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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Anisotropic mechanical behavior and auxeticity of penta-graphene: Molecular statics/molecular dynamics studies
    • Szymon Winczewski
    • Jarosław Rybicki
    2019 Full text CARBON

    We investigate the mechanical properties of penta-graphene (PG), a recently proposed two-dimensional carbon allotrope using atomistic simulation techniques combined with the empirical description of interatomic interactions. We report on the dependence of its three in-plane mechanical moduli (i.e. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio and shear modulus) on the deformation direction, strain and temperature. We show that PG displays a strongly manifested mechanical anisotropy, being characterized by Poisson's ratio and the shear modulus which both depend strongly on the deformation direction. By analyzing bond energies we study the influence of different carbon-carbon bonds on the mechanical response of PG and based on that we explain the origins of the observed anisotropy. We show that it is mostly a consequence of the characteristics of the sp3 -hybridizied bonds, which form the diamond-like tetrahedral blocks. We investigate the auxeticity of PG in detail and show that it displays complete auxetic behavior, having negative Poisson's ratio for all the deformation directions. We show that the auxeticity of PG is similar to that of defective graphene containing 5-8-5 double vacancies, as it also originates from the so-called de-wrinkling mechanism. We study the influence of temperature and show that it only slightly affects the mechanical moduli of PG.

  • Antecedents to Achieve Kanban Optimum Benefits in Software Companies
    • Muhammad Ahmad
    • Anna Rohunen
    • Päivi Raulamo-jurvanen
    2019

    In 2004, Kanban successfully entered into the Agile and Lean realm. Since then software companies have been increasingly using it in software development teams. The goal of this study is to perform an empirical investigation on antecedents considered as important for achieving optimum benefits of Kanban use and to discuss the practical implications of the findings. We conducted an online survey with software professionals from the Lean Software Development LinkedIn community to investigate the importance of antecedents of using Kanban for achieving optimum benefits. Our study reveals that subjective norm, organizational support, ease of use, Kanban use experience and training are the antecedents for achieving expected benefits of Kanban. The potential benefits of Kanban use can only be realized when the key antecedents are not only identified, but also infused across an organization. When managing the transition to or using Kanban, practitioners need to adapt their strategies on the extent of various antecedents, a few identified in this study.

  • Anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones as a New Class of Antistaphylococcal Agents: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
    • Viktor Zvarych
    • Maryna Stasevych
    • Volodymyr Novikov
    • Eduard Rusanov
    • Mykhailo Vovk
    • Piotr Szweda
    • Katarzyna Grecka
    • Slawomir Milewski
    2019 Full text MOLECULES

    The development and spread of resistance of human pathogenic bacteria to the action of commonly used antibacterial drugs is one of the key problems in modern medicine. One of the especially dangerous and easily developing antibiotic resistant bacterial species is Staphylococcus aureus. Anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones 22–38 have been developed as novel effective antistaphylococcal agents. These compounds have been obtained by sequential conversion of 1-amino-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (1) and 1-amino-4-bromo-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-carboxylic acid (2) into the corresponding amides 5–21, followed by subsequent endo-cyclization under the influence of sodium nitrite in acetic acid. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds against selected species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as pathogenic yeasts of the Candida genus has been carried out by the serial dilution method. It has been established that anthra[1,2-d][1,2,3]triazine-4,7,12(3H)-triones exhibit selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Eight, six and seven, out of seventeen compounds tested, effectively inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. aureus ATCC 29213 and S. epidermidis ATCC12228, respectively, at a concentration equal to 1 µg/mL or lower. The high antistaphylococcal potential of the most active compounds has been also confirmed against clinical isolates of S. aureus, including the MRSA strains. However, bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus have demonstrated apparent resistance to the novel compounds when grown as a biofilm. None of the four selected compounds 3234 and 36 at a concentration of 64 µg/mL (128 or 256 × MIC—against planktonic cells) has caused any decrease in the metabolic activity of the staphylococcal cells forming the biofilm. The kinetic time–kill assay revealed some important differences in the activity of these substances. Compound 33 is bacteriostatic, while other demonstrate bactericidal activity.

  • Antibacterial Activity and Cytocompatibility of Bone Cement Enriched with Antibiotic, Nanosilver, and Nanocopper for Bone Regeneration
    • Marcin Wekwejt
    • Anna Michno
    • Karolina Truchan
    • Anna Pałubicka
    • Beata Świeczko-Żurek
    • Anna Maria Osyczka
    • Andrzej Zieliński
    2019 Full text Nanomaterials

    Bacterial infections due to bone replacement surgeries require modifications of bone cement with antibacterial components. This study aimed to investigate whether the incorporation of gentamicin or nanometals into bone cement may reduce and to what extent bacterial growth without the loss of overall cytocompatibility and adverse effects in vitro. The bone cement Cemex was used as the base material, modified either with gentamicin sulfate or nanometals: Silver or copper. The inhibition of bacterial adhesion and growth was examined against five different bacterial strains along with integrity of erythrocytes, viability of blood platelets, and dental pulp stem cells. Bone cement modified with nanoAg or nanoCu revealed greater bactericidal effects and prevented the biofilm formation better compared to antibiotic-loaded bone cement. The cement containing nanoAg displayed good cytocompatibility without noticeable hemolysis of erythrocytes or blood platelet disfunction and good viability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC). On the contrary, the nanoCu cement enhanced hemolysis of erythrocytes, reduced the platelets aggregation, and decreased DPSC viability. Based on these studies, we suggest the modification of bone cement with nanoAg may be a good strategy to provide improved implant fixative for bone regeneration purposes.

