2016 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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PUBLIC SOURCES OF FINANCE FOR CULTURE AS AN ELEMENT OF CULTURAL SECURITY IN POLAND
- Katarzyna Kubiszewska
2016 Pełny tekst
Culture is an important element of the country, playing an important role both for its security and the economy. It cannot be only seen as a cost-creating sector, but may be a significant factor in economic development. For this to happen, it is necessary to create a system of financing this economic sector. This article’s aim is to analyze the use of funds from public sources in Poland to finance culture-related activities. The analyses were based on data obtained from GUS, for the period of 2003 – 2014. Within the time period studied in this paper, expenditure on culture increased threefold, and as a share of total spending, exceeded 3% in 2014. The period of economic slowdown after 2009 brought with it less growth in expenditure on culture, which confirms that there is a relationship between expenditure on culture and GDP.
Quality of Analytical Results: Classifiying Errors and Estimating Measurement Uncertainty
- Piotr Konieczka
2016
The most important parameter of each analytical result is its reliability. An analytical result is not a constant value; each result has two properties, error and uncertainty. The sources of both these parameters have to be known and their values determined (estimated). All analytical results are obtained by applying an appropriate measuring procedure. The need for reliable results requires application of reliable analytical procedures, from sampling to final determination.
Quantifying wage effects of offshoring: import- versus export-based measures of production fragmentation
- Joanna Wolszczak-Derlacz
- Aleksandra Parteka
2016 Pełny tekst Economics and Business Review
In this paper we examine the implications of international fragmentation of production on wages in the light of recent methodological developments in offshoring measurement. In particular, we compare the results stemming from two ways of quantifying offshoring – the traditional one based on import statistics and the one obtained from the decomposition of gross exports and input-output information. In the empirical part of our study, we estimate the extended version of wage equation, rooted in the Ricardian model of skills, tasks and technologies where skill specific wages are explained by industry-specific measures of capital, skill supply and offshoring indices. The analysis is performed for a large panel (40 countries, 1995–2011 and 13 manufacturing industries). The results of the FE setting indicate that regardless the way offshoring is measured it is negatively associated with wages. However, when the endogeneity is accounted for, this negative association is sustained only for the export-based measures.
Quantum communication complexity advantage implies violation of a Bell inequality
- Harry Buhrman
- Łukasz Czekaj
- Andrzej Grudka
- Michał Horodecki
- Paweł Horodecki
- Marcin Markiewicz
- Florian Speelman
- Sergii Strelchuk
2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
We obtain a general connection between a quantum advantage in communication complexity and non-locality. We show that given any protocol offering a (sufficiently large) quantum advantage in communication complexity, there exists a way of obtaining measurement statistics which violate some Bell inequality. Our main tool is port-based teleportation. If the gap between quantum and classical communication complexity can grow arbitrarily large, the ratio of the quantum value to the classical value of the Bell quantity becomes unbounded with the increase in the number of inputs and outputs.
Quaternion encryption methods for multimedia transmission, a survey of existing approaches
- Mariusz Dzwonkowski
- Roman Rykaczewski
2016 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
In this paper we review quaternion encryption methods for multimedia transmission. We explain their weak and strong properties as well as suggest possible modifications. Our main focus is an algorithm QFC presented in paper by Dzwonkowski et al. (2015). All encryption methods, presented in this paper, use special properties of quaternions to perform rotations of data sequences in 3D space. Each method uses a common key generation algorithm (to form an infinite key space), as well as a modular arithmetic for operations with quaternions. A computer-based analysis has been carried out for all encryption methods. The obtained results are discussed at the end of this paper.
RACIAL COMPOSITION OF COMMUNITIES AND PARTICIPATION OF ADOLESCENTS
- Grzegorz Bulczak
2016
The investigation used the Add Health data set to examine the association between communities’ composition with respect to race and participation in extracurricular school activities in secondary education. Results of this analysis show that the composition of adolescents’ communities matters for individuals’ participation outcomes in extracurricular school activities. The results find further support in previous research connecting community heterogeneity to reduced propensity to participate in social activities including education (Alesina and La Ferrara 2000). The findings support the previously discussed argument that the effect of composition is stronger in groups or activities where interaction between individuals is likely to be more frequent. This is also in line with the idea that individuals have a preference to interact with similar types (Jackson 2009). This research opens many avenues for further research. Of particular interest would be to examine the role of frequency or the intensity of interactions in determining participation decisions. In this paper the role of communities' racial composition in determining participation outcomes is examined. Adolescents' participation is likely to influence network formation and to have a positive impact on other outcomes linked to human capital, development of social skills and social capital. This research provides evidence suggesting that racial composition of communities affects adolescents’ participation in school extracurricular activities. This research carefully addresses problems related to sorting within communities and selection into schools.
