2016 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

Pokaż publikacje z roku

Publikacje z roku 2016

Pokaż wszystkie

Inverse surrogate modeling for low-cost geometry scaling of microwave and antenna structures
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
2016 ENGINEERING COMPUTATIONS
Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to investigate strategies for expedited dimension scaling ofelectromagnetic (EM)-simulated microwave and antenna structures, exploiting the concept of variable-fidelity inverse surrogate modeling.Design/methodology/approach–A fast inverse surrogate modeling technique is described fordimension scaling of microwave and antenna structures. The model is established using referencedesigns obtained for cheap underlying low-fidelity model and corrected to allow structure scaling athigh accuracy level. Numerical and experimental case studies are provided demonstrating feasibility ofthe proposed approach.Findings–It is possible, by appropriate combination of surrogate modeling techniques, to establishan inverse model for explicit determination of geometry dimensions of the structure at hand so as tore-design it for various operating frequencies. The scaling process can be concluded at a lowcomputational cost corresponding to just a few evaluations of the high-fidelity computational model ofthe structure.Research limitations/implications–The present study is a step toward development ofprocedures for rapid dimension scaling of microwave and antenna structures at high-fidelityEM-simulation accuracy.Originality/value–The proposed modeling framework proved useful for fast geometry scaling ofmicrowave and antenna structures, which is very laborious when using conventional methods. To theauthors’knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to surrogate-assisted dimension scaling ofmicrowave components at the EM-simulation level.
Inverse surrogate models for fast geometry scaling of miniaturized dual-band couplers
- Sławomir Kozieł
- Adrian Bekasiewicz
2016
Re-design of microwave structures for various sets of performance specifications is a challenging task, particularly for compact components where considerable electromagnetic (EM) cross-couplings make the relationships between geometry parameters and the structure responses complex. Here, we address geometry scaling of miniaturized dual-band couplers by means of inverse surrogate modeling. Our approach allows for fast estimation of the optimum values of structure dimensions corresponding to required operating frequencies. The inverse surrogate is constructed based on a set of reference designs obtained by optimizing the equivalent circuit model of the coupler, and subsequently corrected using output space mapping. As demonstrated using a compact dual-band microstrip branchline coupler example, geometry scaling is possible in a wide range of operating frequencies and at a very low cost of just a single EM simulation of the structure at hand.
Investigating the combined impact of plasticizer and shear force on the efficiency of low temperature reclaiming of ground tire rubber (GTR)
- Krzysztof Formela
- Marek Klein
- Xavier Colom
- Mohammad Saeb
2016 POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
In the present work, ground tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically reclaimed at ambient temperature using two-roll mills. Road bitumen and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified bitumen at variable content (in range: 2.5–20 phr) were applied as reactive plasticizers to enhance reclaiming of GTR. For better understanding the plasticizing effect of bitumen on the quality of obtained reclaimed rubber, mechano-chemically reclaimed GTR has been compared with GTR after thermo-mechanical reclaiming via low temperature extrusion (120 °C), which allows generation of high shear forces on GTR. Reclaiming process was evaluated by oscillating disc rheometer measurements, followed by mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties analyses performed on vulcanized reclaimed rubber. The obtained results showed that application of bitumen during mechano-chemical reclaiming of GTR improves processing and prevents oxidation of reclaimed GTR through enhancement of physical and chemical interactions between GTR and bitumen. On the other hand, high shear forces acting on GTR during thermo-mechanical reclaiming caused effective scission of cross-linking bonds, while at the same time an adverse oxidative degradation of GTR occurs. Noticeably, the type of bitumen strongly affected the nature of the interfacial interactions between GTR and bitumen. Plasticization/partial reclaiming of GTR (road bitumen, SBS-modified bitumen) and encapsulation of GTR (SBS modified bitumen) were confirmed by mechanical properties, FTIR, TGA and SEM measurements.