  • Antibiotic-Based Conjugates Containing Antimicrobial HLopt2 Peptide: Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities
    • Natalia Ptaszyńska
    • Katarzyna Gucwa
    • Katarzyna Olkiewicz
    • Anna Łȩgowska
    • Joanna Okońska
    • Jarosław Ruczyński
    • Agata Gitlin-Domagalska
    • Dawid Dȩbowski
    • Sławomir Milewski
    • Krzysztof Rolka
    2019 ACS Chemical Biology

    Recent studies have shown that modified human lactoferrin 20−31 fragment, named HLopt2, possesses antibacterial and antifungal activity. Thus, we decided to synthesize and evaluate the biological activity of a series of conjugates based on this peptide and one of the antimicrobials with proven antibacterial (ciprofloxacin, CIP, and levofloxacin, LVX) or antifungal (fluconazole, FLC) activity. The drugs were covalently connected to the peptide via amide, methylenecarbonyl moieties, or a disulfide bridge. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated under Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommended conditions or in a low-salt brain−heart infusion diluted medium (BHI1/100). Results showed that conjugation of the peptide with the drug increased its antimicrobial activity up to 4-fold. Under CLSI-recommended conditions, all the compounds revealed rather low efficiency. Among conjugates, the highest antibacterial activity was recorded for the CIP-Cys-S-S-HLopt2-NH2 (III). In BHI1/100, which had lower differentiating properties, all of the conjugates revealed low MIC and MMC (minimum inhibitory and microbicidal concentrations) values. The disulfide bridge used as a linker in the most active conjugate (III) upon incubation with S. aureus cells is reduced, releasing constituent peptide and CIP-Cys. In addition, we showed that its fluorescently labeled analogue and constituent peptide are able to be internalized into both C. albicans and S. aureus cells. Moreover, the invaluable advantage of the presented conjugates was their low toxicity to mammalian cells and very low hemolytic activity. The current research can form a solid basis for further in vivo studies and drug development.

  • Anticancer and antimicrobial properties of novel η6-p-cymene ruthenium(ii) complexes containing a N,S-type ligand, their structural and theoretical characterization
    • Ewelina Namiecińska
    • Beata Sadowska
    • Marzena Więckowska-Szakiel
    • Anna Dołęga
    • Beata Pasternak
    • Magdalena Grazul
    • Elzbieta Budzisz
    2019 Full text RSC Advances

    Ruthenium(II) complexes are lately of great scientific interest due to their chemotherapeutic potential asanticancer and antimicrobial agents. Here we present the synthesis of new pyrazole carbothioamidederivatives and their four arene–ruthenium complexes. The title compounds were characterized with theapplication of IR, NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. Additionally, for newcomplexes DFT calculations were done. Their antimicrobial activity (MIC, MBC/MFC) was examinedinvitroagainstStaphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Enterococcus faecalis,Pseudomonasaeruginosa,Proteus vulgarisandCandida albicans. Their cytotoxic effects, using the MTT assay, againstthree cancer cell lines: HL-60, NALM-6, WM-115 and normal human foreskinfibroblasts (HFF-1) werealso investigated. The influence of the new arene–ruthenium(II) complexes on the DNA structure wasalso tested. From our results, compound2dshowed higher cytotoxicity against melanoma cell line WM-115 than cisplatin. Strong biostatic and biocidal activity of the tested complexes against Gram-positivebacteria, includingS. aureus,S. epidermidisandE. faecaliswas demonstrated. The new arene–ruthenium(II) compounds could not only inhibit proliferation of cancer cells, but also protect patientsagainst malignant wound infections.

  • ANTIOXIDANT POWER SERIES (APS) AS A TOOL FOR RATIONAL DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH PROMOTING PROPERTIES OF FUNCTONAL FOODS BASED ON ANTIOXIDANT PHYTOCHEMICALS
    • Agnieszka Bartoszek-Pączkowska
    • Monika Baranowska
    • Klaudia Suliborska
    • Wojciech Chrzanowski
    • Barbara Kusznierewicz
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    2019

    Over past decades, plantborne antioxidants dominated so called "translational research" in the area of food, nutrition, and disease prevention. Among consumers and producers, such phytochemicals are synonyms of nutriceuticals. Popularity and commercial success of antioxidants stems from mechanistic studies suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in etiology of chronic diseases. However, epidemiology failed to provide unequivocal confirmation of protective role of plantborne antioxidants in people exposed to oxidative stress. This ambiguity results from still insufficient understanding of relationships between chemical nature, redox potential in particular, and biological or physiological activity of antioxidants in the reducing environment of respectively cell or whole organism. To fill in this gap, we elaborate Antioxidant Power Series (APS) for antioxidants produced endogenously and found in edible or medicinal plants. APS is supposed to resemble the electrochemical series, which enables chemists to predict behavior of redox pairs in different systems. Similarly as hydrogen constitutes the point "zero" in electrochemical series, in the case of APS as such a reference point glutathione (GSH), the main physiological antioxidant, is proposed. The current version of APS for over 30 antioxidants and its relation to biological activities associated with redox homeostasis exhibited by these compounds will be presented and predictive value discussed.

  • Anti-plane surface waves in media with surface structure: Discrete vs. continuum model
    • Victor Eremeev
    • Basant Lal Sharma
    2019 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    We present a comparison of the dispersion relations derived for anti-plane surface waves using the two distinct approaches of the surface elasticity vis-a-vis the lattice dynamics. We consider an elastic half-space with surface stresses described within the Gurtin–Murdoch model, and present a formulation of its discrete counterpart that is a square lattice half-plane with surface row of particles having mass and elastic bonds different from the ones in the bulk. As both models possess anti-plane surface waves we discuss similarities between the continuum and discrete viewpoint. In particular, in the context of the behaviour of phase velocity, we discuss the possible characterization of the surface shear modulus through the parameters involved in lattice formulation.

  • Antybiotyki aminoglikozydowe - problemy i wyzwania współczesnej analityki
    • Marta Glinka
    • Andrzej Wasik
    2019 Analityka: Nauka i Praktyka

    Zwiększające się zużycie produktów farmaceutycznych i ich przedostawanie się do środowiska naturalnego, jest jednym z istotnych problemów współczesnego świata. Legislacja dotycząca zawartości antybiotyków w środowisku naturalnym, żywności pochodzenia zwierzęcego, jak również w przypadku kontroli składu produktów farmaceutycznych ulega ciągłym zaostrzeniom. Stawia to przed analitykami coraz to nowe wyzwania polegające na opracowaniu możliwie czułych oraz selektywnych metod ich oznaczania. Jednak czy w każdym przypadku jest to możliwe i łatwe do osiągnięcia? Z punktu widzenia analityka, szczególnie trudne do oznaczenia są farmaceutyki charakteryzujące się wysoką polarnością oraz zdolnością do tworzenia kompleksów ze składnikami matrycy. Doskonałym przykładem tego typu substancji są antybiotyki aminoglikozydowe.

