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Processing, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of GTR Modified by SBS Copolymers
- Agnieszka Susik
- Agata Rodak
- Javier Cañavate
- Xavier Colom
- Shifeng Wang
- Krzysztof Formela
2023 Pełny tekst Materials
In this work, ground tire rubber (GTR) was thermo-mechanically treated in the presence of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) copolymers. During preliminary investigation, the effects of different SBS copolymer grades, the variable content of SBS copolymer on the Mooney viscosity, and the thermal and mechanical properties of modified GTR were determined. Subsequently, GTR modified by SBS copolymer and cross-linking agents (sulfur-based system and dicumyl peroxide) was characterized by assessment of rheological, physico-mechanical, and morphological properties. Rheological investigations showed that linear SBS copolymer, with the highest melt flow rate among studied SBS grades, was the most promising modifier of GTR, considering processing behavior. It was also observed that an SBS improves the thermal stability of the modified GTR. However, it was found that higher content of SBS copolymer (above 30 wt%) does not bring any effective changes and, for economic reasons, is inefficient. The results showed that samples based on GTR modified by SBS and dicumyl peroxide have better processability and slightly higher mechanical properties compared to samples cross-linked by a sulfur-based system. This is due to the affinity of dicumyl peroxide to the co-cross-linking of GTR and SBS phases.
Production of Biogas from Distillation Residue as a Waste Material from the Distillery Industry in Poland
- Otton K. Roubinek
- Anna Wilińska-Lisowska
- Magdalena Jasinska
- Krzysztof Czerwionka
- Andrzej G. Chmielewski
2023 Pełny tekst ENERGIES
In this paper, the possibility to obtain an alternative source of energy from methane fermentation, catalysed by biomass, has been discussed in detail. As a main substrate, the distillation residue from the distillery industry was taken in the case of mono-fermentation and its co-fermentation with sewage sludge. The results showed that higher biogas and methane production can be obtained in a mono-fermentation process. Fermentation lasted for 23 days, and during this time, 333.14 and 249.64 L/kg VS of the total biogas for mono- and co-fermentation was subsequently obtained, which gives around 63% and 50% of methane in both types of the process, respectively. Additionally, to interpret the experimental data obtained and to predict the trend of the accumulation curves, a simple Gompertz model has been applied. The application of the Gompertz model has enabled us to estimate some important parameters with a strict physical meaning, namely, the maximum production value of the biogas and its components, the production rate of a given gas, as well as the incubation phase time. Finally, an approximate analysis of the potential volume of biogas production was also carried out, based on the mass of distillation residue produced annually in Poland.
Productivity effects of trade in natural resources—comparison with mechanisms of technological specialisation
- Zuzanna Helena Zarach
- Aleksandra Parteka
2023 Pełny tekst WORLD ECONOMY
This paper compares two alternative growth paths, assessing the effects on productivity of specialisation in natural resources (NR) and in technologically advanced products. The empirical analysis exploits product-level export data for 109 developing and 51 developed economies over the period 1996–2018. We document two distinct types of specialisation, based on exports either of natural resources or of technological products, and compare their role in labour productivity growth by GMM estimation of a conditional convergence model. In general, natural resource exports weakly slow down growth but we find that the type of resources exported is important: Metals enhance productivity catch-up and can stimulate growth in developing countries. Technological specialisation, especially in products typical of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, reinforces productivity growth but does not affect natural resources–productivity growth relationship.