Investigation of long-range dependencies in the stochastic part of daily GPS solutions
- J. Bogusz
- Anna Klos
- Mariusz Figurski
- M. Kujawa
2016 SURVEY REVIEW
The long-range dependence (LRD) of the stochastic part of GPS-derived topocentric coordinates change (North, East, Up) results with relatively high autocorrelation values with a focus on self-similarity. One of the reasons for such self-similarity in the GPS time series are noises that are commonly recognised to prevail in the form of the flicker noise model. To prove the self-similarity of the stochastic part of GPS time series we used more than 130 ASG-EUPOS (active geodetic network EUPOS) stations from an area of Poland with a 5-year span of the daily topocentric coordinate changes. The deterministic part of time series was removed by means of the least-squares (LS) method, median absolute deviation (MAD) criterion and the sequential t-test algorithm, respectively. Then the self-similarity of the residue was proved by the results of the Ljung–Box test, whose values close to zero showed the dependence of the stochastic part of the GPS time series. The residue was analysed by means of the rescaled range (R/S) method with the H (Hurst) parameter and the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) with the scaling exponent α. Both H and α values ranged within assumed LRD limits of 0.5 and 1. This analysis was followed by noise investigation with a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). The white plus the power-law noise models were assumed a priori, which gave us a spectral indices κ between − 0.4 and − 1.2 for all of the time series. It proved that fractional white noise outweighs other types of noises in GPS time series. Authors found here, that the LRD methods by omitting the noise amplitude data led to an underestimation of H values and their misinterpretation. The larger the omitted amplitude is, the greater the difference between the noise characters estimated with R/S values in comparison to the reference values of κ are. Some of these differences exceed even the value of 0.6, which may result in the estimation of false noise character in GPS data thus eliciting wrong conclusions
Investigation of solid polymer electrolyte gas sensor with different electrochemical techniques
- Anna Strzelczyk
- Grzegorz Jasiński
- Bogdan Chachulski
2016 Pełny tekst IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
In this work solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) amperometric sulphur dioxide sensor is investigated. Nafion was used as a membrane electrode and 1M sulphuric acid as an internal electrolyte. Sensor response to sulphur dioxide was measured. Besides traditional constant voltage amperometry also different electrochemical techniques were used. Results obtained by these methods are compared.
Investigation of stability and limit load of a truss overhead opened bridge
- Łukasz Żmuda-Trzebiatowski
- Piotr Iwicki
- Marcin Krajewski
2016
The paper presents selected methods of determining stability and limit load of a truss top chord in opened bridges. These methods include linear buckling and non-linear static analysis based on the finite element method and algorithms based on design code procedures. The described methods were tested on an example of a steel footbridge situated in Straszyn. The results of stability analysis are compared. The results of geometrical and material non-linear analysis are close for the perfect structure, but very large (40%) for large imperfection amplitudes. Using first global free vibration mode as in initial imperfection resulted in greater load-carrying capacity than first global buckling mode. The critical forces is nearly equal to the results from non-linear analysis. A Polish standard procedure showed some difficulties during analysis so the final condition of stability was not satisfied, while a Eurocode procedure confirmed correctness of a footbridge design.
Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of AA1050 aluminium alloy in aqueous alkaline solutions using Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
- Joanna Wysocka
- Stefan Krakowiak
- Jacek Ryl
- Kazimierz Darowicki
2016 JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
The paper presents the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium alloy AA1050 in aqueous alkaline media in the pH range 14–8.5. Electrochemical study was applied in order to obtain comprehensive information on the mechanism and kinetics of the process of anodic dissolution of aluminium, supplemented by monitoring of surface topography using an electron microscope. The corrosion rate of AA1050 increases with increasing concentration of hydroxyl ions OH−. Cathodic reaction occurs in the form of two competing processes, oxygen depolarization and hydrogen evolution. During anodic polarization process up to + 8 V vs Ag | Ag2O, activation control of the electrochemical process is converted to diffusion control upon reaching the potential approx. 0 V. Instantaneous impedance spectra in Nyquist projection had at least two time constants: high–frequency loop of capacitive character associated with charge transfer process during anodic dissolution and negative low-frequency capacitance loop. Dynamic processes occurring during anodic dissolution of aluminium alloy can be concluded on the base of instantaneous change of electric parameters. Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (DEIS) enables continuous impedance monitoring of non–stationary processes, such as anodic dissolution of aluminium in aqueous alkaline environments.
Investigation of the vertical distribution of the sound speed of the Gulf of Gdansk in the years 2000-2010
- Grażyna Grelowska
- Dominika Witos-Okrasińska
2016 Pełny tekst HYDROACOUSTICS
The conditions of the acoustic wave propagation in the southern Baltic are much more complex than in other shallow waters. In the typical shallow water, seasonal changes in acoustical conditions in the upper layer, of the depth of about 60-70 m, are observed. They are caused by variation of the annual meteorological conditions. Most often, in the deep water layer, acoustical conditions are stable throughout the year. However, in the Southern Baltic they change during the year also in the deep water layer. They depend on the inflows of highly saline water from the Northern Sea through the Danish Straits, which evoke a dense bottom current increasing the salinity at the bottom. The vertical sound speed distribution in the Southern Baltic is strongly dependent on the hydrological conditions. In the paper the characteristic elements of acoustic climate of the Southern Baltic will be considered, based on data concerning the Gulf of Gdansk. Averaged characteristics of temperature, salinity and sound speed for the years 2000-2010, as well as anomalies, have been determined.
