clusters. Through qualitative research, the authors abductively identified practices that are vital for green transformation and categorized them into three thematic areas: Integration, Access to resources, and Education and awareness building. On this basis, the authors developed a method to measure the clusters’ level of advancement in green practices, which was used in quantitative research. The results show that the surveyed clusters undertake a number of practices to promote green transformation. They are active in each of the distinguished areas and also engage in its most demanding forms. The study sheds new light on the concept of the clusters, showing how such organizations can be used as agents of change in favor of green transformation.

  • The importance of anchoring ligands of binuclear sensitizers on electron transfer processes and photovoltaic action in dye-sensitized solar cells
    • Aleksandra Bartkowiak
    • Oleksandr Korolevych
    • Błażej Gierczyk
    • Daniel Pelczarski
    • Alberto Bossi
    • Maciej Klein
    • Łukasz Popenda
    • Waldemar Stampor
    • Małgorzata Makowska-janusik
    • Maciej Zalas
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    The relatively low photon-to-current conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells is their major drawback limiting widespread application. Light harvesting, followed by a series of electron transfer processes, is the critical step in photocurrent generation. An in-depth understanding and fine optimization of those processes are crucial to enhance cell performance. In this work, we synthesize two new bi-ruthenium sensitizers with extended anchoring ligands to gain insight into underlying processes determining photovoltaic action mechanisms. The structure of the compounds has been confirmed, and their properties have been thoroughly examined by various techniques such as NMR, IR, elemental analysis UV–Vis, cyclic voltammetry, and electroabsorption. The experimental characterization has been supported and developed via extensive quantum-chemical calculations, giving a broad view of the presented molecules’ properties. Finally, the DSSC devices have been assembled utilizing obtained dyes. The photovoltaic and EIS measurements, combined with performed calculations and fundamental dyes characterization, unraveled an intramolecular electron transfer as an initial step of the electron injection process at the dye/semiconductor interface. The overall photovoltaic action mechanism has been discussed. Our study demonstrates the significance of the anchoring group architecture in the molecular design of new sensitizers for DSSC applications.

  • The influence of magnetic particle incorporation on bisphenol A removal by β-cyclodextrin-derived sorbent
    • Natalia Łukasik
    • Sandra Wikarska
    • Hanna Świątek
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Koleta Hemine
    2023 CHEMOSPHERE

    A novel, biomass-derived hybrid sorbent Ban-CD-EPI-Fe was successfully synthesized in a coprecipitation method, in which β-cyclodextrin copolymerized with banana peel extract and epichlorohydrin was grafted onto an iron oxide surface. The composition, presence of functional groups, morphology, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of the obtained material were characterized by Powder X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS). The material bearing around 28 % of β-cyclodextrin units has mesoporous structure with plate-like morphology and active surface area determined by BET and Langmuir models equal to 38.35 and 53.59 m2 g-1, respectively. The sorption studies aimed to remove an endocrine disruptor – bisphenol A (BPA), from water. The results showed that the time evolution could be fitted with pseudo-second kinetic order with a rate constant k equal to 0.05 g mg-1 min-1. According to the Langmuir isotherm, a monolayer is created during BPA sorption, and the maximum sorption capacity was estimated as 93.5 mg g-1. After BPA sorption, the hybrid material could be easily separated by an external magnet and regenerated under mild conditions keeping its recyclability in at least eight cycles.

  • The influence of polymer bearing material and lubricating grooves layout on wear of journal bearings lubricated with contaminated water
    • Wojciech Litwin
    • Michał Wasilczuk
    • Michał Wodtke
    • Artur Olszewski
    2023 TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL

    The goal of the present paper is to investigate wear properties of journal sliding bearing operating in the conditions of contaminated water lubrication. Several bearing materials and bearing sleeve designs (differing in the axial grooves position and their shape) were tested experimentally under typical operating conditions in a dedicated test rig, which was equipped with a lubricating system, enabling lubrication with contaminated water. Results of the tests show that water contamination has a strong impact on the wear of the bearing system elements. It was revealed that some of the tested materials are beneficial in such demanding conditions and demonstrate lower wear rates. The design of the bearing bush also seems to have an impact on the wear, because bearings of different designs made from the same material demonstrated differences exceeding 100 %. Higher water velocity in the lubricating grooves helps to minimize the wear of the stainless steel shaft. This was also confirmed by numerical simulations.

  • The Influence of the Radio Channel on Precision of Position Estimation of the User Terminal Using the NB-IoT Radio Interface
    • Piotr Rajchowski
    • Krzysztof Cwalina
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    2023

    In the article the method of user terminal position estimation using the broadcast signals transmitted in the downlink of the NB-IoT interface was presented, including the analysis of the radio channel influence on precision of position estimation as well as the eNodeB (Evolved Node B) synchronization. The practical ability to estimate the position in the test area has been verified in the laboratory conditions, using the reference signals with a variable signal-to-noise ratio and different radio channel profiles. Additionally, the method that allows increasing the precision of the terminal position estimation without the need of increasing the sampling frequency of the radio signal is presented.

  • The influence of the size of a one-faced metallic head in Janus nanoparticles as a co-catalyst on the photocatalytic efficiency of hydrogen evolution under vis light irradiation
    • Anna Gołąbiewska
    • H. Głowienke
    • Wojciech Lisowski
    • Onur Cavdar
    • Grzegorz Trykowski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    Janus nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of MoOxSy nanospheres and silver (Ag) head, successfully developed by a simple, controlled method were in the first time they were applied as a co-catalysts in photocatalytic hydrogen generation reaction under vis light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The MoOxSy-Ag as a co-catalysts were deposited on the obtained ZnIn2S4 microspheres (ZIS) using physical absorption method. The influence of the size of a one-faced metallic head (Ag) in JNPs as a co-catalyst on the photocatalytic efficiency of hydrogen evolution has been investigated. Sample 2.5-Ag-MoOxSy@ZIS with the co-catalyst with the smallest head in the range of about 61–71 nm was characterized by 34 times higher photocatalytic hydrogen generation activity compared to pure ZIS. JNPs as a co-catalyst are characterized as asymmetric structure and precisely adjusted interface and thus, they influence on a very good electron mobility in hybrid metal-semiconductor nanostructures. JNPs can be a new alternativity to metal co-catalysts used in a photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction.

