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Gdańsk University of Technology

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  • Simple Measurement Method for Resistive Sensors Based on ADCs of Microcontrollers
    • Zbigniew Czaja
    2024 IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL

    A new, complete measurement method for resistance measurement of resistive sensors for systems based on microcontrollers equipped with analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is proposed. The interface circuit consists of only four resistors, including a resistive sensor and a reference resistor, connected directly to the microcontroller pins. It is activated only during measurements, which significantly reduces power consumption. The measurement procedure consists of measuring three voltages via the ADC. Thanks to this, the measurement results of the resistance are independent of the supply and reference voltages, the ON-resistance of the microcontroller pin, and also the offset and gain errors of the ADC. The method is illustrated in the example of a system consisting of an Arduino Micro and a Pt1000. Experimental studies have shown that the relative systematic measurement error of the sensor resistance is less than 0.29%, and the relative random error is less than 0.56%. They result solely from the quantization error of the 10-bit ADC. An oversampling method has also been proposed. With 64 times oversampling, the above errors were reduced to 0.27% and 0.11%, respectively.

  • Simple smartphone-based methods for the determination of bioactive compounds in wine
    • Kaja Kalinowska
    • Muhammad Saad Hussain
    • Gerjen Herman Tinnevelt
    • Marek Tobiszewski
    2024 FOOD CHEMISTRY

    A set of simple smartphone-based methods of bioactive compounds determination were developed for wine analysis. Procedures for smartphone-based determination of the total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins and biogenic amines, as well as measurement of antioxidant activity were developed and fully validated. The experimental setup is based on smartphone and 3D-printed device, though it is very simple and can be conveniently applied in lab and in field. The proposed solutions have satisfactory figures of merit with R2 in the range of 0.9860–0.9981 for linear range. The recoveries were in range 98.6–102%, RSDs up to 4.2% and LODs below 2.3 mg/L. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed procedures, wine samples were analysed using spectrophotometry and newly developed methods. The results of application of smartphone and spectrophotometer are comparable, in terms of validation parameters and measured concentrations in real samples.

  • Simulation Model for Application of the SDN Concept in IMS/NGN Network Transport Stratum
    • Sylwester Kaczmarek
    • Maciej Sac
    • Jakub Adrych
    2024

    The paper presents a simulation model allowing examination of cooperation between two currently used telecommunication networks concepts: IP Multimedia Subsystem/Next Generation Network (IMS/NGN) and Software-Defined Networking (SDN). Application of the SDN architecture elements in IMS/NGN networks will enable unified control and management of transport resources for various transport technologies and equipment manufacturers. However, such a cooperation is a new concept requiring verification, which is the aim of this paper. The structure of the modeled multidomain network and details about the simulator operation are described. Tests proving correctness of its operation are carried out. Selected research results regarding mean Call Set-up Delay and mean Call Disengagement Delay in the considered network are presented demonstrating that the cooperation between IMS/NGN and SDN is possible.

  • Simulations of the Behavior of Granular Bodies Using the Discrete Element Approach
    • Jan Kozicki
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2024

    Zachowanie niespójnych ciał ziarnistych opisano metodą elementów dyskretnych (DEM) w warunkach quasi-statycznych dwu- i trójwymiarowych. Do symulacji nieregularnego kształtu granulatu wykorzystano kule z momentami kontaktowymi lub skupiska sztywnych kul. Początkowo badano dwa różne problemy dla zagęszczonego materiału ziarnistego: pasywne przemieszczanie ściany oporowej i ściskanie w płaskim stanie odkształceń pod stałym ciśnieniem bocznym. Skupiono się na lokalizacji ścinania, która jest podstawowym zjawiskiem w ciałach ziarnistych. Lokalizację ścinania zidentyfikowano w DEM na podstawie rotacji ziaren i rosnącego współczynnika pustych przestrzeni. Aby uzyskać lepszy wgląd w początek powstawania lokalizacji ścinania, wyznaczono struktury wirowe za pomocą rozkładu Helmholtza-Hodge'a (HHD) pola wektorowego przemieszczeń uzyskanego za pomocą DEM. Rozkład pola wektorowego przemieszczeń pozwolił na wydzielenie trzech jednoznacznie zdefiniowanych części składowych: wolnej od wirów (związanej ze zmianą objętości), wolnej od dywergencji (związanej z wirami i czystym ścinaniem) i harmonicznej (związanej z czystą translacją). Stwierdzono bezpośrednią korelację pomiędzy lokalizacjami ścinania a strukturami wirowymi. Wiry lokalizowały się wcześniej w miejscach, w których ostatecznie rozwinęły się strefy ścinania.

  • Single-Phase 15-Level Switched-Capacitor Boost Multilevel Inverter Topology for Renewable Energy Applications
    • Ahmed Awadelseed
    • Arkadiusz Lewicki
    • Atif Iqbal
    2024 IEEE Access

    Galvanic isolation is a vital part of a grid-connected solar PV system. With the growth of multilevel inverters for grid-connected applications, the multilevel inverters having isolation are not sufficiently discussed in the literature. In this paper, a 15-level isolated multilevel inverter topology requiring only thirteen switches is proposed. The envisaged configuration includes two cells, designated as upper and lower cells. The upper cell includes a standard H-bridge, and the lower cell is a switched capacitor-based 5level inverter. The outputs of the lower and upper cells are supplied to the load through single-phase isolation transformers. The proposed single-phase isolated inverter requires reduced switches to generate 15-level AC output voltage with a voltage gain of 7. In comparison to the MLIs mentioned in the literature, the switches connected in the proposed inverter experienced less voltage stress. The proposed inverter construction is contrasted with state-of-the-art MLIs described in the literature. PLECS software is used to simulate the inverter under various working environments, the proposed MLI able to maintain capacitor voltage balance and generate good power quality even at low values of modulation index. The experimental results achieved on a low-power laboratory prototype are utilized to validate the proposed inverter’s performance. The claimed efficiency of the inverter calculated using simulation results is found to be 97.1%. However, the efficiency calculated using experimental results is 96.4% at 700W.

  • Singlet oxygen-dominated peroxymonosulfate activation by layered crednerite for organic pollutants degradation in high salinity wastewater
    • Chengji Sui
    • Zixuan Nie
    • Huan Liu
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Weizhen Liu
    • Lingshuai Kong
    • Jinhua Zhan
    2024 JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-CHINA

    Advanced oxidation processes have been widely studied for organic pollutants treatment in water, but the degradation performance of radical-dominated pathway was severely inhibited by the side reactions between the anions and radicals, especially in high salinity conditions. Here, a singlet oxygen (1O2)-dominated non-radical process was developed for organic pollutants degradation in high salinity wastewater, with layered crednerite (CuMnO2) as catalysts and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as oxidant. Based on the experiments and density functional theory calculations, 1O2 was the dominating reactive species and the constructed Cu-O-Mn with electron-deficient Mn captured electron from PMS promoting the generation of 1O2. The rapid degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was achieved by CuMnO2/PMS system, which was 5-fold and 21-fold higher than that in Mn2O3/PMS system and Cu2O/PMS system. The CuMnO2/PMS system shown prominent BPA removal performance under high salinity conditions, prominent PMS utilization efficiency, outstanding total organic carbon removal rate, wide range of applicable pH and good stability. This work unveiled that the 1O2-dominated non-radical process of CuMnO2/PMS system overcame the inhibitory effect of anions in high salinity conditions, which provided a promising technique to remove organic pollutants from high saline wastewater.

  • Sintering Parameter Investigation for Bimetallic Stainless Steel 316L/Inconel 718 Composite Printed by Dual-Nozzle Fused Deposition Modeling
    • Cho-pei Jiang
    • Masrurotin Masrurotin
    • Maziar Ramezani
    • Alvian Toto Wibisono
    • Ehsan Toyserkani
    • Wojciech Macek
    2024 Full text RAPID PROTOTYPING JOURNAL

    Fused deposition modeling (FDM) nowadays offers promising future applications for fabricating not only thermoplastic-based polymers but also composite PLA/Metal alloy materials, this capability bridges the need for metallic components in complex manufacturing processes. The research is to explore the manufacturability of multi-metal parts by printing green bodies of PLA/multi-metal objects, carrying these objects to the debinding process, and varying the sintering parameters. Three different sample types of SS316L part, Inconel 718 part, and bimetallic composite of SS316L/IN718 were effectively printed. After the debinding process, the printed parts (green bodies), were isothermally sintered in non-vacuum chamber to investigate the fusion behavior at four different temperatures in the range of 1270°C -1530°C for 12 hours and slowly cooled in the furnace. All samples was assessed including geometrical assessment to measure the shrinkage, characterization (XRD) to identify the crystallinity of the compound, and microstructural evolution (Optical microscopy and SEM) to explore the porosity and morphology on the surface. The hardness of each sample types was measured and compared. The sintering parameter was optimized according to the microstructural evaluation on the interface of SS316L/IN718 composite. The investigation indicated that the de-binding of all the samples was effectively succeeded through less weight until 16% when the PLA of green bodies was successfully evaporated. The morphology result shows evidence of an effective sintering process to have the grain boundaries in all samples, while multi-metal parts clearly displayed the interface. Furthermore, the result of XRD shows the tendency of lower crystallinity in SS316L parts, whilst IN718 has a high crystallinity. The optimal sintering temperature for SS316L/IN718 parts is 1500 ⁰C. The hardness test concludes that the higher sintering temperature gives a higher hardness result. This study highlights the successful sintering of a bimetallic stainless steel 316L/Inconel 718 composite, fabricated via dual-nozzle fused deposition modeling, in a non-vacuum environment at 1500°C. The resulting material displayed maximum hardness values of 872 HV for SS316L and 755.5 HV for IN718, with both materials exhibiting excellent fusion without any cracks.

