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Politechniki Gdańskiej

Publikacje z roku 2021

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  • Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of steam storage in a steam cycle in a different regime of work: A zero-dimensional and three-dimensional approach
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Natalia Szewczuk-Krypa
    • Anna Butterweck
    • Michał Stjanke
    • Stanisław Głuch
    • Marta Drosińska-Komor
    • Anna Milewska
    • Jerzy Głuch
    2021 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESOURCES TECHNOLOGY-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME

    Due to the current trends aiming to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by increasing the use of renewable energy sources, changes are required in the operation of coal-fired steam units. The unstable nature of renewable energy sources, depending on weather conditions, means that the amount of energy produced varies and is not always in line with peak demand. To ensure the security and stability of energy supplies in the energy system, renewable sources should cooperate with units independent of environmental conditions. With conventional steam systems, the main issue of such energy storage applied to steam turbine units presented in the paper, which, in the event of a need for a sudden reduction of the system load, prevents overloading of the boiler and turbines, improving the safety of the system. This article presents a thermodynamic model of this energy storage. A zero-dimensional (0D) model was implemented, including the operating parameters of the unit. This model directly relates to the thermodynamic parameters defined at specific points of the thermodynamic cycle. Based on the 0D model, it was shown that the process of loading the energy storage with steam leads to a load reduction of up to 4%. On the other hand, when discharging the stored energy, the net power of the steam block may increase by 0.4%. For more detailed analysis, a three-dimensional (3D) non-equilibrium with including cross effects approach was applied. This approach is based on flow models, with phase transitions that determine temperature fields, densities, phase transition in relevant space, and is used for more accurate analysis. Here we investigate the relationship between the 0D and 3D approaches in the context of steam storage. The combination of these two approaches is the fundamental novelty of the article.


  • Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the CAES system coupled with the underground thermal energy storage taking into account global, central and local level of energy conversion
    • Rafał Hyrzyński
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Sylwia Gotzman
    • Bartosz Kraszewski
    • Tomasz Ochrymiuk
    • Janusz Badur
    2021 RENEWABLE ENERGY

    A key aspect of CAES is the optimal configuration of the thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, the situation of cooperation between the current conventional power plants and wind farms is analyzed, and then, based on thermodynamic models, the process of storing thermal and electrical energy in the CAES system coupled with a heat storage and recovery is developed. Therefore, three levels can be distinguished, namely: the global level of energy production; the central level of energy conversion and storage; and the local level of heat storage. Two different types of a CAES, with and without an Underground Heat Exchanger (UHE), were analyzed. The round-trip efficiency of CAES with a UHE approaches 52.26%. The article also analyses transient phenomena of charging and discharge the heat storage with UHE. The heat transfer rate and temperature received from the underground thermal energy storage was estimated. For this purpose, preliminary thermal-FSI approach was coupled with zerodimensional model of CAES. The newly proposed CAES with a UHE, never studied before, can be used for applications requiring a high round-trip efficiency.


  • Computational analysis of an infinite magneto-thermoelastic solid periodically dispersed with varying heat flow based on non-local Moore–Gibson–Thompson approach
    • Ahmed E. Abouelregal
    • Hamid M. Sedighi
    • Ali H. Shirazi
    • Mohammad Malikan
    • Victor Eremeev
    2021 Pełny tekst CONTINUUM MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS

    In this investigation, a computational analysis is conducted to study a magneto-thermoelastic problem for an isotropic perfectly conducting half-space medium. The medium is subjected to a periodic heat flow in the presence of a continuous longitude magnetic field. Based on Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation, a new generalized model has been investigated to address the considered problem. The introduced model can be formulated by combining the Green–Naghdi Type III and Lord–Shulman models. Eringen’s non-local theory has also been applied to demonstrate the effect of thermoelastic materials which depends on small scale. Some special cases as well as previous thermoelasticity models are deduced from the presented approach. In the domain of the Laplace transform, the system of equations is expressed and the problem is solved using state space method. The converted physical expressions are numerically reversed by Zakian’s computational algorithm. The analysis indicates the significant influence on field variables of non-local modulus and magnetic field with larger values. Moreover, with the established literature, the numerical results are satisfactorily examined.


