2016 - Publications Repository - Gdańsk University of Technology

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Publications from the year 2016

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Determination of time dependence of coated metal electrical and electrochemical parameters during exposure using principal component analysis
- Andrzej Miszczyk
- Kazimierz Darowicki
2016 PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
The use of the principal component analysis (PCA) permits the complex and quantitative analysis of the time dependence of electrical and electrochemical parameters of coated metal obtained by fitting impedance data. So far, changes in electrical and electrochemical parameters during exposure were analyzed independently. In this way, some of the information contained in the relationship between changes in parameters over time are lost. In the approach presented, in order to overcome this drawback a correlation analysis using the principal component approach was proposed. The results of this analysis, a ‘correlation circle’ plot shows a projection of a set of parameters and time onto a two-dimensional plane. The high level of correlation of the given parameter with exposure time means rapid changes in the properties described by this parameter in the system under study, and the low level of correlation indicates small changes and testifies to the durability of the features described by the given parameter. The usefulness of this approach for analysis of time-varying impedance data has been illustrated by example of coating applied on hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates.
Determination of Vehicles Load Equivalency Factors for Polish Catalogue of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures
- Dawid Ryś
- Józef Judycki
- Piotr Jaskuła
2016 Transportation Research Procedia
The new Polish Catalog of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures was introduced to use in practice in 2014. Much of works were focused on actualization of vehicles load equivalency factors. For this purpose data delivered from weigh-inmotion were analyzed. Four methods of determination of load equivalency factors for pavement structure design were compared. The analysis showed that fourth power equation, AASHTO 1993 and French LCPC methods derived load equivalency factors at similar level and these obtained factors can be underestimated in comparison to results delivered from mechanistic-empirical method. The paper presents a new approach to determine load equivalency factors with consideration of several issues which have a significant impact on traffic load assessment for pavement design. The weigh-in-motion data are available only for a small part of whole road network, thus to determine values valid for roads in whole country, the statistical analysis of load equivalency factor were performed. The dynamic coefficient can have significant impact on load equivalency factor, especially on minor roads with weak roughness of pavement surface. The weigh-in-motion derives archival data and it is known from long-term observations that vehicles weights and axle loads increase while pavement life period. Legal axle load limit and the percentage of overloaded vehicles have significantly impact on load equivalency factors. The final values of vehicle load equivalency factor were adjusted to include the coefficient of vehicle dynamic loads, growth of vehicle weights in the future and impact of overloaded vehicles.
Determining and verifying the safety integrity level of the safety instrumented systems with the uncertainty and security aspects
- Emilian Piesik
- Marcin Śliwiński
- T. Barnert
2016 RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY
Safety and security aspects consist of two different group of functional requirements for the control and protection systems. In the paper it is proposed that the security analysis results can be used as a factor increasing or decreasing the risk level. It concerns a process of determining required safety integrity level of given safety functions. The authors propose a new approach for functional safety risk analysis. In this case the security factor influences the value of required safety integrity level SIL by changing the frequency of accident scenario. It can be done by using the methodology of modified risk graph. On the other hand there is a verification of required SIL fulfillment for designed safety-related system which implements safety function. In this case the result of security analysis is affecting uncertainty of probabilistic model parameters. The proposed method takes into consideration the sensitivity analysis of probabilistic models of E/E/PE or safety instrumented systems SIS as well as the uncertainty of probabilistic results. It uses differential factors, which are helpful for effective verification of required SIL of the E/E/PE or SIS systems taking into account results of sensitivity analysis and/or assessment of uncertainty ranges obtained from probabilistic models developed.
DETERMINING THE TIME CONSTANT USING TWO METHODS AND DEFINING THE THERMOCOUPLE RESPONSE TO SINE EXCITATION OF GAS TEMPERATURE
- Patrycja Puzdrowska
2016 Full text Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
This paper describes the two methods of determining the time constant of type K thermocouple, for two construction solutions: the exposed weld and the mantle fillet weld. This is an important parameter indicating the response time of the thermocouple on the recorded signal. The first method consists of determining the value of τ in the way of numerical simulation of heat exchange between the thermocouple and the current of gas [2] for the parameters adopted for the gas and for the known construction of the temperature sensor. The second method is a graphical determination of these parameters on the basis of the sequence of high frequency temperature of gas. The study was conducted to determine the position of the dynamic properties of thermocouples [3]. Based on these results was made the choice of the thermocouple with the best dynamic properties, which helped during the tests on the reciprocating compressor [4]. On the basis of the sequence of high frequency temperature and gas pressure was determined the response of the thermocouple on the sine excitation of gas temperature (the phase and amplitude displacement of the sequence) [5]. The used method of signal correction was rated and its suitability for diagnostic testing of piston machines was determined.
