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Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2016

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  • Detekcja osoby w wannie
    • Kamil Osiński
    • Adam Bujnowski
    2016

    Starzenie się społeczeństwa powoduje narastanie problemów chorób wieku starczego. Częstym problemem są zasłabnięcia w wannie podczas kąpieli. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie metody identyfikacji tkanki ożywionej w wodzie z wykorzystaniem technik elektromagnetycznych. Obserwując zmiany amplitudy i częstotliwości pracy generatorów, pracujących w pętli sprzężenia zwrotnego z cewką, istnieje możliwość scharakteryzowania i określenia różnic w odpowiedzi generatorów na obecność metalu, wody oraz materiału komórkowego. Jest to metoda nieinwazyjna i niewymagająca ingerencji w poszycie naczynia oraz nieinwazyjna dla kąpiącego się.

  • Detekcja osoby w wannie
    • Kamil Osiński
    • Adam Bujnowski
    2016 Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

    Starzenie się społeczeństwa powoduje narastanie problemów chorób wieku starczego. Częstym problemem są zasłabnięcia w wannie podczas kąpieli. Celem publikacji jest przedstawienie metody identyfikacji tkanki ożywionej w wodzie z wykorzystaniem technik elektromagnetycznych. Obserwując zmiany amplitudy i częstotliwości pracy generatorów, pracujących w pętli sprzężenia zwrotnego z cewką, istnieje możliwość scharakteryzowania i określenia różnic w odpowiedzi generatorów na obecność metalu, wody oraz materiału komórkowego. Jest to metoda nieinwazyjna i niewymagająca ingerencji w poszycie naczynia oraz nieinwazyjna dla kąpiącego się.

  • Determinanty i kierunki rozwoju współpracy Armenii w ramach Partnerstwa Wschodniego
    • Izabela Borucińska
    2016

    Artykuł ukazuje kluczowe detreminanty i kierunki współpracy Armenii w ramach Partnerstwa Wschodniego w kontekście jej wycofania się z podpisania umowy stowarzyszeniowej i rozpoczęcia negocjacji ws nowego ramowego układu o współpracy z UE oraz akcesji w Euroazjatyckiej Unii Gospodarczej

  • Determinanty kreowania wartości marki poprzez media społecznościowe w gospodarce sieciowej
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    2016

    Głównym problemem badawczym podejmowanym w pracy, jest określenie struktury czynników determinujących kreowanie wartości marki w mediach społecznościowych. Dla rozwiązania tego problemu wykonano dwa badania. Pierwsze z nich dotyczyło określenia relacji pomiędzy wartością marki a jej pozycją w sieciach społecznościowych (model BV). Badanie to zrealizowano w oparciu o metody ilościowe: analizę statystyczną danych wtórnych i danych zebranych na drodze obserwacji przy wykorzystaniu autorskiego narzędzia: aplikacji STAT.book.v.02. Drugie, dotyczyło struktury determinant identyfikacji z marką użytkowników sieci społecznościowych, z uwzględnieniem czynnika autoprezentacji (model CsnBI). Badanie to wykonano w oparciu o dane pierwotne zebrane na drodze sondażu pośredniego. Zastosowane metody analizy danych to odpowiednio: regresja liniowa i modelowanie równań strukturalnych. Badanie relacji wartości marki i jej pozycji w mediach społecznościowych zrealizowano w oparciu o dane wtórne i obserwację w IV kwartale roku 2013, zgromadzone w globalnej przestrzeni wirtualnej. Dane pierwotne, niezbędne do przeprowadzenia drugiego badania, zostały zebrane w II kwartale 2015r. Elementy nowatorskie i różnicujące w pracy to: rozpatrywanie wartości marki jako obiektywnej reprezentacji finansowej oraz rozpatrywanie podejmowanych działań inwestycyjnych w markę w mediach społecznościowych, w ujęciu ich bezpośredniego wpływu na wartość marki, w kontraście do szeroko stosowanego proxy w postaci kapitału marki, uwzględnienie czynnika symboliki kategorii marki w badaniach nad relacją wartości marki do pozycji w mediach społecznościowych. Ponadto, zbadano znaczenie czynnika autoprezentacji jako determinanty w odniesieniu do użytkowników danego fanpejdża ogółem, jak również zbadano znaczenie konceptu marki personalnej dla struktury determinant identyfikacji z marką z uwzględnieniem szerokiego grona członków fanpejdży. W rezultacie powyższych, opracowano, nowatorski model struktury determinant identyfikacji użytkownika z marką w sieci społecznościowej, z uwzględnieniem czynnika autoprezentacji użytkownika sieci oraz konstruktu marki osobistej użytkownika sieci, znacząco różny od modelu odzwierciedlającego strukturę determinant identyfikacji z marką w rzeczywistości realnej.