  • Computational and experimental evaluation of view out according to European Standard EN17037.
    • Marta Waczyńska
    • Natalia Sokół
    • Justyna Martyniuk-Pęczek
    2021 BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT

    This paper presents an experimental evaluation of view out based on EN17037:2018 Daylight in Buildings within an educational building. The primary motivation to conduct the research was an introduction of a view out appraisal criteria by the mentioned standard. The study gives insights into the following: (i) the use of computational evaluation of an outside view according to the EN17037 criteria (ii) the use of the direct simultaneous questionnaire to assess the view out (iii) a description of the relationships between the normative criteria and users' subjective assessments of view out, and (iv) the link between the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the evaluation of view out. The study was conducted using a three step approach: S1 – a computational evaluation of the outside view according to the standard's recommendations: distance to the nearest obstacle, number of visible layers and angle of the view; S2 – a view out evaluation based on a direct questionnaire in the selected indoor spaces under various daylight conditions; S3 – analysis and comparison of the results. The data was collected in 2019 and 2020 with 169 evaluations from volunteering architecture students. The key findings are: (i) the outcome of the subjective participants' evaluation of the view out differs from the results generated through computational simulations based on the EN17037 ratings (ii) similar results were recorded in reference to the estimation of the layers of the view, and (iii) the responders rated the view out one rank lower than the computational evaluation suggests.


  • Computational fluid dynamics simulation of heat transfer from densely packed gold nanoparticles to isotropic media
    • Piotr Radomski
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    • Luciano de Sio
    2021 Pełny tekst Archives of Thermodynamics

    This work aims to determine and compare heat generation and propagation of densely packed gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) induced by a resonant laser beam (532 nm) according to the Mie theory. The heat flux propagation is transferred into the materials, which here are: silica glass; soda-lime-silica glass; borosilicate glass; polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA); polycarbonate (PC); and polydimetylosiloxane (PDMS). This analysis aims to select the optimum material serving as a base for using photo-thermoablation. On the other hand, research focused only on Newtonian heat transfer in gold, not on non-Fourier ones, like the Cattaneo approach. As a simulation tool, a computational fluid dynamics code with the second-order upwind algorithm is selected. Results reveal a near-Gaussian and Gaussian temperature distribution profile during the heating and cooling processes, respectively. Dependence between the maximum temperature after irradiation and the glass thermal conductivity is observed confirming the Fourier law. Due to the maximum heating area, the borosilicate or soda-lime glass, which serves as a base, shall represent an excellent candidate for future experiments.


  • Computational Methods for Liver Vessel Segmentation in Medical Imaging: A Review
    • Marcin Ciecholewski
    • Michał Kassjański
    2021 Pełny tekst SENSORS

    The segmentation of liver blood vessels is of major importance as it is essential for formulating diagnoses, planning and delivering treatments, as well as evaluating the results of clinical procedures. Different imaging techniques are available for application in clinical practice, so the segmentation methods should take into account the characteristics of the imaging technique. Based on the literature, this review paper presents the most advanced and effective methods of liver vessel segmentation, as well as their performance according to the metrics used. This paper includes results available for four imaging methods, namely: computed tomography (CT), computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance (MR), and ultrasonography (USG). The publicly available datasets used in research are also presented. This paper may help researchers gain better insight into the available materials and methods, making it easier to develop new, more effective solutions, as well as to improve existing approaches. This article analyzes in detail various segmentation methods, which can be divided into three groups: active contours, tracking-based, and machine learning techniques. For each group of methods, their theoretical and practical characteristics are discussed, and the pros and cons are highlighted. The most advanced and promising approaches are also suggested. However, we conclude that liver vasculature segmentation is still an open problem, because of the various deficiencies and constraints researchers need to address and try to eliminate from the solutions used.


  • Computer Support of Analysis of Optical Spectra Measurements
    • Sandra Pawłowska
    2021 Pełny tekst Engineering Proceedings

    The verification of measurement errors has a big impact on the assessment of the accuracy of conducted measurements and obtained results. In many cases, computer simulation results are compared with measurement results in order to evaluate measurement errors. The purpose of our research was to check the accuracy of measurements made with a Fabry–Perot interferometer working in the transmission mode. In the measurement setup, a 1310 nm superluminescent diode light source, single-mode optical fibers and an optical spectrum analyzer were used. The influence of the length of the resonating cavity and refractive index on the envelope of the optical spectrum was investigated. A program was created that models the envelope of the optical spectrum on the basis of the length of the resonating cavity, the refractive index and the light source output spectral characteristic, which in simulation was assumed to have the shape of Gaussian distribution. After the simulation the program compares the simulated and measured optical spectrum. The comparison of simulated and measured optical spectra proved to be challenging due to the shift in the position of the central peak between the simulated and measured optical spectrum. There are two ways to perform model fitting: by adjusting the position of central peaks or minimums next to the central peak. It was observed that the second solution was more optimal and was implemented in the program.