PROGRAM BADAŃ DIAGNOSTYCZNYCH MODELU TURBOZESPOŁU WIATROWEGO W MAŁEJ SKALI
- Zbigniew Korczewski
2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
W artykule przybliżono wybrane problemy eksploatacyjne morskich turbozespołów wiatrowych uzasadniających podjęcie badań diagnostycznych na modelu w małej skali w zakresie identyfikacji symptomów i syndromów najczęściej występujących uszkodzeń ich układów mechanicznych. W zaproponowanym programie badań eksperymentalnych przyjęto koncepcję obserwacji realizowanych procesów energetycznych: podstawowych i towarzyszących, przy zastosowaniu metod tensometrycznych, optoelektronicznych, wibroakustycznych oraz termowizyjnych. Przedstawiono schemat ideowy budowanego stanowiska laboratoryjnego turbozespołu wiatrowego napędzanego generatorem strumienia powietrza (wiatru) o regulowanej wydajności. Przewiduje się możliwość faktycznego wprowadzania zmian w strukturze konstrukcyjnej turbozespołu, odwzorowujących znane i rozpoznawalne stany niezdatności eksploatacyjnej charakterystyczne dla konstrukcji morskich. Relacje diagnostyczne wyznaczane na drodze realizacji eksperymentów czynnych stanowić będą dane wejściowe dla systemu ekspertowego wspierającego proces wnioskowania o stanie technicznym testowanego turbozespołu wiatrowego. Istnieje możliwość przeniesienia wyników badań modelowych na obiekty rzeczywiste - pełnowymiarowe turbozespoły wiatrowe.
Programmes to Combat the Economic Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kazakhstan and Ukraine and Unemployment
- Krystyna Gomółka
2023 Pełny tekst International Journal of Social Science
The following article presents economic programmes to combat the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysed programmes were undertaken by the governments of Ukraine and Kazakhstan. They contributed to reducing unemployment in both countries. The findings of Ukrainian researchers focused mainly on estimating losses in the SME sector, especially in the hotel, tourism and transport sectors. Scientific literature in Kazakhstan has focused on examining the effects of the government program to counteract the economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially from the labour market perspective (employees). The methods used in the paper include literature studies, analysis of government programmes in the combat against the economic effects of the pandemic and comparative analysis of statistical data of employed and unemployed people in Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The article focuses on identifying the countermeasures undertaken by the governments of Kazakhstan and Ukraine aimed at entrepreneurs and employees. The author also assessed the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market, mainly in terms of unemployment. In the Ukrainian government programme, the main emphasis was placed on supporting entrepreneurs and the self-employed. The government also provided tax preferences, loan grace periods, financial support for enterprises that limited or stopped performance during the pandemic, and special financial assistance for agribusiness. The programme of the Kazakh government was addressed to entrepreneurs, self-employed and employees. The implementation of the programme in Kazakhstan did not encounter any difficulties, while in Ukraine the local authorities did not comply with the decisions of the central authorities. The closure of many businesses or reductions in working hours contributed to rising unemployment in both countries. Kazakhstan was in a more favourable situation, where a small and short-term increase in unemployment was recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic period. In Ukraine, the decline in employment in all sectors of the economy was much greater than in Kazakhstan and meant a significant increase in unemployment.
Project-Based Collaborative Research and Training Roadmap for Manufacturing Based on Industry 4.0
- Marek Chodnicki
- Mariusz Deja
- George-Ch. Vosniakos
- Panorios Benardos
- Lihui Wang
- Robert Reimann
2023
The importance of the economy being up to date with the latest developments, such as Industry 4.0, is more evident than ever before. Successful implementation of Industry 4.0 principles requires close cooperation of industry and state authorities with universities. A paradigm of such cooperation is described in this paper stemming from university partners with partly overlapping and partly complementary areas of expertise in manufacturing. Specific areas that are targeted include Additive Manufacturing, cloud computing and control, Virtual Reality, Digital Twins, and Artificial Intelligence. The manufacturing system domains that are served pertaining to process planning and optimization, process and system monitoring, and innovative / precision manufacturing. The described collaborative research and training framework involves a combination of pertinent targeted individual exploratory innovation projects as well as a synthetic multifaceted common research project. Based on these, the research and innovation project knowledge will be transferred to the industry by building a Cluster of Excellence, i.e., a network consisting of academic and industrial stakeholders.