  • ANTYGENY REKOMBINANTOWE W DIAGNOSTYCE SEROLOGICZNEJ BORELIOZY
    • Weronika Grąźlewska
    • Lucyna Holec-Gąsior
    2019 Full text Postępy Mikrobiologii

    Borelioza jest najczęstszą chorobą odkleszczową dotykającą mieszkańców półkuli północnej. Chorobę tę wywołują bakterie zakwalifikowane do grupy Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Współcześnie podstawą diagnostyki laboratoryjnej boreliozy jest dwustopniowe badanie serologiczne. Pierwszym etapem jest test immunoenzymatyczny (ELISA), jeżeli wynik badania jest dodatni lub wątpliwy jako test potwierdzający stosuje się technikę Western blot. W obu metodach jako główne źródło antygenów wykorzystuje się całkowite lizaty komórkowe B. burgdorferi s.l. Jednak ogromna różnorodność gatunków w obrębie B. burgdorferi s.l. oraz niski stopień zakonserwowania sekwencji ich białek sprawia, że wykorzystanie lizatów komórkowych jednego z genogatunków nie jest wystarczające do prawidłowego rozpoznania boreliozy. Liczne doniesienia literaturowe wykazują, że wykorzystanie antygenów rekombinantowych lub chimerycznych B. burgdorferi s.l. może być potencjalnym rozwiązaniem problemów występujących w immunodiagnostyce boreliozy. Jednak, aby testy diagnostyczne oparte na białkach rekombinantowych miały jak największą skuteczność należy wykorzystać w nich starannie wyselekcjonowane antygeny lub ich fragmenty. Dzięki takiemu podejściu można opracować test, którego czułość pozostanie niezależna od genogatunku B. burgdorferi s.l., który wywołał chorobę. Dodatkowo wykorzystanie jedynie fragmentów białek może zdecydowanie ograniczyć częstość występowania reakcji krzyżowych.

  • Aplikacja na system operacyjny Android sterująca kontrolerem sieci SDN
    • Radosław Gackowski
    • Sylwester Kaczmarek
    • Jacek Andrzej Litka
    2019 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    W artykule omówiono koncepcję, realizację i testy przeprowadzone przy tworzeniu aplikacji na system Android przeznaczonej do sterowania kontrolerem sieci SDN. Przedstawione zostały schemat blokowy, sieć działań aplikacji oraz struktura sieci wykorzystanej do testów aplikacji. Przeprowadzone testy zakończyły się sukcesem i aplikacja spełnia wszystkie założenia.

  • APPLICABILITY OF INLET AIR FOGGING TO MARINE GAS TURBINE
    • Zygfryd Domachowski
    • Marek Dzida
    2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    The dependency of marine gas turbine on the ambient temperature leads to a decrease of the gas turbine power output in arid areas. Very often gas turbine power output demand is high and the power margins originally designed into the driver , has been exhausted. In such circumstances the inlet air fogging is an effective compensation of gas turbine power. In this paper an analysis of inlet air fogging applicability to marine gas turbine has been conducted. Different areas of ship’s voyage have been taken into account. The use of inlet air fogging in marine gas turbine must be evaluated on the basis of turbine characteristics, climate profile of ship’s voyage, and expectations of gas turbine power augmentation. The authors expect that the considerations provide useful guidance for users of marine gas turbines to decide the feasibility of installing an inlet air fogging system.

  • Application and evaluation of M-EPDG for performance analysis of Polish typical flexible and rigid pavements
    • Dawid Ryś
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    • Mariusz Jaczewski
    • Marek Pszczoła
    2019 Full text Roads and Bridges - Drogi i Mosty

    The main goal of the paper is to implement and evaluate the M-EPDG and the software AASHTOware to analyse the performance of new flexible and rigid pavements designed according to the Polish catalogues, which are comparable with analogous catalogues used in other European countries. For this purpose the site-specific inputs for Poland were determined and described in the paper as well as compared to the default input data used in the USA. Performance parameters delivered from M-EPDG were compared to limits of pavement distresses given in the Polish Pavement Condition Diagnostics system and confirmed good or acceptable level of distresses at the end of design period. Analysis indicated that several climatic zones for Poland should be considered for performance analysis both of flexible and rigid structures. The presented analysis can be the first stage on the way towards calibration of the M-EPDG models for Polish conditions and their adjustment to planning of maintenance treatments.

  • Application of autoencoder to traffic noise analysis
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    • Adam Kurowski
    • Szymon Zaporowski
    2019 Full text Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

    The aim of an autoencoder neural network is to transform the input data into a lower-dimensional code and then to reconstruct the output from this code representation. Applications of autoencoders to classifying sound events in the road traffic have not been found in the literature. The presented research aims to determine whether such an unsupervised learning method may be used for deploying classification algorithms applied to the automatic annotation of road traffic-related events based on noise analysis. Two-dimensional representation of traffic sounds based on Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) was fed the autoencoder neural network, and after that classified with k-nearest neighbors algorithm, Support Vector Machines, and random forests. Obtained results show that sound recordings can help determine the number of vehicles passing on the road. However, instead of being treated as independent, this method output should be combined with another source of data, e.g., video processing results or microwave radar data readings. Comparative results of vehicle counting obtained with the use of autoencoder and different classifiers are shown in the paper. [The Polish National Centre finances the project for Research and Development (NCBR) from the European Regional Development Fund No. POIR.04.01.04-00-0089/16 entitled: "INZNAK: Intelligent Road Signs with V2X Interface for Adaptive Traffic Controlling."]

  • Application of Barycentric Coordinates in Space Vector PWM Computations
    • Paweł Szczepankowski
    • Janusz Nieznański
    2019 Full text IEEE Access

    This paper proposes the use of barycentric coordinates in the development and implementationof space-vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) methods, especially for inverters with deformed space-vector diagrams. The proposed approach is capable of explicit calculation of vector duty cycles, independentof whether they assume ideal positions or are displaced due to the DC-link voltage imbalance. The use ofbarycentric coordinates also permits a well-defined and universal approach to the problem of identifyingthe region in which the reference vector is located. It completely avoids the use of angles, trigonometricfunctions, and inverse trigonometric functions and is chiefly based on matrix operations which are well suitedfor digital signal processor implementation. The proposed approach is exposed and validated for the specialcase of three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter controlled by a discontinuous space-vector PWM.