  • Computer support of analysis optical spectra measurements
    • Sandra Pawłowska
    • Jakub Gierowski
    2021 Pełny tekst

    Verification of measurement errors has a big impact on assessment of accuracy of conducted measurements and obtained results. In many cases computer simulation results are compared with measurement results in order to evaluate measurement errors. The purpose of our research was to check the accuracy of measurements made with Fabry-Perot interferometer working in the transmission mode. In measurement setup, a 1310 nm superluminescent diode light source, single-mode optical fibres and optical spectrum analyser were used. Influence of length of resonating cavity and refractive index on the envelope of interferogram was investigated. We created a program that models envelope of the interferogram on the basis of: length of the resonating cavity, refractive index and light source output spectral characteristic, which in simulation, was assumed to have shape of Gaussian distribution. After the simulation the program compares simulated and measured interferograms. The comparison of simulated and measured interferograms proved to be challenging due to the shift in the position of the central peak between the simulated and measured interferogram. There are two ways to perform model fitting: by adjusting the position of central peaks or minimums next to the central peak. It was observed, that the second solution was more optimal and was implemented in the program


  • Concept of an Innovative Autonomous Unmanned System for Bathymetric Monitoring of Shallow Waterbodies (INNOBAT System)
    • Mariusz Specht
    • Andrzej Stateczny
    • Cezary Specht
    • Szymon Widźgowski
    • Oktawia Lewicka
    • Marta Wiśniewska
    2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    Bathymetry is a subset of hydrography, aimed at measuring the depth of waterbodies and waterways. Measurements are taken inter alia to detect natural obstacles or other navigational obstacles that endanger the safety of navigation, to examine the navigability conditions, anchorages, waterways and other commercial waterbodies, and to determine the parameters of the safe depth of waterbodies in the vicinity of ports, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to produce precise and reliable seabed maps, so that any hazards that may occur, particularly in shallow waterbodies, can be prevented, including the high dynamics of hydromorphological changes. This publication is aimed at developing a concept of an innovative autonomous unmanned system for bathymetric monitoring of shallow waterbodies. A bathymetric and topographic system will use autonomous unmanned aerial and surface vehicles to study the seabed relief in the littoral zone (even at depths of less than 1 m), in line with the requirements set out for the most stringent International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) order—exclusive. Unlike other existing solutions, the INNOBAT system will enable the coverage of the entire surveyed area with measurements, which will allow a comprehensive assessment of the hydrographic and navigation situation in the waterbody to be conducted.


  • Concept of managing quality in baking industry, in vector representation
    • Radosław Drozd
    2021 Pełny tekst Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

    The author introduced an innovative metrisable method of describing a manufacturing process. The idea of vector structure of a manufacturing process allows to formulate quantitative relations between the activity of input streams, elements of product quality, and measurable effects of losses. The structure was basis for the formulation of the concept of the process of managing product quality in the baking industry in a vector representation. The application of systems engineering allows for a measurable answer to the fundamental questions of the goal of the manufacturing process, its efficiency in the context of combining all the elements, including product quality, as well as other improving activities.


