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  • Low-volume label-free SARS-CoV-2 detection with the microcavity-based optical fiber sensor
    • Monika Janik
    • Tomasz Gabler
    • Marcin Koba
    • Mirosława Panasiuk
    • Yanina Dashkevich
    • Tomasz Łęga
    • Agnieszka Dąbrowska
    • Antonina Naskalska
    • Sabina Żołędowska
    • Dawid Nidzworski
    • Krzysztof Pyrć
    • Beata Gromadzka
    • Mateusz Śmietana
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Accurate and fast detection of viruses is crucial for controlling outbreaks of many diseases; therefore, to date, numerous sensing systems for their detection have been studied. On top of the performance of these sensing systems, the availability of biorecognition elements specific to especially the new etiological agents is an additional fundamental challenge. Therefore, besides high sensitivity and selectivity, such advantages as the size of the sensor and possibly low volume of analyzed samples are also important, especially at the stage of evaluating the receptor-target interactions in the case of new etiological agents when typically, only tiny amounts of the receptor are available for testing. This work introduces a real-time, highly miniaturized sensing solution based on microcavity in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer (μIMZI) induced in optical fiber for SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles detection. The assay is designed to detect conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 viral particles in a sample with a volume as small as hundreds of picoliters, reaching the detection limit at the single ng per mL level.

  • Machine Learning Assisted Interactive Multi-objectives Optimization Framework: A Proposed Formulation and Method for Overtime Planning in Software Development Projects
    • Hammed Mojeed
    • Rafał Szłapczyński
    2023

    Machine Learning Assisted Interactive Multi-objectives Optimization Framework: A Proposed Formulation and Method for Overtime Planning in Software Development Projects Hammed A. Mojeed & Rafal Szlapczynski Conference paper First Online: 14 September 2023 161 Accesses Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNAI,volume 14125) Abstract Software development project requires proper planning to mitigate risk and uncertainty. Overtime planning within software project management has been receiving attention recently from search-based software engineering researchers. Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms are used to build automated tools that could effectively help Project Managers (PM) plan overtime on project schedules. Existing models however lack applicability by the PMs due to their disregard for expert knowledge in planning overtime. This study proposes a new interactive problem formulation for software overtime planning and presents a framework for building a machine learning-based interactive multi-objective optimization algorithm for overtime planning in software development projects. The framework is designed to train a priori a machine learning model to mimic the PM’s subjective judgment of overtime plans within the project schedule. The machine learning model is integrated with a memetic multi-objective optimization algorithm via an interactive module. Also, the memetic algorithm incorporates a preference-based w-dominance method for selecting non-dominated solutions. The proposed framework will be developed to assist software project managers to better plan overtime in order to prevent the expected risk of software development overrun

  • Machine learning-based prediction of preplaced aggregate concrete characteristics
    • Farzam Omidi Moaf
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Hakim S. Abdelgader
    • Marzena Kurpińska
    2023 ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

    Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete (PAC) is a type of preplaced concrete where coarse aggregate is placed in the mold and a Portland cement-sand grout with admixtures is injected to fill the voids. Due to the complex nature of PAC, many studies were conducted to determine the effects of admixtures and the compressive and tensile strengths of PAC. Considering that a prediction tool is needed to estimate the compressive and tensile strengths of PAC, this research developed 12 supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in Python software to provide estimations for civil engineers. To prepare the training and testing datasets, a comprehensive investigation was performed to prepare experimental studies on the compressive and tensile strengths of PAC. Then, according to the features of the dataset, four scenarios were defined based on the input features. The capability of ML algorithms was investigated in each scenario. Results showed that the ETR, RDF, and BR algorithms achieved the prediction accuracy of 98.3%, 95.3% and 94.6%, respectively, for estimating the compressive strength of PAC with input features of Case B. Therefore, due to the performance of the ML models, their generality was investigated by preparing the experimental test of two specimens of PAC and by validating the results. Notably, that the proposed ML models (e.g. BR method) can accurately predict the compressive and tensile strengths of specimens (e.g. with accuracy of 98.4 99.7%, respectively) and can be used to facilitate and reduce the experimental tests as well as the experimental efforts.

  • Machine learning-based prediction of residual drift and seismic risk assessment of steel moment-resisting frames considering soil-structure interaction
    • Neda Asgarkhani
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Robert Jankowski
    2023 COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES

    Nowadays, due to improvements in seismic codes and computational devices, retrofitting buildings is an important topic, in which, permanent deformation of buildings, known as Residual Interstory Drift Ratio (RIDR), plays a crucial role. To provide an accurate yet reliable prediction model, 32 improved Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were considered using the Python software to investigate the best method for estimating Maximum Interstory Drift Ratio (IDRmax) and RIDR of 384 Steel Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRFs). In addition, the curve plot ability of methods was investigated to provide an estimation of Median of IDA curve (IDAMed) and Seismic Failure Probability curve (SFPCurve) considering Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) effects. It is noteworthy that ML algorithms were improved with a pipeline-based hyper-parameters Fine-Tuning (FT) method followed by forward and backward feature selection methodologies to avoid overfitting and data leakage issues. The improved methods were evaluated to find the best prediction model regarding seismic demands. The results show that proposed methods have higher prediction accuracy and curve fitting ability (i.e. more than 95%) that can be used to estimate IDAMed and SFPCurve of a structure to accelerate the seismic risk assessment. A prediction tool is introduced to use the methods of this study for estimating abovementioned seismic demands.

  • Machine learning-based prediction of seismic limit-state capacity of steel moment-resisting frames considering soil-structure interaction
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Robert Jankowski
    2023 COMPUTERS & STRUCTURES

    Regarding the unpredictable and complex nature of seismic excitations, there is a need for vulnerability assessment of newly constructed or existing structures. Predicting the seismic limit-state capacity of steel Moment-Resisting Frames (MRFs) can help designers to have a preliminary estimation and improve their views about the seismic performance of the designed structure. This study improved data-driven decision techniques in Python software, known as supervised Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, to find median IDA curves (M-IDAs) for predicting the seismic limit-state capacities of steel MRFs considering Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) effects. For this purpose, Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) were per-formed on the steel MRFs from two to nine-story elevations modeled in Opensees subjected to three ground motion subsets of Far Fault (FF), near-fault Pulse-Like (PL) and No-Pulse (NP) suggested by FEMA-P695. The result of the analysis confirmed that there is no specific model for predicting the M-IDA curve of steel structures; therefore, the best developed ML algorithms to reduce a complex modelling process with high computational cost using 128,000 data points were proposed. To provide convenient access to prediction results, Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed to predict Sa (T1) of seismic limit-state performance levels with a large database based on prediction models.

  • Machine learning-based seismic fragility and seismic vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete structures
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Neda Asgarkhani
    • Robert Jankowski
    2023 Pełny tekst SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING

    Many studies have been performed to put quantifying uncertainties into the seismic risk assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. This paper provides a risk-assessment support tool for purpose of retrofitting and potential design strategies of RC buildings. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were developed in Python software by innovative methods of hyperparameter optimization, such as halving search, grid search, random search, fine-tuning method, and the k-fold cross-validation, to derive the seismic fragility curve for accelerating seismic risk assessment. Proposed ML methods significantly reduced the computational efforts compared to conventional procedure of seismic fragility assessment. The prediction results can be combined with considered hazard curves for the purpose of seismic risk assessment of RC buildings. To prepare the training dataset, Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) were performed on 165 RC frames to achieve 1121184 data points. Performance indicators showed that the algorithms of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Extra-Trees Regressor (ETR), Extremely Randomized Tree Regressor (ERTR), Bagging Regressor (BR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Histogram-based Gradient Boosting Regression (HGBR) had higher performance, which achieved acceptable accuracy and fitted to actual curves. In addition, Graphical User Interface (GUI) was introduced as a practical tool yet reliable for seismic risk assessment of RC buildings.