PROJEKT STANDARDÓW DOSTĘPNOŚCI DLA OSÓB ZE SZCZEGÓLNYMI POTRZEBAMI DO TRANSPORTOWYCH WĘZŁÓW PRZESIADKOWYCH
- Romanika Okraszewska
- Kazimierz Jamroz
- Marek Wysocki
- Jacek Szmagliński
2023
W artykule opisano projekt standardów dostępności zintegrowanych węzłów przesiadkowych, które zawierają spójne dla wszystkich elementów ZWP z uwzględnieniem potrzeb i wymagań osób ze szczególnymi potrzebami zasady projektowania, budowy i utrzymania oraz minimalne parametry kluczowych dla samodzielnej realizacji podróży przez osoby ze szczególnymi potrzebami rozwiązań i udogodnień. Przedstawione standardy zawierają zasady i wymagania w zakresie następujących tematów: charakterystyka i klasyfikacja zintegrowanych węzłów przesiadkowych i ich elementów, podstawowe wymagania dostępności do węzłów przesiadkowych, standardy dostępności dla systemu informacji w węźle przesiadkowym, standardy dostępności dla miejsc wymiany pasażerów w węzłach przesiadkowych, dostępności dla zewnętrznych tras dostępu, standardy dostępności dla terminali transportowych, zasad wyznaczania tras dostępu. Standardy dostępności są jednym z narzędzi systemu zarządzania dostępnością wypracowanego w ramach projektu „System zarządzania dostępnością zintegrowanych węzłów przesiadkowych” o akronimie „Przesiadka bez barier.”
Projektowanie, synteza i charakterystyka fotokatalizatorów nowej generacji na bazie związku Ti3C2Tx do usuwania aktywnych substancji farmaceutycznych
- Anna Grzegórska
2023 Pełny tekst
Celem niniejszej pracy było zastosowanie materiałów nowej generacji na bazie związku Ti3C2Tx w procesach fotokatalitycznej degradacji aktywnych substancji farmaceutycznych: karbamazepiny, acetaminofenu i ibuprofenu. Zakres prac badawczych obejmował syntezę fotokatalizatorów, charakterystykę ich właściwości fizykochemicznych, oraz ocenę aktywności fotokatalitycznej. Przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania węglika tytanu jako kokatalizatora procesów fotokatalitycznych oraz prekursora do otrzymania kompozytu TiO2/Ti3C2. Ponadto zaproponowano metody modyfikacji kompozytów TiO2/Ti3C2 za pomocą metali takich jak żelazo i miedź oraz związku z grupy ferrytów spinelowych – MnFe2O4, celem poprawy ich właściwości. Modyfikacja powierzchni kompoztów za pomocą metali prowadziła do osiągnięcia wyższej aktywności fotokatalitycznej degradacji farmaceutyków w świetle UV-vis. Dzięki wprowadzeniu nanocząstek magnetycznych MnFe2O4 możliwa była efektywna separacja fotokatalizatora po procesie. Finalnie, synergizm degradacji substancji farmaceutycznych uzyskano w wyniku kombinacji procesu fotokatalizy z aktywacją nadtlenomonosiarczanu za pomocą Cu lub MnFe2O4, prowadzącą do wytworzenia reaktywnych rodników siarczanowych.