Investigation on Damage-Involved Structural Response of Colliding Steel Structures during Ground Motions
- Barbara Sołtysik
- Tomasz Falborski
- Robert Jankowski
2016 Key Engineering Materials
Earthquakes are the most unpredictable damaging loads which can affect civil engineering structures. Due to insufficient separation distance between adjacent structures with different dynamic properties, structural collisions may occur during ground motions. Although the research on structural pounding has recently been much advanced, the studies have mainly been conducted for concrete structures. The aim of this paper is to show the results of experimental investigation, focused on dynamic behaviour of closely-separated three models of steel structures which have been subjected to damaging earthquake excitations. The study was performed using three models of steel towers with different dynamic parameters and various distances between the structures. The acceleration time histories of the Kobe and the Northridge earthquakes were applied as the seismic excitation. The unidirectional shaking table, located at the Gdansk University of Technology (Poland), was used in the experimental study. The results have confirmed that collisions may lead to the increase in the structural response, although they may also play a positive role, depending on the size of the separation gap between the structures.
Investigations of Titanium Implants Covered with Hydroxyapatite Layer
- Beata Świeczko-Żurek
- Michał Bartmański
2016 Pełny tekst Advances in Materials Science
To reduce unfavorable phenomena occurring after introducing an implant into human body various modifications of the surface are suggested. Such modifications may have significant impact on biocompatibility of metallic materials. The titanium and it's alloys are commonly used for joint and dental implants due to their high endurance, low plasticity modulus, good corrosion resistance as well as biocompatibility. Special attention should be given to titanium alloys containing zirconium, tantalum and niobium elements. These new generation alloys are used by worldwide engineering specialists. The experiments were performed with hydroxyapatite layer on titanium specimens with the use of electrophoresis method (different voltage and time).
Investigations on the the dynamics of motor vehicle driving in nighttime conditions
- Krzysztof Stryjek
- Grzegorz Motrycz
- Beata Świeczko-Żurek
- Tomasz Wróbel
2016 Pełny tekst The Archives of Automotive Engineering - Archiwum Motoryzacji
The article describes investigations on vehicle driving in nighttime conditions
Inwestycje w surowce w połączeniu z polskim rynkiem kapitałowym, analiza ryzyka i efektywności
- Marcin Potrykus
2016 FINANSE Czasopismo Komitetu Nauk o Finansach PAN
W artykule przedstawiono główne kategorie i rodzaje inwestycji w surowce. Cel opracowania to zbadanie czy inwestycja w Warszawski Indeks Giełdowy stanowi główny składnik optymalnego tj. cechującego się minimalnym ryzykiem portfela inwestycyjnego. Ponadto ustalono czy wspomniana inwestycja tradycyjna stanowi najważniejszy element portfela inwestycyjnego odznaczającego się najwyższą efektywnością. Stwierdzono, że wszystkie z 29 analizowanych inwestycji w surowce odznaczają się słabą korelacją z badaną inwestycją tradycyjną. Co więcej portfel odznaczający się najwyższą stopą zwrotu można było uzyskać z analizowanych inwestycji tradycyjnych w połączeniu z inwestycjami w ołów oraz złoto. Inwestor, który poszukuje portfel o minimalnym ryzyku powinien natomiast zwrócić szczególną uwagę na połączenie inwestycji na polskim rynku kapitałowym z inwestycjami w kłody drewna oraz tytoń. Maksymalizacja efektywności portfela inwestycyjnego daje z kolei najlepsze rezultaty po połączeniu akcji notowanych na giełdzie papierów wartościowych w Warszawie z inwestycjami w złoto, tytoń lub wołowinę. Dla tych portfeli udział inwestycji w surowce wynosi średnio ponad 85%.
Ionic liquids for nano- and microstructures preparation. Part 1: Properties and multifunctional role
- Justyna Łuczak
- Marta Paszkiewicz
- Anna Krukowska
- Anna Malankowska
- Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
2016 ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a broad group of organic salts of varying structure and properties, used in energy conversion and storage, chemical analysis, separation processes, as well as in the preparation of particles in nano- and microscale. In material engineering, ionic liquids are applied to synthesize mainly metal nanoparticles and 3D semiconductor microparticles. They could generally serve as a structuring agent or as a reaction medium (solvent). This review deals with the resent progress in general understanding of the ILs role in particle growth and stabilization and the application of ionic liquids for nano- and microparticles synthesis. The first part of the paper is focused on the interactions between ionic liquids and growing particles. The stabilization of growing particles by steric hindrance, electrostatic interaction, solvation forces, viscous stabilization, and ability of ILs to serve as a soft template is detailed discussed. For the first time, the miscellaneous role of the ILs in nano- and microparticle preparation composed of metals as well as semiconductors is collected, and the formation mechanisms are graphically presented and discussed based on their structure and selected properties. The second part of the paper gives a comprehensive overview of recent experimental studies dealing with the applications of ionic liquids for preparation of metal and semiconductor-based nano- and microparticles. A wide spectrum of preparation routes using ionic liquids are presented, including precipitation, sol-gel technique, hydrothermal method, nanocasting, and microwave or ultrasound-mediated methods.