  • Machine learning-based seismic response and performance assessment of reinforced concrete buildings
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Neda Asgarkhani
    • Robert Jankowski
    2023 Pełny tekst Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

    Complexity and unpredictability nature of earthquakes makes them unique external loads that there is no unique formula used for the prediction of seismic responses. Hence, this research aims to implement the most well-known Machine Learning (ML) methods in Python software to propose a prediction model for seismic response and performance assessment of Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frames (RC MRFs). To prepare 92,400 data points of training dataset for developing data-driven techniques, Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) were performed considering 165 RC MRFs with two-, to twelve-Story elevations having the bay lengths of 5.0 m, 6.1 m, and 7.6 m assuming near-fault seismic excitations. Then, important structural features were considered in datasets to train and test the ML-based prediction models, which were improved with innovative techniques. The results show that improved algorithms have higher R2 values for estimating the Maximum Interstory Drift Ratio (IDRmax), and two improved algorithms of artificial neural networks and extreme gradient boosting can estimate the Median of IDA curves (M-IDAs) of RC MRFs, which can be used to estimate the seismic limit-state capacity and performance assessment of existing or newly constructed RC buildings. To validate the generality and accuracy of the proposed ML-based prediction model, a five-Story RC building with different input features was used, and the results are promising. Therefore, graphical user interface is introduced as user-friendly tool to help researchers in estimating the seismic limit-state capacity of RC buildings, while reducing the computational cost and analytical efforts.

  • Macro-nutrients recovery from liquid waste as a sustainable resource for production of recovered mineral fertilizer: Uncovering alternative options to sustain global food security cost-effectively
    • Bogna Śniatała
    • Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
    • Dominika Sobotka
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
    2023 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    Global food security, which has emerged as one of the sustainability challenges, impacts every country. As food cannot be generated without involving nutrients, research has intensified recently to recover unused nutrients from waste streams. As a finite resource, phosphorus (P) is largely wasted. This work critically reviews the technical applicability of various water technologies to recover macro-nutrients such as P, N, and K from wastewater. Struvite precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane filtration are applied for nutrient recovery. Technological strengths and drawbacks in their applications are evaluated and compared. Their operational conditions such as pH, dose required, initial nutrient concentration, and treatment performance are presented. Cost-effectiveness of the technologies for P or N recovery is also elaborated. It is evident from a literature survey of 310 published studies (1985–2022) that no single technique can effectively and universally recover target macro-nutrients from liquid waste. Struvite precipitation is commonly used to recover over 95 % of P from sludge digestate with its concentration ranging from 200 to 4000 mg/L. The recovered precipitate can be reused as a fertilizer due to its high content of P and N. Phosphate removal of higher than 80 % can be achieved by struvite precipitation when the molar ratio of Mg2+/PO4 3− ranges between 1.1 and 1.3. The applications of artificial intelligence (AI) to collect data on critical parameters control optimization, improve treatment effectiveness, and facilitate water utilities to upscale water treatment plants. Such infrastructure in the plants could enable the recovered materials to be reused to sustain food security. As nutrient recovery is crucial in wastewater treatment, water treatment plant operators need to consider (1) the costs of nutrient recovery techniques; (2) their applicability; (3) their benefits and implications. It is essential to note that the treatment cost of P and/or N-laden wastewater depends on the process applied and local conditions.

  • Magazynowanie ciepła
    • Michał Ryms
    2023

    Magazynowanie ciepła, obok magazynowania energii elektrycznej, w dzisiejszych czasach stanowi podstawę zrównoważonego gospodarowania zasobami surowcowymi. Przyczynia się do poprawy efektywności energetycznej procesów przemysłowych, wydajniejszego ogrzewania obiektów czy pomieszczeń, a dzięki wykorzystaniu różnego rodzaju urządzeń i materiałów sprzyja zmniejszeniu zużycia paliw, w efekcie czego następuje ograniczenie emisji do środowiska nadmiernej ilości gazów cieplarnianych, pyłów, tlenków azotu i innych produktów ubocznych produkcji ciepła. Tym samym magazynowanie ciepła staje się obecnie nie tylko koniecznością, lecz także obowiązkiem, jeśli chcemy optymalizować wykorzystanie paliw i dbać o środowisko, w którym żyjemy. Ciepło można magazynować na wiele sposobów: począwszy od gromadzenia w zasobnikach ciepłej wody użytkowej w domowych instalacjach wodno-grzewczych przez systemy zintegrowane z instalacją wspieraną przez odnawialne źródła energii (kolektory słoneczne, pompy ciepła), skończywszy na komercyjnych magazynach ciepła dużych mocy opartych na odzysku przemysłowej energii odpadowej.

  • Magazynowanie energii elektrycznej
    • Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
    2023

    Światowa gospodarka opiera się na energii, dlatego wymaga się, aby energia była łatwo dostępna, stosunkowo tania, a jej dostawy niezawodne. Zmiany klimatyczne powodują jednak, że wzrastają wymogi dotyczące redukcji emisji CO2, a co za tym idzie – zwiększenia udziału „zielonej energii” pochodzącej ze źródeł odnawialnych. Ramy europejskiej polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej do roku 2030 zakładają m.in. redukcję emisji ditlenku węgla o co najmniej 55% względem poziomu z 1990 r. oraz zwiększenie udziału energii ze źródeł odnawialnych do 32%. Dostawy energii ze źródeł odnawialnych nie są stabilne, ponieważ zależą od warunków pogodowych. Aby mieć dostęp do energii zawsze, kiedy jest ona potrzebna, należy zabezpieczyć niezbędny bufor energii w postaci magazynu. Wydajne magazynowanie energii elektrycznej jest zatem kluczowe, aby móc sukcesywnie zwiększać udział energii ze źródeł odnawialnych. Oprócz stacjonarnych magazynów energii ważną rolę w zmniejszaniu emisji CO2 odgrywają samochody elektryczne. Bezemisyjny transport oznacza niższą emisję nie tylko CO2, lecz także innych zanieczyszczeń, tj. bezno(a)piren, tlenki azotu czy pyły zawieszone. Obserwowany w ostatnich latach oraz przewidywany dalszy wzrost udziału samochodów o napędzie hybrydowym i elektrycznym zapewne przyczyni się więc do poprawy jakości powietrza w miastach. Energię elektryczną można magazynować przez konwertowanie jej na energię chemiczną i uwalnianie w pożądanym czasie. Technologie elektrochemicznego magazynowania energii są i będą odgrywać dużą rolę w osiągnięciu założonych celów polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej. W rozdziale omówiono najnowsze trendy dotyczące urządzeń służących do konwersji i magazynowania energii, z uwzględnieniem możliwości wykorzystywania ich w dużej skali jako magazynów stacjonarnych, sprzężonych z odnawialnymi źródłami energii. Poruszone zostaną kwestie dostępności pierwiastków do produkcji urządzeń do magazynowania energii oraz związane z tym problemy geopolityczne. Ponadto przedstawione będą wyzwania i potencjalne kierunki dalszego rozwoju, w tym możliwości uzyskiwania bardziej ekologicznych magazynów energii z wykorzystaniem materiałów pochodzących z recyklingu.

  • Magnetic anisotropy and structural flexibility in the f ield-induced single ion magnets [Co{(OPPh2) (EPPh2)N}2], E = S, Se, explored by experimental and computational methods
    • Eleftherios Ferentinos
    • Demeter Tzeli
    • Silvia Sottini
    • Edgar J.J. Groenen
    • Mykhaylo Ozerov
    • Giordano Poneti
    • Kinga Kaniewska-Laskowska
    • J. Krzystek
    • Panayotis Kyritsis
    2023 Pełny tekst DALTON TRANSACTIONS

    During the last few years, a large number of mononuclear Co(II) complexes of various coordination geometries have been explored as potential single ion magnets (SIMs). In the work presented herein, the Co(II) S = 3/2 tetrahedral [Co{(OPPh2)(EPPh2)N}2], E = S, Se, complexes (abbreviated as CoO2E2), bearing chalcogenated mixed donor-atom imidodiphosphinato ligands, were studied by both experimental and computational techniques. Specifically, direct current (DC) magnetometry provided estimations of their zerof ield splitting (zfs) axial (D) and rhombic (E) parameter values, which were more accurately determined by a combination of far-infrared magnetic spectroscopy and high-frequency and-field EPR spectroscopy studies. The latter combination of techniques was also implemented for the S = 3/2 tetrahedral [Co Received 14th October 2022, Accepted 14th January 2023 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03335f rsc.li/dalton Introduction {(EPiPr2)2N}2], E = S, Se, complexes, confirming the previously determined magnitude of their zfs parameters. For both pairs of complexes (E = S, Se), it is concluded that the identity of the E donor atom does not significantly affect their zfs parameters. High-resolution multifrequency EPR studies of CoO2E2 provided evidence of multiple conformations, which are more clearly observed for CoO2Se2, in agreement with the structural disorder previously established for this complex by X-ray crystallography. The CoO2E2 complexes were shown to be field-induced SIMs, i.e., they exhibit slow relaxation of magnetization in the presence of an external DC magnetic field. Advanced quantum-chemical calculations on CoO2E2 provided additional insight into their electronic and structural properties.

