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Anthropogenic trace metals in Setiu Wetland: Spatial and seasonal distribution and implications for environmental health
- Mod Izwan Bin Mohd Sallan
- Hussein Al-Hazmi
- Suhaimi Suratman
- Sadeq Abdullah Abdo Alkhadher
- Bartosz Szeląg
- Joanna Majtacz
- Przemysław Kowal
- Tonni Agustiono Kurniawan
- Grzegorz Piechota
2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Water Process Engineering
The growing urban wastewater volume poses a major global environmental challenge, especially in developing nations where inadequate treatment and discharge impact clean water availability. This study focused on Setiu Wetland, aiming to analyze seasonal and spatial variations of trace metals in particulate form from anthropogenic and pathogenic sources. Surface water samples were collected from multiple stations, measuring physical parameters like salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Samples were filtered using ultrafiltration and analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Correlations between trace metals and other parameters were examined to understand their dynamics in the area. The study found that particulate trace metals were influenced by anthropogenic sources, including municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic wastewater discharge. The measured concentrations for Cd, Cu, Pb, Fe, and Zn were 10.9 ± 5.1, 31.8 ± 16.8, 72.5 ± 28.5, 20,206 ± 17,929, and 46,742 ± 30,898 μg/g, respectively, indicating their significant presence. To gain deeper insights, a model incorporating principal component analysis (PCA) analyzed the relationships between trace metals, dissolved oxygen levels, and factors like pH, temperature, salinity, and DOC. Regression techniques predicted Cd, Zn, and Fe concentrations based on salinity, with pH serving as an additional predictor for Cu. Moreover, Pb concentration was influenced by temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon. These findings emphasize the importance of regular monitoring and assessment of trace metals in protected tropical areas and wetlands, helping mitigate environmental risks associated with wastewater discharge and preserving these ecosystems.
Antibiotic-sterol interactions provide insight into the selectivity of natural aromatic analogues of amphotericin B and their photoisomers
- Julia Borzyszkowska-Bukowska
- Jacek Czub
- Paweł Szczeblewski
- Tomasz Laskowski
2023 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports
Aromatic heptaene macrolides (AHMs) belong to the group of polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotics. Members of this group were the first to be used in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. Amphotericin B (AmB), a non-aromatic representative of heptaene macrolides, is of significant clinical importance in the treatment of internal mycoses. It includes the all-trans heptaene chromophore, whereas the native AHMs contain two cis-type (Z) double bonds within the chromophore system. Lately we have proven that it is possible to obtain AHMs’ stable derivatives in the form of all-trans (AmB-type) isomers by photochemical isomerization. Our further studies have shown that such alteration leads to the improvement of their selective toxicity in vitro. Computational experiments carried out so far were only an initial contribution in the investigation of the molecular basis of the mechanism of action of AHMs and did not provide explanation to observed differences in biological activity between the native (cis-trans) and isomeric (all-trans) AHMs. Herein, we presented the results of two-dimensional metadynamics studies upon AmB and its aromatic analogues (AHMs), regarding preferable binary antibiotic/sterol complexes orientation, as well as more detailed research on the behaviour of AHMs’ alkyl-aromatic side chain in cholesterol- or ergosterol-enriched lipid bilayers.
Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
- Weronika Grąźlewska
- Lucyna Holec-Gąsior
2023 Pełny tekst Antibodies
Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The disease is characterized by a varied course; therefore, the basis for diagnosis is laboratory methods. Currently, a two-tiered serological test is recommended, using an ELISA as a screening test and a Western blot as a confirmatory test. This approach was introduced due to the relatively high number of false-positive results obtained when using an ELISA alone. However, even this approach has not entirely solved the problem of false-positive results caused by cross-reactive antibodies. Many highly immunogenic B. burgdorferi s.l. proteins are recognized nonspecifically by antibodies directed against other pathogens. This also applies to antigens, such as OspC, BmpA, VlsE, and FlaB, i.e., those commonly used in serodiagnostic assays. Cross-reactions can be caused by both bacterial (relapsing fever Borrelia, Treponema pallidum) and viral (Epstein–Baar virus, Cytomegalovirus) infections. Additionally, a rheumatoid factor has also been shown to nonspecifically recognize B. burgdorferi s.l. proteins, resulting in false-positive results. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully interpret the results of serodiagnostic tests so as to avoid overdiagnosis of Lyme disease, which causes unnecessary implementations of strong antibiotic therapies and delays in the correct diagnosis.
