2021 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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Bias-Dependent Dynamics of Degradation and Recovery in Perovskite Solar Cells
- M. Prete
- M. V. Khenkin
- Damian Głowienka
- B. R. Patil
- J. S. Lissau
- Ilker Dogan
- Jennie Hansen
- T. Leißner
- J. Fiutowski
- H.-G. Rubahn
- B. Julsgaard
- P. Balling
- V. Turkovic
- Yulia Galagan
- E. A. Katz
- M. Madsen
2021 Pełny tekst ACS Applied Energy Materials
Degradation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is often found to be partially or fully reversible when the cells are allowed to recover in the dark. Unlike the dynamics of degradation, knowledge about the dynamics of PSC cell recovery is very limited. Here, we demonstrate that the PSC recovery strongly depends on the electrical bias conditions during the light-induced degradation and that it can be manipulated by applying an external electrical bias during the recovery phase. Investigation of the recovery dynamics allows us to analyze the degradation mechanisms in detail. More specifically, we aged a mixed-cation mixed-halide PSC with a n-i-p structure under illumination in open-circuit (OC) or short-circuit (SC) conditions, and periodically measured their characteristics during the recovery. PSCs aged in SC degrade faster and fully recover after the light is switched off, while the performance of the cells aged in OC does not recover but instead further decreases after the light is switched off (“drop-in-dark” effect). With the use of transient photoluminescence, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and drift-diffusion-based simulations, we hypothesize that extrinsic ion migration causes the drop-in-dark effect, by forming an electron extraction barrier at the metal oxide electron transport layer. The applied bias alleviates this effect. Our results are relevant for gaining a deeper understanding of the multiple degradation mechanisms present in perovskite solar cells, and for finding a practical way to assist their recovery.
Bicycle Traffic Model for Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning
- Jacek Oskarbski
- Krystian Birr
- Karol Żarski
2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES
Modelling tools and transport models are required to assess the impact of measures for the effective planning of cycling routes in cities. This paper presents the methodology for developing a four-stage macroscopic model of bicycle traffic for the city of Gdynia, and its use in planning new bicycle routes, considering a modal shift. The model presented in this paper allows for the evaluation of the influence of the characteristics of the cycling infrastructure, along with the development of the cycling network based on the choice of cycling as an alternative to other modes of transport, by taking into account the modal shift. The model takes into account the influence of the longitudinal gradient, link, and surface type of cycling routes on the distribution and demand for bicycle traffic. The results of our research allow us to assess the impact of planned cycling routes on the reduction in the volume of car traffic, which is crucial for reducing energy consumption and negative environmental impacts. Experiences from the application of the model in Gdynia suggest that the model provides a strong basis to support mobility planning and monitoring processes in cities worldwide. Cities should take into account the methods proposed in this paper when planning the development of their transport systems.
Bifractal receiver operating characteristic curves: a formula for generating receiver operating characteristic curves in credit-scoring contexts
- Błażej Kochański
2021 Pełny tekst Journal of Risk Model Validation
This paper formulates a mathematical model for generating receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves without underlying data. Credit scoring practitioners know that the Gini coefficient usually drops if it is only calculated on cases above the cutoff. This fact is not a mathematical necessity, however, as it is theoretically possible to get an ROC curve that keeps the same Gini coefficient no matter how big a share of lowest score cases are excluded from the calculation (a “right-hand” fractal ROC curve). Analogously, a left-hand fractal ROC curve would be a curve that keeps its Gini coefficient constant below any cutoff point. The model proposed here is a linear combination of left- and right-hand ROC curves. A bifractal ROC curve is drawn with just two parameters: one responsible for the shape of the curve and the other responsible for the area under the curve (a Gini coefficient). As is shown in this paper, most real-life credit-scoring ROC curves lie between the two fractal curves. In consequence, the Gini coefficient will be consistently lower when computed only on approved loans.
Bifurcation of equilibrium forms of a gas column rotating with constant speed around its axis of symmetry
- Joanna Janczewska
- Anita Zgorzelska
2021 Pełny tekst NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS
We will be concerned with the problem of deformation of the lateral surface of a column that rotates with constant speed around its axis of symmetry. The column is filled by a gas and our goal is to investigate the deformation of the lateral surface depending on the pressure of the gas.