  • Application of cyanated asphaltenes in gas-phase adsorption processes for removal of volatile organic compounds
    • Maksymilian Plata-Gryl
    • Malwina Momotko
    • Sławomir Makowiec
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2019 Full text CHEMICAL PAPERS

    The paper presents an innovative, chemically modified (methylcyanated) asphaltene-based adsorbent that can be an inter-esting low-cost alternative for traditional adsorbents. Adsorption properties of adsorbents were examined by inverse gas chromatography technique, adsorption isotherms, and breakthrough curves. A significant increase in retention volume for pyridine, 2-pentanone, nitropropane, toluene, and 1-butanol was observed. Rohrschneider–McReynolds constants revealed an increase in strength of interactions as a result of the modification, especially in strong proton–acceptor interaction (by a factor of 4.6). The surface-free energy of asphaltene adsorbents increased from 136.71 to 169.95 mJ m−2 after modifica-tion. It is similar to the surface-free energy of silica or alumina. Moreover, modified adsorbent shows very high adsorption potential for pyridine. Adsorption isotherms revealed that monolayer adsorption capacity for pyridine increased 1.5 times after modification. Breakthrough curves of pyridine indicate that chemical modification increased the adsorption capacity, removal efficiency, and throughput. Scale-up calculations revealed that adsorption column packed with modified asphaltene adsorbent would be almost two times smaller compared to a column packed with unmodified one.

  • Application of Game Theory to Conflict Management in a Construction Contract
    • Beata Grzyl
    • Magdalena Apollo
    • Adam Kristowski
    2019 Full text Sustainability

    Interest has recently grown in the application of game theory (GT) to solve a number of diverse problems in the field of construction. The use of GT by a general contractor (GC) of construction works to indicate the best strategy leading to winning court proceedings in a situation of conflict with investor (IN), has not been investigated until now. Thus the aim of this paper is to indicate the optimal strategy from the GC viewpoint in a conflict situation with the IN. The article presents a list of the most common causes of conflict between parties of a construction work contract, defines the background of the problem and the cause of the dispute, and subsequently the authors generate a theoretical model of the game. Based on the analyzed game model, the expected payoffs for players were calculated and the probability boundary value determined in making the GC apply the indicated strategy. The study results show that while the probability of issuing a judgment favorable for the GC is at least equal to 0.69 it is justified to use an aggressive strategy. The analysis also confirms that from the financial perspective, litigation in most cases of conflicts in the area of construction should be the ultimate choice.

  • Application of GC-MS/MS technique for the determination of benzodiazepines in blood samples
    • Laura Banaszkiewicz
    • Mateusz Woźniak
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    2019 Full text

    Abstract Benzodiazepines (BZD) are widely used as pharmaceuticals in medicine. However, due to psychostimulatory effect of BZD, in the last decade, they are more and more often used as drugs of abuse. These compounds produce similar effects to classical illicit drugs and are sold as “legal” alternatives to them as new psychoactive substances (NPS). Currently new BZD, named designer benzodiazepines (DBZD), are synthesized each year by a simple modification of registered drug structure or their metabolites. The misuse and abuse of benzodiazepines has become an increasing problem in many countries. Due to this phenomenon there is a strong need to develop new analytical methods for the determination of a whole range of substances in biological specimens for forensic toxicology. A rapid, sensitive and robust GC-MS/MS-based method with a simple liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of 10 benzodiazepines in whole blood samples was developed. The assay achieved satisfactory validation parameters, such as: inter-day accuracy (91.8–118.6 %), and precision (2.8–14.9%). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were in the range of 0.02-0.53ng/mL and 1-2 ng/mL, respectively. The developed procedure can be widely applicable for rapid screening of new drugs of abuse in forensic or clinical cases.

  • Application of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets to the assessment of technical university students
    • Tacjana Niksa-Rynkiewicz
    2019 Full text Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    The article proposes application of artificial intelligence methods to assess students of technical universities. The level of achieved educational goals can be assessed using measurements based on the idea of Fuzzy Intuitionistic Sets (IFS). A classification algorithm was developed and an exemplary distribution of the criteria values using IFS was presented. The application of the proposed approach in online education can enrich the student evaluation process with additional information related to the uncertainty or lack of data.

  • Application of ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for the determination of trace cyanide in biological samples, including breast milk
    • Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke
    • Krystyna Kozioł
    • Bogumiła Kiełbratowska
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2019 JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES

    Cyanide (CN) is the biomarker of exposure to the components of tobacco smoke, although its presence in biological samples is also due to the consumption of products containing cyanogenic glycosides. In this work, we determine the concentration of the free cyanide in urine, saliva and breast milk matrices, using ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (IC-PAD). IC-PAD is an emerging method, with only few documented applications in urine and saliva, and the presented determination in breast milk is its first published report for any method. The biological samples, which were obtained from women staying in a maternity ward, showed cyanide concentrations spanning 1.82–98.47 μg L-1. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, the IC-PAD system exhibited satisfactory repeatability (R <3%, n=3) and good linearity in the range of 1–100 μg L-1. Thus, it proved to be an effective tool for monitoring trace cyanide concentration in a series of human body fluid matrices, including breast milk. This last matrix is especially important due to the possible effect on infant health related to the mothers’ smoking habits.

  • Application of ionic liquids in microextraction techniques: Current trends and future perspectives
    • Renata Marcinkowska
    • Karolina Konieczna
    • Łukasz Marcinkowski
    • Jacek Namieśnik
    • Adam Kloskowski
    2019 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Ionic liquids (ILs) with their unique properties found so far numerous analytical applications. Among them ILs both in their liquid form and immobilized on the surface or within the pores of a solid support were successfully utilized in microextraction techniques. The scope of this review will cover a comprehensive summarizing of available literature data on selected properties of ILs playing a key role in analytical purposes, methods of their implementation in microextraction techniques as liquid or solid/stationary extraction media and finally, the most recent examples of application of ILs-based microextraction techniques in preconcentration of analytes from food, environmental and biological samples. The work will be concluded with directions for further investigation in this field.

  • Application of method of differential magnetometric system for detection of sunken objects
    • Mirosław Wołoszyn
    2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS

    This paper presents a magnetometric system with scalar sensors mounted on two independent platforms, which is used to detect sunken shipwrecks. Increasing the distance between the sensors allows for more precise measurement of the difference in the magnetic induction module than in the case of sensors mounted e.g. on the aeroplane’s wings. This type of system makes it possible to enlarge detection range of the sunken wrecks.