  • The In-House Method of Manufacturing a Low-Cost Heat Pipe with Specified Thermophysical Properties and Geometry
    • Michał Rogowski
    • Maciej Fabrykiewicz
    • Paweł Szymański
    • Rafał Andrzejczyk
    2023 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    Various types of heat pipes are available to purchase off the shelf, from various manufacturers, but most of them have strictly defined geometry and technical parameters. However, when there is a need to use a heat pipe (HP) with an unusual size and shape or working conditions other than the standard ones, it becomes very costly to order them from manufacturers, especially in small quantities, and only a few producers are willing to fulfill such an order. This paper presents a detailed description and step-by-step method of manufacturing and testing a low-cost HP with specific properties and geometry, cooperating with a modular heat recovery system based on the use of phase change materials (PCM) for electromobility applications. The presented heat pipes were made entirely by hand, primarily with the use of basic workshop tools, without the use of specialized and automated CNC machines. Utensils used during the process were either made by hand or using desktop FDM 3D printers. During the evaluation of heat pipes’ performance within PCM (coconut oil), simple statistical functions were used. One-dimensional and two-dimensional histograms were used to visualize data obtained during this research. The presented method allows the manufacturing of heat pipes that are, on average, able to melt about 35% more PCM than an empty copper pipe with the exact same geometry. The HPs’ performance in coconut oil was evaluated on the basis of their future applications.

  • The interactions of monomeric acridines and unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs) with DNA duplexes: an insight provided by NMR and MD studies
    • Tomasz Laskowski
    • Michał Kosno
    • Witold Andrałojć
    • Joanna Frąckowiak
    • Julia Borzyszkowska-Bukowska
    • Paweł Szczeblewski
    • Nikola Radoń
    • Maria Świerżewska
    • Anna Woźny
    • Ewa Paluszkiewicz
    • Zofia Mazerska
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Members of a novel class of anticancer compounds, exhibiting high antitumor activity, i.e. the unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs), consist of two heteroaromatic ring systems. One of the ring systems is an imidazoacridinone moiety, with the skeleton identical to the structural base of Symadex. The second one is a 1-nitroacridine moiety, hence it may be regarded as Nitracrine’s structural basis. These monoacridine units are connected by an aminoalkyl linker, which vary in structure. In theory, these unsymmetrical dimers should act as double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bis-intercalators, since the monomeric units constituting the UAs were previously reported to exhibit an intercalating mode of binding into dsDNA. On the contrary, our earlier, preliminary studies have suggested that specific and/or structurally well-defined binding of UAs into DNA duplexes might not be the case. In this contribution, we have revisited and carefully examined the dsDNA-binding properties of monoacridines C-1305, C-1311 (Symadex), C-283 (Ledakrin/Nitracrine) and C-1748, as well as bisacridines C-2028, C-2041, C-2045 and C-2053 using advanced NMR techniques, aided by molecular modelling calculations and the analysis of UV–VIS spectra, decomposed by chemometric techniques. These studies allowed us to explain, why the properties of UAs are not a simple sum of the features exhibited by the acridine monomers.

  • The interplay between dopant and a surface structure of the photocatalyst – The case study of Nb-doped faceted TiO2
    • Szymon Dudziak
    • Ewa Kowalska
    • Kunlei Wang
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Miroslaw Sawczak
    • Bunsho Ohtani
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    2023 Pełny tekst APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL

    Anatase nanoparticles, exposing the majority of the {0 0 1}, {1 0 0} and {1 0 1} facets were synthesized and doped with different niobium amount to investigate the self-trapping of the excess electrons and resulting photocatalytic activity. Photocatalyst structure and presence of excess electrons inside the obtained Nb-doped anatase samples was confirmed by the combination of structural and spectroscopic analyses. Only for the {1 0 1} facets, introduced electrons were found to localize on the surface titanium sites, as long as the analysis was performed in the ambient environment. The photocatalytic activity data, studied in the reaction of 4-nitrophenol reduction and phenol oxidation, show that the dopant-introduced electrons might increase photocatalytic activity only for the anatase structures exposing {0 0 1} and {1 0 0} facets. Ultimately, the dopant effect on the photocatalytic activity depends on the exposed facet, which might be investigated for other systems to increase their applicability.

  • The KLC Cultures, Tacit Knowledge, and Trust Contribution to Organizational Intelligence Activation
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    • Denise A. D. Bedford
    2023 Pełny tekst

    In this paper, the authors address a new approach to three organizational, functional cultures: knowledge culture, learning culture, and collaboration culture, named together the KLC cultures. Authors claim that the KLC approach in knowledge-driven organizations must be designed and nourished to leverage knowledge and intellectual capital. It is suggested that they are necessary for simultaneous implementation because no one of these functional cultures alone is as beneficial for a company as all of them are together. Moreover, there is a risk that organizations with a learning culture developed without collaboration are stuck at the individual level of learning only; and that a knowledge culture developed without a learning culture jeopardizes the organization to be stuck in a passive way where only old, multiply verified knowledge is accepted. As a result, such companies cannot grow. That extreme situation leads to the rejection of new knowledge that is usually rationalized by the need for business safety security - that is nothing more than a ruse for intellectual laziness or personal barriers of fixed-minded managers. Summing up, based on the empirical evidence (640-cases sample, composed of Polish knowledge workers; SEM method of analysis), this paper delivers empirical evidence that knowledge culture rejects mistakes acceptance component of learning culture and that the learning climate component itself is not sufficient for explicit knowledge sharing. Knowledge sharing, organizational intelligence, and innovativeness are key benefits of the synergy that offers the KLC cultures simultaneous implementation and cultivation. The results expand the former studies by Kucharska and Bedford (2020; 2023) and Kucharska (2021a-b) and expose that KLC cultures and TRUST are needed to develop tacit knowledge sharing clearly is an essential ingredient for organizational intelligence development.

  • The lanthanide influence on selected properties of BaLnCo2O6-δ
    • Iga Szpunar
    2023 Pełny tekst

    The subject of research of this dissertation are cobalt oxides with a double perovskite structure with a general formula BaLnCo2O6-δ, where Ln stands for La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy. The aim of the study was to verify the ability of these materials to form the protonic defects, as well as to identify the factors determining this ability. As part of the work, materials from the proposed group were synthesised and characterized. To verify the research hypotheses the following techniques were used: powder x-ray diffraction, synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction, powder neutron diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, iodometric titration, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The increase in mass in the atmosphere containing water vapour, which may indicate the incorporation of protonic defects into the material structure, was observed only in BaLaCo2O6-δ i BaGdCo2O6-δ. It has also been shown that this effect is not related to the existence or formation of secondary phases. It was observed that the factor determining the material's ability to form the protonic defects is the electronic structure of the material, resulting from the interaction between the lanthanide 4f orbitals, and the 3d cobalt and 2p oxygen orbitals.

  • The Lost Kinetic Architecture and How to Reintroduce it in the Landscape – The Case Study of the Drainage Windmills in the Vistula Delta
    • Jakub Kołodziejczak
    • Jan Cudzik
    2023 Heritage and Society

    Recreating the lost kinetic landscape of the Vistula Delta is a considerable challenge. The study aims to propose a method for reproducing windmills and their effect on the landscape. The paper suggests a method based on the transposition of the forms of movement from windmills historically present in the region to modern forms. The method is based on a series of analyses starting with the study of the region and its history followed by extracting and developing the characteristics and proportions of a windmill and its impact on the landscape and human senses. Newly introduced forms are not intended to recreate historical windmills but to become a reminiscence of the history and to create a significant landscape history. The impact of new forms of historical windmills creates a series of opportunities – starting from an architectural conservation approach and ending up with landscape preservation. It is a chance to bring back the lost landscape elements and to provide interactive installation forms.

