2018 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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Publikacje z roku 2018

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Estry kwasów tłuszczowych i monochloropropanodioli w tłuszczach spożywczych oraz produktach spożywczych bogatych w tłuszcze - problemy i wyzwania
- Renata Marcinkowska
- Klaudia Pytel
- Aurore Lavenu
2018 Analityka: Nauka i Praktyka
Monochloropropanodiole (3-monochloropropanodiol, 3-MCPD; 2-monochloropropanodiol, 2-MCPD) są zaliczane do zanieczyszczeń żywności powstających w wyniku procesów termicznego jej przetwarzania. Obecność tych ksenobiotyków w żywności została stwierdzona już w 1978 r. w sosach sojowych i produktach pokrewnych. Wzmożone zainteresowanie tymi związkami, które ma miejsce od 2004 r. jest związane ze stwierdzeniem znacznych ilości 3-MCPD w postaci mono- oraz diestrów wyższych kwasów tłuszczowych w szerokiej gamie produktów spożywczych takich jak rafinowane oleje i tłuszcze jadalne, czy żywność bogata w tłuszcze. Okazało się, iż oznaczone poziomy zawartości estrów MCPD w tłuszczach są znacznie wyższe niż ich niezestryfikowanych form. Stąd też od ponad dekady prowadzone są intensywne badania ukierunkowane na poznanie mechanizmu powstawania, oddziaływania na organizm ludzki a także wykrywania, identyfikacji oraz ilościowego oznaczanie tych ksenobiotyków. W pracy omówiono mechanizm powstawania estrów MCPD w żywności, zagrożenia związane z obecnością tych ksenobiotyków w produktach żywnościowych, występowanie estrów MCPD w żywności oraz procedury analityczne oznaczania tych ksenobiotyków w próbkach żywności. Pracę podsumowano wyzwaniami związanymi z oznaczaniem estrów MCPD w próbkach żywności, a także omówiono nowe kierunki badań prowadzonych w tym temacie.
Estymacja położenia węzłów ruchomych w sieci UWB synchronizowanej emisją z węzła nieruchomego
- Krzysztof Cwalina
- Paweł Tomasz Kosz
- Piotr Rajchowski
- Jarosław Sadowski
- Jacek Stefański
2018 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
W referacie przedstawiono wyniki testów możliwości wykorzystania modemów IR UWB (Impulse Radio Ultra-Wide Band) typu DWM1000 do budowy sieci radiolokalizacyjnej, w której położenie węzłów ruchomych jest estymowane na podstawie pomiarów różnic odległości metodą TDOA (Time Difference of Arrival). Opisana została struktura sieci i sposób synchronizacji pomiarów czasów w nieruchomych węzłach referencyjnych przez cykliczny odbiór sygnałów z nieruchomego węzła pomocniczego.
Estymacja respiracji wykorzystująca pomiar stężenia tlenu w SBR
- Robert Piotrowski
2018 Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna
Biologiczna oczyszczalnia ścieków jest złożonym nieliniowym systemem przemysłowym. Jednym z istotnych i kosztownych procesów tam zachodzących jest napowietrzanie ścieków. Z procesem tym związana jest respiracja, czyli szybkość zużywania tlenu przez bakterie oczyszczające ścieki. Jest to jeden z najważniejszych parametrów, decydujący o efektywności oczyszczania ścieków. Niestety koszt zakupu urządzeń do pomiaru respiracji – respirometrów jest bardzo wysoki i w oczyszczalniach ścieków nie są one instalowane. W artykule dokonano estymacji respiracji, w oparciu o pomiar stężenia tlenu w biologicznej oczyszczalni typu wsadowego. W tym celu wykorzystano rozszerzony filtr Kalmana. W badaniach symulacyjnych przedstawiono wyniki estymacji respiracji dla biologicznej oczyszczalni ścieków typu SBR.