Ionic liquids for nano- and microstructures preparation. Part 2: Application in synthesis
- Justyna Łuczak
- Marta Paszkiewicz
- Anna Krukowska
- Anna Malankowska
- Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
2016 ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
Ionic liquids (ILs) are widely applied to prepare metal nanoparticles and 3D semiconductor microparticles. Generally, they serve as a structuring agent or reaction medium (solvent), however it was also demonstrated that ILs can also play a role of a co-solvent, metal precursor, reducing as well as surface modifying agent. The crucial role and possible types of interactions between ILs and growing particles have been presented in the Part 1 of this review paper. Part 2 of the paper gives a comprehensive overview of recent experimental studies dealing with application of ILs for preparation of metal and semiconductor based nano- and microparticles. A wide spectrum of preparation routes using ILs are presented, including precipitation, sol-gel technique, hydrothermal method, nanocasting and rays-mediated methods (microwave, ultrasound, UV-radiation and γ-radiation). It was found that [BMIM] combines with [BF4], [PF6], and [Tf2N] are the most often used ILs in the synthesis of nano- and microparticles, due to their low melting temperature, low viscosity and good transportation properties. Nevertheless, examples of other ILs classes with intrinsic nanoparticles stabilizing abilities such as phosphonium and ammonium derivatives are also presented. Experimental data revealed that structure of ILs (both anion and cation type) affects the size and shape of formed metal particles, and in some cases may even determine possibility of particles formation. The nature of the metal precursor determines its affinity to polar or nonpolar domains of ionic liquid, and therefore, the size of the nanoparticles depends on the size of these regions. Ability of ionic liquids to form varied extended interactions with particle precursor as well as other compounds presented in the reaction media (water, organic solvents etc.) provides nano- and microstructures with different morphologies (0D nanoparticles, 1D nanowires, rods, 2D layers, sheets, and 3D three-dimensional features of molecules). ILs interact efficiently with microwave irradiation, thus even small amount of IL can be employed to increase the dielectric constant of nonpolar solvents used in the synthesis. Thus, combining the advantages of ILs and rays-mediated methods resulted in the development of a new ionic liquid-assisted synthesis routes.
Ionic liquids-based microextraction techniques
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Jacek Namieśnik
2016
In recent years, the development of highly efficient analytical techniques is of great importance, however, the direct analysis of complex sample matrix is still impossible in many cases. Therefore, the step of sample preparation is commonly involved in an analytical procedure. Over the years, it has been realized that the major source of inaccuracy and imprecision on general analysis results from the operations associated to sample pre-treatment. Moreover, due to the fact that technologies and/or methodology of sample preparation have yet to adapt instruments development as well as meet target analyte requirements in identification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, great efforts are currently being focused on improvement of sample preparation [Yunyan et al., 2014]. Without any doubt, sample pre-treatment is the basic as well as crucial step of the whole analytical procedure. Despite the fact, that many analytical methods for the clean-up and concentrate samples exist, two of them meaning solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) remain the most widely techniques used. It is well known, that LLE technique has many drawbacks such as time-consuming, difficult to automate, tedious, uses large volumes of toxic organic solvents that may cause environmental pollution, are expensive and cause extra operational costs for waste treatment. In comparison to LLE, SPE is characterized by less solvent consumption, however, the usage can still be considered significant.