  • Concurrent Video Denoising and Deblurring for Dynamic Scenes
    • Efkleidis Katsaros
    • Piotr Kopa Ostrowski
    • Daniel Węsierski
    • Anna Jezierska
    2021 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    Dynamic scene video deblurring is a challenging task due to the spatially variant blur inflicted by independently moving objects and camera shakes. Recent deep learning works bypass the ill-posedness of explicitly deriving the blur kernel by learning pixel-to-pixel mappings, which is commonly enhanced by larger region awareness. This is a difficult yet simplified scenario because noise is neglected when it is omnipresent in a wide spectrum of video processing applications. Despite its relevance, the problem of concurrent noise and dynamic blur has not yet been addressed in the deep learning literature. To this end, we analyze existing state-of-the-art deblurring methods and encounter their limitations in handling non-uniform blur under strong noise conditions. Thereafter, we propose a first-to-date work that addresses blur- and noise-free frame recovery by casting the restoration problem into a multi-task learning framework. Our contribution is threefold: a) We propose R2-D4, a multi-scale encoder architecture attached to two cascaded decoders performing the restoration task in two steps. b) We design multi-scale residual dense modules, bolstered by our modulated efficient channel attention, to enhance the encoder representations via augmenting deformable convolutions to capture longer-range and object-specific context that assists blur kernel estimation under strong noise. c) We perform extensive experiments and evaluate state-of-the-art approaches on a publicly available dataset under different noise levels. The proposed method performs favorably under all noise levels while retaining a reasonably low computational and memory footprint.


  • Conductive Thermoplastic Polyurethane Nanocomposite Foams Derived from a Cellulose/MWCNTs Aerogel Framework: Simultaneous Enhancement of Piezoresistance, Strength, and Endurance
    • Yanpei Fei
    • Feng Chen
    • Wei Fang
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Lixin Xu
    • Tong Liu
    • Zhong Mingqiang
    • Jintao Yang
    • Tairong Kuang
    2021 Journal of Materials Chemistry C

    High conductivity and excellent mechanical properties of composite polymers favors their application as piezoresistive strain sensors. Nonetheless, it is difficult to develop composite polymers with desirable piezoresistance, mechanicaland durable properties. Herein, we developed conductive cellulose/MWCNTs aerogel using the freeze-drying technique. Besides, we explored the application of the highly-sensitive piezoresistive polymer following supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) foaming, in cellulose/MWCNTs aerogel-thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposites. Due to the low density (~0.15 g/cm3) of cellulose/MWCNTs, high porosity (90%) and high electric conductivity (2.04 S/m, cellulose/MWCNTs= 1/10), the CPC foam exhibited a remarkable low percolation threshold (MWCNTs loading of ~0.07%) and high piezoresistive sensitivity (GF value of 7.84). Nevertheless, the microcellular structure of composite foam remains stable with regard to energy loss coefficient and piezoresistance after several compression cycles (1000 cycles). The behavior of the prepared composite foams under different conditions was also evaluated. Overall, the piezoresistive sensors can be used in real-time monitoring of human movement.


  • Connected components of the space of proper gradient vector fields
    • Maciej Starostka
    2021 Pełny tekst Journal of Fixed Point Theory and Applications

    We show that there exist two proper gradient vector fields on Rn which are homotopic in the category of proper maps but not homotopic in the category of proper gradient maps.


  • Conservation aspects of cast-iron platform shelters on the example of Vistula Pomerania railway stations
    • Michał Kwasek
    2021 Pełny tekst Architectus

    Cast-iron shelters were used in the 19th century as cheaper alternatives to large platform halls. Nevertheless, they were aesthetically distinguishable from later riveted solutions. Because of their durability and continuous utility, they were not the subject of disassembly, as numerous transport infrastructure objects have been in recent decades. This article aims to indicate proper conservation practices during construction works on cast-iron platform shelters. Nowadays, most frequently, they take place during the modernization of railroad stations. As presented in this text, the approach to conservation procedures can be significantly different. The paper investigates technical and architectural solutions of selected instances of cast-iron platform shelters in Vistula Pomerania. Some references to foreign designs are also presented. The analysis of literature and archival documentation of the project, as well as the field studies, enabled us to formulate conclusions – recommendations for the proper procedure in respect of this type of object. Cast-iron platform shelters ought to be preserved as the unique remnant of 19th-century architecture. It is recommended to use an adequately selected material during the works and to restore the artistic qualities of cast-iron structures by restoring their original paintings. The author also refers to the realization of new roofing created in the preserved historical objects’ closest vicinity. Based on the illustrated instances, he recommends efforts to maintain consistency between new or reconstructed structures and authentic 19th-century ones. Simultaneously author emphasizes the necessity of avoiding the obliteration of the distinction between them. He drew attention to the challenges of repairing cast-iron pillars, giving examples of techniques that can be applied.