Projekty NFT i bariery ich wejścia na rynek
- Sławomir Ostrowski
- Krzysztof Molenda
2023 Pełny tekst Studia i Prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów
Niniejsza praca traktuje o barierach wejścia na rynek dla projektów NFT. Porusza zagadnienia związane z kapitałochłonnością, regulacjami prawnymi, dostępem do wiedzy i patentów, a także ze zróżnicowaniem produktów i dostawców na rynku NFT. Celem pracy jest identyfikacja i opis barier wejścia, które napotykają nowe przedsiębiorstwa wchodzące na rynek. Autorzy przewidują, że wraz z rosnącym zainteresowaniem konsumentów wzrośnie zainteresowanie uruchomieniem projektów NFT przez przedsiębiorców, którzy będą mogli wykorzystać przedstawione wyniki, aby usprawnić swój proces wejścia z projektem NFT na rynek. Pierwszym etapem pracy jest wprowadzenie w podjętą problematykę, w którym autorzy wyjaśniają technologię blockchain oraz przedstawiają zarys sytuacji panującej na rynku NFT, która była motywacją do powstania niniejszego artykułu. W kolejnej części, bazując na studiach przypadków, autorzy omawiają pięć barier wejścia na rynek projektów NFT. W końcowej części natomiast przedstawione są wnioski, na podstawie których autorzy stwierdzają, że bariery wejścia na rynek NFT są małe i atrakcyjne dla przedsiębiorców, co wraz z napływem nowych konsumentów może wskazywać na rosnącą w niedalekiej przyszłości liczbę nowych projektów wypuszczanych na badany ryn
Propagation Characteristics of Partial Discharges in an Oil-Filled Power Transformer
- Sayed Mohammad Kameli
- Shady S. Refaat
- Ali Ghrayeb
- Haitham Abu-Rub
- Jarosław Guziński
2023
Power transformers are among the most important assets in the power transmission and distribution grid. However, they suffer from degradation and possible faults causing major electrical and financial losses. Partial discharges (PDs) are used to identify the insulation health status and their degradation level. PDs are incipient, low-magnitude faults caused by localized dielectric breakdown. Those activities emit signals in many forms, including electrical, chemical, acoustic, electromagnetic, and optical, facilitating various detection methods. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the condition evaluation of an oil-filled power transformer and clarifies the relationship between the operating voltage, void location, and electric-field intensity within the void. This was achieved by investigating the propagation characteristics of partial discharge signals in an oil-filled power transformer using a 3D finite element method (FEM) based simulation. Moreover, the characterization of simulated PD sources at different positions is investigated in this paper. The simulation results are curried out to show that air voids near the windings are subject to greatest peak electric field intensity.
Properties of an innovative multi-functional finish for the improvement of indoor air quality
- Chiara Giosuè
- Mattia Pierpaoli
- Costanzo di Perna
- Barbara Citterio
- Gianmarco Mangiaterra
- Maria Letizia Ruello
- Francesca Tittarelli
2023 BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
Due to lifestyle changes, people spend most of their time indoors at present; thus, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a matter of utmost importance. Multi-functional and innovative finishes can help to passively improve the IAQ, benefitting the health and comfort of occupants. For this study, reference and pre-mixed commercial mortars are compared to a new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar for indoor finishes, in which conventional aggregates are substituted by a highly porous adsorbent material and biomass waste ashes. The up to 20% higher accessible porosity of the multi-functional finish led to lower density (30%), higher thermal insulation properties (30%), higher water vapor permeability (more than 40%), and improved moisture buffering capacity (three times higher), when compared to the reference mortar. Different types of photocatalytic agents (TiO2) were also added into the new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar, in order to investigate their effect on the de-polluting properties of the finish. Even if the photocatalytic efficiency remained unexpressed under indoor conditions, due to the predominance of the adsorption process, the de-polluting properties of the new mix were more than 30% higher than that of the reference mortar. The obtained results confirm that the developed innovative multi-functional finish—besides fulfilling the ordinary requirements—is better than commercial mortars, as it can improve the IAQ passively, thus benefitting the health and comfort of occupants.