  • Application of micellar electrokinetic chromatography for detection of silver nanoparticles released from wound dressing
    • Marek Konop
    • Ewa Kłodzińska
    • Joanna Borowiec
    • Anna Laskowska
    • Joanna Czuwara
    • Piotr Konieczka
    • Bartłomiej Cieślik
    • Emilia Waraksa
    • Lidia Rudnicak
    2019 ELECTROPHORESIS

    The recent emergence of nanotechnology has provided a new therapeutic modality in case of silver nanoparticles. Dressings containing silver form the basis for the treatment of burns and wounds, either acute or chronic ones. The aim of the study was to examine silver release from the different wound dressings: commercially available (Atrauman Ag, Aqua- cel Ag) and experimental (FKDP-AgNPs) using MEKC. In order to characterize prepared keratin based wound dressing before and after its modification with AgNPs, a compo- sitional analysis was conducted using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Nanosilver toxicity was evaluated with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2- (4 sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium test. Silver release from wound dressings was assessed using MEKC. The best separation was observed for MEKC in 20 mM borate buffer at pH 9 with 20 mM SDS addition. In vitro studies showed silver at higher concentration than 10 ppm exerted a toxic effect on fibroblasts isolated from diabetic mice versus. NIH/3T3 and BJ cell lines (p 0.05). We observed silver was released more gradually from ex- perimental FKDP-AgNPs wound dressing, in compare to commercially available wound dressings. The fast and low-cost method utilizing MEKC can be used in clinical practice to detect silver release from the wound dressings

  • Application of multi-criteria method to assess the usefulness of a hydrotechnical object for floating housing
    • Emilia Miszewska
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2019 Full text IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

    This publication presents the analysis of three hydrotechnical objects located in the Municipality of Gdańsk with a view of mooring Floating Houses. The assessment of the adaptation of a hydrotechnical object has been carried out by a multi- criteria method AHP and using the main criteria such as: mooring system, communication with the mainland, availability of the utility networks, waste disposal and location of the parking spaces. The analysis allowed to conclude that there are no hydrotechnical objects in Gdańsk, which would be fully adapted to mooring of Floating Houses without additional infrastructure investments. The most adapted site out of the three ones considered in the Municipality of Gdańsk is location no. 1 – the Rybackie Pobrzeże.

  • Application of nanofluids in thermal technologies
    • Janusz Cieśliński
    2019

    Nanofluids it is a relatively new category of thermal fluids that can serve as coolants, both in single- and two phase systems. However application of nanofluids in industrial applications requires faultless their thermophysical properties. Existing models originally developed for liquid/solid particles mixtures (slurries) fail in case of nanofluids. Moreover correlations used to calcuate heat transfer coefficients of conventional fluids can not be used in case of nanofluids as well. Therefore comprehensive investigations of thermophysical properties of nanofluids as well as studies concerning heat transfer of nanofluids are still indispensable. In this paper reults of the simultaneous measurements of essential thermophysical properties like dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of water based nanofluids are presented. The results of the experimental investigations of the single phase forced convection inside horizontal tubes and pool boiling characteristics are presented as well. Finally the experimental results of the performance of the prototype two-phase thermosyphon heat exchanger (TPTHEx) and selected type of brazed plate heat exchanger (PHEx) operated with nanofluids are reported.

  • Application of RCD and AFDD in low-voltage electrical installations for protection against fire
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2019 Full text Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    The paper presents the principles of application of residual current devices (RCDs) in protection against fire. The permissible rated residual operating current of RCDs is discussed. Limitations in the operation of RCDs in this type of protection are indicated. A new type of a protective device against fire – arc fault detection device (AFDD) – is described.

  • Application of Reverse Engineering Technology in Part Design for Shipbuilding Industry
    • Mariusz Deja
    • Michał Dobrzyński
    • Marcin Rymkiewicz
    2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    In the shipbuilding industry, it is difficult to create CAD models of existing or prototype parts, especially with many freeform surfaces. The paper presents the creation of the CAD 3D model of a shipbuilding component with the application of the reverse engineering technology. Based on the data obtained from the digitization process, the component is reconstructed in point cloud processing programs and the CAD model is created. Finally, the accuracy of the digital model is estimated.

  • Application of the ‘CPT 2012’model of AFNOR standard for column design in Poland–Jazowa case study
    • Lech Bałachowski
    • Jakub Konkol
    • Kamila Międlarz
    2019 Full text

    his paper presents the ‘CPT 2012’ model incorporated into the AFNOR NF P94-262:2012-07, French standard for pile design fully compatible with Eurocode 7, to the wider Polish audience. The bearing capacity of three reference columns for Vistula Marshlands have been calculated according to ‘CPT 2012’ model and AFNOR recommendations. Then, the design resistances have been compared with ultimate column bearing capacity measured during static load tests conducted on reference columns. The results of comparison are discussed and the discrepancies between measured and calculated bearing capacities are shortly commented.

  • Application of the IMO standard manoeuvres procedure for pod-driven ships
    • Maciej Reichel
    2019 JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    International Maritime Organisation (IMO) in the resolution MSC.137(76) Standards for Ship manoeuvrability presents the manoeuvring criteria that has to be satisfied by majority of seagoing ships. Together with the criteria, procedures for carrying out the manoeuvring tests are also presented. They however do not correspond directly to ships with non-conventional steering-propulsion devices, like pod drives. IMO is aware of this shortcoming and permits the use of comparative steering angles to the rudder angles specified by the resolution. To address this problem, a set of model tests has been carried out. Experiments with free-sailing manned model of a pod-driven gas carrier have been carried out to check the satisfaction of IMO criteria with systematically varying pod deflection angles. Results of the research show, that for tested pod-driven gas carrier, IMO manoeuvring criteria on turning circle are satisfied for much smaller deflection angles than recommended by IMO. Therefore a conclusion is made, that although the IMO manoeuvring criteria are valid for pod-driven ships and can be applied directly, the procedure for carrying out especially turning circle tests might be for pod-driven ships reconsidered.

  • Application of the Optimization Methods to the Search of Marine Propulsion Shafting Global Equilibrium in Running Condition
    • Aleksandr Ursolov
    • Yuriy Batrak
    • Wiesław Tarełko
    2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    Full film hydrodynamic lubrication of marine propulsion shafting journal bearings in running condition is discussed. Considerable computational difficulties in non-linear determining the quasi-static equilibrium of the shafting are highlighted. The approach using two optimization methods (the particle swarm method and the interior point method) in combination with the specially developed relaxation technique is proposed to overcome this problem. The developed algorithm allows calculating marine propulsion shafting bending taking into account lubrication in all journal bearings and exact form of journal inside bearings, compared to most of the publications that consider lubrication only in the aftmost stern tube bearing and suppose rest of bearings as pointwise. The calculation results of typical shafting design with four bearings are provided. The significance of taking into account lubrication in all bearings is shown, specifically more exact values of bearings’ reactions, shafting deflections, minimum film thickness and maximum hydrodynamic pressure in the stern tube bearing in case of considering lubrication in all bearings.