  • Sleep alterations in treatment-resistant depression patients undergoing ketamine treatment
    • Aleksander Kwaśny
    • Wiesław Jerzy Cubała
    • Adam Włodarczyk
    • Krzysztof Pastuszak
    2024 Pharmacological Reports

    Background This study examines self-reported sleep alterations in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) inpatients following intravenous ketamine administration. Methods This is a post-hoc analysis of a naturalistic observational study, which enrolled 28 inpatients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder and analyzed self-reported sleep changes (items 1–4; ‘insomnia’, ‘nighttime restlessness’, ‘early morning waking’, ‘hypersomnia’) in Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology 30-item (IDS SR-30) in responders and non-responders stratified per Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) during short-term ketamine treatment. Results Responders, as well as non-responders, did not experience significant changes in IDS SR-30 sleep items (‘insomnia’, ‘nighttime restlessness’, ‘early morning waking’, ‘hypersomnia’) (p’s > 0.05) at 7-day follow-up after eight intravenous ketamine infusions as compared to baseline. Conclusion Neither responders, nor non-responders reported any significant alterations in sleep patterns during ketamine infusions. These findings are not in line with current literature, as so far modest improvements in sleep during ketamine treatment have been reported. Results should be interpreted with caution, primarily due to the small sample size.

  • Smart Karyotyping Image Selection Based on Commonsense Knowledge Reasoning
    • Yufeng Xu
    • Lei Shi
    • Juan Wang
    • Haoxi Zhang
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2024 Full text CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS

    Karyotyping requires chromosome instances to be segmented and classified from the metaphase images. One of the difficulties in chromosome segmentation is that the chromosomes are randomly positioned in the image, and there is a great chance for chromosomes to be touched or overlap with others. It is always much easier for operators and automatic programs to tackle images without overlapping chromosomes than ones with largely overlapped chromosomes. In order to reduce the processing difficulty, adding a smart image selection procedure ahead of segmentation is practical and necessary. In this paper, we introduce the Smart Karyotyping Image Selection (SKIS) based on Commonsense Knowledge Reasoning. The initial experiment demonstrates that the proposed approach can select the expected images based on reasoning and benefit following karyotyping processes.

  • Smartphone-Assisted and Optical Quantification of Copper and Glucose Using Palm Wine-Tailored Carbon Dots and Their Multiple Logic Gate Application
    • Anisha Mandal
    • Subrahmanyam Sappati
    • Ankita Karmakar
    • Supratim Pradhan
    • Iwona Gabriel
    • Swambabu Varanasi
    2024 ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

    In this work, potassium, sulfur, nitrogen, and chlorine self-doped carbon dots (CDs) were hydrothermally synthesized using palm wine as a carbon source. The palm wine-derived CDs (PW-CDs) are amorphous in nature and displayed an average particle size of 4.19 ± 0.89 nm. The as-synthesized CDs are used to fabricate a photoluminescent sensing probe to simultaneously detect Cu2+ and glucose via the “Turn ON−OFF−ON” mechanism. The PL quenching mechanism of PW-CDs enables the selective and sensitive detection of Cu2+ ions with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.8 ppb (4.7 nM). The sensing probe quantified Cu2+ in tap water, drinking water, and e-waste samples to prove its viability. Using CDs to quantify copper in e-waste leachate samples is a novel approach as no prior instances of such application have been reported. The system’s performance is considered to be highly reproducible due to the relative standard deviation being <6.64%, along with excellent recoveries within the range of 3.24−109.86%. The quenched PL can be recovered by introducing glucose into the PW-CD + Cu2+ system; this strategy is employed to quantify glucose with a LOD of 0.11 ppm (0.61 μM). The feasibility of this sensor was confirmed by the determination of glucose in actual human plasma specimens of diabetic patients. It is to be noted that these samples were neither diluted nor spiked with glucose. The developed PW-CD + Cu2+ sensing system yields satisfactory recoveries of 93.45−107.37%. This probe was also incorporated into a smartphone-based sensing platform to detect Cu2+ and glucose with desirable recoveries. The proposed smartphone-based sensing platform is flexible, reliable, and accurate, making it suitable for resource-constrained areas. Furthermore, based on the effect of Cu2+ ions and glucose on the PL response and absorbance spectra of PW-CDs, four logic gates (YES, IMPLICATION, NOT, and OR) were designed, and PW-CDs were also used for cell imaging applications.

  • Smartphone-based digital image colorimetry for the determination of total capsaicinoid content in chili pepper extracts
    • Khrystyna Vakh
    • Zarina Mallabaeva
    • Marek Tobiszewski
    2024 SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

    A simple smartphone-based digital image colorimetry was proposed for the determination of total capsaicinoid content and the assessment of chili pepper pungency. The biobased solvent D-limonene was used for the first time to isolate analytes. Capsaicinoids were efficiently separated from chili pepper by solid-liquid extraction with D-limonene followed by partitioning of the analytes into the ammonium hydroxide solution to eliminate the matrix interference effect. For colorimetric detection of total capsaicinoid content, a selective chromogenic reaction was performed using Gibbs reagent (2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide). Measurements were performed using a smartphone-based setup and included image analysis with the program ImageJ. The limit of detection of the proposed procedure was 0.15 mg g-1. The intra-day repeatability did not exceed 10.0%. The inter-day repeatability was less than 16.5 %. The comparison of the smartphone-based procedure with high-performance liquid chromatography showed satisfactory results.

  • Smooth least absolute deviation estimators for outlier-proof identification
    • Janusz Kozłowski
    • Zdzisław Kowalczuk
    2024 Full text MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING

    The paper proposes to identify the parameters of linear dynamic models based on the original implementation of least absolute deviation estimators. It is known that the object estimation procedures synthesized in the sense of the least sum of absolute prediction errors are particularly resistant to occasional outliers and gaps in the analyzed system data series, while the classical least squares procedure unfortunately becomes of little use for reliably identifying systems in the presence of destructive measurement errors. Bearing in mind that the classic task of minimizing the quality functional of absolute deviations encounters fundamental analytical problems, it is proposed to use a dedicated iterative estimator for off-line evaluation of the parameters of the analyzed process. In addition, a simplified recursive version of the absolute deviation estimation procedure was developed, which allows for practical on-line tracking of the evolution of variable parameters of non-stationary systems. Importantly, a novel refinement of the discussed absolute deviation estimators was proposed to effectively overcome some inconvenient numerical effects. We also present an interesting comparison of the improved (by non-linear modification) iterative absolute-deviation estimator with the classical Gauss-Newton gradient algorithm, which leads to constructive conclusions. Finally, using computer simulations, the operation of the developed iterative and recursive estimators minimizing the absolute deviation is illustrated. The work ends with an indication of directions for further research.

  • Social Media in the Fashion Industry. Fundamentals, Strategy and Research Methods
    • SanMiguel Patricia
    • Harley Tekila Nobile
    • Cristina Sánchez-Blanco
    • Nadzeya Sabatini
    2024

    This book introduces social network fundamentals in the fashion domain. It addresses the creation of social media marketing plans, highlighting strategic approaches that allow fashion brands to differentiate themselves in the ephemeral and challenging fashion context. Through a variety of academic and professional sources and by sharing the results of their own research, the authors present research methodologies, including netnography, visual, sentiment, and argumentation analysis, for developing rigorous studies to gain social media insights that can be useful for decision-making and value creation. The book also discusses future trends regarding social media management in the fashion domain via interviews with senior fashion experts. This cutting-edge book that combines theory and practice will appeal to undergraduate and master students across a broad range of fields including fashion studies, marketing, digital marketing, and communication and to young professionals who are starting to work in social media. In addition, this book is also developed for young researchers and PhD students employing social media analysis in their studies.

