2021 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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Small Urban Hacks - Big Impact! Tackling major urban challenges through acupunctural smallness
- Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska
- David Calas
- Edeltraud Haselsteiner,
- Marielle Ferreira SILVA
- Aránzazu Galán González
- Emanuela Giancola
- Mihaela Hărmănescu
- Silvia Soutullo Castro
2021
Small urban hacks, acupunctural action and process-oriented planning approaches might appear to address quite a socio-romantic attitude towards our urban environments. In this chapter, our aim is to remedy such a biased view, demonstrating the impact and potential of smallness in the context of major urban challenges. Small urban hacks and their multi-faceted and creativity-driven approaches of small is beautiful are selected from all over Europe to investigate the rigidity of the existing urban fabric. Small actions are reflected in a quantitative and qualitative way, analyzing and critically dissecting their impact, civic acceptance and efforts to achieve a resilient future urban spirit. This meticulous inspection reframes the urban acupuncture standpoint, outlining the possibility for reconciliation between both former and current planning credos in view of present and upcoming urban threats.
Smart Approach for Glioma Segmentation in Magnetic Resonance Imaging using Modified Convolutional Network Architecture (U-NET)
- Nosheen Sohail
- Syed M. Anwar
- Farhat Majeed
- Edward Szczerbicki
2021 Pełny tekst CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS
Segmentation of a brain tumor from magnetic resonance multimodal images is a challenging task in the field of medical imaging. The vast diversity in potential target regions, appearance and multifarious intensity threshold levels of various tumor types are few of the major factors that affect segmentation results. An accurate diagnosis and its treatment demand strict delineation of the tumor affected tissues. Herein, we focus on a smart, automated, and robust segmentation approach for brain tumor using a modified 3D U-Net architecture. The pre-operative multimodal 3D-MRI scans of High-Grade Glioma (HGG) and Low-Grade Glioma (LGG) are used as data. Our proposed approach solves the problem of memory and system resource constraints by robustly applying dense network training on image patches of 3D volumes. It improves the border region artifact detection by applying convolutions at an appropriate phase in the proposed neural network. Multi-class imbalance data are handled by using Categorical Cross Entropy (CCE) loss developed by combining the Weighted Cross Entropy (WCE) with Weighted Multi-class Dice Loss (WMDL) functions, which enables the network to perform smart segmentation of the smaller tumorous regions. The proposed approach is tested and evaluated for the challenge datasets of multimodal MRI volumes of tumor patients. Experiments are performed to compute the average dice scores on BraTS-2019 and BraTS-2020 datasets for the whole tumor region.
Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region.
- Anna Grzegórska
- Piotr Rybarczyk
- Valdas Lukoševičius
- Joanna Sobczak
- Andrzej Rogala
2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES
The purpose of this review is to provide insight and a comparison of the current status of district heating (DH) systems for selected Baltic Sea countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden), especially from viewpoints of application and solutions of novel smart asset management (SAM) approaches. Furthermore, this paper considers European projects ongoing from 2016, involving participants from the Baltic Sea Region, concerning various aspects of DH systems. The review presents the energy sources with particular attention to renewable energy sources (RES), district heating generations, and the exploitation problems of DH systems. The essential point is a comparison of traditional maintenance systems versus SAM solutions for optimal design, operating conditions, and controlling of the DH networks. The main conclusions regarding DH systems in Baltic Sea countries are commitment towards a transition to 4th generation DH, raising the quality and efficiency of heat supply systems, and simultaneously minimizing the costs. The overall trends show that applied technologies aim to increase the share of renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, examples presented in this review underline the importance of the implementation of a smart asset management concept to modern DH systems.
Smart Cities Concept - Readiness of City Halls as a Measure of Reaching a Smart City Perception
- Aleksander Orłowski
2021 CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS
The article presents a proposal for a new approach to the assessment of Smart Cities: testing the readiness of city halls to a Smart City. The approach is the result of two-year studies involving ten major city halls. Readiness is compared with the previously used Smart City assessment methods: rankings or ISO standards. The relationship between readiness and organization maturity was also presented. The key role of city halls in Smart City processes is also discussed. Further, the new approach is verified by selected city halls, NGOs and IT companies.