Big Data from Sensor Network via Internet of Things to Edge Deep Learning for Smart City
- Jerzy Balicki
- Honorata Balicka
- Piotr Dryja
2021
Data from a physical world is sampled by sensor networks, and then streams of Big Data are sent to cloud hosts to support decision making by deep learning software. In a smart city, some tasks may be assigned to smart devices of the Internet of Things for performing edge computing. Besides, a part of workload of calculations can be transferred to the cloud hosts. This paper proposes benchmarks for division tasks between an edge layer and a cloud layer for deep learning. Results of some numerical experiments are presented, too.
Bilans energii i ślad węglowy w zrównoważonej gospodarce oczyszczalni ścieków
- Ewa Zaborowska
- Mojtaba Maktabifard
- Jacek Mąkinia
2021 Forum Eksploatatora
Dążenie do osiągnięcia zrównoważonego rozwoju stawia przed oczyszczalniami ścieków (OŚ) nowe wyzwania. Oprócz dotrzymywania standardów jakościowych w odpływie, obserwuje się dążenie do samowystarczalności energetycznej. Nowym kryterium oceny jest ślad węglowy (CF) określający skumulowaną emisję gazów cieplarnianych generowanych przez OŚ. Celem artykułu było określenie relacji między bilansem energii a śladem węglowym w zrównoważonej gospodarce miejskich OŚ. Dla sześciu obiektów wyznaczono całkowity CF i jego komponenty oraz zidentyfikowano wrażliwe parametry mogące wpływać na niepewność wyników. W artykule przedstawiono metodę uproszczoną bazującą na współczynnikach emisji oraz pokazano możliwości, jakie daje zastosowanie modelowania komputerowego. Stwierdzono, że zarówno emisje bezpośrednie, jak i pośrednie mogą istotnie wpływać na CF OŚ. Bezpośrednie emisje procesowe dominują w OŚ stosujących odzysk energii z biogazu (62-74%), a emisje pośrednie związane z energią dominują CF w OŚ pokrywających zapotrzebowanie z sieci elektroenergetycznej (69-72%). Wykazano, że wskaźniki procesowych emisji podtlenku azotu są specyficzne dla danego obiektu i należą do najbardziej wrażliwych parametrów wpływających na oszacowanie całkowitego CF. Nie stwierdzono występowania korelacji pomiędzy poziomem samowystarczalności energetycznej a całkowitym CF OŚ. Natomiast silna zależność wiąże samowystarczalność energetyczną ze stosunkiem pośredniej do bezpośredniej emisji gazów cieplarnianych. CF OŚ można obniżyć dzięki zastosowaniu odnawialnych źródeł energii i odzysku energii na miejscu, rolniczemu zagospodarowaniu osadów ściekowych, a także poprzez odpowiednią manipulację parametrów operacyjnych.
Binary-Encounter Model for Direct Ionization of Molecules by Positron-Impact
- Małgorzata Franz
- Katarzyna Wiciak-Pawłowska
- Jan Franz
2021 Pełny tekst Atoms
We introduce two models for the computation of direct ionization cross sections by positron impact over a wide range of collision energies. The models are based on the binary-encounter-Bethe model and take into account an extension of the Wannier theory. The cross sections computed with these models show good agreement with experimental data. The extensions improve the agreement between theory and experiment for collision energies between the first ionization threshold and the peak of the cross section. The models are based on a small set of parameters, which can be computed with standard quantum chemistry program packages.
BINDER COURSES USING COLD RECYCLED MIXTURES – A NOVEL CONCEPT IN COLD RECYCLING
- Bohdan Dołżycki
- Andrea Grilli
- Alex Balzi
- Mariusz Jaczewski
- Cezary Szydłowski
2021
Cold recycling with cement and bituminous emulsion is one of the most environmentally friendly techniques to maximize the reuse of reclaimed asphalt (RA) collected during demolition of roads. Cold recycled mixtures are commonly used for base courses in construction or rehabilitation of flexible and semi-rigid pavements. Current experiences demonstrated that cold recycling with appropriate requirements and technical recommendations allows long-lasting pavements to be designed. Those outcomes stimulated researchers and engineers in the new challenge of using the cold recycled mixtures in binder layers that are generally more often included in maintenance planning. This paper summarizes current San Marino and Polish experiences with cold recycled mixtures designed for binder layers. The first part of the paper presents the design phase of the cold recycled mixtures in both countries. It describes and compares the composition of the mixtures, grading curves of the mineral mixtures, binding agents and requirements. The second part of the paper shows laboratory test results of mechanical properties of cold recycled mixtures for binder courses including test results in full-scale application.