  • The Methodology for Determining the Theoretical Based on the Characteristics of Effective Absorbency Versus Pressure Drop in the Motor
    • Paweł Śliwiński
    2023

    This article describes a method for determining the theoretical and actual working volume of a hydraulic motor. It has been shown that the actual working volume of the motor is the sum of the theoretical working volume and the additional volume that depends on the pressure drop in the working chambers of the motor. It was also shown that the volumetric losses in the hydraulic motor are not only a function of the pressure drop in the working chambers, but also a non-linear function of the motor speed. The results of the experimental tests of the satellite motor are also described. Analysis of the test results confirmed the correctness of the method for determining both the theoretical working volume and the actual working volume. It was also shown that the calculation of the partial efficiencies (i.e. mechanical ef-ficiency and volumetric efficiency) of a hydraulic motor should be based on the actual working volume instead of the theoretical one.

  • The need for new transport protocols on the INTERNET
    • Józef Woźniak
    • Krzysztof Nowicki
    2023 Automatyka Elektryka Zakłócenia

    The TCP/IP protocol suite is widely used in IP networks, regardless of diverse environments and usage scenarios. Due to the fact of being the basic concept of organizing the work of the Internet, it is the subject of interest and constant analysis of operators, users, network researchers, and designers. The Internet is a "living" organism in which new needs appear all the time. This is particularly important due to the emerging new application requirements - at the highest level of network architecture, and at the same time, completely new ways of transmitting messages related to new technologies and reception techniques, allowing for parallelization of messages transfer and lossless switching/handover between several interfaces. The paper highlights the expectations and requirements related, in particular, to new "multi-object" applications, as well as the limitations resulting from the high inertia observed on the side of the IP network transport infrastructure. Taking into account both the limitations and the formulated requirements, the selected end-to-end transport protocols have been characterized. More attention was paid to two protocols implementing multi-stream transfers, namely SCTP and QUIC.

  • The new investing effectiveness evaluation multi-criteria method in modern supply systems
    • Waldemar Kamrat
    2023 Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

    The important problem in the processes of modelling and programming the development of sustainable energy sector is the multi-criteria manner of assessing the effectiveness of investments. The goal of this paper is to show how to take into account the impact of investments in multidimensional modelling decision-making processes. This goal can be achieved through the development, presentation, and use of a new multi-criteria method of evaluating the effectiveness of investing towards to modern energy sector. This innovative method was developed and tested in research for the energy sector carried out by the author. It is a new multi-criteria method, consisting of a relatively simple way of taking into account the qualitative features of the criteria in the process of evaluating investments in the energy sector. Using the real data of the energy invested in the city of X in Poland, the effectiveness of the project was examined applying the multi-criteria method proposed by the author, and for the same purpose, the well-known ELECTRE method was used. The comparison of the results of the investment effectiveness studies by both methods confirmed the high convergence of the effects obtained in both methods

  • The new method of ZnIn2S4 synthesis on the titania nanotubes substrate with enhanced stability and photoelectrochemical performance
    • Daria Roda
    • Konrad Trzciński
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Maria Gazda
    • Miroslaw Sawczak
    • Andrzej Nowak
    • Mariusz Szkoda
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    The new method of ZnIn2S4 synthesis on the titania nanotubes substrate with enhanced stability and photoelectrochemical performance

  • The Novel Findings About the Hussite’s Warfares in the Gdansk/Danzig Surrounding in the Late Summer of 1433
    • Piotr Samól
    2023

    One of the most spectacular episodes during the Hussite Wars was the Czech raid through the lands of the Teutonic Order up to the Baltic Sea in 1433. Although historians and then-witnesses focused on the sacked Cistercian Abbey in Oliva and soldiers filling the bottles with seawater, the scale of damages in the main harbour of Prussia and its surroundings has not been the subject of research yet. Furthermore, most scholars treatthe potential attack on Gdansk as a spontaneous or apparent action. The author's most recent monographic studies of the Gdansk agglomeration in the Middle Ages, which consisted of three semi-independent municipalities (Main City, Old City, Young City), includes collecting unknown or never-used-before archival evidence and the results of just-completed archaeological research. These new findings give an opportunity to precisely reconstruct the day-by-day history of assaulton Gdansk, the unsuccessful attempt to capture the city and the plundering ca. 30 villages belonging to the Order, monasteries, burghers and gentry. Moreover, it allows shedding light on the different tactics of the two medieval armies and analysing the role of fear in then-politics and military operations. In the case of Gdansk, the awareness of damages caused by Hussites' attack on the agglomeration, its suburbs and harbour, might have been one of the crucial reasons why the city council, during the civil war in Prussia, decided to demolish one of the three municipalities - the Young City (Jungstadt) in 1455.

  • The novel sterilization device: the prototype testing
    • Paweł Wityk
    • Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
    • Robert Nowak
    • Anna Wierzbicka-Woś
    • Waldemar Gos
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Currently, there are numerous methods that can be used to neutralize pathogens (i.e., devices, tools, or protective clothing), but the sterilizing agent must be selected so that it does not damage or change the properties of the material to which it is applied. Dry sterilization with hydrogen peroxide gas (VHP) in combination with UV-C radiation is well described and effective method of sterilization. This paper presents the design, construction, and analysis of a novel model of sterilization device. Verification of the sterilization process was performed, using classical microbiological methods and flow cytometry, on samples containing Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores, Bacillus subtilis spores, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Flow cytometry results were in line with the standardized microbiological tests and confirmed the effectiveness of the sterilization process. It was also determined that mobile sterilization stations represent a valuable solution when dedicated to public institutions and businesses in the tourism sector, sports & fitness industry, or other types of services, e.g., cosmetic services. A key feature of this solution is the ability to adapt the device within specific constraints to the user’s needs.

  • The optimization of CuxO microwires synthesis for improvement in photoelectrochemical performance
    • Jakub Sowik
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Kostiantyn Nikiforow
    • Anna Malankowska
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    2023 JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY

    One of the most important challenges in the fabrication of CuxO microstructures via the electrochemical method is formation of long, regular and well-packed microwires with good adhesion on the Cu substrate and to achieve better photoelectrochemical properties, which can be potentially applied in solar-driven water splitting and CO2 conversion to light hydrocarbons. In this paper, Cu2O photoelectrode has been fabricated by direct anodization of the Cu foil, then CuO microwires (MWs) was formed by calcination process. The effect of the applied potential (10–40 V), sodium fluoride content in the electrolyte (0.2–0.5% wt.) as well as calcination conditions (400–500 °C, 60–360 min) on the morphology, phase composition, optical and photoelectrochemical properties was investigated. The highest photocurrent response was −0.71 mA cm−2 for the sample 0.35%_10V_400 °C_60min with 0.83 μm length and 154 nm diameter. The mechanism of the photocurrent generation process in the presence of CuxO/Cu under UV–Vis irradiation was proposed.