Smart city and fire detection using thermal imaging
- Magdalena Mazur-Milecka
- Natalia Głowacka
- Mariusz Kaczmarek
- Adam Bujnowski
- Miłosz Kaszyński
- Jacek Rumiński
2021 Pełny tekst
In this paper, we summarize the results obtained from fire experiments. The aim of the work was to develop new methods of fire detection using IR thermal imaging cameras and dedicated image processing. We conducted 4 experiments in different configurations and with the use of different objects. The conducted experiments have shown the great usefulness of infrared cameras for detecting the seeds of a fire. Even cheap low-resolution bolometric detector modules can detect hot spots.
Smart platforms for collaborative urban design and peer-to-peer sharing of resources
- Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska
- Barry Hayes
- Aleksandar Petrovski
- Clarice Bleil De Souza
- Cristina Jiménez-pulido
2021
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Smart Specialization through Cluster Policy. Evidence from Poland and Germany
- Anna Lis
- Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
- Marta Mackiewicz
2021
The purpose of the chapter is to investigate the interlinks and commonalities between clusters and regional smart specialization strategies (through the prism of experiences of Polish and German regions). The main research strategy was international comparative analysis, and the basic technique for collecting data was document analysis. The research used the four-level procedure of selecting documents, which allowed identification of detailed information about the cluster policy in Poland and Germany, Regional Smart Specializations in all the regions in both these countries, their leading clusters, and two regions selected for in-depth research (Pomerania and Saxony). The research results show that the cluster policy can be treated as the basis for the implementation of the S3, both in Poland and Germany. This applies in particular to the leading clusters established in each of these countries, which, however, seem to be better suited to the RSS scope in Germany than in Poland. Furthermore, except cluster policy, in the process of emergence of regional smart specializations, previous experiences with regional innovation strategies turned out to be important, as can be seen in the example of German regions. The empirical findings can thus provide some practical implications—policy makers responsible for the implementation of S3 should take into account solutions previously developed both as part of cluster and innovation policy. The findings add to the state-of-the-art knowledge on the link between cluster policy and smart specialization strategy by depicting the roles of leading clusters in S3 implementation in the regional context.
Smartphones as tools for equitable food quality assessment
- Kaja Kalinowska
- Wojciech Wojnowski
- Marek Tobiszewski
2021 Pełny tekst TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Background: The ubiquity of smartphones equipped with an array of sophisticated sensors, ample processing power, network connectivity and a convenient interface makes them a promising tool for non-invasive, portable food quality assessment. Combined with the recent developments in the areas of IoT, deep learning algorithms and cloud computing, they present an opportunity for advancing wide-spread, equitable and sustainable food analytical methods that could be used at each stage of food production and distribution. Scope and Approach: This review focuses on the use of smartphone-based methods in food quality assessment and monitoring, with particular emphasis on the ones in which smartphones are used as detectors, either on their own or in conjunction with more elaborate analytical procedures. The role of these methods in common and equitable access to information on food quality is discussed, together with a consideration of the sustainability and greenness of the smartphone-based methods and a perspective on the methodology and validation. Additionally, recent developments and future research trends are also outlined. Key findings and conclusions: Despite the persisting limitations resulting from technical difficulties and the complexity of the food sample matrix, smartphones will play an increasingly important role in popularizing the access to food analytical techniques for on-site analysis as a readily available and convenient integrated interface, connectivity and remote sensing platforms.
Smooth Orthogonal Projections on Riemannian Manifold
- Marcin Bownik
- Karol Dziedziul
- Anna Kamont
2021 Pełny tekst POTENTIAL ANALYSIS
We construct a decomposition of the identity operator on a Riemannian manifold M as a sum of smooth orthogonal projections subordinate to an open cover of M. This extends a decomposition on the real line by smooth orthogonal projection due to Coifman and Meyer (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, S´er. I Math., 312(3), 259–261 1991) and Auscher, Weiss, Wickerhauser (1992), and a similar decomposition when M is the sphere by Bownik and Dziedziul (Const. Approx., 41, 23–48 2015).