  • Society 4.0: Issues, Challenges, Approaches, and Enabling Technologies
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    • Ngoc Thanh Nguyen
    2024 Full text CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS

    This guest edition of Cybernetics and Systems is a broadening continuation of our last year edition titled “Intelligence Augmentation and Amplification: Approaches, Tools, and Case Studies”. This time we cover research perspective extending towards what is known as Society 4.0. Bob de Vit brought the concept of Society 4.0 to life in his book “Society 4.0 – resolving eight key issues to build a citizens society”. From the Systems Science point of view, one of this concept’s enabling technologies mechanisms would be Semantic Web driven by Artificial Intelligence, Augmented Intelligence, Digital Twin, Platform Economies, Internet of Things, Smart Social Networks, Machine Learning/Deep Learning, and Cyber Physical Systems. With the help and progress in these research themes and technologies, business, commerce, production etc. would become increasingly smarter, and machines talking to machines would handle most of our daily activities, including decision-making, sustainability, wellbeing, and security. The aim of this Guest Edition of Cybernetics and Systems is to address some aspects in this global transformation path of our society

  • Soft Tissue Retraction Maneuver in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Prior to Crown-Lengthening Procedure—A Technical Note
    • Paulina Adamska
    • Marcin Stasiak
    • Wojciech Dąbrowski
    • Dorota Pylińska-Dąbrowska
    • Łukasz Adamski
    • Adam Zedler
    • Ewa Kozłowska
    • Michal Studniarek
    2024 Full text Journal of Clinical Medicine

    Background: An accurate determination of the biological width and the relationship of the cemento-enamel junction with the border of the alveolar bone is crucial during a clinical crown-lengthening (CCL) procedure. The aim of this study was to present a technical note about the retraction techniques in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) prior to CCL, highlighting the significant enhancement in procedural accuracy and predictability that these techniques offer. Methods: Clinical and radiological examinations should be performed before a CCL procedure. It is necessary to determine the length of the tooth crowns, the periodontal pockets’ depth, and the phenotype of the gingiva. The ideal CBCT examination should be performed with soft tissue retraction. This can be achieved using retractors or cotton rolls. Results: Retraction of the lips, cheeks, and tongue allows one to assess the marginal gingiva, the cemento-enamel junction, and the alveolar bone. A detailed plan of the CCL procedure, which involves retraction, ensures both the aesthetic appeal and the achievement of a newly defined gingival zenith, enhancing the overall visual harmony. Conclusions: Compared with conventional radiographic imaging, the soft tissue retraction maneuver in CBCT prior to CCL surgery offers an effective approach to the evaluation and diagnosis of soft and hard tissue. This is because of the detailed planning of the aesthetic CCL procedure. Such an approach leads to superior aesthetic outcomes in dentistry, contributing to the advancement of aesthetic dentistry through a harmonious blend of art and science.

  • Solid and liquid fractionation of sugarcane and Agave bagasse during ozonolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis: Impact on biohydrogen and biogas production
    • Jacobo Pérez-Barragán
    • Octavio García-Depraect
    • Rafael Maya-Yescas
    • Ramiro Vallejo-Rodríguez
    • Hasbleidy Palacios-Hinestroza
    • Mónica Coca
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    • Elizabeth León-Becerril
    2024 INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS

    Sustainable and cost-efficient lignocellulosic biomass-to-energy bioprocesses require assessing the main components released during biomass fractionation. This study assessed the mesophilic biochemical potential of biohydrogen (BHP) and methane production (BMP) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and cooked (CAB) and uncooked (UAB) Agave bagasse. A systematic comparative analysis was performed for the liquid and solid fractions derived from classical enzymatic hydrolysis and ozonolysis-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis. Ozonolysis partially delignified the materials tested while preserving most fermentable sugars and avoiding the generation of inhibitors. During hydrolysis, ozonolysis also led to higher sugar yields and organic matter solubilization regardless of the bagasse type. Hydrolysates with ozonated material showed the highest BHP of 135, 94 and 105 NmL-H2/g-VSfed and BMP of 250, 269 and 247 NmL-CH4/g-VSfed, for SCB, CAB, and UAB, respectively. The total amount of energy harvested was dependent on the material tested and the biomass conversion process applied. Compared with raw material, ozonolysis, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, increased both the BHP and BMP by 153–371% and 5–53%, respectively.

  • Solubility enhancement of metronidazole using natural deep eutectic solvents: Physicochemical and thermodynamic studies
    • Adrian Szewczyk
    • Dorota Warmińska
    • Jakub Ruszkowski
    • Michał Szymankiewicz
    • Magdalena Prokopowicz
    2024 JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    This research aimed to explore the utility of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as the co-solvents for slightly water-soluble metronidazole (MNZ). After testing 70 wt% (percentage by weight) aqueous mixtures of seven NADESs, it was found that MNZ had the highest solubility in water solutions of NADES composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and citric acid (CA). The solubility of MNZ (expressed as 103 mol fraction) increased with the concentration of ChCl:CA NADES (from 6.7743 to 26.8518 at 298.5 K, for 30 and 70 wt% NADES-water mixtures, respectively), and it was more effective when compared to aqueous solutions of individual NADES components with wt% corresponding to these in the NADES-water mixtures. The study also found a preferable mixing of MNZ with aqueous solutions of NADES reflected by negative values of standard molar enthalpy change of mixing (approx. − 4.2 kJ·mol−1), compared with positive values in the case of MNZ mixing with water or ChCl aqueous solutions (approx. 7.3 kJ·mol−1). Comparative research conducted on the volume and acoustics of MNZ in water and aqueous solutions of ChCl, CA, and ChCl:CA NADES also confirmed stronger interactions between the drug and NADES and CA. The dominant interactions between MNZ and co-solvent were hydrophilic-hydrophobic and hydrophobic-hydrophobic. This effect increased in the following strength order: ChCl < NADES < CA. In conclusion, the obtained NADES seems to be a promising co-solvent which provides solid grounds for further research to evaluate the full potential in pharmaceutical design of MNZ liquid formulations.

  • Sonocatalytic degradation of Bisphenol A from aquatic matrices over Pd/CeO2 nanoparticles: Kinetics study, transformation products, and toxicity
    • Alexandra A. Ioannidi
    • Georgios Bampos
    • Maria Antonopoulou
    • Paula Oulego
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Dionisios Mantzavinos
    • Zacharias Frontistis
    2024 SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    In this work, different ratios of palladium – cerium oxide (Pd/CeO2) catalyst were synthesized and characterized, while their sonocatalytic activity was evaluated for the degradation of the xenobiotic Bisphenol A (BPA) from aqueous solutions. Sonocatalytic activity expressed as BPA decomposition exhibited a volcano-type behavior in relation to the Pd loading, and the 0.25Pd/CeO2 catalyst characterized by the maximum Pd dispersion and lower crystallite size demonstrated the higher activity. Using 500 mg/L of 0.25 % Pd/CeO2 increased the kinetic constant for BPA destruction by more than two times compared to sonolysis alone (20 kHz at 71 W/L). Meanwhile, the simultaneous use of ultrasound and a catalyst enhanced the efficiency by 50.1 % compared to the sum of the individual processes, resulting in 95 % BPA degradation in 60 min. The sonocatalytic degradation of BPA followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the apparent kinetic constant was increased with ultrasound power and catalyst loading, while the efficiency was decreased in bottled water and secondary effluent. From the experiments that were conducted using appropriate scavengers, it was revealed that the degradation mainly occurred on the bubble/liquid interface of the formed cavities, while the reactive species produced from the thermal or light excitation of the prepared semiconductor also participated in the reaction. Five first-stage and four late-stage transformation products were identified using UHPLC/TOF-MS, and a pathway for the sonocatalytic degradation of BPA was proposed. According to ECOSAR software prediction, most transformation by-products (TBPs) present lower ecotoxicity than the parent compound, although some remain toxic to the indicators chosen.

  • Sonochemical Based Processes for Treatment of Water and Wastewater
    • Kirill Fedorov
    • Manoj P Rayaroth
    • Xun Sun
    • Reza Darvishi
    • Shirish H. Sonawane
    • Noor S. Shah
    • Varsha Srivastava
    • Zhaohui Wang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024

    Sonochemical Based Processes for Treatment of Water and Wastewater - Opportunities and Challenges – A Future Perspective.