  • The (over)touristification of European historic cities: a relation between urban heritage and short-term rental market demand
    • Łukasz Bugalski
    2023

    In this chapter, I wish to highlight the critical relationship between heritage management issues and building environment transformation. I argue that such a relationship is directly expressed through the tourism phenomenon, and it should be measured through the economic dimension of the short-term rental market, which introduces this rule of thumb: if there is a lack of demand, the brand of the city is weak; if there is too much demand, the city is endangered by overtourism processes. The potential to measure this tourism phenomenon could become a crucial methodological asset for further research in heritage studies – especially in the context of the ongoing touristification of historic European cities.

  • The Physiological Effects of ASMR on Anxiety
    • Sahar Seifzadeh
    • Vahid Asayesh
    • Majid Torabi
    • Mahdi Dehghani
    • Elham Rabbani
    • Fatemeh Asgharianasl
    2023 Pełny tekst Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies

    Purpose: Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response is a novel phenomenon that is very popular these days on Youtube and Reddit to its anti-anxiety effects. As the name suggests, ASMR is a relaxing warm sensation that begins on the scalp and spreads throughout the body. This technique is also known as "brain massage," and it relies on soothing sights and sounds, like whispers and slow movements. Investigating these videos is primarily motivated by the desire to determine their scientific origins, which can be derived from a variety of approaches. Materials and Methods: In this paper, we intended to examine the physiological changes such as Heart Rate (HR) as well as Galvanic Skin Conductance (GSC) levels before and after watching a single session ASMR video. Results: The dependent t-test statistical analysis by SPSS results with P-value <=0.01 indicated that after a single session of ASMR watching, the heart rate decreased significantly comparing the baseline data. In addition, the skin conductance was slightly reduced as well, but not significantly. Conclusion: These physiological findings prove that ASMR could be an affordable, portable, and immediate anxiety relief for those struggling with anxiety-based disorders, especially for patients who do not respond well to medication or seek alternatives to anti-anxiety medications due to the wide range of side effects or would like to try it for better results along with the prescribed drugs. Keywords: Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response; Heart Rate; Skin Conductance; Anxiety-Based Disorders; Primary Insomnia; Anti-Anxiety Methods

  • The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in disposable baby diapers: A facile determination method via salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Paweł Georgiev
    • Mariusz Belka
    • Tomasz Baczek
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2023 JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A

    In this paper we demonstrate the development of the extraction procedure of polycyclic aromatic hy- drocarbons from baby diapers along with their quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Apart from covering plastic foil, disposable baby diapers contain sorbents intended to absorb urine and feces. A hygroscopic, adsorptive, and tough-to-homogenize fibrous sorbent, represents an analytical chal- lenge to analytical chemists. To address this issue we optimized and validated a novel extraction protocol including cryogenic homogenization, liquid-liquid extraction and further preconcentration by evaporation. By using deuterated internal standards in conjunction with matrix-matched calibration, high precision and accuracy were achieved. The limit of detection is estimated in the range of 0.041–0.221 ng/g (for fluorene and fluoranthene, respectively), which is far below the concentration currently assumed to be dangerous for children. The method was successfully applied to real samples available on the Polish mar- ket, and it was found that the amount of PAH compounds varies between manufacturers. Most diapers do not have all 15 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in their composition, but there is no diaper that is free of these compounds. The most abundant in diapers was acenaphthalene, where the concentration ranged from 1.6 ng/g diaper up to 362.4 ng/g. The lowest concentration in diapers is chrysene, which is not detected in most diapers. The article is a response to the lack of a harmonized analytical method for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in disposable sanitary products for children.

  • The regional energy transformation in the context of renewable energy sources potential
    • Bartłomiej Igliński
    • Urszula Kiełkowska
    • Michał Pietrzak
    • Mateusz Skrzatek
    • Gopalakrishnan Kumar
    • Grzegorz Piechota
    2023 RENEWABLE ENERGY

    The topics addressed in the article concern the problem of exploiting the potential of renewable energy sources (RES) at the regional level and the problem of the course of regional energy transition processes. Throughout the world, energy transition proceeds in a specific way for each country, due to the different potential of the selected RES and political, institutional and socio-economic conditions. Energy transition processes should support a situation where we have an energy mix based on diversification of conventional and RES. The need to systematically increase the share of energy from renewable sources is indicated here. This fact not only creates opportunities for the production of clean, green energy, but also allows us to focus on the issue of energy potential at the regional level. The main purpose of the article is to conduct an assessment of the energy potential and the course of the regional energy transition for the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Poland). The analysis performed will allow to determine the degree of energy self-sufficiency of the selected region. The results obtained will also allow answering the fundamental question of whether achieving energy independence based solely on RES is possible at the regional level. It seems that obtaining a positive answer to this question will provide an important argument for supporting energy transition processes. These processes are aimed at developing an economy based on RES.

  • The relevance of Cassirer
    • Andrzej Karalus
    • Przemysław Parszutowicz
    2023

    The article disscusses the topicality of Cassirer's philosophy and its influence on contemporary humanities.

  • The Response of Selected Domestic Capital Markets on the Development of COVID-19 Pandemic – a Broader View
    • Marcin Potrykus
    2023 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

    Objective: The study examines how the record of the first, hundredth, thousandth, ten-thousandth, one-hundred-thousandth, and millionth cases of COVID-19 affected investor behaviour in capital markets. It also looks at whether the month in which the first case was recorded in a given market affected the direction and strength of investor reactions. Lastly, it verifies whether the two announcements made by the WHO related to COVID-19 differently affected the behaviour of investors in markets where the first case of the epidemic had already been recorded and in markets where there were not yet officially confirmed cases. Research Design & Methods: Event analysis is used in looking at 77 financial markets. Findings: Investor reactions to emerging information are extreme. The largest sell-off of shares was observed when the first and hundredth cases of the disease were recorded. No statistically significant and negative abnormal rates of return were found for other points studied. The later the first case was recorded in a given market, the greater the scale of discounting in that market. In markets where the first case of infection had already been recorded, the negative reaction of investors was greater than in markets where the first case had not yet been found. Implications / Recommendations: A small number of cases and high uncertainty about COVID-19 have a more substantial negative impact on investors than a high number of cases coupled with a better understanding of the pandemic. WHO announcements further contributed to the occurrence of stronger declines in countries in which people had already become infected by COVID-19. Contribution: The current study is the first of its kind, focusing not only on the first case of COVID-19, but also on other focal points of the evolving pandemic. The other aspects (month, WHO announcements) covered are also analysed from a different, broader view than in other studies.