  • Determinanty lokalizacji centrów usług outsourcingowych w Polsce
    • Artur Resmer
    2016

    W pracy za główny cel poznawczy przyjęto identyfikację i weryfikację empiryczna czynników determinujących lokalizację podmiotów z udziałem kapitału zagranicznego świadczących usług outsourcingowych na terenie Polski.

  • Determinanty tempa internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem born globals
    • Nelly Daszkiewicz
    2016 Full text Studia Ekonomiczne. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach

    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie czynników internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw, przede wszystkim born globals. Przedstawione zostały teorie internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw i ich ewolucja. Szczególny nacisk położono na wczesną i szybką internacjonalizację przedsiębiorstw. W części empirycznej przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na próbie 355 polskich zinternacjonalizowanych przedsiębiorstw.

  • Determination of 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD esters in edible oils, fish oils and lipid fractions of margarines available on Polish market
    • Renata Marcinkowska
    • Agnieszka Głowacz-Różyńska
    • Justyna Gromadzka
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2016 FOOD CONTROL

    3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) are intensively investigated food contaminants, which recently emerged as a serious problem within the discovery of high levels of their fatty acid esters in lipid samples. In order to monitor the concentrations of mentioned toxicants in edible oils and fats, several analytical methods have been developed so far. This paper presents the screening research on bound 3-MCPD and bound 2-MCPD contents in edible oils, fish oils (in the form of dietary supplements) and lipid fractions of margarines available on retail market in Poland. Applied SGS “3-in-1” methodology developed by Kuhlmann (2011) was based on mild alkaline transesterification reaction. MCPD esters were not detected in cold-pressed, non-refined edible oils. In all samples of refined oils and products, containing lipid fraction consisting of refined fats, bound 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD were detected. The highest amounts of analytes were present in lipid fractions of margarines and dietary supplements containing refined fish oils (7,3 and 5.5 mg kg−1 respectively).

  • Determination of antifreeze substances in the airport runoff waters by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method
    • Anna Sulej-Suchomska
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    • Zenon Kokot
    • Miguel de la Guardia
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2016 Full text MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    A new method has been developed for the determination of antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and diethylene glycol (DEG) in the samples of airport runoff water. The method is based on headspace solid–phase microextraction (HS–SPME) of target analytes, which is coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Until now, there was a lack of appropriate methodology for collecting reliable data about the concentration levels of these toxic de/anti-icing substances in the new type of environmental samples such as the airport runoff water. The evaluation of green extraction technique, i.e., HS–SPME resulted in establishing the optimal extraction conditions, as follows: 85-μm PA fiber coating, extraction temperature of 80 °C, extraction time of 60 min, desorption time of 7 min at 270 °C, addition of 1.5 g of NaCl, and the sample volume of 8 mL. The recovery ranged from 67% to 89%, which demonstrates that the HS–SPME technique is a powerful method for extracting antifreeze agents from the airport stormwater samples. The developed HS–SPME–GC/MS methodology allowed for the rapid, sensitive, precise, and accurate determination of glycols in the samples of runoff water collected from the airport infrastructures. Next, the presented method has been successfully applied to the analysis of samples collected from different international airports.