Property-performance relationship of core-shell structured black TiO2 photocatalyst for environmental remediation
- Sajjad Haider
- Rab Nawaz
- Muzammil Anjum
- Tahir Haneef
- Vipin Kumar Oad
- Salah Uddinkhan
- Rawaiz Khan
- Muhammad Aqif
2023 Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
Understanding the relationship between the properties and performance of black titanium dioxide with core-shell structure (CSBT) for environmental remediation is crucial for improving its prospects in practical applications. In this study, CSBT was synthesized using a glycerol-assisted sol-gel approach. The effect of different water-to-glycerol ratios (W:G = 1:0, 9:1, 2:1, and 1:1) on the semiconducting and physicochemical properties of CSBT was investigated. The effectiveness of CSBT in removing phenolic compounds (PHCs) from real agro-industrial wastewater was studied. The CSBT synthesized with a W:G ratio of 9:1 has optimized properties for enhanced removal of PHCs. It has a distinct core-shell structure and an appropriate amount of Ti3+ cations (11.18%), which play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of CSBT. When exposed to visible light, the CSBT performed better: 48.30% of PHCs were removed after 180 min, compared to only 21.95% for TiO2 without core-shell structure. The CSBT consumed only 45.5235 kWh/m3 of electrical energy per order of magnitude and cost $2.4127 per unit volume of treated agro-industrial wastewater. Under the conditions tested, the CSBT demonstrated exceptional stability and reusability. The CSBT showed promising results in the treatment of phenols-containing agro-industrial wastewater.
prospekt indywidualnej wystawy pt. ‘istota zamieszkiwania: relacje [nie]codzienne
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2023
Prospekt towarzyszący wystawie łączy dwie funkcje. Jest mini katalogiem i mapką: przewodnikiem po ekspozycji. Jego rola to wyjaśnienie procesu, którego element stanowią prezentowane rzeźby oraz zaproszenie odbiorcy we wszystkie miejsca, w których ulokowano obiekty. Taki przewodnik był konieczny, ponieważ niewielkie rzeźby usytuowane zostały w parku w nieoczywistych miejscach. Zgodnie z zamysłem twórczym upodabniają się do otoczenia, dla uzyskania spasowanie z miejscem. Prospekty dostępne są w trakcie trwania wystawy w budynku muzeum - w Spichlerzu Opackim.
Protection and renovation of public areas in a modernist city: the case of three streets in the historic City Centre of Gdynia
- Robert Hirsch
- Celina Łozowska
2023 Pełny tekst Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego
This article concerns issues related to the preservation and restoration of public space in Gdynia’s city centre, which was designed and built mainly in the 1920s and 1930s. In 2007, a major part of the city centre was entered into the register of monuments asa historic complex of urban architecture. Moreover, in 2015, the area was declared a Monument of History. Protection of a complex of urban architecture covers not only the renovation of historic buildings but also the protection of public spaces that comprise an integral partof the historic complex. Therefore, preservation of the historic shape and design of public space in the centre of Gdynia is one of the city’s key conservation tasks. Since protection of urban space in relatively young historic centres (less than a hundred years old) is a novel issue from the perspective of conservation, it is therefore worth analysing. Issues connected with the protection and restoration of public space in the centre of Gdynia are exemplified by three historic streets, built in the late 1920s and located within a historic complex entered into the register of monuments. They have been the subject of various investments in recent years. The streets differ in terms of their historic condition, renovation requirements, social expectations and investment plans. Already at the developmental stage of investments all these factors have led to different assumptions and approaches, bringing different results in each case.