  • Consideration of dynamic loads in the determination of axle load spectra for pavement design
    • Dawid Ryś
    2021 Pełny tekst Road Materials and Pavement Design

    Axle load spectra constitute a crucial part of the data for pavement design and pavement distress analysis. Typically, axle load spectra represent static load from vehicles and do not include dynamic loads generated by vehicles in motion. While dynamic loads can significantly contribute to faster pavement distress, this fact is mostly omitted in pavement design methods. The paper presents a methodology for consideration of dynamic loads in axle load spectra for mechanistic-empirical pavement design. Calculations of dynamic axle load spectra for pavements of various evenness (expressed by IRI) and various vehicle speeds were performed and discussed. The effect of dynamic axle load spectra on pavement performance was analysed. M-EPDG calculations performed for three selected flexible pavements show that dynamic loads have a minor effect on pavement performance if the pavement is smooth and IRI is close to 1.0 mm/m. The detrimental effects of dynamic axle loads increase rapidly with the pavement evenness deterioration, resulting in faster (up to 25%) development of pavement distresses for IRI = 4.0 mm/m and a vehicle speed of 60 km/h. The analysis proved that thinner pavement structures are more sensitive to dynamic loads than thicker pavement structures. The investigation of vehicle speed impact on vehicle dynamic loads and pavement performance showed that at low vehicle speed (30 km/h) dynamic loads have a minor effect and pavement distress results mostly from a decrease in stiffness modulus of asphalt mixture and increase in permanent deformations, while for vehicle speeds higher than 90 km/h dynamic loads significantly contribute to pavement distress and adverse dynamic effects are not compensated by an increase in stiffness modulus of asphalt mixtures. The results also emphasise the significance of proper pavement evenness maintenance, especially on high speed motorways.


  • Contact with coupled adhesion and friction: Computational framework, applications, and new insights
    • Janine C. Mergel
    • Julien Scheibert
    • Roger Sauer
    2021 JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS

    Contact involving soft materials often combines dry adhesion, sliding friction, and large deformations. At the local level, these three aspects are rarely captured simultaneously, but included in the theoretical models by Mergel et al., (2019). We here develop a corresponding finite element framework that captures 3D finite-strain contact of two deformable bodies. This framework is suitable to investigate sliding friction even under tensile normal loads. First, we demonstrate the capabilities of our finite element model using both 2D and 3D test cases, which range from compliant tapes to structures with high stiffness, and include deformable–rigid and deformable–deformable contact. We then provide new results on the onset of sliding of smooth elastomer–glass interfaces, a setup that couples nonlinear material behavior, adhesion, and large frictional stresses. Our simulations not only agree well with both experimental and theoretical findings, they also provide new insights into the current debate on the shear-induced reduction of the contact area in elastomeric contact.


  • Contemporary bottom-up tools for public spaces activation. Współczesne oddolne narzędzia aktywizacji przestrzeni publicznych
    • Anastasiia Dubinina
    • Karolina Krośnicka
    • Magdalena Rembeza
    2021 Pełny tekst Przestrzeń Ekonomia Społeczeństwo

    This article attempts to figure out the current understanding of public spaces and the contemporary tools for bottom-up activation of public spaces to make them more friendly and functional. The paper investigates contemporary public spaces' challenges and what tools can be used to improve them. In this research, the main issue will be the question: what kind of tools and actions can be offered to maintain the quality of public spaces? There are two basic approaches for bettering public spaces: ‘bottom-up’ and ‘top-down’. The paper concentrates on the first approach and considers such methods as place-making and tactical urbanism in designing public spaces along with the community involvement. The work describes an increasing need for an architect, urban designer and planner to be involved in the process of city revitalisation as an interface between the local government and the inhabitants. This study attempts to answer the question of what is a connection between the architectural and social context of the public realm and the relationship between different types of public spaces, what makes public space friendly for users. How do public spaces help to strengthen social connections in towns, what is connection between architectural context and social context of the public realm. The presented study cases explain the different approaches and tools of place-making, including creative place-making.


  • Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized Unsymmetrical Vinyl Disulfides and Their Inverse Electron-Demand Hetero-Diels-Alder Reaction
    • Bartosz Jędrzejewski
    • Mateusz Musiejuk
    • Justyna Doroszuk
    • Dariusz Witt
    2021 Pełny tekst Materials

    The simple, convenient, and efficient methods for the preparation of unsymmetrical vinyl disulfides with additional functional groups under mild conditions with moderate to high yields were designed. The developed methods include the reaction of S-vinyl phosphorodithioate with thiotosylates or S-vinyl thiotosylate with thiols. The designed methods allow for the synthesis of unsymmetrical vinyl disulfides with additional functionalities such as hydroxy, carboxy, protected amino, or ester groups. Vinyl disulfides reacted with the generated transient o-iminothioquinones in an inverse electron-demand [4+2] cycloaddition to produce benzo[b][1,4]thiazine derivatives


  • Converting beach wrack into a resource as a challenge for the Baltic Sea (an overview)
    • Boris Chubarenko
    • Jana Woelfel
    • Jana Hofmann
    • Steffen Aldag
    • Jacek Bełdowski
    • Juris Burlakovs
    • T. Garrels
    • Julia Gorbunova
    • Sara Guizani
    • Alicja Kupczyk
    • Lech Kotwicki
    • D. Domnin
    • Magdalena Gajewska
    • William Hogland
    • Katarzyna Kołecka
    • Jacob Nielsen
    • Hendrik Schubert
    2021 OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT

    The paper distinguishes beach wrack, the marine generated organic part of beach cast, as a separate management object and discusses research questions related to its management and economically viable use. Based on experiences from the Baltic Sea and existing practices from countries with different management systems clear distinction between the management of natural and anthropogenic components of cast material is seen as an essential prerequisite for developing sustainable product chains that allow beach wrack to be used as a resource of commercial value. Presenting and discussing examples from Denmark, Germany, Poland, Russia and Sweden, social, ecological, and economic consequences of beach wrack removal are analysed to improve the attractiveness of beaches for recreational purposes. It also includes potential contribution to Baltic Sea water restoration processes through the removal of the organic part of beach cast, where indeed more studies about the chemical (nutrients, metals) composition of beach wrack are required for reliable calculation of a depuration rate. For local economies within the Baltic Sea region, the organic part of beach cast (beach wrack and terrestrial debris) has reasonable economic prospects as a renewable natural resource, e.g. for soil improvement products, in fertilisers and bio-coal production, for landfill covers (contributing to climate change mitigation), biogas generation, and even for coastal protection by providing humus-like material for accelerated dune vegetation succession. For all these recycling options the development of cost-efficient technologies for collecting beach cast on sandy as well as stony beaches and also for separating the organic part from sand and anthropogenic litter (mainly plastic), is urgently required. Amendments of legal regulations, that better reflect the dualism of beach cast are also required. In essence, dualism results from the fact that beach wrack is a part of nature (or a natural resource) when it remains on a beach. However, beach wrack immediately becomes legally categorised as waste once humans collect it irrespective of its litter content. Another legal aspect being dealt with originates from the migration of the beach wrack between water and beach, whilst it is an object of ерleagl cleaning operations only at the beach it onto the beach, but not whilst in the water.


  • Copper and copper-manganese 1D coordination polymers: Synthesis optimization, crystal structure and preliminary studies as catalysts for Baylis–Hillman reactions
    • Julyanna Cândido Dutra de Andrade
    • Lucas Araujo Trajano Silva
    • Claudio Gabriel Lima-Junior
    • Jarosław Chojnacki
    • Mário Luiz Araújo de Almeida Vasconcellos
    • R.b. da Silva
    • Severino Alves Junior
    • Fausthon F. da Silva
    2021 INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA

    This work reports the influence of experimental parameters (pH and counter-ion) in the synthesis of the 1D coordination polymer [Cu(IDA)(H2O)2]n (IDA = iminodiacetate), named here Cu-IDA. Copper-manganese bimetallic coordination polymers were also obtained by isomorphic replacement into Cu-IDA structure, with different molar ratio of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions, denoted here as Cu/Mn-IDA (0.9/0.1; 0.7/0.3 and 0.5/0.5). New coordination polymers are isostructural to Cu-IDA and amounts of manganese atoms inserted into crystalline structure were evaluated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement. All coordination polymers obtained were also characterized by infrared absorption spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Homometallic and bimetallic compounds were evaluated as catalysts for Baylis-Hillman reaction with yields and reaction times comparable or superior to those in the literature. Compounds containing manganese cations shows higher catalytic performance, especially Cu/Mn-IDA (0.9/0.1) with yield 91% in 5 h of reaction. Results also indicate an important role played by the metallic centre in the catalytic mechanism