  • Magnetic deep eutectic solvents as efficient media for extraction of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from aqueous samples
    • Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
    • Karolina Kucharska
    • Edyta Słupek
    • Jacek Gębicki
    • Miguel de la Guardia
    2023 JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    The extraction of furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from hydrolysates is currently one of the main challenges in bio-refinery. In this work, the separation of FF and HMF from the aqueous phase was carried out using a new type of green solvents – Magnetic Deep Eutectic Solvents (MDES). A conductor-like screening model for realistic solvents (COSMO-RS) was used for the preselection of 400 MDES. MDES which exhibit the highest FF and HMF solubility were prepared. The detailed physicochemical (i.e. density, viscosity, melting point) and structural characterization of new solvents using spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory (DFT) were performed. The most important liquid–liquid extraction parameters, i.e. the type of MDES, pH, temperature, extraction time, and the ratio of MDES to aqueous phase were carefully optimized using Central Composite Design model (CCD). In addition, multistage extraction, MDES regeneration, and reusability were also examined. The obtained results indicate that MDES consisting of menthol, thymol, and FeCl3 in a 1:1:0.5 M ratio could easily extract both FF and HMF from model and real hydrolysates samples with 98.5 and 78.8 % efficiency, respectively. The MDES regeneration studies demonstrated that the extraction efficiency did not change after 15 regeneration cycles. The mechanism of FF and HMF extraction indicates that van der Waals interactions were the main driving force for the extraction process. A great advantage of the proposed method was the possibility to eliminate the tedious centrifugation step for phase separation by using solvents with magnetic properties.

  • Magnetic signature reproduction of ferromagnetic ships at arbitrary geographical position, direction and depth using a multi-dipole model
    • Mirosław Wołoszyn
    • Jarosław Tarnawski
    2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    The reproduction of magnetic signatures is an important issue concerning the safety of ship traffic, as well as the identification and classification of vessels. Moreover, military applications of magnetic signatures and their reproduction refer to the activation or protection against activation of magnetic naval mines. Previous works on this subject focused on recording and replicating the signatures under the same conditions as those under which they were measured, e.g., on the same ship courses. In this article, much greater capabilities of the multi-dipole model are presented, including simultaneous identification of permanent and induced magnetism. Determining the dipole values using the data from cardinal directions gives the possibility of determining the magnetic field density at any trajectory (position), direction, or depth, with further reconstruction of the entire magnetic field on the basis of residual measurements. For the purpose of this article, a numerical test model of a corvette-type ship has been modelled in Opera simulation software for different geographical positions. The synthetic data from the simulator served as the data source for determining the parameters of the multi-dipole model and the reference data for the verification of the signatures reconstructed for other positions, directions, and depths than those used to determine the model parameters. To determine all permanent magnetization components, data sets were used for two different values of the external magnetic field vertical component. Finally, as a culmination of the demonstration of model universality, the entire magnetic field around the ship was reproduced for different control points on Earth, and for different courses and depths. Investigating the possibility of reconstructing the magnetic signature at a different geographic location than the place where the measurement was made for model synthesis is the main original issue considered in this paper.

  • Magnetically recyclable TiO2/MXene/MnFe2O4 photocatalyst for enhanced peroxymonosulphate-assisted photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine and ibuprofen under simulated solar light
    • Anna Grzegórska
    • Joseph Chibueze Ofoegbu
    • Laura Cervera-Gabalda
    • Cristina Gómez-Polo
    • Diana Sannino
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

    In this study, a novel TiO2/Ti3C2/MnFe2O4 magnetic photocatalyst with dual properties, enabling (i) improved photocatalytic degradation with PMS activation under simulated solar light and (ii) magnetic separation after the degradation process in an external magnetic field was developed and applied for the efficient photodegradation pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) frequently present in wastewater and surface waters worldwide. MXene was used as a Ti precursor for anatase/rutile synthesis and as a co-catalyst in the photodegradation process. Manganese ferrite with ferrimagnetic properties was coupled with the TiO2/Ti3C2 composite to facilitate the magnetic separation after the purification process in an external magnetic field. Moreover, MnFe2O4 was used for PMS activation, producing •SO4- radicals with a strong oxidation ability and higher redox potential of 2.5–3.1 V (vs. NHE) than •OH radicals with a standard oxidation–reduction potential of 2.8 V. The effect of the manganese ferrite content in the composite structure (5 wt% and 20 wt%) on the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activity of the magnetic photocatalyst was investigated. Furthermore, the most photocatalytic active composite of TiO2/MXene/5%MnFe2O4 was used for peroxymonosulphate-assisted photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen and carbamazepine. The effect of peroxymonosulphate concentration (0.0625 mM, 0.125 mM, and 0.25 mM) and the synergistic effect of PMS activation on photocatalytic degradation was studied. Based on the obtained results, it was found that TiO2/MXene/5%MnFe2O4/PMS process is an efficient advanced treatment technology for the oxidation of emerging contaminants that are not susceptible to biodegradation. Carbamazepine and ibuprofen were completely degraded within 20 min and 10 min of the PMS-assisted photodegradation process under simulated solar light. The trapping experiments confirmed that •SO4- and •O2- are the main oxidising species involved in the CBZ degradation, while •SO4- and h+ in the IBP degradation. Furthermore, introducing interfering ions of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, and SO42– in the model seawater did not affect the removal efficiency of both pharmaceuticals. In terms of reusability, the performance of the TiO2/MXene/5% MnFe2O4/PMS photocatalyst was stable after four subsequent cycles of carbamazepine and ibuprofen degradation.

  • Magnetoelectric, spectroscopic, optical and elastic properties of Co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics
    • Renata Bujakiewicz-Koronska
    • Łukasz Gondek
    • Leonid Vasylechko
    • Maria Balanda
    • Ewa Juszynska-Galazka
    • Miroslaw Galazka
    • Dorota Majda
    • Wojciech Piekarczyk
    • Antoni Zywczak
    • Agnieszka Ciżman
    • Maciej Sitarz
    • Piotr Jelen
    • Wojciech Salamon
    • Piotr Czaja
    • Jaroslaw Jedryka
    • Kamil Koronski
    • Anna Kalvane
    • Karolina Górnicka
    • Ewa Markiewicz
    • Satoshi Yamashita
    • Yasuhiro Nakazawa
    • Jarosław Jędryka
    2023 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS

    he BaTiO3 perovskite is widely used in the electronic technology due to its dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties and is a well-known base for obtaining a promising multifunctional material. In this paper we report the extensive studies on the Co-doped BaTiO3 ceramics for the wide range cobalt content. Full structural characterization of studied samples in a 20–450 K range was provided. The results of research on spectroscopic, dielectric, electronic, optical, magnetic and elastic properties are presented. The superior dielectric properties to those exhibited by the parent compound have been found. Namely, the reduction of dielectric losses and stability of the dielectric permittivity in the vicinity of the room temperature are reported. Additionally, our research revealed: broadening of the dielectric anomalies related to the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition, shifting the Curie point towards lower temperatures, displacive mechanism of Curie phase transition with order-disorder contributions; maximum value of the real part of dielectric permittivity of about 5000 at Curie point for 0.05 wt% of Co-doping, value of the activation energy ∼ 0.9 eV as the result of the migration of oxygen vacancies that are generated due to charge compensation, and the occurrence of magnetoelectric response. At last, the Co-doped BaTiO3 shows potential to use in non-linear optoelectronic devices, while no evidence of multiferroic properties, suggested in the literature, was found.

  • Maillard-reaction (glycation) of biopolymeric packaging films; principles, mechanisms, food applications
    • Wanli Zhang
    • Maryam Azizi-Lalabadi
    • Swarup Roy
    • Shamimeh Azimi Salim
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    • Seid Mahdi Jafari
    2023 TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

    Background The biodegradable, biocompatible, sustainable, and renewable nature of biomaterials has led to increased interest in developing biopolymeric food packaging films (BFPFs) with green ingredients and strategies. To enhance the performance of these films, biopolymer molecules can be modified or combined with additives like nanomaterials, cross-linkers, bioactive compounds, and other polymers, particularly with Maillard-reaction (MR), as a promising approach to enhance the performance of degradable BFPFs. Scope and approach In this work, after an overview of MR chemistry, the MR in different types of biopolymers have been discussed in detail. In addition, this work summarizes the application of MR cross-linked BFPFs in recent years. Key findings and conclusions The MR is an effective cross-linking method that can improve the properties of BFPFs. The extent of cross-linking induced by MR depends on the reaction degree, and its occurrence can be controlled during different stages of film-formation solution and drying. The initiation of MR requires a specific temperature range. Additionally, MR products can serve as functional additives that provide antibacterial and antioxidant activities to BFPFs.