Protein overproduction alters exosome secretion in Chinese hamster ovary cells
- Aleksandra Steć
- Monika Targońska
- Edyta Karkosińska
- Monika Słowik
- Agata Płoska
- Leszek Kalinowski
- Bartosz Wielgomas
- Krzysztof Waleron
- Jacek Jasiecki
- Szymon Dziomba
2023 Pełny tekst ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Despite the abundance of available cell lines, nearly 70% of all recombinant therapeutic proteins today are produced in Chi-nese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The impact of protein overproduction on the secretion of exosomes by CHO cells has been investigated here. Increased secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by protein overexpressing CHO cells was demonstrated with protein content assay, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and capillary electrophoresis. Our results revealed that a protein overproduction might induce EVs secretion, which might be accompanied by the sequestration and loading of overexpressed proteins into the exosomes. These findings are of vital importance for the manufacturing of therapeutics in CHO expres-sion systems due to the risk of product loss during downstream processing of culture medium as well as the application of exosomes as nanocarriers of therapeutic proteins. The study indicates also the importance of culturing process control.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Changes in Psoriasis Preclinical and Clinical Aspects
- Adrianna Radulska
- Iwona Pelikant-Malecka
- Kamila Jendernalik
- Iwona T. Dobrucki
- Leszek Kalinowski
2023 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Skin diseases such as psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are immune-mediated inﬂammatory diseases. Overlap of autoinﬂammatory and autoimmune conditions hinders diagnoses and identifying personalized patient treatments due to diﬀerent psoriasis subtypes and the lack of veriﬁed biomarkers. Recently, proteomics and metabolomics have been intensively investigated in a broad range of skin diseases with the main purpose of identifying proteins and small molecules involved in the pathogenesis and development of the disease. This review discusses proteomics and metabolomics strategies and their utility in research and clinical practice in psoriasis and psoriasis arthritis. We summarize the studies, from in vivo models conducted on animals through academic research to clinical trials, and highlight their contribution to the discovery of biomarkers and targets for biological drugs.
Proton conductivity in multi-component ABO4-type oxides
- Ashraf A.A. Elameen
- Arkadiusz Dawczak
- Tadeusz Miruszewski
- Maria Gazda
- Sebastian Wachowski
2023 Pełny tekst PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
This work investigates how configurational entropy in oxides could affect proton conductivity. For this purpose, three samples of different elemental compositions are synthesized. Five, six and seven elements were introduced into the A-site of ANbO4, forming La1/5 Nd1/5 Sm1/5Gd1/5 Eu1/5NbO4, La1/6Nd1/6Sm1/6Gd1/6Eu1/6Ho1/6NbO4 and La1/7Nd1/7Sm1/7Gd1/7Eu1/7Ho1/7Er1/7NbO4, respectively. The high configuration disorder changes the local environment, which can have a notable effect on many properties, including proton transport, which is the focus of this work. The conductivity was measured in different atmospheres; dry and wet and in a different temperature range (600–800 °C) to compare the proton transport as well as study the effect of temperature. A homogenous single-phase monoclinic fergusonite was obtained for the three samples. Proton conductivity, measured by means of comparing the conductivity in dry and wet atmospheres, was observed in all samples. La1/5 Nd1/5 Sm1/5Gd1/5 Eu1/5NbO4 exhibited the highest conductivity, about 3.0 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 800 °C in the wet atmosphere, while in the dry atmosphere it was about 2.2 × 10−6 S cm−1 at the same temperature, which implies a modest proton conductivity in this class of materials.
Proximal fibular osteotomy as a treatment for degenerative meniscal extrusion
- Piotr Łuczkiewicz
- Karol Daszkiewicz
- Jarosław Dzierżanowski
- Wojciech Witkowski
2023 Pełny tekst MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
Meniscal extrusion treatment is a key focus area for research and clinical study of degenerative knee pathology. The contact forces between the meniscus and the bones cause external displacements of the meniscus that are resisted by the circumferential fibres. The main risk factors for the excessive deformation of the meniscus are meniscal root tears, disruption of the circumferential fibres, knee malalignment and high body mass index. Prior research has shown meniscal extrusion to be a crucial determinant of successful procedures in knee osteoarthritis treatment. The characteristics of medial knee osteoarthritis are an increase in varus malalignment and the load transferred through the medial compartment. This is associated with greatest reduction of the joint space width over the medial meniscus body and an increase in contact forces acting on the meniscus, which results in increased extrusion of the medial meniscal body. Relocating the meniscus in its anatomic position restores the correct distribution of contact force across the knee joint, and prevents destruction of the cartilage. Thus, clinical and biomechanical research focus on improving surgical techniques that allow for diminished meniscal extrusion. Proximal fibula osteotomy is a relatively new technique which involves the removal of a 10 mm piece of fibula, 4–10 cm from the fibular head. This technique has been shown to reduce the knee-lever arm, load transferred through the medial compartment and increase the medial joint space width. We hypothesise that proximal fibular osteotomy could be an effective, simple, and minimally invasive treatment for degenerative meniscal extrusion.