Developing a cycling subsystem as part of a sustainable mobility strategy: the case of Gdansk
- Romanika Okraszewska
- Krzysztof Grzelec
- Kazimierz Jamroz
2016 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria: Transport
Modal share is an important component in developing sustainable transport within a city. In recent years, many cities have set modal share targets for balanced and sustainable transport modes: 30% of public transport and 30% of non-motorized (cycling and walking) modes. Gdansk strategic documents have set similar goals with some actions already taken towards those goals. The cycle network is increasing popular. Gdansk’s cycling infrastructure is more developed than that in other Polish cities. Promotional actions are undertaken each year. Despite that, the share of cycling in the modal split still remains at the low level of 1-3%. The article analyses the case study of Gdansk’s cycling policy and its results. The article summarizes the modal share targets set in Gdansk’s strategic documents, describes the development of its cycle network and promotional campaigns, and presents the volume of bicycle traffic and its share in the city’s modal split. Finally, the article aims to identify the causes behind the low percentage of bicyclists in Gdansk.
Developing Methodology for Model Tests of Floating Platforms in Low -Depth Towing Tank
- Czesław Dymarski
- Paweł Dymarski
2016 Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
The paper presents two different methods of physical modeling of semi-submersible platform mooring system for research in low depth towing tank. The tested model was made in the scale of 1:100 resembling the "Thunder Horse" platform moored in the Gulf of Mexico at a depth of 1,920 m. Its mooring system consisted of 16 semi-taut mooring lines (chain-wire-chain) spaced starshape and attached at the bottom to suction piles. The tests were performed in the towing tank of the Gdansk University of Technology (GUT). The tank depth is 1.5 m and which is about 13.5 times less than that required for typical model tests. This required the development and use of non-standard methods of mooring for the model, which was adapted to the technical conditions existing in the laboratory and material possibilities. Numerical calculations and characteristics of static displacement of the model as a function of the external horizontal load were carried out for both anchoring systems. These characteristics were scaled to the natural conditions and compared with the calculated characteristics of the reference platform. The second methods of modeling proved to be much more accurate.
Development and Research of the Text Messages Semantic Clustering Methodology
- Nina Rizun
- Paweł Kapłański
- Yurii Taranenko
2016 Full text
The methodology of semantic clustering analysis of customer’s text-opinions collection is developed. The author's version of the mathematical models of formalization and practical realization of short textual messages semantic clustering procedure is proposed, based on the customer’s text-opinions collection Latent Semantic Analysis knowledge extracting method. An algorithm for semantic clustering of the text-opinions is developed, the distinctive characteristics of which is the introduction of concepts and methods of identification point of reference in the scale of text-opinions collection closeness determination; instrument of the documents’ closeness degree identification; measure of similarity between pairs of documents. The version of quantitative evaluation of the clustering results is developed. The concepts of resolving power of the method of semantic clustering and level of the clustering procedure quality are proposed. Analysis of the specific features and the effectiveness level of various distance measures is conducted
Development of chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions for untargeted lipidomic analysis of human breast milk
- Dorota Garwolińska
- Weronika Hewelt-Belka
- Agata Kot-Wasik
2016
Human breast milk (HBM) is a complex biofluid containing components which are essential for the proper growth of the newborn (for example nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) and also bioactive substances. According to the literature, most of studies involving HBM nutrients investigations focused essentially on the determination of proteins. The molecular composition of lipids in HBM is not well known as the protein content. Until now, only few studies involving lipidomic analysis of HBM were performed. Moreover, most of them have been carried out in targeted and focused manner. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop methodology for untargeted lipidomic analysis of HBM. Analysis of HBM lipids was carried out with use high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). Herein, methods for sample preparation, separation and identification of total lipids present in HBM during one analytical cycle is presented.