  • Sorbents modified by deep eutectic solvents in microextraction techniques
    • Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2024 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    In recent years, considerable attention has been directed towards the employment of green solvents, specifically deep eutectic solvents (DES), in liquid phase microextraction techniques. However, comprehensive and organized knowledge regarding the modification of sorbent surface structures with DES remains limited. Therefore, this paper reviews the application of DES in modifying and improving the properties of sorbents for microextraction techniques. The review begins by explaining the criteria for selecting DES as surface modifiers and the types of sorbents. Subsequently, it delves into the diverse techniques employed to modify sorbents using DES, including dip coating, sol-gel coating, polymer monolith coatings, molecular imprinting, electrochemical deposition, and simultaneous DES formation and sorbent impregnation. The impact of these modifications on sorbent selectivity, and durability, extraction efficiency, and environmental sustainability is critically evaluated. Additionally, this paper discusses the applications of DES-modified sorbents in various types of solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction techniques. The review concludes with a discussion of current challenges and future perspectives in the field, including potential avenues for further research.

  • Sounding Mechanism of a Flue Organ Pipe—A Multi-Sensor Measurement Approach
    • Paolo Bordoni
    • Piotr Odya
    • Józef Kotus
    • Bożena Kostek
    2024 Full text SENSORS

    This work presents an approach that integrates the results of measuring, analyzing, and modeling air flow phenomena driven by pressurized air in a flue organ pipe. The investigation concerns a Bourdon organ pipe. Measurements are performed in an anechoic chamber using the Cartesian robot equipped with a 3D acoustic vector sensor (AVS) that acquires both acoustic pressure and air particle velocity. Also, a high-speed camera is employed to observe the jet coming out from the windway. For that purpose, the steam resulting from dry ice and hot water is used. A numerical simulation of the sounding mechanism of a pipe of the same geometry is based on measuring the pressure signal and the intensity field around the mouth employing an intensity probe and visualizing and observing the motion of the air jet, which represents the excitation mechanism of the system. The ParaVIEW software serves for the simulation and visualization of the air jet. Then, the results obtained from measurements and simulations are compared and discussed. Also, some future directions discussing the application of a machine-learning approach to the area of pipe organ air flow investigation are contained in the Conclusions section.

  • sp2-rich dendrite-like carbon nanowalls as effective electrode for environmental monitoring of explosive nitroaromatic
    • Anna Dettlaff
    • Małgorzata Szopińska
    • Daniel Houghton
    • Piotr Prasuła
    • Yisong Han
    • Marc Walker
    • Geoff West
    • Agata Kamieńska-Duda
    • Sylwia Fudala-Książek
    • Michał Sobaszek
    2024 Full text CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Nitroaromatic compounds are commonly used explosive materials that pose a risk to human health and ecosystems due to their acute toxicity and carcinogenicity. Nitroaromatics have numerous pathways into the environment via discarded munitions (e.g. into the Baltic Sea after World War II), after use in mining operations, and in industrial run-off from factories producing these compounds (which are produced across the world to date). The current detection method relies on chromatography and mass spectrometry methods, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require specialist equipment and training. Carbon-based electrochemical sensors offer a low-cost, fast, and easy on-site method for the detection of a variety of compounds. This study demonstrates an efficient approach for rapid electrochemical sensing of Tetryl (N-methyl-N-2,4,6-tetranitroaniline) through the use of boron-doped sp2-rich carbon structures. These structures, known as dendrite-like carbon nanowalls (D:CNW), were fabricated in one-step deposition and extensively characterized to understand the structure and surface chemistry. Electrodes were used to detect a range of nitroaromatic compounds, most notably tetryl in both laboratory and real environmental samples, with an excellent sensitivity of 153.0 µA cm−2 ppm−1 and a detection limit of 17 ppb. The analytical and electrochemical capabilities of D:CNW electrodes indicate their suitability for extensive environmental monitoring.

  • Spatial variability of the hydrochemistry of shallow groundwaters and surface waters of the Rensdyrbekken: A case study of a permafrost catchment in Bellsund (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
    • Sara Lehmann-konera
    • Piotr Zagorski
    • Kamil Nowinski
    • Krzysztof Raczynski
    • Marcin Frankowski
    • Łukasz Franczak
    • Mateusz Dobek
    • Danuta Szumińska
    • Ruman Marek
    • Ramia Bakain Al
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2024 Full text LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT

    Progressive climate change may have unpredictable consequences for the Arctic environment. Permafrost catchments off the west coast of Svalbard, described as “thin” and “warm,” are particularly sensitive to climate change. The interdisciplinary research on the hydrochemical response of surface and underground water functioning within a small permafrost catchment area focused on the determination of the impact of meteorological conditions (temperature (T), precipitation (P)) on the mean daily discharge (Q), and the lowering of the groundwater table (H). We determined physical and chemical properties (pH and SEC) and concentrations of major elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K) and 23 trace elements (i.a. Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn) in 280 water samples. The results of the correlation matrix showed that an increase in the average air temperature in the summer of 2021 had a significant impact on the hydrochemistry of both types of waters operating in the catchment. In response to increase in T, the lowering of the H (0.52 < r < 0.66) and a decrease in Q (0.66 < r < 0.68) were observed what in consequence also leads to changes in water chemistry. The principal component analysis (CA) indicates that chemical weathering and binding of elements to DOC are processes influencing water chemistry. Results of statistical analysis showed that the resultant of the hydrometeorological conditions that prevailed in that season and the type of geological formations on which they were located had a significant impact on the water chemistry at individual measurement points. Significant differences in the concentrations of elements between points on the same geological formations were also found.

  • Specification-Oriented Automatic Design of Topologically Agnostic Antenna Structure
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • Mariusz Dzwonkowski
    • Tom Dhaene
    • Ivo Couckuyt
    2024

    Design of antennas for modern applications is a challenging task that combines cognition-driven development of topology intertwined with tuning of its parameters using rigorous numerical optimization. However, the process can be streamlined by neglecting the engineering insight in favor of automatic de-termination of structure geometry. In this work, a specification-oriented design of topologically agnostic antenna is considered. The radiator is developed using a bi-stage algorithm that involves min-max classification of randomly-generated topologies followed by local tuning of the promising designs using a trust-region optimization applied to a feature-based representation of the structure frequency response. The automatically generated antenna is characterized by –10 dB reflection for over 600 MHz around the center frequency of 6.5 GHz and a dual-lobe radiation pattern. The obtained performance figures make the radiator of use for in-door positioning applications. The design method has been favorably compared against the frequency-based trust-region optimization.

  • Spectroscopic studies on physicochemical properties of selected unsymmetrical bisacridine derivatives and NMR analysis of their interactions with the model sequence Pu22 aided by molecular dynamics
    • Michał Kosno
    2024 Full text

    In recent years, new promising acridine derivatives have appeared, belonging to the unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs) family with high anticancer activity. Both their physicochemical properties and their mechanism of action at the molecular level have not been thoroughly analyzed so far. Four derivatives were selected for the study, termed as: C-2028, C-2041, C-2045 and C-2053. The first aim of this work was to determine the protonation forms in which the studied compounds exist at different pH. The second aim was the analysis of aggregation process at different conditions. Methods such as UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy were used for this purpose. The obtained spectral data were subjected to a thorough chemometric analysis, using techniques such as principal components analysis, multiple regression and numerical optimization. Previous studies have shown that a potential molecular target for unsymmetrical bisacridines may be the promoter sequence of the C-Myc proto-oncogene, known as Pu22. Next goal of the presented work was to determine the interactions of the studied compounds with the above mentioned sequence using advanced NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics methods. These studies were narrowed down to the two most promising derivatives: C-2045 and C-2053. In order to determine the exact molecular structure of the obtained complexes, a series of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra of both investigated compounds and their monomeric derivatives (C-1311 and C-1748) were recorded, which allowed to build the initial structures of the studied complexes. In the next step, they were subjected to an equilibrium MD simulation. In the final stage of the research, the nature and strength of the interactions between the studied compounds and the selected G-quadruplex were estimated using the umbrella sampling method, which allowed the determination of the free energy profiles of the obtained complexes. The results obtained allowed to determine the way in which the unsymmetrical bisacridines interact with the C-Myc promoter sequence - their potential molecular target. In addition, their basic physicochemical properties have been determined, which will allow further research on the compounds described above. In this work, a simple and reliable method for the determination of physicochemical constants has been developed and presented, which yields well credible results, even in the case of compounds with a complex structure having many sites capable of protonation.