Bioactivities of Phenolic Compounds from Kiwifruit and Persimmon
- Kim Young-mo
- Abas Faridah
- Yong-Seo Park
- Ang-Kyun Park
- Kyung-Sik Ham
- Seong-Gook Kang
- Martyna Lubinska-Szczygeł
- Aviva Ezra
- Shela Gorinstein
2021 Pełny tekst MOLECULES
Fruit used in the common human diet in general, and kiwifruit and persimmon particularly, displays health properties in the prevention of heart disease. This study describes a combination of bioactivity, multivariate data analyses and fluorescence measurements for the differentiating of kiwifruit and persimmon, their quenching and antioxidant properties. The metabolic differences are shown, as well in the results of bioactivities and antioxidant capacities determined by ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC and DPPH assays. To complement the bioactivity of these fruits, the quenching properties between extracted polyphenols and human serum proteins were determined by 3D-fluorescence spectroscopy studies. These properties of the extracted polyphenols in interaction with the main serum proteins in the human metabolism (human serum albumin (HSA), α-β-globulin (α-β G) and fibrinogen (Fgn)), showed that kiwifruit was more reactive than persimmon. There was a direct correlation between the quenching properties of the polyphenols of the investigated fruits with serum human proteins, their relative quantification and bioactivity. The results of metabolites and fluorescence quenching show that these fruits possess multiple properties that have a great potential to be used in industry with emphasis on the formulation of functional foods and in the pharmaceutical industry. Based on the quenching properties of human serum proteins with polyphenols and recent reports in vivo on human studies, we hypothesize that HSA, α-β G and Fgn will be predictors of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Bio-Based Polyurethane Networks Derived from Liquefied Sawdust
- Kamila Gosz
- Agnieszka Tercjak
- Adam Olszewski
- Józef Haponiuk
- Łukasz Piszczyk
2021 Pełny tekst Materials
The utilization of forestry waste resources in the production of polyurethane resins is a promising green alternative to the use of unsustainable resources. Liquefaction of wood-based biomass gives polyols with properties depending on the reagents used. In this article, the liquefaction of forestry wastes, including sawdust, in solvents such as glycerol and polyethylene glycol was investigated. The liquefaction process was carried out at temperatures of 120, 150, and 170 C. The resulting bio-polyols were analyzed for process efficiency, hydroxyl number, water content, viscosity, and structural features using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optimum liquefaction temperature was 150 C and the time of 6 h. Comprehensive analysis of polyol properties shows high biomass conversion and hydroxyl number in the range of 238–815 mg KOH/g. This may indicate that bio-polyols may be used as a potential substitute for petrochemical polyols. During polyurethane synthesis, materials with more than 80 wt% of bio-polyol were obtained. The materials were obtained by a one-step method by hot-pressing for 15 min at 100 C and a pressure of 5 MPa with an NCO:OH ratio of 1:1 and 1.2:1. Dynamical-mechanical analysis (DMA) showed a high modulus of elasticity in the range of 62–839 MPa which depends on the reaction conditions.