  • Mało znane rozwiązania konstrukcyjne oraz funkcjonalno - użytkowe budynków w powojennej Gdyni Wybrane przykłady
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2023

    Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie przykładów z realizacji budownictwa z lat 1950–1970, które świadczą o dużym zaangażowaniu zarówno projektantów, jak i wykonawców we wprowadzanie postępu technicznego w celu przyśpieszenia tempa realizacji inwestycji, co było działaniem priorytetowym w okresie odbudowy kraju ze zniszczeń będących następstwem II wojny światowej

  • Management of MV/LV Transformer Replacement Based on AMI Platform
    • Krzysztof Dobrzyński
    • Sławomir Noske
    • Dominik Falkowski
    2023 Automatyka Elektryka Zakłócenia

    The paper presents the extended possibilities of managing the selection and replacement of MV/LV transformers using the measurement data from the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) system. The analysis was conducted on samples of over 1900 transformers that operate in two different types of MV grids: rural and urban. The analysis has shown that there is a great potential in the field of optimizing the rated power of the transformers.

  • Management Strategy for Seaports Aspiring to Green Logistical Goals of IMO: Technology and Policy Solutions
    • Thanh Tuan Le
    • Hoang Phuong Nguyen
    • Krzysztof Rudzki
    • Lech Rowiński
    • Viet Duc Bui
    • Thanh Hai Truong
    • Huu Cuong Le
    • Nguyen Dang Khoa Pham
    2023 Pełny tekst Polish Maritime Research

    Recently, because of serious global challenges including the consumption of energy and climate change, there has been an increase in interest in the environmental effect of port operations and expansion. More interestingly, a strategic tendency in seaport advancement has been to manage the seaport system using a model which balances environmental volatility and economic development demands. An energy efficient management system is regarded as being vital for meeting the strict rules aimed at reducing the environmental pollution caused by port facility activities. Moreover, the enhanced supervision of port system operating methods and technical resolutions for energy utilisation also raise significant issues. In addition, low-carbon ports, as well as green port models, are becoming increasingly popular in seafaring nations. This study comprises a comprehensive assessment of operational methods, cutting-edge technologies for sustainable generation, storage, and transformation of energy, as well as systems of smart grid management, to develop a green seaport system, obtaining optimum operational efficiency and environmental protection. It is thought that using a holistic method and adaptive management, based on a framework of sustainable and green energy, could stimulate creative thinking, consensus building, and cooperation, as well as streamline the regulatory demands associated with port energy management. Although several aspects of sustainability and green energy could increase initial expenditure, they might result in significant life cycle savings due to decreased consumption of energy and output of emissions, as well as reduced operational and maintenance expenses

  • Mangiferin Affects Melanin Synthesis by an Influence on Tyrosinase: Inhibition, Mechanism of Action and Molecular Docking Studies
    • Anna Hering
    • Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk
    • Szymon Dziomba
    • Rafal Halasa
    • Radosław Krzemieniecki
    • Subrahmanyam Sappati
    • Maciej Baginski
    • Renata J. Ochocka
    • Sappati, Subrahmanyam
    2023 Pełny tekst Antioxidants

    Mangiferin is a strong antioxidant that presents a wide range of biological activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the influence of mangiferin on tyrosinase, an enzyme responsible for melanin synthesis and the unwanted browning process of food. The research included both the kinetics and molecular interactions between tyrosinase and mangiferin. The research proved that mangiferin inhibits tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 290 +/− 6.04 µM, which was found comparable with the standard kojic acid (IC50 217.45 +/− 2.54 µM). The mechanism of inhibition was described as mixed inhibition. The interaction between tyrosinase enzyme and mangiferin was confirmed with capillary electrophoresis (CE). The analysis indicated the formation of two main, and four less significant complexes. These results have also been supported by the molecular docking studies. It was indicated that mangiferin binds to tyrosinase, similarly to L-DOPA molecule, both in the active center and peripheral site. As it was presented in molecular docking studies, mangiferin and L-DOPA molecules can interact in a similar way with surrounding amino acid residues of tyrosinase. Additionally, hydroxyl groups of mangiferin may interact with amino acids on the tyrosinase external surface causing non-specific interaction.

  • Mapping of Flood-Prone Areas Utilizing GIS Techniques and Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Duhok, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
    • Aumed M Amen
    • Andam Mustafa
    • Dalshad Ahmed Kareem
    • Hasan Mohammed Hameed
    • Ayub Anwar Mirza
    • Michał Szydłowski
    • Bala Kawa M. Saleem
    2023 Pełny tekst Remote Sensing

    One of the most common types of natural disaster, floods can happen anywhere on Earth, except in the polar regions. The severity of the damage caused by flooding can be reduced by putting proper management and protocols into place. Using remote sensing and a geospatial methodology, this study attempts to identify flood-vulnerable areas of the central district of Duhok, Iraq. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique was used to give relative weights to 12 contributing parameters, including elevation, slope, distance from the river, rainfall, land use land cover, soil, lithology, topographic roughness index, topographic wetness index, aspect, the sediment transport index, and the stream power index in order to calculate the Flood Hazard Index (FHI). The relative importance of each criterion was revealed by a sensitivity analysis of the parameter values. This research developed a final flood susceptibility map and identified high-susceptible zones. This was classified anywhere from very low to very high classifications for its potential flood hazard. The generated map indicates that 44.72 km2 of the total land area of the study area in Duhok city has a very high susceptibility to flooding, and that these areas require significant attention from government authorities in order to reduce flood vulnerability

  • Mark Fisher. Dziwaczne i osobliwe. Przekład i posłowie: Andrzej Karalus i Tymon Adamczewski
    • Andrzej Karalus
    • Tymon Adamczewski
    2023

    Dziwaczne i osobliwe to zbiór esejów, w których autor dowodzi, że wiele spośród znanych dzieł kultury można opisać kategoriami dziwaczności lub osobliwości. Pojęcia te, choć bardzo do siebie zbliżone, nie są tożsame. Oba kojarzone są z horrorem lub literaturą sceince fiction, ale wykraczają poza jego ramy. Dotykają tego, co zewnętrzne i nieznane, niepokojące, ale niekoniecznie przerażające. Kategorie dziwaczności i osobliwości Fisher przykłada do dzieł takich twórców i twórczyń jak: H.P. Lovecraft, H.G. Wells, Daphne Du Maurier, Margaret Atwood, Stanley Kubrick czy Christoper Nolan. Ostatecznie otrzymujemy coś, co można by nazwać projektem "estetyki zewnętrza".

  • Mark Fisher: od hauntologii do estetyki zewnętrzności
    • Andrzej Karalus
    • Tymon Adamczewski
    2023

    W artykule zrekapitulowany zostaje projekt estetyki zewnętrza Marka Fishera, tak jak został zarysowany w artykułach i książce Dziwaczne i osobliwe. Artykuł osadza poszukiwania Fishera w szerszej ramie pojęciowej (w kontekście tzw. brytyjskiej teorii spekulatywno-kulturowej), jak i na tle wątków akceleracjonistycznych.

  • Mask Detection and Classification in Thermal Face Images
    • Natalia Kowalczyk
    • Milena Sobotka
    • Jacek Rumiński
    2023 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    Face masks are recommended to reduce the transmission of many viruses, especially SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, the automatic detection of whether there is a mask on the face, what type of mask is worn, and how it is worn is an important research topic. In this work, the use of thermal imaging was considered to analyze the possibility of detecting (localizing) a mask on the face, as well as to check whether it is possible to classify the type of mask on the face. The previously proposed dataset of thermal images was extended and annotated with the description of a type of mask and a location of a mask within a face. Different deep learning models were adapted. The best model for face mask detection turned out to be the Yolov5 model in the “nano” version, reaching mAP higher than 97% and precision of about 95%. High accuracy was also obtained for mask type classification. The best results were obtained for the convolutional neural network model built on an autoencoder initially trained in the thermal image reconstruction problem. The pretrained encoder was used to train a classifier which achieved an accuracy of 91%.