  • Determination of biogenic amines in beers by LC-MS/MS
    • Katarzyna Nalazek-Rudnicka
    • Andrzej Wasik
    2016

    Analysis of biogenic amines in beers was carried out by HPLC-MS/MS after their derivatization with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (tosyl chloride). The developed method has been applied for analysis of eighteen biogenic amines in twelve samples of different kind of beers (Lager, Strong Lager, Schwarzbier, Weizenbier, Pils, nonalcoholic Pils, Stout). The method is sensitive and the results precise for majority of the analytes.

  • Determination of chlorine concentration using single temperature modulated semiconductor gas sensor
    • Łukasz Woźniak
    • Paweł Kalinowski
    • Grzegorz Jasiński
    • Piotr Jasiński
    2016

    A periodic temperature modulation using sinusoidal heater voltage was applied to a commercial SnO2 semiconductor gas sensor. Resulting resistance response of the sensor was analyzed using a feature extraction method based on Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). The amplitudes of the higher harmonics of the FFT from the dynamic nonlinear responses of measured gas were further utilized as an input for Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Determination of the concentration of chlorine was performed. Moreover, this work evaluates the sensor performance upon sinusoidal temperature modulation.

  • Determination of COD Fractionation as a Key Factor for Appropriate Modelling and Monitoring of Activated Sludge Processes
    • Anna Remiszewska-Skwarek
    • Jakub Drewnowski
    • Sylwia Fudala-Książek
    • Aneta Łuczkiewicz
    2016

    An operation of wastewater treatment plant is usually controlled by global parameters such as flow, solids retention time, sludge age, concentration of ammonia and dissolved oxygen, etc. It is considered that, together with the chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD), those parameters indirectly exhibit the effectiveness of activated sludge processes. Especially the BOD indicate the amount of organic pollution that can be biologically degraded, but in fact it is inadequate to describe the biodegradation kinetics of all organic substrates present in wastewater. Thus, the Activated Sludge Models (Henze et al., 1987 and 1995) commonly used by IWA Task Group, they all based on the COD fractionations, determined on the basis of different methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modeling of the biological treatment processes at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) using the oxygen uptake rate (OUR)-based respirometric test method together with the flocculation/filtration COD method. The first method measures the biomass activity in situ, expressed by changes in the dissolved oxygen (DO), while in the second method the distinction of COD into readily, slowly and not biodegradable fractions is achieved indirectly and involves flocculation/precipitation/filtration processes. Those parameters were determined for WWTP Gdynia-Debogorze (northern Poland) and implemented into.

  • Determination of cyanide ion in urine samples using ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.
    • Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke
    • Sylwia Narkowicz
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2016

    Cyanides are widely applied in industrial activity, including gold and silver mining and the production of organic chemicals. HCN is also formed directly from fossil fuel combustion sources from gasoline and diesel vehicles. In natural environment, in plants seeds for example an apple seed, it exists as a cyanogenic glycosides. The amount of cyanide ions originating from food products is however rather small. Larger concentrations of this ion result from the tobacco smoke inhalation. Cyanide is toxic to organisms because it disputes the electron transport chain in the mitochondria membrane and prevents respiration. The aim of this research was to develop analytical procedure and its use to study the urine samples. Determined cyanide ion concentrations in 40 samples of urine that were collected from healthy volunteers exposed to tobacco smoke (active smokers) and environmental tobacco smoke (passive smokers). Cyanide detection was achieved by IC – PAD. Some parameters such as linearity (y=0,0248x+0,1069 R=0,997), precision (SD:0,003 CV:1%) and limit of detection (LOD: 0,1µg/l) of the purposed method were investigated.

  • Determination of Earth Pressure and Displacement of the Retaining Structure According to the Eurocode 7-1
    • Eugeniusz Dembicki
    • Bogdan Rymsza
    2016

    Comparative analysis of standard guidelines and findings given in EC7-1 and in Polish Standard PN-83/B-03010. Discussed guidelines concerning active and passive earth pressure as well as at rest pressure state. Wall displacement causing limit states of earth pressure and resistance. Interactive assumptions concerning intermediate earth pressure and resistance values. Conclusions and final remarks.