Biofilm bakteryjny uropatogennych szczepów E. coli Dr+ jako czynnik indukujący przewlekłość zakażeń dróg moczowych ograniczający ich leczenie
- Beata Zalewska-Piątek
- Rafał Piątek
2021 Postępy Mikrobiologii
Zakażenia dróg moczowych (ZUM) stanowią jedne z najczęściej występujących infekcji bakteryjnych, dotykających każdego roku miliony osób na świecie. Problematyka tych zakażeń wynika z ich przewlekłości i nawrotów, pomimo stosowania terapii antybiotykowej oraz ciągle wzrastającej lekooporności uropatogenów je wywołujących. Dominującym czynnikiem etiologicznym ZUM są uropatogenne szczepy E. coli (UPECs), wykazujące zdolność do adhezji, inwazji, tworzenia wewnątrzkomórkowych agregatów bakteryjnych i złożonych struktur biofilmu w obrębie skolonizowanych dróg moczowych. Szczepy E. coli Dr+ stanowią trzecią grupę UPECs, które produkują homopolimeryczne struktury adhezyjne, występujące na powierzchni komórek bakteryjnych w postaci fimbrii Dr. Są one odpowiedzialne za zapalenie pęcherza moczowego u dzieci i odmiedniczkowe zapalenie nerek u dorosłych, zwłaszcza u kobiet ciężarnych (40% przypadków, w III trymestrze ciąży). Zdolność do tworzenia biofilmu stanowi również przyczynę przewlekłości tych zakażeń i trudności terapeutyczne. W toku prowadzonych badań wykazano, że fimbrie Dr i białko DraD stanowią główne determinanty urowirulencji klinicznego izolatu E. coli IH11128 Dr+, odpowiedzialne za tworzenie biofilmu, natomiast autoagregująca adhezyna Ag43 może wpływać na jego rozwój i zwiększenie przeżywalności bakterii w komórkach uroepitelialnych. Wstępne analizy wykazały również, że bakterie te wzrastające na podłożu polistyrenowym, tworzą biofilm o rozgałęzionej, drzewiastej strukturze z komórkami uwięzionymi w rozległej macierzy pozakomórkowej. Powyższe dane eksperymentalne wymagają jednak dalszych badań, dotyczących struktury i składu biochemicznego biofilmu, w odniesieniu do aktywności metabolicznej komórek bakteryjnych.
Bio-inspired approaches for explosives detection
- Wasilewski Tomasz
- Jacek Gębicki
- Wojciech Kamysz
2021 Pełny tekst TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Due to unique abilities of the animals regarding analysis of complex gas substances, they still remain a gold standard in analysis of explosives. Unusual capabilities of biological chemosensory systems, including both vertebrates and invertebrates, stimulate elaboration of the devices mimicking their activity and operation parameters as precisely as possible. The electronic analogues are a subject of investigation in many research centres, which brings their successful commercialization closer. They are believed to substitute or to complement animals in the analysis of gas substances, including explosive and hazardous ones. The limitations of classic gas sensors can be overcome using the strategies inspired by the solutions known from biological systems. Apart from high selectivity and sensitivity desired for analysis of the explosives, mimicking biological systems allows overcoming other problems connected mainly with effective sampling and odour localization. Presented review is focused on the biomimetic devices, which mimic the sense of smell in a direct way and which are the inspiration to design the devices used for detection of the explosives. Potential of biosensors and bioelectronic noses (B-ENs) to mimic the incredibly accurate and versatile "biological noses" was evaluated. A summary of the strategies inspired by biological olfactory systems should facilitate the approach to the problem of artificial instruments design and to development of the strategy aimed at analysis of the explosives with these systems.
BIOLOGICAL AGE ASSESSMENT ALGORITHMS BASED ON X-RAY IMAGES OF BONE TISSUE
- Natalia Głowacka
2021
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Biologically active compounds based on the carbazole scaffold - synthetic and mechanistic aspects
- Milena Witkowska
2021 Pełny tekst
Doctoral dissertation is divided into three main parts: introduction, results and discussion and experimental. The introduction is divided into four main parts which describe: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, the most popular antidepressants, new compounds based on the carbazole structure with affinity for serotonin receptors, telomeres and telomerase with their functions, telomerase inhibition strategies, carbazoles approved in cancer treatment, new carbazole derivatives which are telomerase inhibitors and selected methods of synthesis tetrahydrocarbazole and carbazole derivatives. The main part of the work are results and discussion. In this chapter the effects of experiments in the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indoles, 1,2,4-trisubstituted carbazole derivatives and 1,2,3,6-tetrasubstituted carbazole derivatives are described. The experimental part includes procedures for the preparation of compounds, spectral analysis of products and a list of instruments that were used in the implementation of this work.