  • The retrofitting of ships by applying retractable bow hydrofoils: a case study
    • Karol Niklas
    • Hanna Pruszko
    2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy

    Increasing environmental requirements and a relatively long ship life of 30 years mean more attention is needed to retrofit existing ships. One possibility is using hydrofoils to reduce the ship’s resistance and improve comfort and safety in rough sea conditions. This study investigates the influence of retractable bow hydrofoils on the seakeeping performance and operational conditions of a selected case study vessel (V-shaped bulbous bow). The methods used were Full-scale Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and towing tank experiments for validation. The analysis was conducted for bow waves of different lengths and a ship’s operating speed. The most beneficial effect of hydrofoils was observed for wavelengths from λ/LWL=1.0 to λ/LWL=1.2. For the wavelength λ/LWL=1.2, the reduction of heave motion was equal to 33%, pitch motion was equivalent to 28%, and the reduction of wave-added resistance was equal to 25%. The analysis also showed unfavourable conditions for which hydrofoil folding is needed to avoid causing an excessive increase in resistance. A generalized procedure has been developed to assess the potential for resistance and motion reduction by retrofitting existing ships using hydrofoils.

  • The role of additives in improving the flammability and calorific value of leather shavings and the binding of chromium compounds in ash
    • Tomasz Turzyński
    • Katarzyna Januszewicz
    • Paweł Kazimierski
    • Dariusz Kardas
    • Paulina Hercel
    • Jakub Szymborski
    • Jarosław Niewiadomski
    2023 WASTE MANAGEMENT

    Leather processing companies are struggling with the problem of increasing costs of post-production waste disposal. Therefore, the issue of thermal waste disposal at the plant and the use of generated heat in the production process is becoming more and more popular. Leather waste on its own does not allow for autothermal combustion despite the sufficient higher heating value (HHV). Therefore the Authors proposed to improve the flammability of the fuel by adding a small amount of wood sawdust to leather waste and produce premixed pellets. Six such samples were incinerated in a laboratory-scale reactor, which enables the simultaneous measurement of characteristic temperatures, exhaust gas analysis and sample mass loss rate. Research has shown that even a small addition of sawdust enables a stable combustion process and does not cause the formation of sinters. In addition, studies of the ash showed that in the case of chromium-containing waste, a large part of it remained in the ash in the form of Cr2O3. Nevertheless, very fine ash causes the small fraction chromium to be carried with the flue gas stream, therefore controlled agglomeration of the ash structure would be advisable in the final installation. Emission analysis showed high and moderately high NOx and SO2 emissions, decreasing with the increase in the amount of sawdust addition in the sample. Research has shown that leather waste is not a burden, but can be an attractive and safe source of energy for the company, while improving waste management in a circular economy.

  • The role of clusters as collective actors in the energy transformation: the case of Mazovia Cluster ICT
    • Anna Lis
    • Artur Radzio
    2023 Competitiveness Review

    Purpose – In our paper we aim to show the possibilities of implementing the idea of sustainability in the context of energy transformation using the concept of an industrial cluster. The implementation of the idea of sustainability is of particular importance from the perspective of the functioning of the meta-organisations involved in the implementation and promotion of decarbonisation processes. Industrial clusters, as collective actors initiating collective actions and providing complex governance structures, seem to have a great fit with regard to the needs of disseminating and implementing the idea of sustainable development, also in conjunction with energy development. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical evidence is derived from a case study of Mazovia Cluster ICT (MC ICT). Based on the experience of this cluster, we want to show the evolution of the industrial cluster through the prism of its growing activity in supporting energy transition. We conducted our research in the period 2022-2023 using in-depth personal interviews and an analysis of the secondary data. The primary technique for data analysis and interpretation was conventional qualitative content analysis. Findings – As a result of the study, we have distinguished three main areas of cluster activity covering the strategic, operational/project and institutional levels. Within the first area, the cluster’s efforts focused on the development of a strategy and involvement in lobbying and co-legislating. The second area refers to the cluster’s activity in the carrying out of national and transnational projects on the creation and implementation of various energy solutions. The activities undertaken in the third area include support for the development of start-ups in the field of energy and involvement in the launch of an energy cluster and the development of distributed energy in Poland. While the strategic and operational/project levels are characterized by a commonality of activities and goals, there is additionally a commonality of interests at the institutional level. Originality/value – The paper makes an additional contribution to the state-of-the-art of the industrial cluster concept by linking it to the idea of sustainable development, in the context of energy transformation. In addition, it sheds new light on issues related to cluster cooperation, combining the case of the industrial cluster with the very fresh and as yet poorly described idea of the energy cluster.

  • The role of hydrodynamic cavitation in tuning physicochemical properties of food items: A comprehensive review
    • Roberto Castro-Muñoz
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Seid Mahdi Jafari
    2023 TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

    Background: Today, food processing industries are looking for alternative technologies with an eco-friendly character for the processing of food, beverages and agricultural crops. Ideally, such technologies may preserve the original properties of the food products while reaching their primary target of application. Scope and approach: At this point, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is recognized as one of the potential technologies for food processing since it provides effective conditions to activate and accelerate desired physiochemical transformations of treated medium. Cavitation phenomenon has been interestingly applied in the treatments and processing of foods towards homogenization (high pressure homogenizers, HPH) /mixing of systems, pasteurization/sterilization, degradation of target molecules, among other purposes. Therefore, this review aims to release the progress in applying HC-assisted technologies for the processing of food, beverages and other food items. Key findings and conclusion: Apart from microorganism inactivation mechanisms in pasteurization and sterilization for foods, emulsion formation in food systems, extraction of bioactive compounds, and improvement of physicochemical properties of food systems are reviewed. Here, the advantages and drawbacks of HC compared to other technologies are also addressed and discussed. To finalize, according to the findings of this review, the future trends, perspectives, and research gaps are also given.

  • The role of isolated farmsteads in the open landscape protection on the example of Kashubia
    • Anna Górka
    2023 Pełny tekst Architectus

    As a result of the social and economic transformation of rural areas, open landscapes are disappearing. Former farmsteads are being devastated or beginning to lose their landscape context due to the spread of residential building development. At the same time, in many places, the farmstead form is clearly legible and remains an element with which the view is structured and enriched. The article was aimed at drawing attention to the multidimensional importance of isolated farmsteads and the need to recognise their surviving resources. Being distinguishing features with which the attractiveness of an open landscape can be determined, they inspire the development of a multifunctional rural economy led by the local community. Isolated farmsteads can respond to the city’s problems and function in many non-agricultural areas, including education, tourism and recreation, nature protection and health protection. Protection of the building development of former farmsteads may provide a tool to eectively support the shaping of spatial order in large areas. The article presents a method for describing the preservation condition of single-manor buildings developed at the turn of the 19th and 20th cen-turies. It is proposed that the study analyses the architectural features of farmsteads that play an important part in the recognition of such building development in the open landscape. Observation areas were selected based on the results of remote identication of the location of historic farmsteads and buildings.The eld study was conducted in the central part of Kashubia, along selected scenic routes. These routes comprised 26 solitary homesteads. In half of the cases studied, the exposure of the farmstead buildings deteriorated due to the proximity of modern residential building development. The spatial layout of the majority of farmsteads has changed, which most commonly resulted from expansion beyond the former outline of the farmyard. Numerous historic buildings have been rebuilt. Despite the above-mentioned modications, in the study area, the farmstead has remained a distinctive feature of the landscape and retained the potential for transformation to be used in the sustainable development economy. The results encourage the study to be continued. The identied resources and architectural values of the traditional farmstead could support the management and protection of the heritage of agricultural landscapes.