Anti-cancer effect of Rumex obtusifolius in combination with arginase/nitric oxide synthase inhibitors via downregulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and polyamine synthesis
- Mikayel Ginovyan
- Hayarpi Javrushyan
- Gayane Petrosyan
- Barbara Kusznierewicz
- Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk
- Zuzanna Koziara
- Monika Kuczyńska
- Patrycja Jakubek
- Anna Karapetyan
- Naira Sahakyan
- Alina Maloyan
- Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
- Nikolay Avtandilyan
2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY & CELL BIOLOGY
Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, making the development of new treatment methods crucial in the fight against it. With cancer incidence rates increasing worldwide, ongoing research must focus on identifying new and effective ways to prevent and treat the disease. The combination of herbal extracts with chemotherapeutic agents has gained much interest as a novel strategy to combat cancer. Rumex obtusifolius L. is a wild plant known for its medicinal properties and is widely distributed worldwide. Our preclinical evaluations suggested that R. obtusifolius seed extracts possessed cancer-inhibiting properties and we also evaluated the beneficial effects of the arginase inhibitor NG-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine and nitric oxide inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in the treatment of breast cancer. The current study aimed to combine these observations and evaluate the antioxidant and antitumor properties of R. obtusifolius extracts alone and in combination with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Metabolic characterization of the plant extract using a liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry advanced system revealed the presence of 240 phenolic compounds many of which possess anticancer properties, according to the literature. In vitro studies revealed a significant cytotoxic effect of the R. obtusifolius extracts on the human colon (HT29) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Thus, a new treatment approach of combining R. obtusifolius bioactive phytochemicals with the arginase and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors NG-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester and/or NG-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, respectively, was proposed and could potentially be an effective way to treat breast cancer. Indeed, these combinations showed immunostimulatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties in a rat breast cancer model.
Anticarcinogenic and antioxidant activities of leaves and flowers hydroalcoholic extracts of Nerium oleander L.: PCA analysis and phytochemical content by FTIR spectroscopy
- Siham Ayouaz
- Izabela Koss-Mikołajczyk
- Nawel Adjeroud-Abdellatif
- Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
- Radia Arab
- Khokha Mouhoubi
- Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad
- Dwi Larasatie Nur
- Khodir Madani
2023 Pełny tekst The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research
Aims: The aim of this work is the evaluation the anticarcinogenic effect on HT29 cancer cells lines and antioxidant effect of three extracts from different morphological parts (leaves (LE), pink flowers (PFE) and white flowers (WFE)) of Nerium oleander lin. Methods: This research provides the anticarcinogenic activity of extracts from N. oleander white flowers. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to estimate the relationship between antioxidant and anticarcinogenic activities, and to further understand the similarities and differences between the extracts. Results: All of the extracts exhibited different antioxidant (ABTS, DPPH and FC) and anticarcinogenic activities. FTIR analysis designed the existence of various functional groups in extracts confirming the presence of alcohol, alkanes, amino, aromatic compound and primary alcohol. The PCA results show that the WFE extract exhibits a greater antioxidant activity with a potent potential for inhibiting the cell growth of colorectal cancer HT29 than the two other extracts (LE and PFE). Conclusions: Nerium oleander may therefore be an excellent source of natural antioxidant and anticancer agents, as well as a possible pharmaceutical supplement.
Anti-crisis activities and export performance in the Covid-19 pandemic: The case of Polish exporters
- Nelly Daszkiewicz
- Aleksandra Kordalska
- Magdalena Olczyk
2023 Pełny tekst Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review
The article aims to investigate the impact of anti-crisis activities undertaken by the Polish exporting firms on their export sales during the Covid-19 pandemic. We used a quantitative research design. We conducted the survey on the sample of 161 manufacturing Polish exporting firms between April 21 and June 25, 2021. To verify the assumed relationships, we used the probit regression model. The main novelty is a firm-level analysis of the Covid-19 pandemic impact on exporting firms from the perspective of the anti-crisis activities they undertook, which fills a gap in the litera-ture and informs discussions of the potential impact of Covid-19 on export performance.
Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Coatings for Stents in Veterinary Medicine—State of the Art and Perspectives
- Szymon Graczyk
- Robert Pasławski
- Arkadiusz Grzeczka
- Urszula Pasławska
- Beata Świeczko-Żurek
- Klaudia Malisz
- Ketul Popat
- Alina Sionkowska
- Patrycja Golińska
- Mahendra Rai
2023 Pełny tekst Materials
Microbial colonization in veterinary stents poses a significant and concerning issue in veterinary medicine. Over time, these pathogens, particularly bacteria, can colonize the stent surfaces, leading to various complications. Two weeks following the stent insertion procedure, the colonization becomes observable, with the aggressiveness of bacterial growth directly correlating with the duration of stent placement. Such microbial colonization can result in infections and inflammations, compromising the stent’s efficacy and, subsequently, the animal patient’s overall well-being. Managing and mitigating the impact of these pathogens on veterinary stents is a crucial challenge that veterinarians and researchers are actively addressing to ensure the successful treatment and recovery of their animal patients. In addition, irritation of the tissue in the form of an inserted stent can lead to overgrowth of granulation tissue, leading to the closure of the stent lumen, as is most often the case in the trachea. Such serious complications after stent placement require improvements in the procedures used to date. In this review, antibacterial or antibiofilm strategies for several stents used in veterinary medicine have been discussed based on the current literature and the perspectives have been drawn. Various coating strategies such as coating with hydrogel, antibiotic, or other antimicrobial agents have been reviewed.
Anti-plane shear waves in an elastic strip rigidly attached to an elastic half-space
- Gennadi Mikhasev
- Baris Erbas
- Victor Eremeev
2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE
We consider the anti-plane shear waves in a domain consisting of an infinite layer with a thin coating lying on an elastic half-space. The elastic properties of the coating, layer, and half-space are assumed to be different. On the free upper surface we assume the compatibility condition within the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity, whereas at the plane interface we consider perfect contact. For this problem there exist two possible regimes related to waves exponentially decaying in the half-space. The first one, called transversely exponential–transversely exponential (TE–TE) regime, is related to waves described by exponential in transverse direction functions; the second, transversely harmonic–transversely exponential (TH–TE) regime, corresponds to waves in the upper layer which have the harmonic behaviour in the transverse direction. Detailed analysis of the derived dispersion equations for both regimes is provided. In particular, the effects of surface stresses, the layer thickness as well as of the ratio of shear moduli of the upper layer and half-space on the dispersion curves is analysed.
Antipsychotic drug prescription sequence analysis in relation to death occurrence and cardiometabolic drug usage: A retrospective longitudinal study
- Paweł Zagozdzon
- Piotr Dorozynski
- Przemysław Waszak
- Adam Harasimowicz
- Tomasz Dziubich
2023 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
The potential role of antipsychotics in increasing cardiovascular risk of mortality is still debated. The aim of this study was to assess the death risk associated with sequences of first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) and second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) prescriptions, including clozapine and lithium, and drugs for cardiometabolic diseases. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis involving 84,881 patients who received antipsychotics between 2008 and 2012. Data on deaths were collected from the National Death Registry. The sequence creation was performed according to an algorithm that iterates prescriptions in chronological order and appends them to the end of the patient’s prescription sequence. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (FsQCA) was also used to produce causal combinations of conditions that best lead to survival. There were 1,095,518 antipsychotic prescriptions and 16,010 deaths among antipsy- chotic users. Among the reimbursement data, 85,272 drug sequences were identified. The most prevalent sequence consisted of FGA (69.1%). Subsequent groups consisted of FGA, followed by SGA (13.1%) and SGA-only (12.3%) sequences. The highest occurrence of death and cardiometabolic drug use after introducing antipsychotic treatment was observed for clozapine. The FsQCA analysis revealed the highest coverage for combinations of young age with FGA (40.6%) or with no cardiometabolic risk factors drug therapy (39.5%).