  • Application of the X-ray micro computed tomography to the analysis of the structure of polymeric materials
    • Piotr Szewczykowski
    • Łukasz Skarżyński
    2019 Full text Polimery

    In this paper the application of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a non-destructive testing method of polymeric materials is presented. Increasing applicability of polymers in va­riedend-use industries such as automotive, building and construction, consumer goods, and packaging is propelling the growth of the global polymer processing market. However, controlling of the polymer structure is one of the most important aspects since it affects mechanical properties of the components. The paper contains examples of two- and three-dimensional analysis of selected polymeric materials using of X-ray micro-computed tomography. Due to the complex structure of polymers, their shape and pores that are embedded inside the material and are not connected to the surface, the X-ray micro-computed tomography is an ideal solution for the analysis of the microstructure of polymeric materials to improve the process of their production in order to obtain components with the best possible properties.

  • Application of Thermo-chemical Technologies for Conversion of Associated Gas in Diesel-Gas Turbine Installations for Oil and Gas Floating Units
    • Oleksandr Cherednichenko
    • Serhiy Serbin
    • Marek Dzida
    2019 Full text Polish Maritime Research

    The paper considers the issue of thermo-chemical recovery of engine’s waste heat and its further use for steam conversion of the associated gas for oil and gas floating units. The characteristics of the associated gas are presented, and problems of its application in dual-fuel medium-speed internal combustion engines are discussed. Various variants of combined diesel-gas turbine power plant with thermo-chemical heat recovery are analyzed. The heat of the gas turbine engine exhaust gas is utilized in a thermo-chemical reactor and a steam generator. The engines operate on synthesis gas, which is obtained as a result of steam conversion of the associated gas. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the developed schemes are proposed. The results of mathematical modeling of processes in a 14.1 MW diesel-gas turbine power plant with waste heat recovery are presented. The effect of the steam/associated gas ratio on the efficiency criteria is analyzed. The obtained results indicate relatively high effectiveness of the scheme with separate high and low pressure thermo-chemical reactors for producing fuel gas for both gas turbine and internal combustion engines. The calculated efficiency of such a power plant for considered input parameters is 45.6%.

  • Application of two-dimensional intensity maps in high-accuracy polarimetry
    • Mykola Shopa
    • Nazar Ftomyn
    2019 Full text JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION

    We propose the analysis of 2D intensity contour maps which is based on the optical transmission function for the polarizer-specimen-analyzer system. A small modification of the high-accuracy universal polarimeter (HAUP) technique was used to measure the intensity maps (HAUP maps) and determine the phase retardation, linear dichroism (LD) parameters, and multiple light reflection contribution in uniaxial crystals. We have performed measurements in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis on pure birefringent LiNbO3, birefringent optically active SiO2, and two birefringent optically active dichroic galogermanate crystals doped with Mn3+ and Cr3+ ions. We have obtained good agreement of the experimental data for 532, 633, and 650 nm wavelengths with analytical values. These results extend the capabilities of high-accuracy polarimetry to anisotropic crystal studies.

  • Application potential of dummy molecularly imprinted polymers as solidphase extraction sorbents for determination of low-mass polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil and sediment samples
    • Mariusz Marć
    • Piotr Paweł Wieczorek
    2019 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    Despite the introduction of restrictive regulations in the USA and the European Union, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are still found in various types of environmental and biological samples at significant concentration levels. The presence of these persistent organic pollutants in the environment raises important issues because of their negative impact on immunological and neurological systems, and on the hormonal balances in living organisms. From the analytical point of view, the final determination of PBDEs would entail substantial challenges, because it would necessitate conducting the pre-concentration of analytes, or sample clean up. The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the analytical application potential of developed dummy molecularly imprinted polymers as solid-phase extraction sorbents for the selective recognition of low-mass PBDEs. The 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether was employed as a dummy template of low-mass PBDEs. The developed types of the sorption materials were used in the sample preparation stage of the analytical procedure to determine the PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 levels in selected representatives of environmental samples—reference materials of soil and bottom sediments. The recovery values of PBDE-47 and PBDE-99 from the studied solid samples ranged from 60% to 87%, depending on the applied DMIPs type.

  • Applications of Raman spectroscopy for detection of selected substances in tissues
    • Maciej Wróbel
    2019

    This dissertation explores the applications of Raman spectroscopy for biological tissue analysis. Basics of Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are described, along with an analysis of the literature on biodetection and non-invasive blood analysis with emphasis on glucose detection. Instrumentation for Raman measurements is described. The sources of noise and interferences occurring in biological tissue measurements are presented. The experimental work was focused on two distinct goals: a rapid detection of drugs in whole human blood with SERS; and reduction of the individual variability in non-invasive Raman measurements. A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in NIR is utilized for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of drugs in blood. Optimization of this technique may become clinically viable for a rapid detection of drugs in blood samples. The challenge of non-invasive detection of molecules in blood through skin, without perforation, is the natural variability of skin optical properties and chemical composition. The proposed solution to this problem is to reduce the influence of the signal from tissue and distinguish the signal from the blood components by exploiting periodic changes of the blood content, causes by the blood pulse, while the tissues remain the same. A signal processing approach was developed where the natural blood pulse is identified from the series of Raman spectra, and used in a synchronous detection. The result of the algorithm is a Raman spectrum correlated with the Raman scattering on blood, while the uncorrelated signal from static tissues is diminished. The experimental proof for the two goals is presented and discussed. A series of appended publications form the basis of the dissertation.

  • Applying of Doped Graphene Oxide Coatings for Corrosion Prevention
    • Ollik Karolina
    • Karczewski Jakub
    • Marek Lieder
    2019

    INTRODUCTION Graphene is a carbonaceous material characterized by extraordinary properties (high electron mobility, high surface area, high mechanical strength of 1100 GPa, very dense network hindering the passage of even the smallest helium atoms) [1]. Therefore, it found many applications, also as an anti-corrosive layer [2]. Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) is one of the methods to deposit coatings. However, due to slight solubility graphene in solvent, deposition by this technique is difficult. Because of presence of oxygen functional groups, graphene oxide is alternative material. Electrophoretically deposited graphene oxide coatings protect substrate from corrosion effectively [3], but parameters of EPD affect significantly on the quality of coatings [4]. Additionally, presence of oxygen functional groups enhances wettability, and thus accelerates corrosion [5]. One of the methods of corrosion prevention is applying of corrosion inhibitors. Their protective properties are associated with among others presence of heteroatoms in the structure [6], Therefore, introduction of nitrogen into graphene oxide structure could be improve its anti-corrosive properties. To the best of our knowledge, using electrophoretically deposited nitrogen-doped graphene oxide coating as anti-corrosive coating has not been reported yet. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Hydrothermal introduction of nitrogen in the graphene oxide structure reduced of oxygen content in sample. This is also the result of reaction between carboxyl groups and ammonia solution. This behavior resulted in a reduced in hydrophilocity. Additionally coatings not shown any imperfections. Such features can have a beneficial effect on anti-corrosive properties. A slight improvement of corrosion resistance of coating indicate, that electrophoretically deposited coatings may be prevent corrosion. CONCLUSION Doping of graphene oxide was synthesized successfully by the hydrothermal method. This was proven by the appearance of new peaks associated with nitrogen functional groups on the FTIR spectrum for NGO samples. XPS measurement confirmed reduction of oxygen content, at the same time causing inconsiderable growth of contact angle. N10GO coating showed corrosion resistance and protect copper substrate in chloride environment.