Radio Channel Measurements in Body-to-Body Communications in Different Scenarios
- Sławomir Ambroziak
- Luis M. Correia
- Kenan Turbić
2016
This paper presents body-to-body radio channel measurements at the 2.45 GHz band, for different body motion scenarios and on-body antenna placements, and both indoor and outdoor environments. Measurement equipment, investigated scenarios and considered environments are described, an initial analysis of results being presented. The mean path loss and the standard deviation depend on the mutual location of transmitting and receiving antennas, type of dynamic scenarios and investigated environments. In general, the lowest mean path loss value (below 57 dB) is obtained for the scenario where two bodies are walking in the same direction along parallel routes and the distance in between bodies equals 1 m; in contrast, the highest value (over 70 dB) is observed for the scenario where both bodies depart from each other being turned back to back. Moreover, the highest standard deviation value (over 13 dB) is obtained for scenarios with antennas mounted on the wrists, which are the most movable parts of the body while walking, and the lowest value (around 2 dB) has been measured for antennas mounted on the head.
Radio Channel Measurements in Body-to-Body Communications in Different Scenarios
- Sławomir Ambroziak
- Luis M. Correia
- Kenan Turbić
2016
This paper presents body-to-body radio channel measurements at the 2.45 GHz band, for different body motion scenarios and on-body antenna placements, and both indoor and outdoor environments. Measurement equipment, investigated scenarios and considered environments are described, an initial analysis of results being presented. The mean path loss and the standard deviation depend on the mutual location of transmitting and receiving antennas, type of dynamic scenarios and investigated environments. In general, the lowest mean path loss value (below 57 dB) is obtained for the scenario where two bodies are walking in the same direction along parallel routes and the distance in between bodies equals 1 m; in contrast, the highest value (over 70 dB) is observed for the scenario where both bodies depart from each other being turned back to back. Moreover, the highest standard deviation value (over 13 dB) is obtained for scenarios with antennas mounted on the wrists, which are the most movable parts of the body while walking, and the lowest value (around 2 dB) has been measured for antennas mounted on the head.
Radiokomunikacyjny system do szybkiej transmisji danych w morskiej strefie A1
- Małgorzata Gajewska
- Sławomir Gajewski
- Ryszard Katulski
- Jacek Stefański
2016
W referacie przedstawiono ogólną koncepcję systemu radiokomunikacyjnego, przeznaczonego do szybkiej transmisji danych w morskiej strefie przybrzeżnej A1. Scharakteryzowano zastosowaną technologię transmisji sygnałów bazującą na technice OFDMA oraz warunki propagacji sygnałów w środowiskach typu brzeg-morze oraz brzeg-powietrze nad akwenem morskim. Ponadto opisano przyjętą metodykę projektowania interfejsu radiowego OFDMA oraz wyniki analizy efektywności transmisji.