  • MASTERPLAN SKUTECZNYM NARZĘDZIEM PLANOWANIA DZIELNIC
    • Weronika Mazurkiewicz
    2023 Przegląd Komunalny

    Przy równocześnie trwających pracach nad zmianą ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym oraz niektórych innych ustaw wydaje się być zasadne poszukiwanie rozwiązań sprzyjających zahamowaniu dalszej degradacji przestrzeni niekoniecznie określonych ramami ustawowymi i prawem. Artykuł jest próbą ukazania zastosowania pozaustawowego dokumentu, jakim jest masterplan w polskich ramach planistycznych w celu kreowania spójnych wizji przestrzennych dla dzielnic i całościowych struktur przestrzennych. Od kilku lat toczy się dyskusja prowadzona przez samorządowców, urbanistów, środowiska naukowe, inwestorów i mieszkańców na temat zmian w systemie planowania przestrzennego oraz racjonalnej polityki przestrzennej w Polsce. Mamy też do czynienia zkryzysem przestrzennym narastającym od wielu lat, skutkującym m.in. rozlewaniem się miast, chaosem przestrzennym i rozproszeniem zabudowy, która często ma charakter niekompletny, gniazdowy i przypadkowy. Wydaje się, że propozycja zmiany ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym w obecnej formie nie rozwiązuje wszystkich niedoskonałości prawa, szeroko komentowanych w ostatnich latach. Nie znaczy to jednak, że chaos przestrzenny musi dalej postępować. Jednym z rozwiązań stosowanych nieobligatoryjnie (niewymaganych ustawowo) jest stosowanie interdyscyplinarnych strategicznych dokumentów planistycznych, które określają zasady przygotowania i realizacji działań inwestycyjnych i nieinwestycyjnych. Wydaje się to być dobrym rozwiązaniem służącym kreowaniu elastycznych wizji rozwoju struktur przestrzennych oraz koordynacji kształtowania różnych dzielnic w mieście. Masterplan to najpopularniejsza nazwa dokumentu zawierającego kompleksową wizję danego terenu (spotykane nazwy narzędzi o podobnym zastosowaniu to m.in.: ministrategie rozwoju dzielnic, plany generalne dzielnic, strategie rozwoju dzielnic). Dokument ten od dawna jest stosowany w praktyce projektowej w Europie, w Polsce zaś stosunkowo krótko. Używane powszechnie za granicą nazwa, zawartość, forma oraz praktyka stosowania masterplanów to powód, dla którego w artykule wyróżniono tenże instrument spośród kilku innych o podobnym charakterze.

  • Materiały poliuretanowe o zmniejszonej palności otrzymane z udziałem biomasy ligninocelulozowej
    • Kamila Gosz
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Poliuretany są uniwersalnymi materiałami inżynierskimi o szerokim zakresie zastosowań, ponieważ ich właściwości można łatwo regulować stosując różne kombinacje składników. W ostatnich latach dużą uwagę zwraca się na efektywne wykorzystanie surowców ze źródeł odnawialnych jako substytutów dla zasobów kopalnych. Wynika to nie tylko z obaw o przyszłe braki w dostawach ropy naftowej, ale również z powodu większego zapotrzebowania na produkty bardziej przyjazne środowisku. Upłynniona biomasa ligninocelulozowa jest bogata w grupy hydroksylowe i uważa się, że może stanowić potencjalny surowiec do przygotowania żywic poliuretanowych. Z drugiej strony poliuretany są materiałem łatwopalnym. Opracowanie żywicy poliuretanowej z wykorzystaniem biomasy ligninocelulozowej o zmniejszonej palności stanowi bardzo ważny aspekt społeczny. W przedstawionej rozprawie doktorskiej jako środki zmniejszające palność wykorzystano włókno bazaltowe w postaci maty i uniepalniacz z wysoką zawartością fosforu co pozwoliło uzyskać uniepalnione materiały poliuretanowe o zadawalających właściwościach mechanicznych.

  • Mathematical modelling: Lessons from composite indicators
    • Marta Kuc-Czarnecka
    • Andrea Saltelli,
    2023

    We discuss here composite indicators as mathematical models, which can be looked at through the lenses of the five rules discussed in this volume. Composite indicators sit between analysis and advocacy, and their use has social and political implications. For this reason, the lenses of the manifesto can be used to build them better, to make them more transparent, as well as to inspect incumbent indicators for methodological or normative inadequacies.

  • Matrix Strengthening the Identification of Observations with Split Functional Models in the Squared Msplit(q) Estimation Process
    • Marek Zienkiewicz
    • Pawel S. Dąbrowski
    2023 MEASUREMENT

    This article addresses the issue of raising the level of identification of observations with either single or more split functional models in the squared Msplit(q) estimation process. The theoretical part of the study presents the theoretical grounds for the classical method for estimating parameters in a split functional model and proposes a modification of the computational algorithm to increase the quality of the determinations obtained. Theoretical considerations were verified through numerical tests concerning, e.g. issues of geodetic surveying practice and civil engineering.

  • Maximum transportation growth in energy and solute particles in Prandtl martial across a vertical 3D-heated surface: Simulations achieved using by finite element approach
    • Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
    • Marek Krawczuk
    • Wasim Jamshed
    2023 COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS

    The goal of this study is to determine the maximum energy and solute particles' transportation growth in a 3D-heated region of Prandtl martial through a dynamic magnetic field. The effects of this field on the properties of solvent molecules and heat conduction are studied. A correctly stated functional method and a finite element approach are comparable to a certain type of differential equations. In order demonstrate the effects of various factors such as mass diffusion, heat generation, and thermal diffusivity on the investigation of the diffusion coefficient and thermal mass in a three-dimensional Newtonian flow, the study of viscous and heat conduction rates is presented. The results show that the comparisons of hybrid nanofluid and with base fluid and w.r.t Local skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number.

  • M-BDC (M = Co and/ or Fe) MOFs as effective catalysts for hydrogen generation via hydrolysis of sodium borohydride
    • Maria Alaide de Oliveira
    • Elibe Silva Souza
    • Jildimara de Jesus Santana
    • Natalia Łukasik
    • Bárbara Stefany Lima da Silva
    • Bráulio Silva Barros
    • Joanna Kulesza
    2023 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE

    Mono- (Co-BDC, Fe-BDC) and bimetallic FeCo-BDC Metal-Organic Frameworks are successfully synthesized by the solvothermal method in DMF at 150 °C within 15 h and tested as catalysts for sodium borohydride hydrolysis. The materials are characterized by FTIR, PXRD, TGA, ICP-OES, H2-TPR, BET model, and SEM-EDS. The catalytic activity of these materials is studied for dehydrogenation of sodium borohydride in water at various temperatures under basic conditions. Among tested catalysts, the most promising is Co-BDC, which provides hydrogen generation with a good rate of 1886.8 mL min−1 gcat−1 at 319 K and high efficiency (77.7 %) in the presence of a base. The activation energy determined as 25.4 kJ mol−1 is lower than most cobalt-bearing catalysts for NaBH4 hydrolysis described in the literature. The catalyst can be reused at least ten times, keeping a good overall hydrogen generation yield, and thus can be considered a promising candidate for portable hydrogen fuel systems.

  • Measuring the effectiveness of digital communication - social media performance: an example of the role played by AI-assisted tools at a university
    • Edyta Gołąb-Andrzejak
    2023 Pełny tekst

    The aim of the article is to show the role played by AI-powered tools in measuring the effectiveness of digital communication in social media using a university case study. Therefore, a research problem was formulated to identify the metrics (KPIs) used to measure the effectiveness – non-financial outcomes – of digital social media communication at the university using AI tools. The literature review on the role of AI in digital marketing in social media showed that it is used, inter alia, to measure the effectiveness of digital communication – social performance. The importance of KPIs in digital marketing – indicators for measuring non-financial performance – and the presentation of tools used to analyse the effectiveness of social media campaigns were based on a case study of a higher education institution in Poland. With the application of AI tools (such as ContentStudio, HelloWoofy or Sotrender etc.), it is possible to automate analytical processes for KPIs such as reach, engagement, content or customer service, among others, as well as systematic reporting. This, in turn, provides opportunities to systematically monitor and make improvements to the implemented social media marketing communication strategy – to create a kind of Decision Support System (DSS) to support the aforementioned process. The study is introductory and exploratory in nature. It indicates the importance of tools using AI in business practice – using the case study of a university as an example.