Biomass in biogas production: Pretreatment and codigestion
- Archana Kasinath
- Sylwia Fudala-Książek
- Małgorzata Szopińska
- Hubert Byliński
- Wojciech Artichowicz
- Anna Remiszewska-Skwarek
- Aneta Łuczkiewicz
2021 Pełny tekst RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
Globally, there is increasing awareness that the implementation of ‘waste to energy’ technology is one of the best means to achieve sustainable energy development. The most popular approach is the conversion of organic-rich compounds into clean and renewable products by anaerobic digestion (AD). Biogas can be produced from agricultural residues, municipal/industrial biowastes, and sustainable biomass, especially materials that are locally available. However, in many cases, the methane yields obtained from the conventional AD process are regarded as having limited profitability. This paper summarizes the recent knowledge regarding the different strategies that are used to enhance AD efficiency and the methods to strengthen the existing incentives to overcome today's barriers to biogas production. Special attention was given to several approaches used to improve the biodegradability of organic matter and the methane potential of feedstocks, mainly codigestion and pretreatment of single/mixed substrates. The statistical analyses indicated enormous variability among biogas systems, thus, there is a need for unification of the methods applied for process control and the parameters used for the discussion of results. A synchronized methodology is also needed to understand the environmental advantages and drawbacks of selected utilization pathways in biogas production. Currently, the underestimated potential of AD is of growing interest, and pretreatment/codigestion can directly increase the effectiveness of this technology and lead to its optimization. Nonetheless, a proper evaluation of the environmental (e.g., sustainable biomass) and social (e.g., bioaerosol nuisance) aspects is also needed.
Biomass Production and Removal of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Processed Municipal Wastewater by Salix schwerinii: A Field Trial
- Muhammad Mohsin
- Erik Kaipiainen
- Mir Md Abdus Salam
- Nikolai Evstishenkov
- Nicole Nawrot
- Aki Villa
- Ewa Wojciechowska
- Suvi Kuittinen
- Ari Pappinen
2021 Pełny tekst Water
In many Baltic regions, short-rotation willow (Salix spp.) is used as a vegetation filter for wastewater treatment and recycling of valuable nutrients to upsurge bioeconomy development. In this context, a four-year field trial (2016–2019) was carried out near a wastewater treatment plant in eastern Finland (Outokumpu) to investigate the effect of the processed wastewater (WW) on biomass production as well as the nutrients uptake capability (mainly N and P) by a willow variety (Salix schwerinii). Results indicated that WW irrigation expressively increased the willow diameter growth and biomass yield around 256% and 6510%, respectively, compared to the control treatment site (without WW). The willow was also able to accumulate approximately 41–60% of the N and 32–50% of the P in two years (2018–2019). Overall, willow showed a total 20% mortality rate under WW irrigation throughout the growing periods (2017–2019) as compared to control (39%). The results demonstrate that willow has the potential to control eutrophication (reducing nutrients load) from the wastewater with the best survival rate and can provide high biomass production for bioenergy generations in cold climatic conditions.
Biomass-Derived Nitrogen Functionalized Carbon Nanodots and Their Anti-Biofouling Properties
- Maria Rybarczyk
- Emilia Gontarek-Castro
- Karolina Ollik
- Marek Lieder
2021 Pełny tekst Processes
The prevalence of the antibiotic resistant bacteria remains a global issue. Cheap, sustainable and multifunctional antibacterial membranes are at the forefront of filtrating materials capable of treating multiple flow streams, such as water cleansing treatments. Carbon nanomaterials are particularly interesting objects shown to enhance antibacterial properties of composite materials. In this article, amino-functionalized, photoluminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) were synthesized from chitosan by bottom-up approach via simple and green hydrothermal carbonization. A chemical model for the CNDs formation during hydrothermal treatment of chitosan is proposed. The use of urea as an additional nitrogen source leads to the consumption of hydroxyl groups of chitosan and higher nitrogen doping level as pyridinic and pyrrolic N-bonding configurations in the final carbonaceous composition. These functionalized carbon nanodots that consist of carbon core and various surface functional groups were used to modify the commercially available membranes in order to enhance their anti-biofouling properties and add possible functionalities, including fluorescent labelling. Incorporation of CNDs to membranes increased their hydrophilicity, surface charge without compromising membranes integrity, thereby increasing the factors affecting bacterial wall disruption. Membranes modified with CNDs effectively stopped the growth of two Gramnegative bacterial colonies: Klebsiella oxytoca (K. oxytoca) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine Injury in Road Barrier Collision–Finite Element Study