E-textbook technologies for academics in medical education
- Anna Ren-kurc
- Magdalena Roszak
- Iwona Mokwa-Tarnowska
- Jan Zych
- Wojciech Kowalewski
2018 Pełny tekst Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
Public universities in Poland receive fairly limited financial support for creating e-textbooks and lack the appropriate ICT competences among teaching staff, especially in the case of non-technical universities. The authors propose a pedagogical and technological paradigm for e-textbooks in medical education using open source software with minimal IT skills required. Technologies used to develop e-textbooks are connected with: publication and distribution of e-textbooks, e-book readers, and editing tools. The paper also discusses a survey that targeted students of medical sciences, which focused on their understanding of their educational needs that can be met through new online resources as well as their expectations of how such e-textbooks should be like.
Eulerian motion magnification applied to structural health monitoring of wind turbines
- Sebastian Cygert
- Andrzej Czyżewski
2018 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Several types of defects may occur in wind turbines, as physical damage of blades or gearbox malfunction. A wind farm monitoring and damage prediction system is built to observe abnormal vibrations of elements of wind turbine: blades, nacelle, and tower. Contactless methods are developed which do not require turbine stopping. In this work, structural health monitoring of a wind turbine is evaluated using a conversion from the captured and processed video to the acoustic signal, employing the method of Eulerian motion magnification in video. It was assumed that this task can be achieved using a stabilized high-speed video camera only, directed at the wind turbine without any additional sensors mounted on windmill blades or on its body. Moreover, the developed vector sound intensity probe was used for spatial measurements in order to recover the vibration modes of wind turbines. Finally, statistical methods were applied to the processing of computed features reflecting vibrations in order to determine wind turbine technical condition. The developed method was evaluated empirically in real wind farm.
Evaluating Asymmetric N-Grams as Spell-Checking Mechanism
- Tomasz Maria Boiński
- Artur Zimnicki
- Julian Kujawski
- Karol Draszawka
2018 Pełny tekst
Typical approaches to string comparing marks two strings as either different or equal without taking into account any similarity measures. Being able to judge similarity is however required for spelling error corrections, as we want to find the best match for a given word. In this paper we present a bi2quadro-grams method for spelling errors correction. The method proposed uses different n-grams dimension for the source (checked) and target (from the dictionary) words. For different types of errors proper weights were introduced. This way an increase in the quality and performance of the algorithm can be observed and the method becomes dedicated to the task of spelling errors correction. The results obtained so far suggest that the method is a viable solution competitive to other currently used approaches. The paper presents the proposed method, test suite and experimental results. Some discussion is also presented.
Evaluating Business Accelerator Participants’ Experiences – Effectuation at Play?
- Marzena Starnawska
2018 Pełny tekst Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
Responding to the new phenomena in entrepreneurship ecosystems in Poland, the author undertakes the study that aims to explore experiences of participants of (pre)accelerator programme for start-ups. Clipster is a business an acceleration and incubation programme, where participants have a unique co-living opportunity and work on their new venture ideas. With phenomenological interviews with six nascent entrepreneurs - participants working on their new venture ideas and employment of inductive research approach, the author uses grounded theory analysis methods. The results provide 4 key categories that reflect effectuation heuristics. The findings contribute to acceleration and incubation literature by providing insights into the interactive and dynamic nature on the micro level of individual and interpersonal behaviours and processes among programme participants.
Evaluating Business Accelerator Participants’ Experiences – Effectuation at Play?