  • Mechanical and structural behavior of high-strength low-alloy steel pad welded by underwater wet welding conditions
    • Rassim Younes
    • Jacek Tomków
    • Idir Abdelhak
    • Mohand Amokrane Bradai
    2023 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

    The aim of the paper was to determine the metallurgical and mechanical behaviors of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel pad-welded specimen used in the structures of industrial and naval parts. Then to predict the metallurgical consequences (nature of the phases present) and the mechanical properties (hardness and impact strength) of the pad-welded steel obtained by underwater wet welding with different heat input values. The XRD patterns clearly reveal a ferritic alpha steel S460N for both parameters. The ferritic quantification is above 70 wt% for low-alloy steel. The welded specimens are characterized by the presence of different phases. In a specimen performed with higher heat input, the complex oxide Mn2TiO4 was found to be around 7 wt%. Moreover, the solid solution formed with iron and manganese was observed. The hardness results obtained by indentation showed that the higher heat input resulted in higher hardness values (54 HRC) than for specimen performed with lower parameters (45 HRC). The impact test showed that the toughness of both pad-welded layers is greater than the toughness of the base material (40 kV for S2 and 34 kV for S1 about 27 kV for low-alloy steel). Moreover, it was observed that higher heat input results in increasing the impact strength of pad welds.

  • Mechanical Properties and Wear Susceptibility Determined by Nanoindentation Technique of Ti13Nb13Zr Titanium Alloy after “Direct Laser Writing”
    • Magdalena Jażdżewska
    • Beata Majkowska-Marzec
    • Andrzej Zieliński
    • Roman Ostrowski
    • Aleksandra Frączek
    • Gabriela Karwowska
    • Jean-marc Olive
    2023 Pełny tekst Materials

    Laser treatment has often been applied to rebuild the surface layer of titanium and its alloys destined for long-term implants. Such treatment has always been associated with forming melted and re-solidified thin surface layers. The process parameters of such laser treatment can be different, including the patterning of a surface by so-called direct writing. In this research, pulse laser treatment was performed on the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy surface, with the distance between adjacent laser paths ranging between 20 and 50 µm. The obtained periodic structures were tested to examine the effects of the scan distance on the microstructure using SEM, the roughness and chemical and phase composition using EDS and XRD, and the mechanical properties using the nanoindentation technique. After direct laser writing, the thickness of the melted layers was between 547 and 123 µm, and the surface roughness varied between 1.74 and 0.69 µm. An increase in hardness was observed after laser treatment. The highest hardness, 5.44 GPa, was obtained for the sample modified with a laser beam spacing of 50 µm. The value of the distance has been shown to be important for several properties and related to a complex microstructure of the thin surface layer close to and far from the laser path.

  • Mechanical Properties of Twisted Carbon Nanotube Bundles with Carbon Linkers from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
    • Andrea Pedrielli
    • Maurizio Dapor
    • Konstantinos Gkagkas
    • Simone Taioli
    • Nicola Maria Pugno
    2023 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    The manufacturing of high-modulus, high-strength fibers is of paramount importance for real-world, high-end applications. In this respect, carbon nanotubes represent the ideal candidates for realizing such fibers. However, their remarkable mechanical performance is difficult to bring up to the macroscale, due to the low load transfer within the fiber. A strategy to increase such load transfer is the introduction of chemical linkers connecting the units, which can be obtained, for example, using carbon ion-beam irradiation. In this work, we investigate, via molecular dynamics simulations, the mechanical properties of twisted nanotube bundles in which the linkers are composed of interstitial single carbon atoms. We find a significant interplay between the twist and the percentage of linkers. Finally, we evaluate the suitability of two different force fields for the description of these systems: the dihedral-angle-corrected registry-dependent potential, which we couple for non-bonded interaction with either the AIREBO potential or the screened potential ReboScr2. We show that both of these potentials show some shortcomings in the investigation of the mechanical properties of bundles with carbon linkers.

  • Mechanika kontaktu w charakteryzowaniu materiałów inżynierskich
    • Alicja Stanisławska
    2023

    W pierwszej części pracy przedstawiono teoretyczne podstawy mechaniki kontaktu. Omówiono model kontaktu Hertza opisujący zależność pomiędzy obciążeniem przyłożonym do kulistego wgłębnika i jego przemieszczeniem. W dalszej części scharakteryzowano modele niehertzowskie, w których pod uwagę bierze się siły adhezji. Przedstawiono dwa modele uwzględniające adhezyjne przyciąganie sferycznego wgłębnika i podłoża, tj. model Johnsona, Kendalla i Robertsa (JKR), wykorzystujący równowagę pomiędzy zmagazynowaną energią sprężystą a utratą energii powierzchniowej pomiędzy kulistym wgłębnikiem i powierzchnią płaską, oraz model sprężystego kontaktu Derjaguina–Mullera–Toporowa (DMT). Model JKR uwzględnia wpływ nacisku kontaktowego i adhezji tylko wewnątrz obszaru kontaktu, natomiast model DMT uwzględnia dodatkowo siły przyciągania występujące pomiędzy ciałami, które oddziałują także poza strefą kontaktu. W dalszej części monografii zaprezentowano modele dla płaskich powierzchni biorące pod uwagę ich chropowatość. Opisano teorię Greenwooda i Williamsona (GW), która zakłada, że wysokości nierówności mają rozkład gaussowski, a odkształcenie nierówności jest opisane modelem Hertza, oraz teorie Greenwooda i Trippa. Następnie przedstawiono matematyczny opis odkształcania materiału przy jego kontakcie z wgłębnikiem w kształcie stożka, zaprezentowany przez Sneddona. W kolejnym rozdziale omówiono różne metody pomiaru twardości materiałów: Brinella, Meyera, Vickersa, Knoopa, Martensa i Rockwella. Następny rozdział opisuje metodę indentacji. Scharakteryzowano w nim naprężenia i odkształcenia w materiale podczas penetracji przez kulisty i ostry wgłębnik, sposoby określania twardości i sztywności materiału, opisano efekt skali występujący dla małych przemieszczeń wgłębnika, a także sposób wyznaczania gęstości dyslokacji występujących w materiale i ich mobilności. Rozdział ten zawiera też omówienie sposobu wyznaczania współczynnika umocnienia odkształceniowego, krytycznego współczynnika intensywności naprężeń oraz naprężeń własnych przy wykorzystaniu testu indentacji. Znajdują się tu również informacje na temat testu zarysowania. Ostatni rozdział przedstawia wyniki prac naukowych, których autorka jest współautorem, i wyniki badań własnych jeszcze nieopublikowanych, które zostały uzyskane za pomocą indentera.

  • Mechanism of antifreeze protein functioning and the “anchored clathrate water” concept
    • Jan Zielkiewicz
    2023 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS

    In liquid water, there is a natural tendency to form aggregates that consist of water molecules linked by hydrogen bonds. Such spontaneously formed aggregates are surrounded by a "sea" of disordered water molecules, with both forms remaining in equilibrium. The process of creating water aggregates also takes place in the solvation water of proteins, but in this case the interactions of water molecules with the protein surface shift the equilibrium of the process. In this paper, we analyze the structural properties of the solvation water in antifreeze proteins (AFPs). The results of molecular dynamics analysis with the use of various parameters related to the structure of solvation water on the protein surface are presented. We found that in the vicinity of the active region responsible for the binding of AFPs to ice, the equilibrium is clearly shifted towards the formation of "ice-like aggregates", and the solvation water has a more ordered ice-like structure. We have demonstrated that a reduction in the tendency to create "ice-like aggregates" results in a significant reduction in the antifreeze activity of the protein. We conclude that shifting the equilibrium in favor of the formation of "ice-like aggregates" in the solvation water in the active region is a prerequisite for the biological functionality of AFPs, at least for AFPs having a well-defined ice binding area. Also, our results fully confirm the validity of the "anchored clathrate water" concept, formulated by Garnham et al. (PNAS, (2011), 108, 7363).

  • Mechanochemically synthesized Mn3O4@β-cyclodextrin mediates efficient electron transfer process for peroxymonosulfate activation
    • Huan Liu
    • Xiaohui Dai
    • Lingshuai Kong
    • Meng Xie
    • Chengji Sui
    • Qianyi Zhang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Przemysław Kowal
    • Bin Cai
    • Jinhua Zhan
    2023 SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

    The rational surface engineering of heterogeneous catalysts is of great significance in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for eliminating refractory contaminants but remains challenging. In this study, β-cyclodextrin modified Mn3O4 (Mn3O4@β-CD) was prepared through a mechanochemical approach for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation, which achieved efficient bisphenol A (BPA) removal via electron transfer process (ETP). The reactive PMS* complex with elevated potential was identified to dominate the ETP by withdrawing electrons from BPA with Mn3O4@β-CD working as electron shuttle, as evidenced by spectroscopy and electrochemical techniques. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed that the β-CD modification enhanced the interfacial accumulation of pollutants and shortened the migration distance between pollutants (electron donor) and catalysts (electron shuttle) to mediate electron transfer more effectively. Benefitting from the improved ETP, the Mn3O4@β-CD/PMS system showed efficient PMS utilization and practical adaptability in actual waterbodies. This study provides a rational approach for modulating the surface structure of heterogeneous catalysts in PMS-based AOPs for environmental remediation.