  • Sport as a Tool for the Development of Healthy and Sustainable Cities: A Strategic Documentation Review
    • Aleksander Orłowski
    • Narek Parsamyan
    2024

    The rapidly changing cities and their environment are causing new challenges for which actions and solutions must be sought. Most of all, a major challenges facing cities are adverse environmental changes and issues related to public health and citizens well-being. Sport is present in the lives of most of us and is an essential component of urban infrastructure, while in relation to this, to what extent is it being used to support health and sustainable goals, shaping cities of tomorrow. The area of relevance of sport for healthy and sustainable cities has not been explored in depth so far. The study aims to examine the sport dimensions and sport factors that contribute to healthy and sustainable city frameworks, through a literature review and analysis of international institutions' policy documents and metrics. The study will contribute to broader understanding of the role of sport within the framework of healthy and sustainable cities and creates the paradigm of future considerations of the relevance of sport from the perspective of city management and policy maker. The novelty of this study is the use of primary sources (strategic documents) for analysis, being a relevant step for the further process of identifying the sport role towards healthy and sustainable cities.

  • Sport-related concussion alters cerebral hemodynamic activity during controlled respiration
    • Cody A. Ellingson
    • Jyotpal Singh
    • Chase J. Ellingson
    • M. Abdullah Shafiq
    • Luke W. Sirant
    • Kim D. Dorsch
    • Marcin Gruszecki
    • Gregory Kratzig
    • J Neary
    2024 JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

    This study investigated cerebral hemodynamic activity following sport-related concussion. Prefrontal cortex oxygenation was assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) during a controlled breathing protocol. Wavelet transformation of the NIRS signals showed significant decreases in HbO2 and HbD amplitude at the respiratory frequency interval (0.10–0.6 HZ) from preseason baseline to acute concussion. These results suggest a decreased respiratory contribution to cerebral hemodynamic activity following acute concussion.

  • Standardy dostępności do Zintegrowanych Węzłów Przesiadkowych
    • Kazimierz Jamroz
    • Marek Wysocki
    • Jacek Szmagliński
    • Romanika Okraszewska
    • Łukasz Jeliński
    • Anna Gobis
    2024

    Wiele z istniejących węzłów wymaga integracji pomiędzy poszczególnymi rodzajami transportu pasażerskiego i dostosowania do wymagań osób ze szczególnymi potrzebami, co jest związane z opracowaniem jednolitych standardów dostępności, jednolitej procedury i narzędzi przeprowadzenia oceny dostępności tych węzłów dla OzSP i zaproponowania skutecznych i efektywnych usprawnień. Problemy z samodzielnym i bezproblemowym przemieszczaniem się uwidaczniają się w zależności od klasy i wielkości węzła przesiadkowego (międzynarodowy, krajowy, regionalny, lokalny), jego dostępności, jakości infrastruktury i systemu obsługi. Różnice między przyjętymi rozwiązaniami i stosowanymi udogodnieniami występować mogą nie tylko między węzłami, ale również w obszarze jednego węzła, w zależności od obszaru lub elementu węzła. Sytuacja ta wynika z braku spójnych zasad projektowania obszarów węzłów transportowych traktowanych jako całość, niezależnie od rodzaju podsystemu i odpowiedzialnej jednostki. Nawet w sytuacji stosowania rozwiązań uwzględniających potrzeby poszczególnych grup OzSP, w przypadku braku spójnego podejścia dla niektórych grup – jak np. osoby niewidome – wielość rozwiązań i brak standaryzacji może również stanowić barierę. Dlatego w ramach projektu „Przesiadka bez Barier” podjęto wyzwanie zwiększenia dostępności węzłów przesiadkowych poprzez opracowanie spójnych zasad dla wszystkich elementów Zintegrowanego Węzła Przesiadkowego (budynków, ciągów pieszych, przystanków). Zasady te zebrano i przedstawiono w dokumencie zatytułowanym „Zintegrowane Węzły Przesiadkowe. Standardy Dostępności” (dalej zwanym Standardami Dostępności). Opracowany dokument z jednej strony integruje już istniejące standardy, a dodatkowo rozszerza je o zasady dla miejsc styku infrastruktury poszczególnych rodzajów transportu. Holistyczne podejście, zestawienie zbioru zasad i wytycznych odnoszących się do całego obszaru i wszystkich elementów węzła są podstawą spójnej w skali kraju oceny dostępności ZWP.

  • Static and dynamic concrete calculations: Breakable aggregates in DEM model
    • Michał Nitka
    2024 Journal of Building Engineering

    The paper deals with the calculations of a 3-point bending beam under static and dynamic loads. The real microstructure was obtained from laboratory tests using micro-tomography images. The quasi-static results were compared directly with experimental data at both macro and micro levels. Subsequently, higher strain rates were applied to investigate dynamic effects. The study focused on the influence of dynamic loading on the macroscopic stress-strain curve, crack propagation, the number of broken contacts, and the distribution of forces and stresses. Special attention was given to micro-fracture and cracking. The calculations were performed using the discrete element method (DEM) and were limited to a 2D problem. The proposed model introduced the consideration of aggregate breakages, which is a novel aspect compared to our previous computations. Fragmentation of the aggregate is particularly important in dynamic tests due to the release of higher energy. Finally, a beam with weak aggregate was used to validate the effectiveness of the model.

  • Statistical Data Pre-Processing and Time Series Incorporation for High-Efficacy Calibration of Low-Cost NO2 Sensor Using Machine Learning
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Marek Wójcikowski
    • Bogdan Pankiewicz
    2024 Full text Scientific Reports

    Air pollution stands as a significant modern-day challenge impacting life quality, the environment, and the economy. It comprises various pollutants like gases, particulate matter, biological molecules, and more, stemming from sources such as vehicle emissions, industrial operations, agriculture, and natural events. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), among these harmful gases, is notably prevalent in densely populated urban regions. Given its adverse effects on health and the environment, accurate monitoring of NO2 levels becomes imperative for devising effective risk mitigation strategies. However, the precise measurement of NO2 poses challenges as it traditionally relies on costly and bulky equipment. This has prompted the development of more affordable alternatives, although their reliability is often questionable. The aim of this article is to introduce a groundbreaking method for precisely calibrating cost-effective NO2 sensors. This technique involves statistical preprocessing of low-cost sensor readings, aligning their distribution with reference data. Central to this calibration is an artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate designed to predict sensor correction coefficients. It utilizes environmental variables (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure), cross-references auxiliary NO2 sensors, and incorporates short time series of previous readings from the primary sensor. These methods are complemented by global data scaling. Demonstrated using a custom-designed cost-effective monitoring platform and high-precision public reference station data collected over five months, every component of our calibration framework proves crucial, contributing to its exceptional accuracy (with a correlation coefficient near 0.95 concerning the reference data and an RMSE below 2.4 µg/m3). This level of performance positions the calibrated sensor as a viable, cost-effective alternative to traditional monitoring approaches.

  • Statistical Method for Analysis of Interactions Between Chosen Protein and Chondroitin Sulfate in an Aqueous Environment
    • Piotr Weber
    • Piotr Bełdowski
    • Adam Gadomski
    • Krzysztof Domino
    • Piotr Sionkowski
    • Damian Ledziński
    2024

    We present the statistical method to study the interaction between a chosen protein and another molecule (e.g., both being components of lubricin found in synovial fluid) in a water environment. The research is performed on the example of univariate time series of chosen features of the dynamics of mucin, which interact with chondroitin sulfate (4 and 6) in four different saline solutions. Our statistical approach is based on recurrence methods to analyze chosen features of molecular dynamics. Such recurrence methods are usually applied to reconstruct the evolution of a molecular system in its reduced phase space, where the most important variables in the process are taken into account. In detail, the analyzed time-series are spitted onto sub-series of records that are expected to carry meaningful information about the system of molecules. Elements of sub-series are splinted by the constant delay-time lag (that is the parameter determined by statistical testing in our case), and the length of sub-series is the embedded dimension parameter (using the Cao method). We use the recurrent plots approach combined with the Shannon entropy approach to analyze the robustness of the sub-series determination. We hypothesize that the robustness of the sub-series determines some specifics of the dynamics of the system of molecules. We analyze rather highly noised features to demonstrate that such features lead to recurrence plots that graphically look similar. From the recurrence plots, the Shannon entropy has been computed. We have, however, demonstrated that the Shannon entropy value is highly dependent on the delay time value for analyzed features. Hence, elaboration of a more precise method of the recurrence plot analysis is required. For this reason, we suggest the random walk method that can be applied to analyze the recurrence plots automatically.