- Marzena Starnawska
2018
Responding to the new phenomena in entrepreneurship ecosystems in Poland, the author undertakes the study that aims to explore experiences of participants of (pre)accelerator programme for start-ups. Clipster is a business an acceleration incubation programme, where participants have a unique co-living opportunity and work on their new venture ideas. With phenomenological interviews with six nascent entrepreneurs - participants working on their new venture ideas and employment of inductive research approach, the author uses grounded theory analysis methods. The results provide 4 key categories that reflect effectuation heuristics. The findings contribute to acceleration and incubation literature by providing insights into the interactive and dynamic nature on the micro level of individual and interpersonal behaviours and processes among programme participants
Evaluating the Catastrophic Rainfall of 14 July 2016 in the Catchment Basin of the Urbanized Strzyza Stream in Gdańsk, Poland
- Wojciech Szpakowski
- Michał Szydłowski
2018 Pełny tekst POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
We analyzed the causes, the course, and consequences of the extreme precipitation events that occurred 14 July 2016 in the watershed of Strzyza Creek in Gdańsk, Poland. Automated rain gauges located in Strzyża catchment registered a total precipitation lasting about 16 hours – from 129 to 160 mm of rain depth. More in-depth analysis based on rain data collected by Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT) rain station was done. The course of rainfall was compared with existing rain models on the national range and also with local rain formula. The results showed that, according to the Chomicz classification, the rainfall can be qualified as torrential. Its course far exceeded the theoretical values calculated for the probability of occurrence 1% (return time: 100 years). Although the analyzed rain episode was characterized by extremely high instantaneous rainfall intensities, the duration of the most intensive middle stage of about eight hours caused the highest daily rain sum registered in Gdańsk in the history of meteorological measurements. As a result, the rainfall caused two fatalities in the lower part of the Strzyza watershed. It was noted that this type of rain qualified as an extraordinary event at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries in areas located in the Mediterranean region. Rainfalls that currently occurr in this part of Europe are also characterized by proportionally higher parameters that should be considered as an indisputable effect of climate change on a global scale.
Evaluation and application of data from road weather stations for winter maintenance management
- Dawid Ryś
- Marek Pszczoła
- Piotr Jaskuła
2018
The paper presents the analysis of road weather data from meteorological stations located at the Polish national roads of Pomerania District during the impact of winter conditions. Presented issue is particularly important from the point of view the problem of winter maintenance and especially for prediction and assurance of quality of asphalt pavement surface ie. resistance to low temperature cracking or risk of glazed frost. The objective of the paper is to define and determine crucial parameters of the weather and pavement conditions during winter season to reveal what are the differences in request for winter maintenance of pavements in (1) particular roads and (2) following winter months and years. To fulfil the objective of the paper data from 12 weather stations located in Pomeranian District of Poland and period of measurements from 2009 to 2016 were analysed. It was developed parameters: Wglaze, Wice and Wsnow to assess the percentage of time with the risk of occurrence of glaze frost, black ice and icy or compacted snow. The risk of low-temperature cracking was also analyzed. It was found that the risk of winter skid can reach very high level of 91% and in average in most severe winter month it equals from 35% to 71%. The main sources of winter skid in Pomerania are glaze frost and black ice. It was also confirmed that road no. 20 is the most exposed to low-temperature cracking and has the highest risk of winter skid.
Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture Low-Temperature Performance in Bending Beam Creep Test
- Marek Pszczoła
- Mariusz Jaczewski
- Dawid Ryś
- Piotr Jaskuła
- Cezary Szydłowski
2018 Pełny tekst Materials
Low-temperature cracking is one of the most common road pavement distress types in Poland. While bitumen performance can be evaluated in detail using bending beam rheometer (BBR) or dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests, none of the normalized test methods gives a comprehensive representation of low-temperature performance of the asphalt mixtures. This article presents the Bending Beam Creep test performed at temperatures from −20 °C to +10 °C in order to evaluate the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. Both validation of the method and its utilization for the assessment of eight types of wearing courses commonly used in Poland were described. The performed test indicated that the source of bitumen and its production process (and not necessarily only bitumen penetration) had a significant impact on the low-temperature performance of the asphalt mixtures, comparable to the impact of binder modification (neat, polymer-modified, highly modified) and the aggregate skeleton used in the mixture (Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) vs. Asphalt Concrete (AC)). Obtained Bending Beam Creep test results were compared with the BBR bitumen test. Regression analysis confirmed that performing solely bitumen tests is insufficient for comprehensive low-temperature performance analysis.
Evaluation of bearing and journal damage in MAN 9L40-54 engines installed on M/V STENA SCANDINAVICA ferry
- Artur Olszewski
- Olgierd Olszewski
- Stanisław Czapp
- Dominik Olszewski
2018
The following report was requested by Remontowa Shiprepair Yard (RSY) S.A. in Gdansk ´ (contract no. 4/2018/EX/U, dated 13.02.2018) and prepared based on the materials received from RSY, two on-board inspections and the participation of the contractors in three conferences with RSY representativesi. The goal of the analysis performed by the experts of Gdansk University of Technology was ´ to determine the character of the bearing and journal damage, as well as to conclude whether it occurred during engine operation at sea or at the time of the maintenance works at RSY.