  • Determination of fuel combustion product in airport runoff water samples using liquid–liquid extraction with gas chromatography–spectrometry
    • Anna Sulej-Suchomska
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    • Andrzej Przyjazny
    • Zbigniew Kokot
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2016 Full text International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology

    Determination of xenobiotics in samples of airport runoff water is both a complex and indispensable task due to an increasing threat resulting from the activities of numerous airports. The aim of this study was to develop, optimize, and validate a procedure based on liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). So far, no procedure was available that would ensure reliable data about concentration levels of these toxic pollutants in a new type of environmental samples, such as airport stormwater. The most difficult step in the analytical procedure used for the determination of fuel combustion products in airport stormwater samples is sample preparation. In this work, eight different protocols of sample preparation were tested. The evaluation of the LLE demonstrated that the best extraction conditions were as follows: dichloromethane (extraction solvent), solvent volume of 15 mL and sample volume of 250 mL. The percent recovery values ranged from 66 to 106 %, which shows that the LLE technique is a powerful method for extracting PAHs from airport runoff water samples with a complex matrix composition. Moreover, the developed procedure was characterized by satisfactory selectivity and a relatively low LOQ (0.17–0.52 μg/L). The procedure has been successfully applied to the analysis of stormwater samples collected from different sites at international airport in Poland. The procedure can thus be used as a tool for tracking the environmental fate of these compounds and for assessing the environmental effect of airports.

  • Determination of MDPBP in postmortem blood samples by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
    • Marek Wiergowski
    • Mateusz Kacper Woźniak
    • Marzena Kata
    • Marek Biziuk
    2016 Full text MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE

    MDPBP (1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-butanone) is a new psychoactive substance sold on the black market. It has been a controlled drug of abuse in Poland and China since 2015 as some toxic and fatal cases connected with use of synthetic cathinone derivatives were observed. The fatal case outlined here concerns a 19 year-old man, who was found dead with an envelope containing white powder lying nearby the cadaver. The analyses of the powder revealed a presence of MDPBP. Due to this, blood was tested for routine toxicological analysis for traditional drugs and for MDPBP by liquid - liquid extraction procedure with 1-chlorobutane followed by GC-MS analysis. Full validation of proposed method was performed. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 10.1 and 30.4 ng/cm3, respectively. Calibration curve was linear in studied concentration range (25-1000 ng/cm3) with a correlation coefficient 0.9946. The trueness and inter-day precision expressed as recoveries and CV values were investigated at 3 concentrations: 25, 250, and 1000 ng/cm3. The CV values were less than 20 % in the lowest concentration and less than 15 % in other concentrations what met the internationally established acceptance criteria for bioanalytical methods. It indicates good precision and accuracy of the method. The analysis of blood sample showed very high concentration of MDPBP (9.32 µg/cm3), which suggests possibility of overdosing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work presents determination of MDPBP in blood by GC-EI-MS method and the third fatal accident report of MDPBP abuse.

  • Determination of modifier contents in polymer-modified bitumens and in samples collected from the roads using high performance gel permeation/size exclusion chromatography
    • Judyta Kosińska
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Grażyna Gałęzowska
    • Joanna Powysocka
    • Andrzej Przyjazny
    • Marian Antoni Kamiński
    2016 Full text Road Materials and Pavement Design

    This paper describes application of high performance gel permeation/size exclusion chromatography (HP-GPC/SEC) for the determination of content of polymer modifiers in modified road bitumens. The obtained results were compared with the measurements based on the procedure recommended by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, which employs Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (mid-IR FTIR). Two most commonly used modifiers of paving bitumens, namely styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) and styrene-butadiene (SB) copolymers as well as modified bitumens sampled from various streets in the city of Gdansk (Poland) were investigated. This work confirmed the ability of GPC/SEC to distinguish modified road bitumens from unmodified ones. The developed methodology is particularly important in quality control of modified bitumens, as well as in arbitration analysis when there is a suspicion that the amount of modifier added to bitumen was lowered or that the material does not meet the specifications concerning the modifier content.