Proximity and the Cluster Organization
- Anna Lis
- Adrian Lis
2023
Including the category of proximity in theoretical considerations and empirical analyzes in cluster organizations is an attempt to integrate existing approaches to understand and explain the specificity of inter-organizational cooperation developed in geographical proximity. The importance of geographical proximity to create a competitive advantage is emphasized in all theories on the establishment and development of industrial clusters. However, proximity should not be perceived only in the geographical dimension. The similarity of knowledge systems (cognitive proximity), relationships based on trust (social proximity), organizational links (organizational proximity), and finally the similarity of institutional operating conditions (institutional proximity) enable and facilitate the development of cooperation relationships between business entities. Each of the above-mentioned threads deals separately with issues that have much in common, namely they can be treated as different dimensions of the same concept – proximity. Proximity provides a specific concretization of the features, processes and mechanisms underlying inter-organizational cooperation, and thus facilitates its understanding, increasing the possibility of its effective management. The study provides new important elements to the current system of knowledge, filling in the cognitive and research gaps in the scientific literature on problems related to proximity development in cluster organizations. The new element includes a multidimensional concept of proximity explaining its role in the development of cooperative relationships in the cluster organizations. A strong point of the developed concept is its inductive-abductive origin and the use of grounded theory methodology, which is rare in the studies of cluster organizations. The developed concept has also significant practical advantages since it allows to consciously shape proximity in COs, thus contributing to the development of cooperation between cluster enterprises.
Przegląd aplikacji zużytych łopat turbin wiatrowych na potrzeby budownictwa infrastrukturalnego
- Jakub Zembrzuski
- Mikołaj Miśkiewicz
- Agnieszka Sabik
- Łukasz Pyrzowski
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Krzysztof Wilde
2023 Pełny tekst
Artykuł zawiera przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat recyklingu i ponownego użycia łopat wirników turbin wiatrowych na potrzeby budownictwa infrastrukturalnego. Poruszana problematyka stała się w ostatnim czasie bardzo istotna, a prognozy i statystyki pokazują, że najbliższe lata, będące jednocześnie okresem intensywnego rozwoju energetyki wiatrowej, będą jeszcze bardziej niż kiedykolwiek wymagały opracowania metody radzenia sobie z ciągle narastającą ilością odpadów, składających się z wycofanych z użytku łopat turbin wiatrowych. Autorzy zwracają uwagę na trudności związane z recyklingiem tego szczególnego typu odpadów, ale jednocześnie podkreślają znaczny potencjał zużytego elementu, związany z wykorzystaniem do jego budowy wyjątkowo wytrzymałego, a jednocześnie niebywale lekkiego materiału (FRP) oraz ze znacznymi rozpiętościami, jakie łopaty wirników turbin wiatrowych osiągają, wynoszącymi nawet ponad 80 m. W opracowaniu zaprezentowano przykłady istniejących obiektów, w konstrukcji których istotną role odgrywają łopaty turbin wiatrowych, oraz śmiałe koncepcje, pokazujące jak, wbrew pozorom, szerokie może być zastosowanie omawianych kompozytowych łopat, a także jak doskonałym polem do popisu inżynierów w tym kontekście jest właśnie budownictwo, a w szczególności branża mostowa. Wnioski płynące z przeglądu dostępnej literatury, przedstawionego pokrótce w artykule, wskazują, że temat poszukiwania efektywnego rozwiązania problemu recyklingu łopat turbin wiatrowych jest nadal aktualny, a kreatywne i nowatorskie propozycje projektantów stale poszerzają horyzonty w postrzeganiu elementów z recyklingu w konstrukcjach inżynierskich.