Socioemotional Wealth (SEW) of Family Firms and CEO Behavioral Biases in the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- Elżbieta Bukalska
- Marek Zinecker
- Michał Pietrzak
2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES
Agreed upon by the UN member states, Agenda 2030 assumes joint action for long- term sustainable development. These actions are focused on the implementation of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), where actions are assumed to lead to the suppression of negative externalities of human activity. It is stressed that the objectives of sustainable development can only be achieved through deep institutional changes in most dimensions of the economy, including the entrepreneurship dimension. Entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in the sustainable transformation of the community, as the related activities of companies are the source of the desired structural changes. Entrepreneurial projects make the biggest contribution to the objectives of sustainable development through research and development, investment in new technologies, and innovation. The biggest threat to sustainable entrepreneurship is firms’ aggressive corporate financial strategy, which most often results from CEO overconfidence and aggressive financial behavior. The aim of the article is to indicate differences in corporate financial strategies regarding the status of the company (family or non-family) and CEO characteristics (overconfident or non-overconfident). The fulfilment of this aim by analyzing a selected EU member country (Poland) found more aggressive behavior of overconfident CEOs in non-family firms. It was also found that family firms are a fairly coherent group of companies that implement a more conservative corporate financial strategy regardless of CEO characteristics. We can state that family power can curb CEO overconfidence and its impact on aggressive financial strategy. This means that family firms are much more able to create sustainable entrepreneurship and contribute to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within a market framework.
Sodium nitrite as a corrosion inhibitor of copper in simulated cooling water
- Marziya Rizvi
- Husnu Gerengi
- Savas Kaya
- Ilyas Uygur
- Mesut Yıldız
- Ibrahim Sarıoglu
- Zafer Cingiz
- Michał Mielniczek
- Brahim El Ibrahimi
2021 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports
The corrosion inhibition behavior of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) towards pure copper (99.95%) in simulated cooling water (SCW) was investigated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS). NaNO2 interferes with metal dissolution and reduce the corrosion rate through the formation or maintenance of inhibitive film on the metal surface. Surface morphologies illustrated that the surface homogeneity increased on adding sodium nitrite. Sodium nitrite’s adsorption on copper surface followed the modified form of Langmuir, Freundlich and Frumkin isotherms. Physiosorption mode was involved in the corrosion protection. Electrochemical results revealed an corrosion resistance of copper increases on increasing the inhibitor concentration. The DEIS results indicated that copper corrosion mechanism could be hindered by 50% even after interval of 24 h by optimum concentration of sodium nitrite. The maximum inhibition was achieved with 2000 ppm of NaNO2. With this concentration, inhibition efficiency of up to 61.8% was achievable.
Soft X-ray Induced Production of Neutral Fragments in High-Rydberg States at the O 1s Ionization Threshold of the Water Molecule
- Antti Kivimaki
- Tomasz J. Wąsowicz
- Robert Richter
2021 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
Dissociation of water molecules after soft X-ray absorption can yield neutral fragments in high-Rydberg (HR) states. We have studied the production of such fragments by field ionization and ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry. Neutral HR fragments are created at all resonances below the O 1s ionization potential (IP) and particularly within 1 eV above the O 1s IP. The latter effect is due to the recapture of the O 1s photoelectrons into HR orbitals of the molecular water ion after the emission of a fast Auger electron. H2O+(HR) fragments subsequently dissociate, yielding neutral H(HR) and O(HR) fragments, as were found by measuring the TOF spectra by pulsed field ionization. Such measurements were carried out at the O 1s → 4a1 and 2b2 resonances as well as just above the O 1s IP. The TOF spectra also reveal two series of oscillatory structures that are attributed to quantum beats involving Lyman emission in one of the series and field ionization of H(HR) fragments in the other series.
Software-Defined NB-IoT Uplink Framework - The Design, Implementation and Use Cases
- Alicja Olejniczak
- Olga Błaszkiewicz
- Krzysztof Cwalina
- Piotr Rajchowski
- Jarosław Sadowski
2021 Pełny tekst SENSORS
In the radiocommunication area, we may observe a rapid growth of new technology, such as 5G. Moreover, all the newly introduced radio interfaces, e.g., narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), are strongly dependent on the software. Hence, the radiocommunication software development and optimization, as well as the 3GPP technical specification, should be introduced at the academic level of education. In this paper, a software-defined NB-IoT uplink framework in the field of design is presented, as well as its realization and potential use cases. The framework may be used as an academic tool for developing, investigating, and optimizing the digital transmitter paths. The roposed realization is focused on the key elements in the physical layer of the NB-IoT interface used in the sensor devices. Furthermore, the paper also highlights the need of the data processing optimization to minimize the power consumption and usage of the resources of the NB-IoT node during transmitting gathered telemetric data.