Application of 3D- printed hydrogels in wound healing and regenerative medicine
- Milena Deptuła
- Małgorzata Zawrzykraj
- Justyna Sawicka
- Adrianna Banach-Kopeć
- Robert Tylingo
- Michał Pikuła
2023 Pełny tekst BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer networks with hydrophilic properties. The modifiable properties of hydrogels and the structure resembling living tissue allow their versatile application. Therefore, increasing attention is focused on the use of hydrogels as bioinks for three-dimensional (3D) printing in tissue engineering. Bioprinting involves the fabrication of complex structures from several types of materials, cells, and bioactive compounds. Stem cells (SC), such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are frequently employed in 3D constructs. SCs have desirable biological properties such as the ability to differentiate into various types of tissue and high proliferative capacity. Encapsulating SCs in 3D hydrogel constructs enhances their reparative abilities and improves the likelihood of reaching target tissues. In addition, created constructs can simulate the tissue environment and mimic biological signals. Importantly, the immunogenicity of scaffolds is minimized through the use of patient-specific cells and the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the employed biopolymers. Regenerative medicine is taking advantage of the aforementioned capabilities in regenerating various tissues muscle, bones, nerves, heart, skin, and cartilage.
Application of a stochastic compartmental model to approach the spread of environmental events with climatic bias
- Joan Boters Pitarch
- María Signes-Pont
- Julian Szymański
- Higinio Mora-Mora
2023 Pełny tekst Ecological Informatics
Wildfires have significant impacts on both environment and economy, so understanding their behaviour is crucial for the planning and allocation of firefighting resources. Since forest fire management is of great concern, there has been an increasing demand for computationally efficient and accurate prediction models. In order to address this challenge, this work proposes applying a parameterised stochastic model to study the propagation of environmental events, focusing on the bias introduced by climatic variables such as wind. This model’s propagation occurs in a grid where cells are classified into different compartments based on their state. Furthermore, this approach generalises previous non-stochastic models, which are now considered particular cases within this broader framework. The use of the Monte Carlo method is highlighted, which allows for obtaining probabilistic estimates of the state of the cells in each time step, considering a level of confidence. In this way, the model provides a tool to obtain a quantitative estimate of the probability associated with each state in the spread of forest fires.
Application of Aqueous Biphasic Systems Extraction in Various Biomolecules Separation and Purification: Advancements Brought by Quaternary Systems
- Mateusz Marchel
- Isabel M. Marrucho
2023 Pełny tekst SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS
Aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) extraction is a simple, selective, efficient and easy to scale-up technology that, over the years, has attracted a considerable attention from the researcher community as an alternative methodology in downstream processing of a wide variety of biomolecules. This review summarizes and discusses the fundamental features of ABS, as well as its advantages and disadvantages, as a separation and purification technology of biomolecules. Nevertheless, the focus of this review are quaternary ABS formed by the addition of neutral salts and ionic liquids to conventional ABS or those ABS composed by deep eutectic solvents and another phase forming compound. The advantages brought by quaternary ABS in terms of separation and purification of biomolecules, as well as the main issues governing the phase behavior of these systems, are discussed. With examples of application of quaternary ABS as an alternative extraction and purification methodology, it is shown that such ABS are a promising method to improve the effectiveness of biomolecules downstream processing, potentially providing a response to the increasing demand for high purity bioproduct. Furthermore, some of the discussed quaternary ABS have a great potential as a novel, sustainable and cost-effective purification platform for biomolecules downstream processing that can potentially simplify the whole ABS-based purification process due to no need for target bioproduct recovery or phase formers removal. Finally, perspectives of such quaternary ABS are made, and some future challenges pointed out.