  • Stiffness assessment of the laminate recovered from end-of-life wind turbine blade
    • Łukasz Pyrzowski
    • Agnieszka Sabik
    • Jacek Kluska
    • Jakub Zembrzuski
    2024 COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

    In the paper the stiffness parameters of the laminate recovered from an aerodynamic shell of a decommissioned wind turbine blade are evaluated. The aim of the work is to assess selected methods for identifying material data, as well as to estimate the level of stiffness degradation during turbine operation. Several practical identification methods are presented and compared. Two concepts of a single laminate layer are considered, global and local. The global concept assumes that the equivalent layer of the laminate is a system of three physical layers of a single triaxial fabric. The local concept takes into account all physical layers of the laminate. The material parameters of the global layer are identified and validated in experimental tests. Data for individual physical layers are determined by inverse analysis and the rule of mixtures. The compliance of the results obtained allows one to conclude that the stiffness of the material did not degrade significantly during the operation period. The stiffness parameters of the laminate have shown that the tested material is still very attractive for structural purposes.

  • Storage of High-Strength Steel Flux-Cored Welding Wires in Urbanized Areas
    • Adrian Wolski
    • Aleksandra Świerczyńska
    • Grzegorz Lentka
    • Dariusz Fydrych
    2024 Full text International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing-Green Technology

    The condition of the consumables is a key factor determining the waste reduction in the welding processes and the quality of the welded joint. The paper presents the results of tests of four types of fux-cored wires dedicated for welding high-strength steels, stored for 1 month and 6 months in Poland in two urbanized areas: in a large seaside city (Gdańsk) and in Warsaw, located in the center of the country. The wires were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic (stereoscopic, SEM) observations, EDS analysis, technological tests assessing elastic properties and targetability. The degree of degradation of the wires was also tested using resistance measurements. In order to assess the efect of storing wires on the weldability of steel, the difusible hydrogen content in deposited metal was determined by high-temperature extraction. It was found that the storage caused changes in the surface condition of the wires, afected their elasticity and electrical properties, which afects the behavior of the wires during welding. A signifcant infuence of storage conditions on the hydrogenation of deposited metal was found: in the case of three types of wires, the level of low hydrogen processes was exceeded and the maximum result was 15.18 ml/100 g of deposited metal. It was also found that copper-plated wire showed a signifcantly increased resistance to storage conditions compared to non-copper-plated wires.

  • Strain energy density and entire fracture surface parameters relationship for LCF life prediction of additively manufactured 18Ni300 steel
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Ricardo Branco
    • Joel de Jesus
    • José Domingos Costa
    • Shun-Peng Zhu
    • Reza Masoudi Nejad
    • Andrew Gryguć
    2024 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DAMAGE MECHANICS

    In this study, the connection between total strain energy density and fracture surface topography is investigated in additively manufactured maraging steel exposed to low-cycle fatigue loading. The specimens were fabricated using laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) and examined under fully-reversed strain-controlled setup at strain amplitudes scale from 0.3% to 1.0%. The post-mortem fracture surfaces were explored using a non-contact 3D surface topography measuring system and the entire fracture surface method. The focus is on the relationship between fatigue characteristics, expressed by the total strain energy density, and the fracture surface topography features, represented by areal, volume, and fractal dimension factors. A fatigue life prediction model based on total strain energy density and fracture surface topography parameters is proposed. The presented model shows good accordance with fatigue test results and outperforms other existing models based on the strain energy density. This model can be useful for post-failure analysis of engineering elements under low-cycle fatigue, especially for materials produced by additive manufacturing (AM).

  • Strain-dependent behaviour of cold recycled material mixtures in cyclic compression tests
    • Mariusz Jaczewski
    • Andrea Graziani
    2024 Full text MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES

    The purpose of the study is to evaluate strain-dependent behaviour of Cold Recycled Material (CRM) mixtures using three frameworks typically applied for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA): linear viscoelastic (LVE) limits; non-linearity directions; changes in rheological model parameters. To this aim, the complex modulus of three CRM mixtures with different bitumen-to-cement ratio (0.2, 0.6 and 1.8) was measured in cyclic compression mode, at increasing level of axial deformation (from 35 to 195 μstrain) and at three temperatures (4, 20 and 40 °C). CRM mixtures showed strong strain dependent behaviour, which does not fully comply with the LVE hypothesis. LVE limit framework is applicable, but strain limits for CRM are different from HMA. Linearity direction framework does not give unique trend, hence it is not applicable in the same way as it was developed for HMA. The most promising framework for further analysis is the change in rheological model parameters, but it requires high number of performed tests.

  • Structural phase transitions in multicomponent La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2RE50.2NbO4 (RE5 = Ho, Y, Tb, Eu, Pr) oxides
    • Arkadiusz Dawczak
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    • Maria Gazda
    2024 Full text JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY

    In this work, the influence of compositional complexity on the structural and thermal properties of multicomponent rare-earth ortho-niobates from the La0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2RE50.2NbO4 (RE5 = Ho, Y, Tb, Eu, Pr) series have been investigated. Based on X-ray powder diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation, it was found that all tested materials were pure single-phase compositions and showed stability in the monoclinic I2/c crystal structure at room temperature. High-temperature X-ray powder diffraction studies and dilatometry studies confirmed the presence of a structural phase transition between low- (I2/c ) and high-temperature (I41/a) polymorphs. The structural phase transition temperatures are between 676 °C and 701 °C. Interestingly, despite their compositional complexity, the structural phase transition temperature behaves similarly to conventional ortho-niobates, i.e. it depends on the radius of the A-cation, that is, as the ionic radius increases, the phase transition temperature decreases. The transition has been categorized as a second-order phase transition based on the observed relationship between the Landau order parameter and spontaneous strain. The coexistence of the tetragonal and monoclinic phases has been seen in all compositions around the temperature of the structural phase transition. The presence of two orientation states in the monoclinic structure leads to the so-called spontaneous strain, which consists of longitudinal (u) and shear (v) strain components. The values of these strains at 300 °C range between 2.42 – 2.58·10-2 for longitudinal, 2.98 – 3.04·10-2 for shear, and 5.46 – 5.57·10-2 for scalar spontaneous strain. It was found that the spontaneous strain in each of the materials under test was very little impacted by the variation in the complexity of the A sublattice's composition. In addition, thermal expansion coefficients of both polymorphs were determined, which range from 12.7·10-6 1/K to 13.2·10-6 1/K for the monoclinic structure and 9.7·10-6 1/K to 9.9·10-6 1/K for the tetragonal one.

  • Structure versus hydrolytic and thermal stability of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers composed of hard and soft building blocks with high content of green carbon
    • Ewa Głowińska
    • Joanna Smorawska
    • Joanna Niesiobędzka
    • Janusz Datta
    2024 Full text JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY

    Nowadays, sustainability plays a key role in the design and synthesis of new materials. One of the methods for the preparation of green materials is incorporation into their structure the monomers with a high content of green carbon. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the type and molecular mass of two bio-based polyester polyols and bio-glycol on the properties of aliphatic partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPU). Two series of bio-TPUs materials composed of hard and soft building blocks with high green carbon content were prepared via the two-step method (prepolymer method). Two amorphous bio-based polyester polyols with the molecular mass ~ 2000 (P1) and ~ 3000 (P2) were used. Bio-TPUs were prepared at three different molar ratio of [NCO]/[OH]: 0.9, 0.95, and 1.0. In order to determine the influence of bio-based polyols and the content of hard segments on the properties of bio-TPU, relevant test methods were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TG) revealed hydrolytic and thermal stability of bio-TPUs. Viscoelastic behavior, mechanical and physical properties were examined in terms of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), tensile test, hardness, and density. Analysis of the measurement results confirmed the significant influence of the molecular mass of the bio-based polyols and the molar ratio of [NCO]/[OH] on the bio-TPUs properties. Due to good mechanical properties, low density, and thermal stability up to 300 °C, the obtained materials can find many useful applications. This issue is essential in terms of sustainable development and reduction in the CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere.

  • Studies of the Interaction Dynamics in Albumin-Chondroitin Sulfate Systems by Recurrence Method
    • Piotr Bełdowski
    • Piotr Weber
    • Adam Gadomski
    • Piotr Sionkowski
    • Natalia Kruszewska
    • Krzysztof Domino
    2024

    The physicochemical basis of lubrication of articular cartilage is still not fully understood. However, the synergy between components of the synovial fluid can be a crucial factor that could explain this phenomenon. This work presents a nonlinear data analysis technique named the recurrence method, applied to the system involving two components of synovial fluid: albumin and chondroitin sulfate (CS) immersed in a water environment. This analysis is performed in order to obtain the ”statistical fingerprint” of the dynamics of the interaction between the molecules and to answer whether the variables are more deterministic or more random. The system simulation has been prepared by molecular docking method followed by molecular dynamics simulations. The already mentioned recurrence method has been applied to the time series of the energy of binding, and the time series of the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds, as these features describe well binding between the two molecules. In detail, the time delay approach and embedded dimension approach have been applied to extract meaningful records from time series. Then, by means of recurrence plots and entropy approach, we discuss the similarities and differences between the molecular systems consisting of CS-4 and CS-6 molecules. Our main finding is a higher affinity of chondroitin sulfate IV to albumin as compared with chondroitin sulfate VI.