  • The role of low-energy electrons in the charging process of LISA test masses
    • Simone Taioli
    • Maurizio Dapor
    • Francesco Dimiccoli
    • Michele Fabi
    • Valerio Ferroni
    • Catia Grimani
    • Mattia Villani
    • William Joseph Weber
    2023 Pełny tekst CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY

    The estimate of the total electron yield is fundamental for our understanding of the test-mass charging associated with cosmic rays in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and in the forthcoming gravitational wave observatory LISA. To unveil the role of low energy electrons in this process owing to galactic and solar energetic particle events, in this work we study the interaction of keV and sub-keV electrons with a gold slab using a mixed Monte Carlo (MC) and ab-initio framework. We determine the energy spectrum of the electrons emerging from such a gold slab hit by a primary electron beam by considering the relevant energy loss mechanisms as well as the elastic scattering events. We also show that our results are consistent with experimental data and MC simulations carried out with the GEANT4-DNA toolkit.

  • The Role of Molecular Structure in Monte Carlo Simulations of the Secondary Electron Yield and Backscattering Coefficient from Methacrylic Acid
    • Katarzyna Wiciak-Pawłowska
    • Anna Winiarska
    • Simone Taioli
    • Maurizio Dapor
    • Małgorzata Franz
    • Jan Franz
    2023 Pełny tekst MOLECULES

    In this paper, we show the influence of the chemical structure of four different conformers on the secondary electron emission and backscattering of an electron beam from a gel of methacrylic acid. The conformers have different permanent dipole moments, which determines the cross sections for elastic collisions with electrons. The cross sections are used in Monte Carlo simulations of an electron beam, which enters the gel of methacrylic acid. The secondary electron yield and the backscattering coefficient are computed as a function of the beam energy.

  • The role of noble metals in TiO2 nanotubes for the abatement of parabens by photocatalysis, catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation
    • João Lincho
    • Eva Domingues
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Magdalena Miodyńska
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Rui F. Martins
    • João Gomes
    2023 SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

    The role of modified TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with noble metals was studied for photocatalysis, catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation of a paraben’s mixture. The TNTs were obtained by anodization and were modified by photodeposition with 0.25 mol% of Au, Pt or Pd. Results showed that solar photocatalysis led to higher degradation than UVA radiation, and under UVA radiation, the use of 3 Pt-TNTs (3 TNTs plates modified with Pt) and 3 Pd-TNTs present the same effect as the use of 5 and 7 pristine-TNTs plates, respectively. The best parabens removal was achieved for Pd-TNTs under UVA radiation and pristine TNTs under solar radiation, with 43% and 81% removal in 120 min, respectively. All the catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation experiments led to less ozone consumption than single ozonation (transferred ozone dose (TOD) = 5.27 mgO3/L) with total parabens abatement. Catalytic ozonation experiments suggest that the presence of metals can promote the formation of oxidative radicals, with the Au-TNTs presenting best performance (TOD ≈ 3.59 mgO3/L) while pristine TNTs led to TOD = 4.98 mgO3/L. For photocatalytic ozonation, the pristine TNTs led to the lowest ozone consumption (TOD = 3.74 mgO3/L). Moreover, the use of hydroxyl radical scavenger showed that hydroxyl radical is formed during single and photocatalytic ozonation decomposition.

  • The Role of Proteins in Food
    • Zdzisław Sikorski
    • Izabela Sinkiewicz
    2023

    This chapter describes the effect of proteins on the sensory attributes and the biological value and safety of foods. The role of proteins depends on their amino acid composition and structure, on changes due to storage and processing, as well as on interactions with other food components. The effect on the sensory quality of foods is brought about by hydrophobicity, solubility, water holding capacity, gelling, film formation, and emulsifying and foaming ability. The nutritional value, as well as the safety, of proteinaceous food components depend on the natural properties of the raw materials and on the processing factors, especially temperature, access to oxygen, and chemical or enzymatic reactions. The proteins of animal and plant sources differ in their suitability for various food applications.

  • The role of sport in the Smart City concept
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    • Narek Parsamyan
    2023 Pełny tekst Studia z Polityki Publicznej

    Sport brings to cities innovative solutions that influence urban life, yet considerations about sport still rarely contribute to the development of the very popular smart city concept. This raises the question: what is the perception of sport in the city from the perspective of the smart city concept? One of the challenges of future urban policy is to provide initiatives that ensure the wellbeing and promote the model of a healthy city, especially during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, sport creates an opportunity to combat these challenges. The study provides an in-depth literature review on sport factors influencing smart city domains through a systematic review process. Exploring this topic creates a par-adigm for future studies regarding the discourse on smart cities and the impact of sport on the evolution of cities of tomorrow. In particular, it indicates potential areas of interest from the point of view of local authorities and policymakers, who are able to incorporate governance through sport agendas.

  • The SARS‐CoV ‐2 specific IgG antibodies biophotonic sensor
    • Małgorzata Szczerska
    • Paweł Wityk
    • Paulina Listewnik
    2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Biophotonics

    In this paper, we present the design and the principle of operation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) biophotonic sensor, which is based on the single-mode telecommunication fiber. We fabricated the sensor head at the face of the single mode fiber-28. Due to the process of bio-functionalization, our sensor has the ability to selectively detect the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. The results of preliminary tests allowed us to correctly determine the presence of antibodies in less than 1 min in 5 μl in a volume sample of concentration of 10 μg/ml, which according to studies, corresponds to the concentration of IgG antibodies in human serum. Additionally, the tested sample can be smaller than 5 μl in volume.

  • The selective salinity and hydrazine parameters for the start-up of non-anammox-specific biomass SBR
    • Ivar Zekker
    • E. Rikmann
    • J. Oja
    • S. Anslan
    • Agnieszka Fiszka Borzyszkowska
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    • Rajiv Kumar
    • L. A. Shah
    • Muhammad Naeem
    • M. Zahoor
    • R. H. Setyobudi
    • G. D. Bhowmick
    • R. Khattak
    • J. Burlakovs
    • T. Tenno
    2023 International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

    The presence of ammonium (NH 4+ ) in wastewater above the permissible limits leads to undesirable ecological impact and public health concerns. In this study, the anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria-mediated nitrogen removal was investigated using a sequential batch reactor (SBR). Effects of different salinity levels were evaluated on the bacterial activity at: mild (below 0.2 g NaCl/L), elevated (18.2 g NaCl/L) and suitable salinity (2–0.5 g NaCl/L) levels mimicking the environmental conditions that are present in real wastewater. Within a suitable salinity period of 0.5–2 g NaCl/L, the highest average total nitrogen removal efficiencies (TNREs) and total nitrogen removal rates (TNRRs) of 67 (± 11)% and 37 (± 29) g N/m 3 /d, respectively, were achieved. In addition to the salinity tests, the effect of relatively high nitrite levels (> 40 mg N/L) was observed in the reactor resulting in the decrease in anammox activity, but increasing biomass potential for the treatment of high nitrite containing wastewater. Interestingly, the supplementation of hydrazine at 7.5 mg N 2 H 4 /L indicated enhanced anammox activity with a nitrogen removal rate of 0.7 ± 0.01 mg N/g MLSS/h, while test without hydrazine showed a rate of 0.68 ± 0.06 mg N/g MLSS/h. Therefore, denitrifying activity decreased with the addition of hydrazine, which on the other hand benefits the anammox start-up. Illumina sequencing analysis revealed that the microbial community has changed with the rise of the salinity levels and was dominated with Anaerolineae, Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia and various key anammox organisms, such as Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia strains (at 3%).