Application of chemometric modeling for ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: Analysis of fosetyl-aluminum in fruit and vegetable samples
- Hameed Haq
- Adil Elik
- Hasan Durukan
- Handan Sarac
- Ahmet Demirbas
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Nevcihan Gürsoy
- Nail Altunay
2023 JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
This manuscript presents a new method for selective extraction and determination of fosetyl-aluminum in fruits and vegetable samples based on ultrasonic-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method using ionic liquids (IL-UA-DLLME). A UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used for detection and quantification. Plants used for sample collection were grown under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. Central composite design (CCD)-response surface methodology (RSM) analysis was used for the optimization of significant factors (volume of IL, pH, ultrasonication time, and THF volume). Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection and limit of quantification of the IL-UA-DLLME procedure were 1.5 ng mL−1 and 5.0 ng mL−1 respectively with relative standard deviation 1.9–3.3%. The developed IL-UA-DLLME procedure demonstrated linearity within the concentration range of 5–600 ng mL−1 with an R2 value of 0.9914. The enrichment factor was 114 with a recovery% of 94.2–98.6% (n = 3) at optimal conditions. The IL-UA-DLLME assay was used for the analysis of fosetyl-aluminum in a variety of food samples and was found highly selective and efficient.
Application of deep eutectic solvents in analytical sample pretreatment (update 2017–2022). Part A: Liquid phase microextraction
- Vasil Andruch
- Alina Kalyniukova
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Natalia Jatkowska
- Denys Snigur
- Serhii Zaruba
- Julia Płatkiewicz
- Agnieszka Zgoła-Grześkowiak
- Justyna Werner
2023 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
Sustainable development in all branches of human activity has become an unequivocal necessity in the last two decades, and green chemistry goes hand in hand with it. Various ways have been proposed in analytical chemistry to meet the current requirements of green chemistry. One such approach is the research of new reagents and solvents for analytical purposes. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) began being investigated and used in analytical chemistry in the middle of the last decade; since then, we can observe a sharp increase in published works in this area. This paper focuses on liquid–liquid (micro)extraction (LLME) procedures and describes the applications of DESs for the determination of organic and inorganic analytes in various matrices. The use of DESs in sorbent-based procedures will be discussed in a separate paper.
Application of Feed Forward Neural Networks for Modeling of Heat Transfer Coefficient During Flow Condensation for Low and High Values of Saturation Temperatur
- Stanisław Głuch
- Tacjana Niksa-Rynkiewicz
- Dariusz Mikielewicz
- Piotr Stomma
2023 Pełny tekst
Most of the literature models for condensation heat transfer prediction are based on specific experimental parameters and are not general in nature for applications to fluids and non-experimental thermodynamic conditions. Nearly all correlations are created to predict data in normal HVAC conditions below 40°C. High temperature heat pumps operate at much higher parameters. This paper aims to create a general model for the calculation of heat transfer coefficients during flow condensation which could be applied to a wide range of fluids and thermodynamical parameters up to the vicinity of the critical point. To achieve this goal authors present a model based on Feed Forward Neural Network. The designed neural network consists of 5 hidden layers and utilizes ReLu and linear activation functions. The first four layers consist of 50 neurons, and the last layer consists of 1 neuron. The network was trained on a consolidated database which consists of 4659 data points for 25 fluids and covers a range of reduced pressure from 0.1 to 0.9 for various mass velocities and diameters. Two input variants were considered. For randomly selected test data Mean Square Root achieved 0.1093 and Mean Absolute Error MAE achieved 0.2243 for the first configuration which consist of 4 parameters. For the second variant, which consists of 17 parameters, MSE achieved 0.0452 MAE achieved 0.1028.
Application of fiber optic sensors using Machine Learning algorithms for temperature measurement of lithium-ion batteries
- Kacper Cierpiak
- Marta Szczerska
- Paweł Wierzba
2023 Pełny tekst Photonics Letters of Poland
Optical fiber sensorsusing low-coherence interferometry require processing ofthe output spectrum or interferogramto quickly and accurately determine the instantaneous value of the measured quantity, such as temperature.Methods based on machine learning are a good candidate for this application. The application of four such methods in an optical fiber temperature sensoris demonstrated.Using aZnO-coated sensing interferometer and spectral detection,the sensor is intended for monitoring lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. While the performance of all methods was good, some of them seem to be better suited for this application
Application of galvanodynamic impedance spectroscopy for studying passive film cracking under mechanical strain
- Juliusz Orlikowski
- Kacper Jurak
- Kazimierz Darowicki
- Michał Szociński
- Anna Karólkowska
- Szymon Wysmułek
- Maciej Kalinowski
2023 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
The paper reports the results of simultaneous mechanical and electrochemical investigations on austenitic (18/8) stainless steel in a 2 % solution of sulphuric acid. The measurements were performed using Galvanodynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (GDEIS). Electrochemical analysis of mechanical passive layer cracking and repassivation conditions during a tensile test was carried out. Application of this methodology allowed monitoring of the natural corrosion process without external current (IDC = 0A) nor potential perturbation of the system. The results proved the usefulness of measurements of actual electrochemical systems at zero external current conditions. It was found that a transition to an active state occurred for relatively high strain rates, while the passive layer cracking process did not depend on the strain rate.