Rak trzustki – przyczyny oporności na chemioterapię
- Barbara Borowa-Mazgaj
2016 Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej
Mimo ogromnego postępu jaki dokonał się w ciągu ostatnich dekad w diagnostyce, leczeniu i zapobieganiu wielu typom nowotworów, współczynnik przeżywalności w przypadku raka trzustki nadal pozostaje bardzo niski. Rak trzustki należy do bardzo źle rokujących i opornych na leczenie nowotworów. Wynika to w głównej mierze z braku skutecznej diagnostyki na wczesnym etapie rozwoju nowotworu oraz nieefektywnej terapii. U większości pacjentów choroba jest diagnozowana w stadium zaawansowanym, z przerzutami i tylko 15-20% chorych kwalifikuje się do chirurgicznego usunięcia guza, które wciąż pozostaje jedyną szansą na całkowite wyleczenie. Badania ostatnich lat nie przyniosły znacznego postępu w leczeniu, a standardowo stosowanym lekiem wciąż pozostaje gemcytabina lub jej kombinacje z innymi chemioterapeutykami, takimi jak erlotinib, czy kapecytabina. Mimo bardzo dobrego poznania mechanizmów śmierci komórkowej indukowanych w wyniku działania gemcytabiny i innych stosowanych chemioterapeutyków, ich skuteczność jest ograniczona, ze względu na nabywanie przez komórki nowotworowe trzustki lekooporności. Do tej pory większość mechanizmów oporności badana była pod kątem mutacji w licznych genach, podstawowych do prawidłowego funkcjonowania szlaków sygnalizacyjnych w zmienionej nowotworowo komórce. Jednak ostatnie badania sugerują istotną rolę mikrośrodowiska guza w rozwoju i utrzymaniu oporności na klasycznie stosowane chemioterapeutyki i terapie celowane. Lekooporność raka trzustki wynika z wielu mechanizmów, do których można zaliczyć: mutacje w głównych dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania komórki genach, nieprawidłową ekspresję genów, rozregulowanie podstawowych szlaków sygnalizacyjnych oraz szlaków apoptozy, zdolność do tranzycji epitelialno-mezenchymalnej (EMT), nasilony proces angiogenezy, występowanie populacji nowotworowych komórek macierzystych, czy obecność we wnętrzu guza hipoksyjnego mikrośrodowiska.
Raman investigation of the patina layers on Hungarian copper ingots from a fifteenth century shipwreck
- Iwona Żmuda-Trzebiatowska
- Katarzyna Shaefer
- Aneta Sokołowska
- Irena Rodzik
- Jakub Karczewski
- Gerard Śliwiński
2016 JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
We report results of the patina study of underwater archeological finding ofmedieval copper objects performed by means of the Raman and complementary spectroscopic techniques. The objects were found submerged in the sea as cargo part of the ship which sunk in the Gulf of Gdańsk in 1408. The excavated collection consists of 230 oval ingots of the size and mass up to about 60 cm and 18 kg (total of 2 tons), respectively. In the Raman spectra of the strongly porous ingot encrustation, the bands corresponding to the main patina representatives such as cuprite (Cu2O), atacamite (Cu2(OH)3Cl) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), and also chalcocite (Cu2S) and covellite (CuS) are observed and confirmed by the elemental analysis. Raman bands located at 1473 cm1 and also at 909 and 511 cm1 are ascribed to the organic Ca-oxalate (whewellite, CaC2O4 ·H2O) in agreement with the infrared spectra and surface morphology observed in microscope images. The presence of S, C, Ca, and Fe revealed by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicate on patina components resulting from reactions in the microbial environment in seawater and on contributions coming from iron bars, tar, and burnt remains which were also found in the excavated cargo. The results are consistent with literature data on copper ingots from Hungary traded along the south–north route in medieval Europe.
Randomness Amplification under Minimal Fundamental Assumptions on the Devices
- Ravishankar Ramanathan
- Fernando Brandão
- Karol Horodecki
- Michał Horodecki
- Paweł Horodecki
- Hanna Wojewódka
2016 Pełny tekst PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Recently, the physically realistic protocol amplifying the randomness of Santha-Vazirani sources producing cryptographically secure random bits was proposed; however, for reasons of practical relevance, the crucial question remained open regarding whether this can be accomplished under the minimal conditions necessary for the task. Namely, is it possible to achieve randomness amplification using only two no-signaling components and in a situation where the violation of a Bell inequality only guarantees that some outcomes of the device for specific inputs exhibit randomness? Here, we solve this question and present a device-independent protocol for randomness amplification of Santha-Vazirani sources using a device consisting of two nonsignaling components. We show that the protocol can amplify any such source that is not fully deterministic into a fully random source while tolerating a constant noise rate and prove the composable security of the protocol against general no-signaling adversaries. Our main innovation is the proof that even the partial randomness certified by the two-party Bell test [a single input-output pair (u∗, x∗) for which the conditional probability P(x∗|u∗) is bounded away from 1 for all no-signaling strategies that optimally violate the Bell inequality] can be used for amplification. We introduce the methodology of a partial tomographic procedure on the empirical statistics obtained in the Bell test that ensures that the outputs constitute a linear min-entropy source of randomness. As a technical novelty that may be of independent interest, we prove that the Santha-Vazirani source satisfies an exponential concentration property given by a recently discovered generalized Chernoff bound.