  • The sensors-based artificial intelligence Train Control and Monitoring System (TCMS) for managing the railway transport fleet
    • Mateusz Kalinowski
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2023 Pełny tekst Pojazdy Szynowe

    Railways deliver a safe and sustainable form of transport and are typically pointed as one the safest form of transportation. Nevertheless, train accidents still happen, and when they happen, the consequences concern serious fatalities and injuries. Since every case is unique, the most frequent causes of train accidents are mechanical derailments, failures, as well as human errors and ignorance. In order to mitigate the risks posed by both physical and human related factors, various technological advancements have been designed and implemented. Among many existing Train Control and Monitoring Systems (TCMS), one can observe that recently developed artificial intelligence (AI) methods are also considered to be integrated part of the modern TCMS solutions. Following recent AI improvements and trends, in this paper we aim to present and discuss our newly developed TCMS system. In particular, both the system architecture and features are described along with the expected benefits of its implementation.

  • The Sonocatalytic Activation of Persulfates on Iron Nanoparticle Decorated Zeolite for the Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane in Aquatic Environments
    • Surya Teja Malkapuram
    • Shirish H. Sonawane
    • Manoj P Rayaroth
    • Murali Mohan Seepana
    • Sivakumar Manickam
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2023 Pełny tekst Catalysts

    In the chemical industry, 1,4-diethylene dioxide, commonly called dioxane, is widely used as a solvent as well as a stabilizing agent for chlorinated solvents. Due to its high miscibility, dioxane is a ubiquitous water contaminant. This study investigates the effectiveness of catalyst- and ultrasound (US)-assisted persulfate (PS) activation with regard to degrading dioxane. As a first step, a composite catalyst was prepared using zeolite. A sonochemical dispersion and reduction method was used to dope zeolite with iron nanoparticles (FeNP/Z). In the subsequent study, the reaction kinetics of dioxane degradation following the single-stage and two-stage addition of PS was examined in the presence of a catalyst. Using GC-MS analysis, intermediate compounds formed from dioxane degradation were identified, and plausible reaction pathways were described. Upon 120 min of sonication in the presence of a catalyst with a two-stage injection of PS, 95% 100 mg/L dioxane was degraded. Finally, the estimated cost of treatment is also reported in this study. Sonolytically activated PS combined with a FeNP/Z catalyst synergizes the remediation of biorefractory micropollutants such as dioxane.

  • The Transformation Revealed Concept of Smart City Application in Urban Planning
    • Ida Shaheera Bakhtiar
    • Noor Aimran Samsudin
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    2023 Pełny tekst IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science

    The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of research conducted to reveal a smart city application concept in urban planning. The method is discussed in the context of case studies of smart city concepts in Malaysian states namely Johor, Penang and Selangor, with the efficient and effective state for implementation and application in urban planning being selected. The case study method was utilised to demonstrate the conceptual framework of smart city application in urban planning, as well as seven smart city criteria. The basic requirement for the proposed framework is that individuals must have urban planning expertise in the field of smart city applications. The authors, who are well-versed in urban planning and smart city concepts from the point of view of urban planning, propose a solution relevant to any urban planning circumstance.

  • The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health
    • Magdalena Gebert
    • Jakub Sławski
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    • James F. Collawn
    • Rafal Bartoszewski
    2023 Pełny tekst Antioxidants

    Efficient brain function requires as much as 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level of oxygen usage, however, leads to the generation of free radicals, and thus can lead to oxidative stress and potentially to age-related cognitive decay and even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of this system requires a complex monitoring network to maintain proper oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore, the high content of mitochondria in the brain has elevated glucose demands, and thus requires a normal redox balance. Maintaining this is mediated by adaptive stress response pathways that permit cells to survive oxidative stress and to minimize cellular damage. These stress pathways rely on the proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular pathway responsible for normal ER function and cell survival. Interestingly, the UPR has two opposing signaling pathways, one that promotes cell survival and one that induces apoptosis. In this narrative review, we discuss the opposing roles of the UPR signaling pathways and how a better understanding of these stress pathways could potentially allow for the development of effective strategies to prevent age-related cognitive decay as well as treat neurodegenerative diseases.

  • The Usage of the BP-Layers Stereo Matching Algorithm with the EBCA Camera Set
    • Adam Kaczmarek
    2023

    This paper is concerned with applying a stereo matching algorithm called BP-Layers to a set of many cameras. BP Layers is designed for obtaining disparity maps from stereo cameras. The algorithm takes advantage of convolutional natural networks. This paper presents using this algorithm with a set called Equal Baseline Camera Array. This set consists of up to five cameras with one central camera and other ones aground it. Such a set has similar advantages as a stereo camera. In particular this equipment is suitable for providing 3D vision for autonomous robots operating outdoors. The research presented in this paper shows the extent to which results of using BP Layers are improving because of using the EBCA set instead of a stereo camera.

  • The use of fungi in biofiltration to remove hydrophobic volatile organic compounds
    • Milena Marycz
    2023 Pełny tekst

    The growing importance placed on air quality by environmental regulations and public opinion necessitate the minimization and removal of volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs), including odours. The removal of hydrophobic VOCs from the air by biological methods remains a major technical challenge (despite its importance in the shift to green engineering). A potential solution to this challenge is the use of fungi in biofiltration. The aim of this PhD dissertation was to develop a hydrophobic VOC air deodorization system from biofilters inhabited by various species of microorganisms. The content of the dissertation was based on six articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Based on a literature review and the author's own research, (i) Candida subhashii isolate, which had not been used in biofiltration before, was isolated from peat, and its effectiveness in carbon assimilation from selected hydrophobic VOCs was confirmed at a level comparable to Fusarium solani, the fungus most often used for this purpose. (ii) It was confirmed that fungal biotrickling filtration is among the most effective biological methods of removing hydrophobic VOCs during air purification. (iii) Methods of both immobilizing fungi species on the surface of biofilter packing materials, and testing the diversity and viability of fungi in the biofiltration process were developed.