Application of Nanomaterials for Cadmium Adsorption for Sustainable Treatment of Wastewater: a Review
- Muhammad Atif Irshad
- Rab Nawaz
- Ewa Wojciechowska
- Muhammad Mohsin
- Nicole Nawrot
- Iqra Nasim
- Fida Hussain
2023 WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
Many heavy metals, particularly cadmium, are detrimental to both people and the environment when present in large quantities. In wastewater treatment plants, several conventional approaches are employed for cadmium abatement to restore the ecosystem, food supplies, and health of people and animals. Ion exchange, coagulation, membrane filtration, and chemical precipitation are a few examples of ways for removing heavy metals from wastewater, among the many other strategies for removing Cd from wastewater. Recent materials science and chemistry developments have made it possible to remove specific targets like cadmium using nanomaterials, which have very large specific surface areas and numerous functions. Adsorption by using nanomaterials is acknowledged as a viable method for removing dangerous metals from contaminated water, such as Cd, due to its accessibility, improved benefits, and cost-effectiveness when used properly. Adsorption of heavy metals onto the surface of nanomaterial is the simplest, most cost-effective, clean, and sustainable method for the removal of HMs from wastewater, according to the thorough literature mentioned. This review examined the benefits and downsides of removing cadmium from wastewater using nanomaterials, as well as its production, potentially harmful effects on human health, and removal techniques. This paper examines the most current advancements and trends in cadmium mitigation technologies using nanomaterial adsorption. Future research will concentrate on the encapsulation of nanoparticles in order to gather complete and contrasting data on the diverse applications of different nanomaterials in the adsorption process.
Application of nonmetallic frustrated cations in the activation of small molecules
- Kinga Kaniewska-Laskowska
- Marcin Czapla
- Jarosław Chojnacki
- Rafał Grubba
2023 Pełny tekst DALTON TRANSACTIONS
The concept of nonmetallic frustrated cations has been used in small molecule activation. The in situ generated ambiphilic phosphinoborinium cation activated phenyl isocyanate, diisopropylcarbodiimide, and acetonitrile under very mild conditions without any catalyst, yielding single-, double-, or mixed-activation products. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the reactions of the phosphinoborinium cation with small molecules were elucidated using density functional theory calculations.
Application of Smart IoT Technology in Project Management Scenarios
- Kumeel Rasheed
- Syed Ammad
- Akhunzada Younis Said
- Mohammed Balbehaith
- Vipin Kumar Oad
- Aimal Khan
2023
The report presents a low-cost and flexible solution to control and monitor home and industrial appliances. The popularity of automation devices has increased greatly in recent years due to higher affordability and simplicity through IoT phone and tablet connectivity. For this purpose, we have developed the IoT Outlet: a stand-alone communication unit, used to connect outlets to the internet. The IoT Plug is a power switch which can be accessed via Wi-Fi connection. Users can plug devices into the IoT Plug to remotely switch power on/off, get information of device’s power consumption and local motion status, using wireless commands from the web and Android application. To access IoT Plug, it is connected with a router in Wi-Fi access point mode and control the Plug. An Android-based IoT phone application and Website having the control panels, employs standard operations such as Get and Post requests that return responses to communicate between the remote user and the Plug using PHP MySQL Databases. The main purpose of the paper is for IoT application to control and save power by setting the time scheduling through the controlling interface. Through this IoT device we can control and get feedback from any plugged device. There is a lot of need on large scale industries, laboratories, military fields and real-life situation, where one wants to know the status of the electric operated devices. This project is the building block for the application such as wireless controlling of any appliance that can be plugged in with local voltages i.e. 220V.