  • Determination of selected chemical parameters in surface water samples collected from the Revelva catchment (Hornsund fjord, Svalbard)
    • Klaudia Kosek
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2016 Full text MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE

    Surface water samples (river and lake) were collected from the Revelva catchment every summer from 2010 to 2013. This study concerns importance of the use of some analytical techniques for pollutants and parameters deter- mination in Arctic environmental samples based on the example of total organic carbon, phenols, and formaldehyde determination and measurement of pH and electrical conductivity parameters. Significant average concentration levels of formaldehyde were observed in 2012 and reached 0.26 mg/dm3. Furthermore, the highest determined levels of total organic carbon and electrical conductivity were observed in samples collected in summer 2013. The average value of total organic carbon in that year was 9.54 mg/dm 3, and electrical conductivity increased to 63.0 uS/cm. The results of surface water samples analyses show an increasing trend in pollutants concentration levels over the years what may suggest that each year the emission of contaminants from lower latitudes is bigger and, consequently, more of them are deposited in the Arctic

  • DETERMINATION OF SP3 FRACTION IN ta-C COATING USING XPS AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
    • V. Zavaleyev
    • J. Walkowicz
    • Mirosław Sawczak
    • Maciej Klein
    • D. Moszyński
    • R. Chodun
    • K. Zdunek
    2016 Problems of Atomic Science and Technology

    The paper presents results of studies on the structure of tetrahedral amorphous carbon films (ta-C) with a thickness in the range from 20 to 280 nm, deposited using pulsed vacuum arc technique with an electromagnetic Venetian blind plasma filter. The results of the phase structure analysis, obtained using visible Raman spectroscopy and UV Raman spectroscopy methods, showed a strong dependence of the results on the presence, on the surface of synthesized thin carbon films, even of a minimum number of microparticles. The presence of microparticles in the deposited coatings strongly affects the accuracy of the measured data, used next for calculation the ID/IG, IT/IG ratios and determination of the G-peak dispersion, for all coating thicknesses, which pointed to significant diversification in sp3-bonds content in deposited films.

  • Determination of terpene profiles in potential superfruits
    • Magdalena Kupska
    • Tomasz Wasilewski
    • Renata Marcinkowska
    • Justyna Gromadzka
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    2016 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES

    The aim of this work was to characterize and compare the profiles of volatile terpenes in four potential superfruits. These profiles were determined using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography linked to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The proposed technique allowed the separation and identification of 79 terpenes present in cape gooseberry, crabapple, cherry silver berry and scarlet hawthorn. The preliminary compound identification was based on the analysis of deconvoluted mass spectra and a comparison of the calculated linear retention indices (LRI) with their values reported in the scientific literature. The compound identification was performed using the available standards. Also, a semi-quantitative TIC-based analysis was performed. The richest terpene profile was identified in cape gooseberry (62 terpenes), where the terpene fraction constituted about 14% of total volatile fraction.

  • Determination of the ionic conductivity of Sr-doped lanthanum manganite by modified Hebb–Wagner technique
    • Tadeusz Miruszewski
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Beata Bochentyn
    • Piotr Jasiński
    • Maria Gazda
    • Bogusław Kusz
    2016 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS

    The Hebb–Wagne rpolarization method with the electron blocking electrode has been discussed in this paper in aim to determine a partial ionic conductivity of Sr-doped lanthanum manganite.The “limiting current” in the proposed system was measured using the two-point DC technique with additional Pt electrode between LSM and blocking electrode.The electrochemical model based on bulk diffusion processes and Boltzmann statistics has been also described. The ionic conductivity calculated with the use of proposed model for La0.7Sr0.3MnO3þδ was5.3104 S cm1 at 800 °C and the activation energy of ionic conductivity was found to be (0.6070.02) eV.This result is in agreement with previous literature reports and indicates the workability of the modified Hebb–Wagner system.