  • The use of Preston equation to determine material removal during lap-grinding with electroplated CBN tools
    • Mariusz Deja
    2023 Pełny tekst WEAR

    Grinding executed in a lapping configuration is an alternative finishing process benefiting from both grinding and free-abrasive machining, while minimizing the heat effect impact. Electroplated tools can be effectively used in different abrasive processes, including high-speed grinding, however, the assessment of machining performance over time is a key factor in their correct use to achieve satisfactory technological results. In conventional grinding, bigger grain-coverage provides better results due to the higher bonding strength of grains. In lap- grinding, fracturing and crushing of the abrasive particles initially covered by the plating result in a suspension which is typically dosed continuously in free-abrasive machining. Due to this, the process transforms from two-body (grinding) to three-body abrasion (free abrasive machining) which may result in reduced grinding performance approaching asymptotically a specific value while improving surface finish. The main aim of the presented study is the evaluation of electroplated CBN tools used in lap-grinding of 40H alloy steel workpieces whose hardness was 54 HRC. The obtained results and observations of the working surface of CBN wheels and workpieces allowed for the identification of the wear characteristics for three nickel plating thicknesses corresponding to 35%, 50% and 65% of the nominal CBN crystal size and for specific process parameters. The surface roughness Ra parameter decreased gradually from the initial value 1.9 μm to the values below 0.7 μm for bigger B107 grains and for all plating thicknesses. For smaller B64 grains, the surface roughness and waviness parameters reached similar values to those obtained for the larger B107 grains at corresponding processing times. The lowest value of Ra parameter below 0.4 μm was obtained for B64 grains and for the thinnest plating but with a 50% reduction in material removal comparing to B107 grains. The Preston equation was employed to calculate the material removal as a function of time under variable process conditions in the machining zone due to the tool wear. This attempt extended the range of the material removal modeling, despite the fact that the electroplated wheels were subject to wearing down resulting in the gradual reduction in the efficiency, as well as in the change of the working conditions in the workpiece-tool contact zone.

  • Theoretical analysis and experimental tests of tilting pad journal bearings with shoes made of polymer material and low-boiling liquid lubrication
    • Grzegorz Żywica
    • Artur Olszewski
    • Paweł Bagiński
    • Artur Andrearczyk
    • Tomasz Żochowski
    • Piotr Klonowicz
    2023 Pełny tekst TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL

    Selecting the appropriate bearing system for the rotor requires a good knowledge of the available solutions and the operating conditions of the machine. For newly designed machinery operating in adverse conditions, selecting bearings that ensure correct and long-lasting operation can be extremely challenging. Difficulties in- crease when the machine’s operating parameters are beyond the technical capabilities of available technical solutions. This article presents the course of the design process and results of numerical and experimental research of a prototype microturbine that uses an innovative rotor-bearing system. Due to the adverse operating conditions, new tilting pad journal bearings were designed, in which the sliding surfaces of the tilting pads were made of polymeric material and a low-viscosity medium in liquid form was used as the lubricating medium. The basic bearing parameters were selected and pre-checked by numerical calculations. The oil-free turbomachinery design thus developed was subjected to experimental testing under near-real conditions. The results of these tests confirmed that the developed bearings performed very well, ensuring stable operation of the high-speed rotor of the microturbine over a wide speed range. Despite the unfavourable lubrication conditions, no signs of bearing wear were observed. The results obtained indicate a new, promising direction for the development of bearing systems for turbomachinery, in which, with a suitable design of the bearings, a low-boiling working medium in liquid form can be used as a lubricating medium.

  • Theoretical and experimental analysis of guided wave propagation in plate-like structures with sinusoidal thickness variations
    • Beata Zima
    • Jochen Moll
    2023 Pełny tekst Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

    Guided waves have attracted significant attention for non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) due to their ability to travel relatively long distances without significant energy loss combined with their sensitivity to even small defects. Therefore, they are commonly used in damage detection and localization applications. The main idea of incorporating guided waves in NDT and SHM is based on processing the received signals and appropriate interpretation of their characteristics. A great amount of research devoted to diagnostics of plate-like structures considers specimens with constant thickness, which significantly facilities the diagnostic process. In such a case the velocity is also assumed to be constant. However, the developed diagnostic methods should be applicable, especially for the structures exposed to an aggressive environment, excessive load, or unfavorable weather conditions, etc., when the probability of damage occurring is much higher. In such cases, the assumption about the uniform thickness alongside the propagation path cannot be applied in every case. Thus, the present study is focused on wave propagation in metallic plates with variable thickness. The results of theoretical, numerical and experimental investigations of antisymmetric Lamb mode propagation in aluminum plates with a sine-shaped surface are presented. In the first step, the influence of non-uniform thickness distribution on wave velocity has been described. Next, the inverse problem aimed at shape reconstruction based on time of flight (ToF) analysis and spatially varying wave velocity was solved and compared with the standard dispersion curve-fitting method.

  • Therapeutic biomaterials - application in neurology and cardiology
    • Klaudia Malisz
    • Beata Świeczko-Żurek
    2023

    Biomaterials are of interest in most medical fields. It's hard to imagine life without them. And due to the ever-increasing demand, scientists are developing new materials. Diseases of the nervous and cardiovascular systems are still a big problem, which are associated with a limited ability to regenerate brain or heart tissues. Therefore, this review discusses the advancement in biomaterial engineering for the treatment of neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases affect a large percentage of older people. Therefore, the review presents treatment options for Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's diseases (PD). Another serious problem is cardiac ischemia. To regenerate heart tissue, scientists have proposed the use of extracellular vesicles, injectable hydrogels, and biomaterial-based cardiac patches. In addition to tissue engineering, implants are also developing in the field of cardiology. More and more modern materials are being created, e.g., for valve prostheses or vascular stents.

  • Thermal analysis of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Casson fluid with suspended Iron (II, III) oxide-aluminum oxide-titanium dioxide ternary-hybrid nanostructures
    • Hajra Kaneez
    • Awab Baqar
    • Irum Andleeb
    • Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
    • Marek Krawczuk
    • Wasim Jamshed
    • Mohamed Eid
    • Assmaa Abd-elmonem Assmaa
    2023 JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS

    This study is carried out to enhance and analyze the thermal performance of non-Newtonian Casson fluid by immersing Ternary hybrid nanoparticles Fe3O4-Al2O3-TiO2 uniformly. To model the behaviour of such complex phenomena mathematically, a system of complex transport differential equations is developed by utilizing a non-Fourier heat transfer model for energy transport. The non-dimensional system of transport equations involving physical parameters is analyzed numerically by employing the Galerkin finite element methodology (G-FEM). The simulations predicted promising enhanced heat transfer characteristics in Ternary hybrid Casson fluid. The Casson fluid parameter has shown remarkable behavior on temperature distribution. Ternary hybrid nanoparticles have increased the overall thermal conductivity of the fluid and consequently, the temperature distribution is significantly raised. Hence ternary hybridity of nano-structures in Casson fluid is shown as an effective technique in improving the thermal performance of complex fluid.