- Łukasz Pachocki
- Karol Daszkiewicz
- Piotr Łuczkiewicz
- Wojciech Witkowski
2021 Pełny tekst Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Literature and field data from CIREN database have shown that lumbar spine injuries occur during car crashes. There are multiple hypotheses regarding how they occur; however, there is no biomechanical explanation for these injuries during collisions with road safety barriers (RSBs). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanics of vertebral fractures during car collisions with concrete RSBs. The finite element method was used for the numerical simulations. The global model of the car collision with the concrete RSB was created. The lumbar spine kinematics were extracted from the global simulation and then applied as boundary conditions to the detailed lumbar spine model. The results showed that during the collision, the occupant was elevated, and then dropped during the vehicle landing. This resulted in axial compression forces 2.6 kN with flexion bending moments 34.7 and 37.8 Nm in the L2 and L3 vertebrae. It was shown that the bending moment is the result of the longitudinal force on the eccentricity. The lumbar spine index for the L1–L5 section was 2.80, thus indicating a lumbar spine fracture. The minimum principal strain criterion of 7.4% and damage variable indicated L2 and L3 vertebrae and the inferior part of L1, as those potentially prone to fracture. This study found that lumbar spine fractures could occur as a consequence of vehicle landing during a collision with a concrete RSB mostly affecting the L1–L3 lumbar spine section. The fracture was caused by a combination of axial forces and flexion bending moments.
Biomechanics of the medial meniscus in the osteoarthritic knee joint
- Karol Daszkiewicz
- Piotr Łuczkiewicz
2021 Pełny tekst PeerJ
Background. Increased mechanical loading and pathological response of joint tissue to the abnormal mechanical stress can cause degradation of cartilage characteristic of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Despite osteoarthritis is risk factor for the development of meniscal lesions the mechanism of degenerative meniscal lesions is still unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the influence of medial compartment knee OA on the stress state and deformation of the medial meniscus. Methods. The finite element method was used to simulate the stance phase of the gait cycle. An intact knee model was prepared based on magnetic resonance scans of the left knee joint of a healthy volunteer. Degenerative changes in the medial knee OA model were simulated by nonuniform reduction in articular cartilage thickness in specific areas and by a decrease in the material parameters of cartilage and menisci. Two additional models were created to separately evaluate the effect of alterations in articular cartilage geometry and material parameters of the soft tissues on the results. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed for standardized knee loads applied to the tibia bone. Results. The maximum von Mises stress of 26.8 MPa was observed in the posterior part of the medial meniscus body in the OA model. The maximal hoop stress for the first peak of total force was 83% greater in the posterior horn and only 11% greater in the anterior horn of the medial meniscus in the OA model than in the intact model. The reduction in cartilage thickness caused an increase of 57% in medial translation of the medial meniscus body. A decrease in the compressive modulus of menisci resulted in a 2.5-fold greater reduction in the meniscal body width compared to the intact model. Conclusions. Higher hoop stress levels on the inner edge of the posterior part of the medial meniscus in the OA model than in the intact model are associated with a greater medial translation of the meniscus body and a greater reduction in its width. The considerable increase in hoop stresses shows that medial knee OA may contribute to the initiation of meniscal radial tears.
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN POLAND - PIONEERS AND INSTITUTIONS
- Antoni Nowakowski
2021
The aim of this chapter is to show the history of biomedical engineering education in Poland, from the beginning till today with special task to underline the role of modern information technology. This story is not very old, just around one century, that may be classified into four basic periods related to important historic events. First are the beginnings before the second world war. Then post-war recovery and development of fundamentals, this is the period from 1946 till around 1970. The third period, till the change of political system in Poland in “nineties”, may be called formation of multicentre knowledge based education. Finally, from ca 1995, development of modern biomedical engineering education supported by “explosion” of information technologies. Each period is here characterised. Many data are given based on personal memory as the author was privileged to know almost all pioneers involved in biomedical engineering education in Poland and participated in many important events/moments of institutions involved in development of modern biomedical engineering.