  • Membrane distillation assisting food production processes of thermally sensitive food liquid items: a review
    • Emilia Gontarek-Castro
    • Roberto Castro Muñoz
    2023 Pełny tekst CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION

    Physical separation technologies have become important tool for processing in the current food manufacturing industries, especially for the products containing bioactive compounds thanks to their health benefits in costumers. As for the processing of bioactive food ingredients implies the implementation of integrated systems oriented to their separation, fractionation, and recovery. In this field, membrane distillation (MD), which is a thermally driven membrane process, has been proposed as an alternative for the separation and concentration of liquid food items. In principle, MD can separate water and volatile compounds from aqueous feed solutions through a permeate that passes across microporous hydrophobic membranes. The separation via MD is thanks to the vapor pressure difference on both membrane sides. In this review, we analyzed the ongoing experimental efforts aimed to recover and purify food bioactive compounds from the concentration of fruit juices and extracts using MD. Also, the processing of dairy products, concentration of food by-products, and ethanol production and its removal from beverages using MD have been reviewed. Additionally, a feedback on the distinct membrane module configurations and membrane requirements for successful operation is addressed.

  • Merging Proline:Xylitol Eutectic Solvent in Crosslinked Chitosan Pervaporation Membranes for Enhanced Water Permeation in Dehydrating Ethanol
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    • Maksymilian Plata-Gryl
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2023 Pełny tekst Membranes

    The scope of this research aims at merging a new deep eutectic mixture (DES) into a biopolymer-based membrane for a pervaporation application in dehydrating ethanol. Herein, an L-proline:xylitol (at 5:1) eutectic mixture was successfully synthesized and blended with chitosan (CS). A complete characterization of the hybrid membranes, in terms of morphology, solvent uptake, and hydrophilicity, has been conducted. As part of their applicability, the blended membranes were assayed for their ability to separate water from ethanolic solutions by means of pervaporation. At the highest temperature (50 °C), a water permeation of ca. 0.46 kg m−2 h−1 was acquired, representing a higher permeation than the pristine CS membranes (ca. 0.37 kg m−2 h−1). Therefore, CS membranes demonstrated an enhanced water permeation thanks to their blending with the hydrophilic L-proline:xylitol agent, making these membranes a good candidate for other separations containing polar solvents.

  • Metaliczne nanostruktury i nanostopy na bazie Au i Ag
    • Robert Kozioł
    2023 Pełny tekst

    W niniejszej rozprawie doktorskiej opisano kontrolowane otrzymywanie metalicznych nanostruktur ze złota i srebra, o pożądanych właściwościach optycznych, w wyniku odwilżania termicznego ultracienkich warstw metalicznych. Pokazano w niej wpływ poszczególnych parametrów wytwarzania na końcowo uzyskiwane właściwości nanostruktur plazmonicznych. Dodatkowo, zaprezentowano skuteczność stosowanej preparatyki w otrzymywaniu jednorodnych nanostruktur stopowych, których właściwości optyczne, w konsekwencji kontroli nad zachodzącymi efektami synergistycznymi, były modulowane w zakresie 100 nm wewnątrz widma światła widzialnego. Co więcej, zaprezentowano również potencjalne zastosowanie otrzymywanych w ten sposób nanostruktur jako czujników w środowiskach ciekłych, demonstrując tym samym ich stabilność. Dodatkowo, zaimplementowano techniki z obszaru technologii informatycznej: symulacje metodą różnic skończonych w dziedzinie czasu do wyznaczenia rozkładu pól elektromagnetycznych w płaszczyźnie wytworzonych nanostruktur; oraz uczenia maszynowego celem predykcji wymaganych parametrów syntezy nanostruktur o żądanych właściwościach optycznych.

  • Metallurgical characterization and high-temperature tensile failure of Inconel 617 alloy welded by GTAW and SMAW—a comparative study
    • Sachin Sirohi
    • Naveen Kumar
    • Amit Kumar
    • Shailesh M. Pandey
    • Balamurugan Adhithan
    • Dariusz Fydrych
    • Chandan Pandey
    2023 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART L-JOURNAL OF MATERIALS-DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS

    Two types of the weld joint of Inconel 617 alloy were produced using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) processes with ERNiCrCoMo-1 filler metal and ENiCrCoMo-1 electrode, respectively. The weld metal showed the segregation of the principle alloying elements like Mo and Cr along the inter-dendritic spaces, triggering the formation of secondary phases. The microstructure characterization of the interface ensured the high dilution, which could be attributed to the closeness in melting point and chemistry of base and filler metal. Microhardness variation, tensile testing at room and high temperature, and Charpy impact test were conducted to investigate the effect of the Mo segregation in the weld zone and heterogeneity in the microstructure of weldments on the mechanical behavior of both the welded joints. The cross-weld tensile tests were conducted at room temperature and 550°C. The tensile test samples failed from the weld zone for each condition with a tensile strength value close to the base metal, which ensured the applicability of the joint for end service. The tensile strength of GTAW-RT, GTAW-HT, SMAW-RT, and SMAW-HT were measured as 766 ± 22 MPa, 570 ± 5 MPa, 760 ± 7 MPa, and 600 ± 8 MPa, respectively. A non-uniform hardness plot was witnessed with the hardness of the GTAW-weld and SMAW-weld zone of 257 ± 8 HV and 285 ± 5 HV, respectively, in the transverse direction. The impact toughness of the weld zone was 84 ± 2 J and 48 ± 4 J for GTAW and SMAW weld zone. The average impact toughness of the GTAW-weld zone was approximately 42% higher than the value of the SMAW-weld zone. In a nutshell, it can be concluded that the welded joint of Inconel 617 produced using the GTAW process with ERNiCrCoMo-1 filler had the best metallurgical and mechanical properties.

  • Metal-Organic Frameworks in Green Analytical Chemistry
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Małgorzata Rutkowska
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Zeraati Malihe
    • Sargaze Ghasem
    • Massoud Kaykhaii
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Taking into consideration the rapid expansion of MOFs applications in the analytical chemistry area, it is important to evaluate the existing and future analytical MOF-based methods according to GAC principles. From this point of view, eco-friendly MOFs-based methods should include features such as: green design and synthesis of MOF, evaluation of toxicity issues of MOFs, and incorporation of MOFs in GAC methods. This Chapter will put particular emphasis on the efforts made on greener synthesis of MOFs and the various routes and methods explored in this regard. In addition, their incorporation into less-harmful analytical chemistry methods is discussed.

  • Metamaterial-Based Series-Fed Antenna with High Gain and Wideband Performance for Millimeter Wave Spectrum Applications
    • Bashar Esmail
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Dustin Isleifson
    2023 Pełny tekst Electronics

    This paper presents a high-gain, wideband series-fed antenna designed for 5G millimeter-wave (MMW) applications. The structure employs a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW)-based power splitter and metamaterials (MMs). The power divider functions effectively at 27.5 GHz, exhibiting an impedance bandwidth from 26.9–28.6 GHz. The series-fed dipole is assembled on the SIW-based power splitter, incorporating four dipoles with varying lengths and spacing. The di-poles are connected in series on both sides, running in parallel through a microstrip line. Effec-tively combining the resonances of the series-fed dipoles and the SIW results in a broad imped-ance bandwidth, ranging from 26.9 GHz to 34.75 GHz. The design offers a gain extending from 9 to 10.5 dBi within the operating bandwidth. To improve gain performance without a substantial increase in antenna size, 11 × 6 MM unit cells have been positioned in front of the antenna. As a result, the proposed antenna achieves a maximum gain of 14.1 dBi at 30.5 GHz while maintaining an operational bandwidth of 7.85 GHz. Additionally, due to the arrangement of the MM-based two series-fed dipoles, the antenna exhibits symmetrical dual-beam E-plane radiation at ±20° at 28 GHz in the end-fire direction. The developed system was experimentally validated and demon-strated excellent agreement between the simulated and measured data.