Development Of Dynamic Method For Evaluation Of Corrosion Rate On The Example Of Organic Corrosion İnhibitor
- Agata Jażdżewska
- Kazimierz Darowicki
- Juliusz Orlikowski
2016
Measurements of the corrosion rate belong to the most important aspects of materials science. In order to reduce material loss corrosion inhibitors are used. However selection of proper inhibitor should be based on evaluation of its mechanism and effective concentrations. Mechanism of inhibition usually has dynamic character so physicochemical parameters are changing in time. Most of actually used methods are stationary or contain assumptions which highly influences obtained values. Development of new dynamic method allows perturbation of the system by signal composed of galvanodynamic perturbation and AC signal as a set of 20 sinusoids. The modified DEIS technique is used for determining instant value of charge transfer resistance. Novel electrochemical approach for estimation of actual corrosion rate of mild steel in industrial water inhibited by 8-Hydroxyquinoline based on impedance measurements in the form of modified galvanodynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (DEIS) under linear current change conditions is presented. Obtained values were instantly compared with polarization resistance taken from the potential-current dependence. Concentration of inhibitor was changed by 3 steps during measurement. The highest recorded inhibition efficiency was about 76% for concentration 5.97x10-3g/mol. Two methods confirmed that higher concentration has negative effect. After twenty hours of exposition of sample in the 9.19x10-3g/mol of 8-HQ efficiency was equal to 72% is maintained. Tafel polarization measurements allowed indication of 8-Hydroxyquinoline as cathodic type inhibitor.
Development of trolleybus public transport in Gdynia as part of sustainable mobility strategy
- Krzysztof Grzelec
- Krystian Birr
2016 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria: Transport
In many EU cities trolleybuses are experiencing a period of revitalization. New lines, new and modern trolley-buses, the use of auxiliary propulsion battery, eco-logical values and others, create great opportunities for that kind of public transport as an effective tool to shape transport policy in accordance with the principles of sustainable mobility. Gdynia is one of three cities in Poland with trolleybuses public transport sub-system . Since the beginning of political and economic transformation Gdynia’s authority consistently implements measures aimed at balancing urban mobility, above all by improving the quality of public transport services and creating condi-tions for the development of alternatives forms of transport for private car travel. The experience in the development of trolleybuses in Gdynia as an element of sustainable mobility, taking into account the nature of this mean of transport, eco-nomic, operational, implementation of original technological solutions of the trol-leybuses construction, support managing decision by marketing research are the subject of this paper.
Devices for the production of reference gas mixtures
- Cyprian Fijało
- Tomasz Dymerski
- Jacek Gębicki
- Jacek Namieśnik
2016 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
For many years there has been growing demand for gaseous reference materials, which is connected with development in many fields of science and technology. As a result, new methodological and instrumental solutions appear that can be used for this purpose. Appropriate quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) must be used to make sure that measurement data are a reliable source of information. Reference materials are a significant element of such systems. In the case of gas samples, such materials are generally called reference gas mixtures. This article presents the application and classification of reference gas mixtures, which are a specific type of reference materials, and the methods for obtaining them are described. Construction solutions of devices for the production of reference gas mixtures are detailed, and a description of a prototype device for dynamic production of reference gas mixtures containing aroma compounds is presented.
Diagnostyka cieplno-przepływowa turbin parowych
- Marta Drosińska-Komor
- Jerzy Głuch
2016
Diagnostyka cieplno-przepływowa należy do diagnostyki technicznej zajmuje się ona badaniem oraz oceną przemian energetycznych. Głównym zadaniem diagnostyki cieplno-przepływowej jest utrzymanie obiektu w stanie jak ja wyższej sprawności. W referacie tym omawianym obiektem jest turbina parowa występująca w elektrowniach.