Soiling Effect Mitigation Obtained by Applying Transparent Thin-Films on Solar Panels: Comparison of Different Types of Coatings
- Małgorzata Rudnicka
- Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
2021 Pełny tekst Materials
Dust accumulation on the front cover of solar panels is closely linked to location and orientation of photovoltaic (PV) installation. Its build-up depends on the module tilt angle, frequency of precipitation, humidity, wind strength and velocity, as well as grain size. Additionally, soil composition is determined by solar farm surroundings such as local factories, agricultural crops, and traffic. Over time, molecules of atmospheric dust agglomerate on top of each other and cause gradual reduction in generated energy. Manual cleaning techniques are required to restore working conditions of PV installation to their original conditions; however, they are time consuming and may lead to damage of the glass coverage. Therefore, implementing a different approach by utilizing self-cleaning and anti-dust coatings on front covers of module surfaces is thought of as a competitive manner of cleansing. Based on the varying properties of such thin-films, a division was made into hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and anti-dust coatings. In this article, the authors would like to present a comprehensive review of those types of transparent films. Moreover, a few hydrophobic coatings available on the Polish market were analyzed by applying them on glass tiles and covering them with three types of dust.
Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on 3-Amino-1-Propanol and Tetraalkylammonium Salts at Low Pressure
- Iwona Cichowska-Kopczyńska
- Dorota Warmińska
- Bartosz Nowosielski
2021 Pełny tekst Materials
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) became an object of a great interest as an alternative to ionic liquids (ILs) and commonly used in CO2 capture amine solutions. In the present study, five different DESs based on 3-amino-1-propanol as physical-chemical CO2 absorbents were used. The composition was chosen in order to estimate the effects of hydrogen bond acceptor:hydrogen bond donor (HBA:HBD) molar ratio, anion type and length of alkyl chain of composing salt. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to confirm chemical reaction. The solubility of CO2 was measured at low pressures up to 170 kPa at the temperature range of 293–318 K. Viscosity, polarity and Kamlet–Taft parameters were determined in order to estimate the dependences of the parameters and the CO2 capacity. CO2 uptake was observed to improve with decreasing molar ratio of hydrogen bond donor. Comparing the CO2 capacity of [TBAC]-based DESs, at the approximate pressure of 50 kPa, it was observed that the capacity increased in the following order of molar ratios—1:8 < 1:6 < 1:4 and a decrease in molar ratio from 1:8 to 1:4 resulted in about a 100% increase of capacity. Compared to [TBAC][AP] DESs, the [TEAC][AP] 1:4 and [TBAB][AP] 1:4 exhibited higher CO2 uptake, though the best results were obtained for [TBAB][AP].
Solvothermal growth of {0 0 1} exposed anatase nanosheets and their ability to mineralize organic pollutants. The effect of alcohol type and content on the nucleation and growth of TiO2 nanostructures
- Szymon Dudziak
- Marta Kowalkińska
- Jakub Karczewski
- Marcin Pisarek
- Katarzyna Siuzdak
- Adam Kubiak
- Katarzyna Siwińska-Ciesielczyk
- Anna Zielińska-Jurek
2021 Pełny tekst APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
Herein, the series of {0 0 1} exposed anatase nanosheets from HF-assisted solvothermal growth synthesis were obtained. The two-dimensional TiO2 were characterized, including both bulk (XRD, DR-UV–Vis, Mott-Schottky) and surface characteristics (N2 sorption, XPS, SEM) with experimental results compiled with Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The effect of alcohol amount and type was studied, demonstrating the crucial role of nucleation rate on the final material properties, which was connected with the possible ligand exchange between F− and ROH in the [TiF6]2− octahedra, leading to further TiO2 condensation through an ether elimination reaction. Highly active 2D nanoparticles were easily obtained for different reaction times when a moderate amount of n-butanol or n-hexanol was introduced to the synthesis. The photoactivity of 2D TiO2 with exposed {0 0 1} facet strongly depended on the photocatalytic available surface area with an increased amount of ortho–hydroxyphenol (catechol) formed as a by-product. Meanwhile, the rise of n-butanol or n-hexanol content during solvothermal reaction or changing it to ethanol allowed to form smaller and more crystalline anatase particles, but their activity was hindered. For these samples, the slow phenol disappearance and no catechol formation occurred due to (i) a lower amount of adsorbed fluorine, (ii) band position shifting towards lower values, and (iii) the surface presence of Ti3+, which prevented the generation of radical dotOH radicals. It was also found that changing the nucleation rate by modifying the reaction environment influences the fluorine ions distribution, determining the final properties of 2D structure photocatalyst.