Rapid Assays for Specific Detection of Fungi of Scopulariopsis and Microascus Genera and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Species
- Milena Kordalewska
- Tomasz Jagielski
- Anna Brillowska-Dąbrowska
2016 Pełny tekst MYCOPATHOLOGIA
Purpose Fungi of Scopulariopsis and Microascus genera cause a wide range of infections, with S. brevicaulis being the most prevalent aetiological agent of mould onychomycosis. Proper identification of these pathogens requires sporulating culture, which considerably delays the diagnosis. So far, sequencing of rDNA regions of clinical isolates has produced ambiguous results due to the lack of reference sequences in publicly available databases. Thus, there is a clear need for the development of new molecular methods that would provide simple, rapid and highly specific identification of Scopulariopsis and Microascus species. The objective of this study was to develop simple and fast assays based on PCR and real-time PCR for specific detection of fungi from Scopulariopsis and Microascus genera, and separately, S. brevicaulis species.
Rapid design optimization of antennas using variable-fidelity EM models and adjoint sensitivities
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
2016 ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS
Purpose – Development of techniques for expedited design optimization of complex and numerically expensive electromagnetic (EM) simulation models of antenna structures validated both numerically and experimentally. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The optimization task is performed using a technique that combines gradient search with adjoint sensitivities, trust region framework, as well as EM simulation models with various levels of fidelity (coarse, medium and fine). Adaptive procedure for switching between the models of increasing accuracy in the course of the optimization process is implemented. Numerical and experimental case studies are provided to validate correctness of the design approach. Findings – Appropriate combination of suitable design optimization algorithm embedded in a trust region framework, as well as model selection techniques, allows for considerable reduction of the antenna optimization cost compared to conventional methods. Research limitations/implications – The study demonstrates feasibility of EM-simulation-driven design optimization of antennas at low computational cost. The presented techniques reach beyond the common design approaches based on direct optimization of EM models using conventional gradientbased or derivative-free methods, particularly in terms of reliability and reduction of the computational costs of the design processes. Originality/value – Simulation-driven design optimization of contemporary antenna structures is very challenging when high-fidelity EM simulations are utilized for performance utilization of structure at hand. The proposed variable-fidelity optimization technique with adjoint sensitivity and trust regions permits rapid optimization of numerically demanding antenna designs (here, dielectric resonator antenna and compact monopole), which cannot be achieved when conventional methods are of use. The design cost of proposed strategy is up to 60 percent lower than direct optimization exploiting adjoint sensitivities. Experimental validation of the results is also provided.
Rapid EM-driven antenna dimension scaling through inverse modeling
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
- Leifsson Leifur
2016 IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters
In this letter, a computationally feasible technique for dimension scaling of antenna structures is introduced. The proposed methodology is based on inverse surrogate modeling where the geometry parameters of the antenna structure of interest are explicitly related to the operating frequency. The surrogate model is identified based on a few antenna designs optimized for selected reference frequencies. For the sake of computational efficiency, the reference designs are obtained at the level of the coarse-discretization electromagnetic (EM) simulation antenna model. An appropriate correction allows us to elevate the inverse surrogate to the level of the high-fidelity EM model and, thus, utilize it for determining the dimensions of the scaled design. Having the inverse model established, the dimension scaling process requires just a single evaluation of the antenna at a fine discretization (carried out at the correction stage). Our approach is demonstrated using two examples: a dielectric resonator antenna, and an enhanced-bandwidth patch antenna.