Diagnostyka obwodów elektrycznych magnesów nadprzewodzących
- Marek Wołoszyk
- Michał Ziółko
- Leon Swędrowski
2016 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
W ramach międzynarodowego projektu FAIR, którego uczestnikiem jest również Polska, budowany jest obecnie w Darmstad (Niemcy) akcelerator kołowy. Będzie on służyć do rozpędzania ciężkich jonów do prędkości bliskich prędkości światła. Akcelerator ten będzie zbudowany z magnesów nadprzewodzących co pozwoli m.in. na minimalizację strat energii elektrycznej. Utrzymanie magnesów akceleratora w stanie nadprzewodnictwa wymaga kontroli kluczowych jego parametrów zarówno przed pierwszym uruchomieniem jak i w trakcie eksploatacji. Na Wydziale Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej opracowywany jest obecnie system pomiarowo-diagnostyczny, który ma służyć do testowania stanu obwodów elektrycznych magnesów nadprzewodzących. W artykule przedstawiono wymagania stawiane przed systemem pomiarowym oraz koncepcję działania podsystemów do kontroli stanu izolacji oraz poprawności połączeń magnesów. Omówiono także wnioski wypływające z badań elementów systemu pomiarowego.
Diagnostyka sieci trakcyjnej i monitoring odbieraków prądu
- Krzysztof Karwowski
2016
Niewłaściwa współpraca odbieraka prądu i sieci trakcyjnej, w trudnych warunkach lokalnych, może prowadzić do usterek a nawet uszkodzenia sieci jezdnej i pantografu. Sporadycznie występujące awarie oprócz kosztów wprowadzają znaczące opóźnienia w ruchu pociągów. Wskazano na potrzebę rozwoju metod monitoringu i diagnostyki dla tego systemu odbioru prądu. Przedstawiono wybrane aspekty diagnostyki górnej sieci trakcyjnej oraz metodę monitorowania stanu technicznego odbieraków prądu na linii kolejowej. Opisano zasadę działania wdrożonych urządzeń pomiarowo-diagnostycznych. Przedstawiono metodę analizy i sposób wizualizacji wyników pomiarów. Poprzez utworzenie nowych i dokładniejszych narzędzi symulacyjnych, których zakres obejmuje modelowanie zarówno górnej sieci trakcyjnej i odbieraka prądu, a także ich dynamicznego oddziaływania, możliwa jest dokładniejsza ocena diagnostyczna. Omówiono koncepcję wykorzystania bezprzewodowych sieci sensorowych do monitoringu oddziaływania odbieraka pojazdu na sieć jezdną.
Diagnostyka zbiorników stalowych
- Stanisław Kisielewski
2016 Full text
Rozprawa doktorska dotyczy zagadnienia związanego z wieloletnim okresem eksploatacji stalowych zbiorników o osi głównej pionowej służących do magazynowania lub komponowania produktów naftowych. Scharakteryzowano typy zbiorników i zagadnienia z nimi związane w o parciu o dostępną literaturę, normy przepisy i rozporządzenia dotyczące tego tematu. Dokonano analizy przyczyn obniżających dalszą przydatność zbiorników do eksploatacji, wskazano strefy najbardziej narażone na wystąpienie utraty własności i nośności konstrukcji. Dokonano przeglądu technik, sposobów i metod oceny stanu technicznego zbiorników. W dysertacji podjęto próbę oceny rozwarstwień blach ,zwłaszcza płaszcza zbiornika. Wykonano analizę wytężeń elementów konstrukcji zbiorników metodą MES. Istotnym elementem omawianym w pracy jest metoda Emisji Akustycznej stosowana do wstępnej oceny i lokalizacji miejsc najbardziej zagrożonych w płaszczu i dnie zbiornika. Jest to jedyna dotychczas metoda pozwalająca na wykrycie zagrożeń spowodowanych uszkodzeniami, np. procesami korozyjnymi bez wyłączenia zbiorników z eksploatacji. Daje informację na temat wad oraz ewentualnej ich propagacji zagrażającej dalszej bezpiecznej pracy. Zaproponowane w niniejszej pracy zmodyfikowane metodyki oceny stanu technicznego z wykorzystaniem metody Emisji Akustycznej pozwoliły na skuteczne przeprowadzenie badań diagnostycznych rzeczywistych zbiorników magazynowych o różnych pojemnościach i konstrukcjach.