  • Apprendere camminando.Il metodo della Jane’s Walk per riscoprire San Lorenzo
    • Justyna Borucka
    • Claudia Mattogno
    2019

    Tratta dal libro rivoluzionario che Jane Jacobs, attivista americana, ha scritto negli anni Sessanta e che ben presto è diventato un importante riferimento per la partecipazione dei cittadini nella progettazione urbana, questa citazione ben esprime l’approccio attraverso il quale ci siamo avvicinate alla riscoperta di San Lorenzo. Quartiere della città storica molto conosciuto, San Lorenzo si è rivelato in grado di disvelare paesaggi inattesi e sorprendenti, se si ha voglia di andare oltre gli attuali luoghi comuni, con iquali si descrive spesso troppo schematicamente il quartiere. Il metodo di lavoro appreso da Jane Jacobs ha fatto emergere passione e impegno locale, necessità di salvaguardare diritti di cittadinanza e senso di appartenenza, desiderio di approfondire le relazioni tra individui e spazio fisico attraverso la pratica semplice dell’andare a piedi.

  • Architects and urban planners in the face of energy transition - smart cities energy aspects in shaping building structures and cities
    • Julia Kurek
    • Justyna Martyniuk-Pęczek
    2019

    Contemporary architects and urban planners are facing steadily increasing challenges. The growing problems around environmental issues, shrinking natural resources and climate action are just some of them. Currently, planning should also include balancing with all the aspects of sustainable development such as not only the environmental issues, but also social and economic ones. How to meet them in the era of energy transition and the transfer of physical reality to virtual one? Some of the European Union countries began to successively implement solutions related to the optimization and collection of data on energy consumption, in the form of smart meters, the first step to create smart houses and smart cities. The question is whether planners are ready for this shift. In this situation, two divergent worldviews are confronted: contemporary architects and planners versus industry engineers and programmers responsible for the technological implementation of energy- -independent buildings and cities. The first group mostly concerns balanced and harmonious principles of shaping space in the pursuit of satisfying functional, aesthetic, socio-economic and environmental aspects. The approach of second group is based solely on parameters, calculations, energy characteristics and hard indisputable data, which is represented by industry engineers. This raises the risk of utopian attempts to develop a fixed idea, which could be applied everywhere in energy and planning matters - very tempting for industry engineers and at the same time extremely dangerous for shaping the space we live in. Energy efficiency and independency is namely not shaped by independent buildings and objects. When talking about spatial energy efficiency, often underestimated, comprehensive urban aspects related to mobility, location and several other factors should be considered. Therefore, the cooperation of architects, urban planners with industry engineers dealing with energy issues is indispensable to create a comprehensive spatial energy efficiency, not limited only to solids of individual objects.

  • Architectural education and digital tools: the challenges and opportunities
    • Karolina Życzkowska
    • Katarzyna Urbanowicz
    2019 Full text World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    Enriching architectural education with digital tools is the subject of this article. Such tools can create, support and visualise architecture. The focus in this article is on an interdisciplinary approach to media architecture (allowing variable visual content of architectural objects) and interactivity (user-space communication), revealing new possibilities in terms of human perception. The results of a survey on media architecture among 110 students are also presented. Described in the article are two courses related to new technologies that are conducted in the Faculty of Architecture at Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), Gdańsk, Poland, including co-operation with the Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics. Presented also are the challenges of the visualisation of studentdesigned structures (example: the Coal Market), comparing traditional tools with innovative 1:1 visualisation methods in the Immersive 3D Visualisation Laboratory at GUT, and stressing the potential of this environment for new ways of media and interactive solution visualisation.

  • Architekci Malują 2019 - plenery w Krzesznej i Orłowie.
    • Jacek Krenz
    2019

    9 akwarel z pleneru w Krzesznej i w Orłowie -. Udział w wystawie zbiorowej grupy SARP oddział Wybrzeże Architekci malują

  • Architekci Malują Gdynię.
    • Jacek Krenz
    2019

    Katalog wystawy poplenerowej architektów zrzeszonych w grupie SARP Oddział Wybrzeże, Architekci Malują. Krenz J.: Cykl 5 akwarel.

  • Architekci malują Kaszuby
    • Jacek Krenz
    2019

    W lipcu Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Sopotu zaprasza na wystawę prezentującą pejzaże kaszubskie. Będzie to kolejna odsłona projektu ARCHITEKCI MALUJĄ zapoczątkowanego w 2016 roku. Obrazy i rysunki eksponowane w dworkowej Galerii powstały w ramach Arch Art 2019 podczas pleneru w urokliwej wsi Krzeszna w gminie Stężyca. Czerwcowe krajobrazy okazały się wyjątkowo sprzyjające wielu ciekawym artystycznym obserwacjom. Autorami prezentowanych prac są w kolejności alfabetycznej: Magdalena E. Corvin-Spolitakiewicz, Anna Fikus-Wójcik, Olena Karavaeva, Monika Knoblauch-Kwapińska, Irma Kowalke, Jacek Krenz, Grażyna Księżopolska-Sobczak, Aleksandra Marcinek, Wojciech Nowacki, Katarzyna Rajca, Agnieszka Rózga-Micewicz, Piotr Rzeszot, Beata Steffens, Nicolas Szopiński, Elżbieta Waśniewska.