Rapid Microwave Design Optimization in Frequency Domain Using Adaptive Response Scaling
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
2016 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES
In this paper, a novel methodology for cost-efficient microwave design optimization in the frequency domain is proposed. Our technique, referred to as adaptive response scaling (ARS), has been developed for constructing a fast replacement model (surrogate) of the high-fidelity electromagnetic-simulated model of the microwave structure under design using its equivalent circuit (low-fidelity model). The basic principle of ARS is a nonlinear frequency and amplitude response scaling aimed at accommodating the discrepancies between the low- and high-fidelity models at the reference design and, subsequently, at tracking the low-fidelity model changes that occur during the optimization run. The surrogate model prediction is obtained by applying appropriately composed scaling functions to the high-fidelity model at the reference design. ARS is a parameterless and simple-to-implement method that can be applied to a wide range of microwave structures. The ARS surrogate features excellent generalization capability that translates into improved reliability and reduced design cost. It is demonstrated using an eighth-order microstrip bandpass filter and a miniaturized rat-race coupler. Comparison with several space mapping algorithms is provided. The numerical results are supplemented by measurements of the fabricated optimum designs of the considered structures.
Rapid multi-objective antenna design using point-by-point Pareto set identification and local surrogate models
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
2016 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION
Antenna design is inherently a multicriterial problem.Determination of the best possible tradeoffs between conflicting objectives (a so-called Pareto front), such as reflection response, gain, and antenna size, is indispensable from the designer’s point of view, yet challenging when high-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulations are utilized for performance evaluation. Here, a novel and computationally efficient methodology for multiobjective optimization of antenna structures is presented. In our approach, the trade off designs are obtained by moving along the Pareto front and identifying the subsequent Pareto-optimal solutions using surrogate-based optimization techniques. Computational efficiency of the process is achieved by employing coarse-discretization EM simulations and local response surface approximation (RSA) models. The pro-posed approach is demonstrated using a compact ultrawideband (UWB) monopole antenna with a representation of the Pareto front obtained at the cost corresponding to just a few dozen of evaluations of the high-fidelity EM antenna model. Experimental validation is also provided.
Rapid multi-objective design optimisation of compact microwave couplers by means of physics-based surrogates
- Slawomir Koziel
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
- Piotr Kurgan
- John W. Bandler
2016 Pełny tekst IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation
The authors introduce a methodology for fast multi-objective design optimisation of miniaturised microwave couplers. The approach exploits the surrogate-based optimisation paradigm with an underlying low-fidelity model constructed from an equivalent circuit of the structure under consideration, corrected through implicit and frequency space mapping. A fast prediction tool obtained this way is subsequently optimised by a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm to identify an initial approximation of the Pareto front, that is, a set of designs representing the best possible trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The correction/optimisation of the surrogate is then iterated by design space confinement and segmentation based on a Pareto set representation obtained thus far in the process. This aims at improving the surrogate model accuracy in the vicinity of the Pareto-optimal solutions. The technique is demonstrated by two design examples of compact rat-race couplers. Experimental validation is also provided.
Rapid multi-objective design optimization of miniaturized impedance transformer by Pareto front exploration
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
2016
Fast multi-objective optimization of compact impedance transformer is discussed. A set of alternative designs representing possible trade-offs between conflicting design criteria, i.e., electrical performance (here, wideband matching) and the structure size, is obtained through Pareto front exploration by means of surrogate-assisted methods.
Rapid simulation-driven design of miniaturised dual-band microwave couplers by means of adaptive response scaling
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
2016 Pełny tekst IET Microwaves Antennas & Propagation
One of the major challenges in the design of compact microwave structures is the necessity of simultaneous handling of several objectives and the fact that expensive electromagnetic (EM) analysis is required for their reliable evaluation. Design of multi-band circuits where performance requirements are to be satisfied for several frequencies at the same time is even more difficult. In this work, a computationally efficient design of dual-band microstrip couplers is demonstrated by means of an adaptive response scaling (ARS) technique. ARS is a surrogate-assisted method that exploits a fast surrogate of the high-fidelity EM-simulation model of the coupler at hand constructed from its corrected equivalent circuit. ARS identifies nonlinear frequency and amplitude response scaling that accommodates the misalignment between the low- and high-fidelity models. Due to exploiting the knowledge embedded in the low-fidelity model ARS surrogate exhibits excellent generalisation capability. It is demonstrated here by optimisation of a dual-band microstrip coupler with enhanced bandwidth, working at 1 GHz and 2 GHz frequencies. The optimised design has been obtained at the cost of just a few high-fidelity EM simulations of the structure. Numerical comparisons indicate superiority of ARS over competitive surrogate-assisted techniques. Experimental validation is also provided.