  • Method for determining of shallow water depths based on data recorded by UAV/USV vehicles and processed using the SVR algorithm
    • Mariusz Specht
    • Bartosz Szostak
    • Oktawia Lewicka
    • Andrzej Stateczny
    • Cezary Specht
    2023 MEASUREMENT

    Bathymetric measurements in waters shallower than 1 m are necessary to monitor seafloor relief changes in the coastal zone. This is especially important for ensuring the safety of navigation, navigation efficiency, as well as during the design and monitoring of hydrotechnical structures. Therefore, the aim of this article is to present a method for determining of shallow water depths based on data recorded by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV), as well as processed using the Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithm. Validation studies of this method was carried out on two selected waterbodies (inland and sea) using the DJI Phantom 4 Real Time Kinematic (RTK) UAV and the AutoDron USV. Then, the geospatial data recorded by a drone was applied to determine depths of shallow waterbodies using the SfM algorithm. Subsequently, the determined depths were compared with the depths measured by a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) RTK receiver or a Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES), in order to assess the accuracy of the proposed method. The research showed that it is able to determine shallow waterbody depths with the accuracy requirements specified for the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44 special order (depth error ≤ 0.25 m (p = 0.95)), but only to depths not exceeding 1 m. In the inland waterbody, the depth accuracy was 0.22–0.24 m (p = 0.95), while in the sea waterbody the measurement accuracy was higher, amounting to 0.16 m (p = 0.95). However, for the depth range up to 2 m, the results are radically different, because the vertical position error with a 95% confidence level exceeds the value of 0.3 m in the analysed waterbodies.

  • Methodology for Performing Bathymetric Measurements of Shallow Waterbodies Using an UAV, and their Processing Based on the SVR Algorithm
    • Bartosz Szostak
    • Mariusz Specht
    • Paweł Burdziakowski
    • Andrzej Stateczny
    • Cezary Specht
    • Oktawia Lewicka
    2023 MEASUREMENT

    State-of-art methods of bathymetric measurements for shallow waterbodies use Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor or satellite imagery. Currently, photogrammetric methods with the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are gathering great importance. This publication aims to present step-by-step methodology for carrying out the bathymetric measurements of shallow waterbodies with the use of UAV-Structure from Motion (SfM) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) algorithms. Proposed model is explained and verified on the basis of measurement campaign on Raduńskie Górne Lake located in Poland. The campaign included GNSS Real Time Kinematic (RTK) bathymetric measurements for robust training dataset and photogrammetric flight pass for SfM point cloud. The presented methodology will allow to perform bathymetric measurements with the accuracy provided for the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Special Order (horizontal position error ≤ 2 m (p=0.95), vertical position error ≤ 0.25 m (p=0.95)).

  • Methodology of experimental research on efficiency of hydro-mechanical automatic gearbox
    • Piotr Patrosz
    • Paweł Załuski
    • Marcin Bąk
    • Paweł Śliwiński
    • Mykola Karpenko
    2023 Pełny tekst

    The article shortly describes the design and principle of operation of the hydromechanical gearbox and presents the methodology and design of test stands used for testing hydromechanical proto-type gearbox developed at Technical University of Gdansk. The article presents an approach according to which, in order to obtain reliable measurement data, it is necessary to separate the tests of the hydraulic and mechanical parts of the gearbox. For this reason, the tests of the pump and the hydraulic motor are also presented. To validate this approach sample test results are in-cluded and discussed.

  • Methods of Cyclist Training in Europe
    • Joanna Wachnicka
    • Alicja Jarczewska
    • Giuseppina Pappalardo
    2023 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    The following study aims to address the issue of cyclist training methodologies. Recent European bicycle accident statistics reveal a troubling upward trend. A potential solution to mitigate such incidents involves providing cyclists with comprehensive training encompassing traffic regulations and interactions with fellow road users. We conducted a comparative analysis of the cycling education approaches and cyclist training systems in several countries, including the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, England, Slovenia, Poland, and Italy. This analysis underscored the importance of standardizing training protocols and criteria across Europe. The training model should draw inspiration from countries with well-established cycling cultures and serve as a foundation for harmonizing training practices.

  • Metoda diagnostyki cieplno-przepływowej turbin parowych wykorzystująca elementy algorytmów genetycznych
    • Marta Drosińska-Komor
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Rozprawa doktorska poświęcona jest opisowi budowania metody diagnostyki cieplno-przepływowej z wykorzystaniem elementów algorytmów genetycznych. Do tworzenia założeń i algorytmów metody posłużono się przykładem funkcjonowania bloku elektrowni kondensacyjnej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem układu łopatkowego turbiny parowej. Celem pracy jest zbudowanie metody diagnostyki cieplno-przepływowej. Zadaniem metody jest przeprowadzenie procesu diagnozy dla pogorszonych parametrów eksploatacyjnych procesu przemian energetycznych bloku energetycznego (np. sprawności) polegająca na detekcji, lokalizacji i identyfikacji przyczyn degradacji urządzeń składowych bloku energetycznego. Motywacją do podjęcia badań jest coraz ważniejsza rola procedur diagnostycznych w eksploatacji obiektów energetycznych Zbudowana w trakcie pracy kwalifikacyjnej metoda diagnostyczna poszukiwania niesprawności i uszkodzeń jest przewidziana do użycia tylko w procedowaniu off-line. Badania nad zastosowaniem metod algorytmów genetycznych dla celów diagnostyki cieplno-przepływowej pokazały, że nie można użyć klasycznego algorytmu genetycznego do wykrywania degradacji wielokrotnych. Intensywne badania wykorzystujące symulacje degradacji eksploatacyjnej turbin doprowadziły do modyfikacji jednego z elementów algorytmu genetycznego – procesu selekcji. Wyniki badań umożliwiły zbudowanie nowej metody diagnostycznej pozwalającej na przeprowadzenie z dobrą dokładnością procesu lokalizacji i identyfikacji przyczyn degradacji wielokrotnych występujących potencjalnie w turbinach parowych.

  • Metoda obliczania skutków wdrożenia strategii zarządzania popytem na energię elektryczną (DSM/DSR) w systemach elektroenergetycznych
    • Wiktoria Stahl
    2023 Pełny tekst

    W niniejszej rozprawie poruszono zagadnienie strategii zarządzania popytem na energię elektryczną (DSM/DSR) i sposobów obliczania efektów ich wdrożenia. W związku z tym opisano oczekiwane efekty wdrożenia tych rozwiązań oraz ich zalety i wady. Zaprezentowano i przeanalizowano istniejące już metody obliczania skutków wdrożenia DSM/DSR. Zaproponowano nową metodę, która poprzez formę algorytmu uporządkowuje proces obliczania i oceny efektów realizacji tych rozwiązań. W ramach metody zaproponowano także zestaw wskaźników opisujących efekty wdrożenia DSM/DSR. Ponadto, metoda pozwala na symulowanie i prognozowanie spodziewanych rezultatów poprzez wykorzystanie symulacji Monte Carlo i modelów ekonometrycznych. Przy pomocy modeli, przedstawiono także czynniki mogące mieć wpływ na powodzenie realizacji strategii zarządzania popytem. W rozprawie przedstawiono również przykład obliczeniowy z wykorzystaniem zaproponowanej metody. Przykład oparty jest na zgromadzonych danych dotyczących preferencji odbiorców w sprawie realizacji strategii zarządzania popytem na energię elektryczną. W ramach obliczeń symulacyjnych przedstawiono potencjał realizacji rozwiązań DSM/DSR w Polsce.

  • Metodologia i metodyka odtworzenia stolarki okiennej w zabytkowych obiektach na przykładzie Muzeum Bursztynu w Wielkim Młynie w Gdańsku
    • Ksenia Piątkowska
    • Elżbieta Ratajczyk-Piątkowska
    • Katarzyna Darecka
    2023 Pełny tekst Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

    W artykule przedstawiono metodologię i metodykę odtworzenia stolarki okiennej w obiekcie zabytkowym, o zachowanej średniowiecznej formie, przy realizacji Muzeum Bursztynu w Wielkim Młynie w Gdańsku. Omówiono wyniki wykonanych badań w tym zakresie i decyzje projektowe odtworzenia okien. Opisano wpływ współczesnych wymagań dotyczących stolarki w obiektach muzealnych na jej kształt i formę. Wykonane dla Muzeum Bursztynu okna są autorską syntezą historii Wielkiego Młyna przedstawiającą współcześnie elewacje ze stolarką okienną w konfiguracji, w której prawdopodobnie nigdy nie istniała, ale która w pełni ilustruje jego przeszłość zgodnie z obecnym stanem wiedzy na temat faz rozwoju obiektu oraz obowiązujących wymagań techniczno-użytkowych.