  • Architekci malują, plener i nie tylko
    • Jacek Krenz
    2019

    J. Krenz, autorski cykl 4 akwarel: Abstraktyzacja krajobrazu

  • Architektura jako nauka:eksperyment - teoria - historia
    • Maria Sołtysik
    2019

    Autorka prezentuje architekturę jako dyscyplinę naukową. Ukazuje trzy obszary badawcze architektury: eksperyment, teorię i historię. Przedstawia elementy projektowanie architektonicznego jako pewien typ eksperymentu naukowego. Ukazuje również rolę teorii architektury i historii architektury w problematyce badawczej tej dyscypliny. Przedstawia całe zagadnienie w szerokim kontekście kulturowym - od czasów antycznych po współczesne - analizując i przywołując prace najsłynniejszych architektów, historyków i teoretyków architektury.

  • Architektura na terenach byłych nazistowskich obozów koncentracyjnych. Funkcjonalna zmienność upamiętniania
    • Agnieszka Gębczyńska-Janowicz
    2019

    Monografia poświęcona jest procesowi kreowania struktur architektonicznych powstających na terenach po dawnych obozach koncentracyjnych utworzonych przez Główny Urząd Gospodarki i Administracji SS. Przeprowadzone prace badawcze są kontynuacją badań naukowych podjętych w latach 2006-2010, których podsumowaniem stała się monografia "Polskie założenia pomnikowe. Rola architektury w tworzeniu miejsc pamięci od połowy XX wieku" Architektura w niniejszych badaniach jest ujmowana jako szeroko rozumiane zaangażowanie w przeorganizowanie przestrzeni w celu stworzenia miejsca jako nośnika pamięci o ważnej dla ogółu przeszłości. Jest sztuką kształtowania przestrzeni, a jej przedmiotem są nie tylko pojedyncze obiekty budowlane, ale na procesie organizowania fizycznie zdefiniowanego obiektu. Realizacje architektoniczne mogą funkcjonować jako nośnik pamięci , stanowiąc przede wszystkim świadectwo realności upamiętnianych wydarzeń.

  • Architektura zespołu Politechniki Gdańskiej 1904-2018
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2019

    Budynki i układ przestrzenny zespołu Politechniki Gdańskiej są doskonałym dokumentem są przemian architektury w XX wieku. Niezależnie od będącej przedmiotem dyskusji ciągłości lub nieciągłości dziejów uczelni jako instytucji prowadzącej badania naukowe i kształcącej studentów, jej architektura stanowi jednolitą całość. Położony u wylotu malowniczej doliny okolonej zielonymi wzgórzami zespół tworzą obiekty reprezentujące najważniejsze stylistyki architektoniczne ubiegłego stulecia. W 1979 r. poszczególne budynki zespołu Politechniki powstałe na początku XX wieku i jego historyczny układ jako całość zostały wpisane do wojewódzkiego rejestru zabytków. Dziś wydaje się to bezdyskusyjna, ale pod koniec lat 70. XX wieku wartość historyczna i estetyczna obiektów z epoki historyzmu, nie była oczywista. Obecnie toczą się dyskusje na temat wartości architektury z czasów PRL. Książka jest głosem w tej dyskusji.

  • Are the short cationic lipopeptides bacterial membrane disruptors? Structure-Activity Relationship and molecular dynamic evaluation
    • Katarzyna Greber
    • Joanna Zielińska
    • Łukasz Nierzwicki
    • Krzesimir Ciura
    • Piotr Kawczak
    • Joanna Nowakowska
    • Tomasz Bączek
    • Wiesław Sawicki
    2019 Full text BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES

    Short cationic lipopeptides are amphiphilic molecules that exhibit antimicrobial activity mainly against Grampositives. These compounds bind to bacterial membranes and disrupt their integrity. Here we examine the structure-activity relation (SAR) of lysine-based lipopeptides, with a prospect to rationally design more active compounds. The presented study aims to explain how antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides is affected by the charge of lipopeptide headgroup and the length of lipopeptide acyl chain. The obtained SAR models suggest that the lipophilicity of short synthetic cationic lipopeptides is the major factor that determines their antimicrobial activities. In order to link the differences in antimicrobial activity to the mechanism of action of lipopeptides containing one and two hydrophobic chains, we additionally performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. By using combined coarse-grained and all-atom simulations we also show that these compounds neither affect the organization of the membrane lipids nor aggregate to form separate phases. These results, along with the onset of antimicrobial activity of lipopeptides well below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), indicate that lipopeptides do not act in a simple detergent-like manner.

  • Artificial intelligence for software development — the present and the challenges for the future
    • Łukasz Korzeniowski
    • Krzysztof Goczyła
    2019 Full text Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

    Since the time when first CASE (Computer-Aided Software Engineering) methods and tools were developed, little has been done in the area of automated creation of code. CASE tools support a software engineer in creation the system structure, in defining interfaces and relationships between software modules and, after the code has been written, in performing testing tasks on different levels of detail. Writing code is still the task of a skilled human, which makes the whole software development a costly and error-prone process. It seems that recent advances in AI area, particularly in deep learning methods, may considerably improve the matters. The paper presents an extensive survey of recent work and achievements in this area reported in the literature, both from the theoretical branch of research and from engineer-oriented approaches. Then, some challenges for the future work are proposed, classified into Full AI, Assisted AI and Supplementary AI research fields.

  • Artificial-Hand Technology—Current State of Knowledge in Designing and Forecasting Changes
    • Jacek Szkopek
    • Grzegorz Redlarski
    2019 Full text Applied Sciences-Basel

    The subject of human-hand versatility has been intensively investigated for many years. Emerging robotic constructions change continuously in order to mimic natural mechanisms as accurately as possible. Such an attitude is motivated by the demand for humanoid robots with sophisticated end effectors and highly biomimic prostheses. This paper provides wide analysis of more than 80 devices that have been created over the last 40 years. It compares both the mechanical structure and various actuators from conventional DC motors and servomechanisms, through pneumatic muscles, to soft actuators and artificial muscles. Described measured factors include angles, forces, torques, tensions, and tactiles. Furthermore, the appropriate statistics of kinematic configuration, as well as the type or number of drive units and sensory systems, show not only recent problems, but also trends that will be followed in the future.

  • Asphalt concrete subjected to long-time loading at low temperatures – Deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle
    • Mariusz Jaczewski
    • Józef Judycki
    • Piotr Jaskuła
    2019 Full text CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS

    The article presents the observed deviations from the time-temperature superposition principle of asphalt concretes, tested in the bending beam creep test at low temperatures for a long time of loading. In almost all tested asphalt concretes, deviations appeared after 500 s of loading at the temperature of -10 C. Some types of bitumen presented deviations at other temperatures – usually the harder the grade of the bitumen, the higher was the temperature of appearance of deviation. The article investigates also the impact of the following factors on the described deviations: type of bitumen, assumed time of loading and level of loading.