Diamond-based protective layer for optical biosensors
- Daria Majchrowicz
- Mateusz Ficek
- Tymon Baran
- Michał Wąsowicz
- Przemysław Struk
- Małgorzata Szczerska
2016
Optical biosensors have become a powerful alternative to the conventional ways of measurement owing to their great properties, such as high sensitivity, high dynamic range, cost effectiveness and small size. Choice of an optical biosensor's materials is an important factor and impacts the quality of the obtained spectra. Examined biological objects are placed on a cover layer which may react with samples in a chemical, biological and mechanical way, therefore having a negative impact on the measurement reliability. Diamond, a metastable allotrope of carbon with sp3 hybridization, shows outstanding properties such as: great chemical stability, bio-compatibility, high thermal conductivity, wide bandgap and optical transparency. Additionally it possesses great mechanical durability, which makes it a long-lasting material. The protective diamond thin films were deposited on the substrate using Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW PA CVD) system. The surface morphology and roughness was assessed with atomic force microscopy and profilometry. We have performed a series of measurements to assess the biocompatibility of diamond thin films with whole blood. The results show that thin diamond protective layer does not affect the red blood cells, while retaining the sensors high resolution and dynamic range of measurement. Therefore, we conclude that diamond thin films are a viable protective coating for optical biosensors, which allows to examine many biological elements. We project that it can be particularly useful not only for biological objects but also under extreme conditions like radioactive or chemically aggressive environments and high temperatures.
Differentiation Between Spirits According to Their Botanical Origin
- Paulina Wiśniewska
- Magdalena Śliwińska
- Tomasz Dymerski
- Waldemar Wardencki
- Jacek Namieśnik
2016 Full text Food Analytical Methods
Agricultural distillates are used for the production of spirit beverages. As more and more products with a specific botanical composition specified on the label are produced (e.g. rye vodkas, wheat vodkas and Polish Vodka, which cannot be produced with the addition of maize distillate), it is necessary to look for quicker and more accurate methods allowing the determination of botanical origin of alcoholic beverages and materials used to their production. The aim of this study is to verify the usefulness of the electronic nose based on the ultra-fast gas chromatography for quick differentiation between agricultural distillates according to their botanical origin. Nineteen samples included distillates from rye, triticale, wheat and maize were used for the research. For data analysis, the following methods were used: PCA— Principal Component Analysis, DFA—Discriminant Function Analysis, SIMCA classification (SIMCA— Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogies) and SQC—Statistical Quality Control. The use of the electronic nose with ultra-fast gas chromatography and the use of DFA and SIMCA analyses allowed differentiation between agricultural distillates according to their botanical origin.
Digital Audio Broadcasting or Webcasting: A Network Quality Perspective
- Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
- Jacek Stefański
2016 Full text Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology
In recent years, many alternative technologies of delivering audio content have emerged, with different advantages and disadvantages. In this paper pros and cons of digital audio broadcasting and webcasting transmission techniques in a network quality perspective are described. A case study of user expectations with respect to currently available services is analyzed, and the perceived quality of real digital broadcasted and webcasted radio stations is examined.
Digital Control System of the Wavemaker in the Towing Tank
- Marcin Drzewiecki
2016 Automatyka Elektryka Zakłócenia
The paper describes a digital control system of the rigid flap wavemaker in a towing tank in CTO S.A. Ship Design and Research Centre. The control system is based on an 8-bit AVR microcontroller and consists of two cascading PID controllers. The digital system replaced the previous analogue system from 1974 and has been integrated with the existing sensors and actuators of the wavemaker. The new control system allows to obtain required repeatability of the generated waves.
Digital Government and Administrative Burden Reduction
- Linda Veiga
- Luis Barbosa
- Tomasz Janowski
2016
Administrative burden represents the costs to businesses, citizens and the administration itself of complying with government regulations and procedures. The burden tends to increase with new forms of public governance that rely less on direct decisions and actions undertaken by traditional government bureaucracies, and more on government creating and regulating the environment for other, non-state actors to jointly address public needs. Based on the reviews of research and policy literature, this paper explores administrative burden as a policy problem, presents how Digital Government (DG) could be applied to address this problem, and identifies societal adoption, organizational readiness and other conditions under which DG can be an effective tool for Administrative Burden Reduction (ABR). Finally, the paper tracks ABR to the latest Contextualization stage in the DG evolution, and discusses possible development approaches and technological potential of pursuing ABR through DG.