Solvothermal synthesis and structural characterization of three polyoxotitanium-organic acid clusters
- Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
- Marco Milanesio
- Anna Dołęga
- Luca Palin
- Maja Walencik
- Michał Jurkowski
- Eleonora Conterosito
2021 Pełny tekst RSC Advances
Three new titanium oxo-clusters Ti4O2(OiPr)10(OOCPhMe)2 (I), Ti6O4(OEt)8(OOCPhMe)8 (II) and Ti6O6(OEt)6(OOCCHPh2)6 (III) were obtained by easy one-step solvothermal reactions of titanium(IV) isopropoxide, alcohols and carboxylic acids. The three compounds were characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, TGA/DSC, optical and electron microscopy, and FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopy confirmed the purity of the compounds. Structural analysis indicates that in all compounds the titanium(IV) ions are six-coordinated (distorted octahedra). (I) is a tetranuclear complex containing a Ti4(m4-O)(m2-O) core, which is linked by two (m2- OOCPhMe), four (m2-OiPr) and six OiPr ligands. (II) and (III) are hexanuclear complexes with different cores, respectively Ti6(m3-O)2(m2-O)2 and Ti6(m3-O)6. The coordination sphere of the Ti atoms is filled by eight (m2-OOCPhMe), two (m2-OEt) and six OEt in (II) and six (m2-OOCHPh2) and six OEt in (III). Different steric hindrance of substituents attached to the carboxyl group or different concentrations lead to three main different cluster geometries with two ligands. The tetranuclear and the hexanuclear clusters were obtained with the OOCPhMe ligand, while the hexagonal prism cluster was obtained with the OOCCHPh2 ligand. Hirshfeld surface calculations indicated that the packing is driven by C–O/H–C weak hydrogen bonds. The clusters can be used as molecular models of organic molecules bonded to titania surface, used in organic photovoltaic (dye sensitized solar cells) or other optoelectronic applications.
Some Aspects of Shear Behavior of Soft Soil–Concrete Interfaces and Its Consequences in Pile Shaft Friction Modeling
- Jakub Konkol
- Kamila Mikina
2021 Pełny tekst Materials
This paper examines the stiffness degradation and interface failure load on soft soil–concrete interface. The friction behavior and its variability is investigated. The direct shear tests under constant normal load were used to establish parameters to hyperbolic interface model which provided a good approximation of the data from instrumented piles. Four instrumented piles were used to obtain reference soil–concrete interface behavior. It was found that the variability of the friction characteristics is the highest for organic clays and the lowest for organic silts. The intact samples exhibit lower shear strength than reconstituted ones. The adhesion varies significantly depending on interface and soil type, which can result in high scatter of the skin friction prediction. The analysis of parameters variability can be used to determine the upper and lower bound of friction behavior on the interface at constant normal load condition. The backward shearing results in decrease in shear strength up to 40% of the precedent forward phase but higher initial stiffness by a factor of between 2 and 3. Presented research provides basic shear and stiffness parameters for four soft soils (organic clay, organic silt, peat, and silty loam) and gives information about variability of interface characteristics.
Some variants of perfect graphs related to the matching number, the vertex cover and the weakly connected domination number
- Sergio Bermudo
- Magda Dettlaff
- Magdalena Lemańska
2021 DISCRETE APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Given two types of graph theoretical parameters ρ and σ, we say that a graph G is (σ, ρ)- perfect if σ(H) = ρ(H) for every non-trivial connected induced subgraph H of G. In this work we characterize (γw, τ )-perfect graphs, (γw, α′)-perfect graphs, and (α′, τ )-perfect graphs, where γw(G), τ (G) and α′(G) denote the weakly connected domination number, the vertex cover number and the matching number of G, respectively. Moreover, we give conditions on a graph to have equalities between these three parameters.
"sopockie pomieszkiwanie" [w:] Sopot oczami archiektów
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2021
udział w inicjatywie grupy ARCHART 2021 i w projekcie plenerowo-wystawienniczym "Architekci Malują Sopot"