  • Study of Nanohydroxyapatite Coatings Prepared by the Electrophoretic Deposition Method at Various Voltage and Time Parameters
    • Klaudia Malisz
    • Beata Świeczko-Żurek
    • Jean Marc Olive
    • Grzegorz Gajowiec
    • Gilles Pecastaings
    • Aleksandra Laska
    • Alina Sionkowska
    2024 Full text Materials

    The aim of the work is to compare the properties of nanohydroxyapatite coatings obtained using the electrophoretic deposition method (EDP) at 10 V, 20 V, and 30 V, and with deposit times of 2 and 5 min. The primary sedimentation was used to minimize the risk of the formation of particle agglomerates on the sample surface. Evaluation of the coating was performed by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), optical profilometer, drop shape analyzer, and a nanoscratch tester. All of the coatings are homogeneous without any agglomerates. When low voltage (10 V) was used, the coatings were uniform and continuous regardless of the deposition time. The increase in voltage resulted in the formation of cracks in the coatings. The wettability test shows the hydrophilic behavior of the coatings and the mean contact angle values are in the range of 20–37° . The coatings showed excellent adhesion to the substrate. The application of a maximum force of 400 mN did not cause delamination in most coatings. It is concluded that the optimal coating for orthopedic implants (such as hip joint implants, knee joint implants or facial elements) is obtained at 10 V and 5 min because of its homogeneity, and a contact angle that promotes osseointegration and great adhesion to the substrate.

  • Study on extraction and characterization of anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) starch and reinforced enset (Ensete ventricosum) fiber for the production of reinforced bioplastic film
    • Samuel Latebo Majamo
    • Temesgen Amibo
    2024 Full text Heliyon

    Population expansion is causing an increase in dependence on plastic materials. The worst aspects of conventional plastics were their inability to biodegrade, their poor capacity to transmit water vapor, and their production of greenhouse gases. Usages of bioplastics are necessary for the advancement of a green economy and environment in order to eradicate these drawbacks of traditional plastics. In this study, reinforced bioplastic film was produced from anchote (Coccinia Abyssinica) starch and enset (Ensete Ventricosum) fiber. Starch from anchote was extracted and its properties were characterized via adequate techniques. The maximum carbohydrate content (86.26 ± 0.25%w/w) of anchote starch indicates that it is suitable feedstock for plastic film production. In addition, extracted starch was characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA and XRD. The reinforcing material enset fiber was extracted and characterized by FTIR and XRD. The results of both feedstock materials exhibited the good characteristics and viability for bioplastic film pro- duction. Enset fiber loadings used were 0 %, 4 %, 8 %, 12 % and 16 % w/w in starch basis. Tensile strength, elongation, thickness, moisture content, transparency, solubility and density of pro- duced bioplastic were determined. Tensile force grew and elongation reduced as fiber loading rose up to 8 %. The tensile strength gradually declined with increasing fiber loading. Additionally, the created bioplastic film’s groups of functions and chemical bonds were examined. In com- parison to unreinforced plastic film, the results showed that the reinforced bioplastic film used in this study was an excellent and effective product.

  • Study the impact of design method preference on the usefulness of concrete and on CO2 emissions
    • Salem Abdelgader
    • Marzena Kurpińska
    • Hakim S. Abdelgader
    • Farzam Omidi Moaf
    • Mugahed Amran
    2024 International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation

    Purpose – The research investigates the impact of concrete design methods on performance, emphasizing environmental sustainability. The study compares the modified Bolomey method and Abrams’ law in designing concretes. Significant differences in cement consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions are revealed. The research advocates for a comprehensive life cycle assessment, considering factors like compressive strength, carbonation resistance, CO2 emissions, and cost. The analysis underscores the importance of evaluating concrete not solely based on strength but also environmental impact. The study concludes that a multicriteria approach, considering the entire life cycle, is essential for sustainable concrete design, addressing durability, environmental concerns, and economic factors. Design/methodology/approach – The study employed a comprehensive design and methodology approach, involving the formulation and testing of 20 mixed concretes with strengths ranging from 25 MPa to 45 MPa. Two distinct design methods, the modified Bolomey method (three equations method) and Abrams’ law, were utilized to calculate concrete compositions. Laboratory experiments were conducted to validate the computational models, and subsequent analyses focused on assessing differences in cement consumption, compressive strength, CO2 emissions, and concrete resistance to carbonation. The research adopted a multidisciplinary perspective, integrating theoretical analysis, laboratory testing, and life cycle assessment to evaluate concrete performance and sustainability.

  • Substrate Integrated Waveguide-Based Frequency-Tunable Self-Octaplexing Antenna
    • Nrusingha Pradhan
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Karthikeyan Subramanian
    2024 AEU-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS

    This communication presents the first-ever substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)-based frequency-tunable self-octaplexing antenna (SOA) for wireless communication. The structure is arranged by implementing eight distinct patches with planar 50-ohm feedlines at the top of the SIW cavity, which realize eight distinct resonant frequencies. Independent tuning of each resonant frequency is achieved by incorporating appropriately allocated pockets in the antenna substrate, which can be filled with solid dielectrics of dierent permittivity. The obtained tuning range is broad, from 4.76 GHz to 9.82 GHz, with the capability of tuning each port individually. Furthermore, the port isolation (for all ports) that is better than 20.5 dB. The proposed antenna has a realized gain of 3.91, 3.2, 4.05, 4.14, 3.8, 3.37, 3.55 and 3.28 dBi when using Rogers RT-6010 for pocket filling. Furthermore, the antenna provides stable radiation characteristics with precise tuning. The proposed device is suitable for various applications, including multi-standard wireless communications, due to its small size, wide tuning range, consistent radiation patterns, and comparable isolation levels.

  • Superconductivity–Electron Count Relationship in Heusler Phases─the Case of LiPd2Si
    • Karolina Górnicka
    • Xin Gui
    • Juan Chamorro
    • Tyrel McQueen
    • Robert J. Cava
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Michał Winiarski
    2024 Full text CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS

    We report superconductivity in the full Heusler compound LiPd2Si (space group Fm3̅m, No. 225) at a critical temperature of Tc = 1.3 K and a normalized heat capacity jump at Tc, ΔC/γTc = 1.1. The low-temperature isothermal magnetization curves imply type-I superconductivity, as previously observed in LiPd2Ge. We show, based on density functional theory calculations and using the molecular orbital theory approach, that while LiPd2Si and LiPd2Ge share the Pd cubic cage motif that is found in most of the reported Heusler superconductors, they show distinctive features in the electronic structure. This is due to the fact that Li occupies the site which, in other compounds, is filled with an early transition metal or a rare-earth metal. Thus, while a simple valence electron count–property relationship is useful in predicting and tuning Heusler materials, inclusion of the symmetry of interacting frontier orbitals is also necessary for the best understanding.

  • Support Materials of Organic and Inorganic Origin as Platforms for Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilization: Comparison Study for High Stability and Activity Recovery
    • Muhammad Bilal
    • Oliwia Degorska
    • Daria Szada
    • Agnieszka Rybarczyk
    • Agata Zdarta
    • Michał Kaplon
    • Jakub Zdarta
    • Teofil Jesionowski
    2024 Full text MOLECULES

    In the presented study, a variety of hybrid and single nanomaterials of various origins were tested as novel platforms for horseradish peroxidase immobilization. A thorough characterization was performed to establish the suitability of the support materials for immobilization, as well as the activity and stability retention of the biocatalysts, which were analyzed and discussed. The physicochemical characterization of the obtained systems proved successful enzyme deposition on all the presented materials. The immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on all the tested supports occurred with an efficiency above 70%. However, for multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hybrids made of chitosan, magnetic nanoparticles, and selenium ions, it reached up to 90%. For these materials, the immobilization yield exceeded 80%, resulting in high amounts of immobilized enzymes. The produced system showed the same optimal pH and temperature conditions as free enzymes; however, over a wider range of conditions, the immobilized enzymes showed activity of over 50%. Finally, a reusability study and storage stability tests showed that horseradish peroxidase immobilized on a hybrid made of chitosan, magnetic nanoparticles, and selenium ions retained around 80% of its initial activity after 10 repeated catalytic cycles and after 20 days of storage. Of all the tested materials, the most favorable for immobilization was the above-mentioned chitosan-based hybrid material. The selenium additive present in the discussed material gives it supplementary properties that increase the immobilization yield of the enzyme and improve enzyme stability. The obtained results confirm the applicability of these nanomaterials as useful platforms for enzyme immobilization in the contemplation of the structural stability of an enzyme and the high catalytic activity of fabricated biocatalysts.