Evaluation of flavour profiles in e-cigarette refill solutions using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
- Justyna Aszyk
- Paweł Kubica
- Mateusz Kacper Woźniak
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Andrzej Wasik
- Agata Kot-Wasik
2018 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
Many flavour compounds that are present in e-liquids for e-cigarettes are responsible for specific tastes and smoking sensations for users. Data concerning content and specific types of flavours is often limited and unknown to users. The aim of the research was to define and compare flavour profiles of e-liquids with the same group taste from different manufacturers. Gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) was used to separate and identify 90 popular compounds (98, including isomers) of interest. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy (88–113%) for three spiking levels and the intra-day (0.2–13%) and inter-day precision (1–10%). Limits of quantitation were in the range of 10–816 ng/mL, while the matrix effects for 80% of the compounds were at negligible levels. The proposed method is rapid, simple and reliable and uses a green and modern GC–MS/MS technique. Twenty-five samples of five different flavours (tobacco, strawberry, cherry, menthol and apple) from five different producers were analysed, and the determined compounds were categorized and differentiated. The approach proposed in this study allowed for the evaluation of which compounds/group of compounds are responsible for taste and to distinguish common flavour compounds among the investigated brands for each flavour. Furthermore, the presented research can be considered in future toxicological studies.
Evaluation of Green Sample Preparation Techniques for Organic Compounds
- Magdalena Fabjanowicz
- Kaja Kalinowska
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
2018 Pełny tekst Current Green Chemistry
Nowadays, Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) idea is of high importance, with impact on the rapid growth in the sample preparation area with special emphasis on sample preparation simplification, miniaturization and automation. Due to the fact that GAC is of high importance today, this study is focused on the evaluation of green sample preparation techniques for organic compounds. It is well known that sample preparation is considered a crucial part of analytical procedures, particularly in samples characterized by complex matrices composition. The parameter of “greenness” is as important as selectivity in order to avoid using harmful organic solvents in sustainable extraction techniques. These solvents can generate hazardous, toxic waste while consuming large resources volume, thus, developing new, eco-friendly and benign solvents which would meet technological and economic demands is perhaps the most popular aspects of Green Chemistry. Some examples of these “green” solvents are given in this work. In addition, several new miniaturized extraction techniques are described. Here you can highlight solid phase microextraction (SPME) and liquid phase microextraction (LPME). However, the best option would be to use direct methods of analysis, where sample preparation is not required. The given study also shows the possibilities and limitations of using Eco-Scale and GAPI tools for the assessment of the green character of selected analytical procedures. Both tools were applied to assess 9 different analytical procedures and both showed similar results presented in a different manner.
EVALUATION OF SOUND QUALITY FEATURES ON ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE EFFECTS – A CASE STUDY APPLIED TO ROAD TRAFFIC NOISE
- Waldemar Paszkowski
- Józef Kotus
- Tomasz Poremski
- Bożena Kostek
2018 Pełny tekst Metrology and Measurement Systems
The paper shows a study on the relationship between noise measures and sound quality (SQ) features that are related to annoyance caused by the traffic noise. First, a methodology to perform analyses related to the traffic noise annoyance is described including references to parameters of the assessment of road noise sources. Next, the measurement setup, location and results are presented along with the derived sound quality features. Then, statistical analyses are performed to compare the measurement results and sound quality features. The included conclusions are focused on showing that the obtained loudness values, regardless of the used system, are similar in a statistical sense. Contrarily, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength values differ for the tools employed.