  • Surface finite viscoelasticity and surface anti-plane waves
    • Victor Eremeev
    2024 Full text INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE

    We introduce the surface viscoelasticity under finite deformations. The theory is straightforward generalization of the Gurtin–Murdoch model to materials with fading memory. Surface viscoelasticity may reflect some surface related creep/stress relaxation phenomena observed at small scales. Discussed model could also describe thin inelastic coatings or thin interfacial layers. The constitutive equations for surface stresses are proposed. As an example we discuss propagation shear (anti-plane) waves in media with surface stresses taking into account viscoelastic effects. Here we analysed surface waves in an elastic half-space with viscoelastic coatings. Dispersion relations were derived.

  • Surprising Radiolytic Stability of 8‑Thiomethyladenine in an Aqueous Solution
    • Magdalena Datta
    • Adrian Szczyrba
    • Magdalena Zdrowowicz
    • Dariusz Wyrzykowski
    • Olga Ciupak
    • Sebastian Demkowicz
    • Farhad Izadi
    • Stephan Denifl
    • Janusz Rak
    2024 Full text JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B

    8-Thiomethyladenine (ASCH3), a potentially radiosensitizing modified nucleobase, has been synthesized in a reaction between 8-thioadenine and methyl iodide. Despite favorable dissociative electron attachment (DEA) characteristics, the radiolysis of an aqueous solution of ASCH3 with a dose of X-ray amounting to as much as 300 Gy leads to no effects. Nevertheless, crossed electron-molecule beam experiments in the gas phase on ASCH3 confirm the theoretical findings regarding the stability of its radical anion, namely, the most abundant reaction channel is related to the dissociation of the S-CH3 bond in the respective anion. Furthermore, electroninduced degradation of ASCH3 has been observed in aprotic acetonitrile, which is strong evidence for the involvement of proton transfer (PT) in stabilizing the radical anion in an aqueous solution. These findings demonstrate that PT in water can be the main player in deciding the radiosensitizing properties of modified nucleobases/nucleosides.

  • Suspension and process parameters selection for electrophoretic deposition of Mn–Co spinel coating on steel interconnects
    • Omid Ekhlasiosgouei
    • Federico Smeacetto
    • Sebastian Molin
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    Metallic interconnect coatings, consisting of MnCo2O4 spinel, were effectively applied to Crofer 22 APU using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method in both H2O: ethanol and pure ethanol solvents. The primary goal of this method was to prevent chromium migration, minimize evaporation, and control the oxidation rate. The study aimed to assess the quality, adhesion, and thickness of the Mn–Co coating, with the objective of achieving a consistent and uniform layer. The results indicated a preference for pure ethanol solvent over H2O: ethanol (40:60 %Vol) for Mn–Co particles. Furthermore, the agglomeration of Mn–Co particles was notably lower (approximately 7 times) in ethanol compared to H2O: ethanol. The morphology and surface roughness of the sintered Mn–Co coating on the alloy were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A uniform and dense coating was successfully attained using pure ethanol solvent at a solid concentration of 10 g/L, with 0.5 g/L of iodine serving as a disperser. The deposition process, carried out at a voltage of 30V for 20 s, resulted in a coating with a thickness of 7.4 ± 0.3 μm and a surface roughness of 0.75 ± 0.5 μm.

  • Sustainable energy consumption – Empirical evidence of a household in Poland
    • Ewelina Sokołowska
    • Jerzy Wiśniewski
    2024 Full text Energy Strategy Reviews

    There is an expected increase in the demand for electricity from households in European countries. The outcome of the growing proportion of renewable energy sources in the energy supply mix should result in improved customer awareness regarding their electricity usage. Additionally, they must assume a more proactive role in overseeing their electricity usage. Innovation and pollution management have become crucial catalysts for promoting sustainable economic development and environmental protection. This is a response to the increasing threats posed by climate change. This study addresses this existing research gap in sustainable energy consumption. The research aims to examine the advantages of replacing traditional sources of heating with renewable ones. The empirical case study of households in Poland serves as an illustration of the theoretical foundation. The purpose of the study entails the construction of a multi-equation econometric model describing the mechanisms of electricity consumption in a specific household. The model hypothesis indicates that the model should take the form of a system of interdependent equations. The following will be described: the monthly volume of electricity consumption, the cost of this energy payment (in PLN), and the price per one MWh in a given month. Monthly time series from September 2015 to June 2023 were used. The resulting time series amounted to a count of 94 statistical observations. The results in the form of a multi-level empirical econometric model indicate that the economic, environmental, and social benefits of using renewable sources of heating can make a significant contribution to reducing fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. In the context of growing environmental awareness and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, heat pumps are becoming an increasingly important element in the discussion of the future of heating. Their role in transforming the energy sector in the direction of sustainability is crucial.

  • Sustainable Management of Food Wastes Through Cavitation-Assisted Conversion into Value-Added Products
    • Zahra Askarniya
    • Xun Sun
    • Chongqing Wang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024

    More than 30% of worldwide food consumption is thrown out as food wastes causing serious environmental, economic, and social problems. Therefore, it is required to develop sustainable food waste management methods leading to an enhancement in social and economic benefits and mitigation of environmental impacts. Anaerobic digestion can be regarded as one of those effective methods that can be employed for the conversion of food waste to value-added products. Food wastes are normally resistant towards hydrolysis (the first stage of anaerobic digestion), leading to a reduction in the formation of desired products. Cavitation is one of the useful pretreatment methods that can mitigate this problem and also increase mass transfer, which is a severe barrier to the reaction producing biodiesel (transesterification), leading to high rates of hydrolysis and transesterification. Cavitation is the formation, growth, and collapse of bubbles formed in the solution. Considering the subsequent effect of the collapse of generated bubbles (ability to disintegrate solid material, turbulence, high temperature and pressure, and radical formation), cavitation can be considered an efficient technique for minimizing the time and optimizing the generation of valuable products from food wastes. This technology can cause microbes to easily access substrates, resulting in an enhancement in microbial growth and the formation of products. Additionally, it can increase mass transfer between reactants, decreasing the time required in transesterification for producing biodiesel.

  • Synergism of floated paperboard sludge cake /sewage sludge for maximizing biomethane yield and biochar recovery from digestate: A step towards circular economy
    • Rania H. Hafez
    • Ahmed Tawfik
    • Gamal K. Hassan
    • Magdy Zahran
    • Ahmed A. Younes
    • Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska
    • Filip Gamoń
    • Mahmoud Nasr
    2024 CHEMOSPHERE

    Anaerobic digestion of floated paperboard sludge (PS) cake suffers from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation, nutrient unbalanced condition, and generation of digestate with a risk of secondary pollution. To overcome these drawbacks, sewage sludge (SS) was added to PS cake for biogas recovery improvement under a co-digestion process followed by the thermal treatment of solid fraction of digestate for biochar production. Batch experimental assays were conducted at different SS:PS mixing ratios of 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 20:80 (w/w), and their anaerobic co-digestion performances were compared to the mono-digestion systems at 35±0.2 °C for 45 days. The highest methane yield (MY) of 241.68±14.81 mL/g CODremoved was obtained at the optimum SS:PS ratio of 50:50 (w/w). This experimental condition was accompanied by protein, carbohydrate, and VFA conversion efficiencies of 47.3±3.2%, 46.8±3.2%, and 56.3±3.8%, respectively. The synergistic effect of SS and PS cake encouraged the dominance of Bacteroidota (23.19%), Proteobacteria (49.65%), Patescibacteria (8.12%), and Acidovorax (12.60%) responsible for hydrolyzing the complex organic compounds and converting the VFAs into biomethane. Further, the solid fraction of digestate was subjected to thermal treatment at a temperature of 500 °C for 2.0 h, under an oxygen-limited condition. The obtained biochar had a yield of 0.48 g/g dry digestate, and its oxygen-to-carbon (O/C), carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N), and carbon-to-phosphorous (C/P) ratios were 0.55, 10.23, and 16.42, respectively. A combined anaerobic co-digestion/pyrolysis system (capacity 50 m3/d) was designed based on the COD mass balance experimental data and biogenic CO2 market price of 22 USD/ton. This project could earn profits from biogas (12565 USD/yr), biochar (6641 USD/yr), carbon credit (8014 USD/yr), and COD shadow price (6932 USD/yr). The proposed project could maintain a payback period of 6.60 yr. However, further studies are required to determine the associated life cycle cost model that is useful to validate the batch experiment assumptions.