Evaluation of the Commercial Electrochemical Gas Sensors for the Monitoring of CO in Ambient Air
- Grzegorz Jasiński
- Marta Dmitrzak
- Piotr Jasiński
2018
Air pollution is a growing concern of civilized world, which has a significant impact on human health and the environment. Recent studies highlight that the exposure to polluted air can increase the incidence of diseases and deteriorate the quality of life. Hence, it is necessary to develop tools for real-time air quality monitoring. For air pollution monitoring a wide range of stationary gas and particulate analysers can be used. However, such instruments are relatively large, heavy and expensive. Only governments, local authorities and major industries can afford to use such devices. Instruments based on low cost gas sensors can be interesting and promising alternative. However, real-life usage of gas sensors in monitoring outdoor air is connected with several challenges, such as temperature or humidity changes affecting sensor response. In this study, a laboratory evaluation of commercially available electrochemical gas sensors for the monitoring of CO in ambient air is presented. Six commercial electrochemical CO sensors were tested simultaneously under controlled gas concentrations and various environmental conditions.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Methods for Delimitation of the Boundaries of Registered Parcels in the Process of Modernization of Land and Building Registration
- Paweł Wysocki
- Małgorzata Buśko
2018
In the article, a comparative analysis of two methods for delimitation of the boundaries of registered parcels was carried out: the method of direct measurement in the field and the photogrammetric method. One of the analyzed factors was the attendance of parcels’ owners during the development of boundary recognition agreements. Research has shown that in this aspect the method of direct measurement in the field is more effective. At the same time, the advantage of the photogrammetric method should be emphasized in terms of shorter time needed to carry out the task of delimitation of the boundaries of registered parcels. The most important is the proper preparation of the contractor for modernizing the cadastre for the operation of delimitation of the boundaries of registered parcels, through data analysis and their preliminary elaboration, as demonstrated in this article.
Evaluation of the efficiency of the duty cycle of refuse collection vehicle based on real-world data
- Oskar Wysocki
- Tomasz Zajdziński
- Jacek Czyżewicz
- Jacek Kropiwnicki
2018
In this paper a method of the efficiency evaluation of the duty cycle of Refuse Collection Vehicle is presented. Using real world data, two representative duty cycles were analysed. Total cycle efficiency was calculated, as well as the efficiency of particular cycle phases. Then, energy needed to collect and compact the waste and energy from fuel were compared. Measured and calculated values were shown on the diagrams illustrating hydraulic system parameters and the real load applied to the chassis combustion engine. Then, basic statistical analysis of 524 duty cycles was performed, which shown dependencies between measured parameters and efficiency. Results of the analysis show that presented method can be used to quantitatively assess performance of RCV's regarding efficiency of hydraulic power delivery
Evaluation of the Electronic Nose Used for Monitoring Environmental Pollution
- Grzegorz Jasiński
- Łukasz Woźniak
- Paweł Kalinowski
- Piotr Jasiński
2018
Air pollution is a one of the major concern of civilized world, which has a significant impact on human health and the environment. Recent studies highlight that the exposure to polluted air can increase the incidence of diseases and deteriorate the quality of life. Hence, it is necessary to develop tools for real-time air quality monitoring. Electronic-nose systems based on sensors are an interesting and promising technology in the field of monitoring environmental pollution. However, real-life usage in monitoring of outdoor air is connected with several challenges, such as temperature or humidity changes affecting sensor response. In this study, a performance of the three electronic nose systems based on semiconducting gas sensors only, amperometric gas sensors only and both type of sensors in outdoor air quality is evaluated. Toxic gas concentration prediction ability of these three e-noses is compared with the reference results from the stationary station of air monitoring system.
Evaluation of the Impact of Storage Conditions on the Biogenic Amines Profile in Opened Wine Bottles
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Vasil Simeonov
- Jacek Namieśnik
2018 Pełny tekst MOLECULES
A survey of biogenic amine (BA) profiles in opened wine bottles has been established to monitor the level of biogenic amines (BAs) in opened bottles against time and other conditions. Bottles of red and white wine were submitted to different temperatures, stopper type (screw cap, cork), and use of vacuum devices. A total of six wines made from a variety of grapes were obtained from vineyards from regions across Poland. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DLLME-GC-MS) procedure for BAs determination was validated and applied for wine sample analysis. The total content of BAs from the set of immediately opened wine samples ranged from 442 to 929 g/L for white wines, and 669 to 2244 g/L for red wines. The most abundant BAs in the analysed wines were histamine and putrescine. Considering the commercial availability of the analysed wines, there was no relationship between the presence of BAs in a given wine and their availability on the market. However, it was observed and confirmed by chemometric analysis that the different to rage conditions employed in this experiment affect not only the BAs profile, but also the pH.