Iron–Sulfur Cluster Biogenesis Chaperones: Evidence for Emergence of Mutational Robustness of a Highly Specific Protein–Protein Interaction
- Wojciech Delewski
- Bogumiła Paterkiewicz
- Mateusz Manicki
- Brenda Schilke
- Bartłomiej Tomiczek
- Szymon Ciesielski
- Łukasz Nierzwicki
- Jacek Czub
- Rafal Dutkiewicz
- Elizabeth Craig
- Jaroslaw Marszalek
2016 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Biogenesis of iron–sulfur clusters (FeS) is a highly conserved process involving Hsp70 and J-protein chaperones. However, Hsp70 specialization differs among species. In most eukaryotes, including Schizosaccharomyces pombe, FeS biogenesis involves interaction between the J-protein Jac1 and the multifunctional Hsp70 Ssc1. But, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and closely related species, Jac1 interacts with the specialized Hsp70 Ssq1, which emerged through duplication of SSC1. As little is known about how gene duplicates affect the robustness of their protein interaction partners, we analyzed the functional and evolutionary consequences of Ssq1 specialization on the ubiquitous J-protein cochaperone Jac1, by comparing S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. Although deletion of JAC1 is lethal in both species, alanine substitutions within the conserved His–Pro–Asp (HPD) motif, which is critical for Jac1:Hsp70 interaction, have species-specific effects. They are lethal in S. pombe, but not in S. cerevisiae. These in vivo differences correlated with in vitro biochemical measurements. Charged residues present in the J-domain of S. cerevisiae Jac1, but absent in S. pombe Jac1, are important for tolerance of S. cerevisiae Jac1 to HPD alterations. Moreover, Jac1 orthologs from species that encode Ssq1 have a higher sequence divergence. The simplest interpretation of our results is that Ssq1’s coevolution with Jac1 resulted in expansion of their binding interface, thus increasing the efficiency of their interaction. Such an expansion could in turn compensate for negative effects of HPD substitutions. Thus, our results support the idea that the robustness of Jac1 emerged as consequence of its highly efficient and specific interaction with Ssq1.
Ischemic stroke in general practice - risk factors, prognosis - prospective single center study
- Andrzej Molisz
- Piotr Gutknecht
- Bartosz Trzeciak
- Tomasz Winiarski
- Walenty M. Nyka
- Tomasz Dziubich
- Janusz Siebert
2016 Pełny tekst Family Medicine & Primary Care Review
Background. Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in Poland, in the European Union and in the United States. Awareness related to the risk factors, particularly the modifiable ones, is of crucial importance in general practice and may improve early and long-term prognoses. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors and half-year survival rate in patients with ischemic stroke in the period 2011-2015. Material and methods. The study involved 70 patients (30 women and 40 men) with ischemic stroke. The mean age of the patients was 71.4 +/- 9.6 years (71.7 +/- 10.8 years in women and 71.2 +/- 8.6 in men). On the basis of an interview, physical examination and additional tests the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases were determined. Half-year survival data were obtained based on telephone surveys and the records of the Office of the Registrar of Vital Statistics. Results. It was found that the most common risk factors were arterial hypertension, overweight states and obesity, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation and smoking (67.1%; 65.7%; 38.6%; 38.6%; 28.6%; 24.3%, respectively). 39 out of 47 patients with arterial hypertension (83.0%) took hypotensives, and out of 20 patients with atrial fibrillation only 9 patients (45%) took anticoagulants. The half-year survival rate was 84.3% (59 survivors). 3 patients died in hospital (in the first week after stroke) and 8 patients died following hospital discharge, during ambulatory treatment. Conclusions. The risk of death is highest during the first 3 months after an ischemic stroke episode. The general practitioner plays a central role in the prevention of ischemic stroke.
ISLAMIC TAKAFUL: CZY SKUTECZNIE ZASTĄPIŁ UBEZPIECZENIA KOMERCYJNE? : ISLAMIC TAKAFUL: HAS IT SUCCESSFULLY SUBSTITUTED CONVENTIONAL INSURANCE?
- Rafał Komorowski
- Katarzyna Kubiszewska
2016 Pełny tekst PRACE NAUKOWE UNIWERSYTETU EKONOMICZNEGO WE WROCŁAWIU
Islamic finance is a fast developing sector mainly present in the Middle East, South-East Asia, Central Asia and to a smaller extent in Africa and Central Europe. Together with the rebirth of Islam in the second half of the 20th century, Islamic finance tends to cover the economic needs of all Muslims (including insurances). The Islamic finance system is based on several principles including three main prohibitions: Gharar (deceptive uncertainty), Riba (usury) and Maysir (gambling). The concept of conventional insurance is based on rules that are contradictory to those principles and this poses a challenge for developing Islamic insurances. A comparative analysis approach was utilised to prove whether Takaful’s customers would receive at least equal value as the customers who would decide for the conventional insurance. As the success of this substitution the authors have taken the complementarity of Takaful’s deliverables and functions in comparison to the traditional insurance model. This study also aims to examine how the Islamic finance sector has responded to the growing demand for insurance products across Muslims, whilst remaining within the principles. The authors also attempt to examine the core differences between conventional insurance and its Islamic equivalent (Takaful). Apart from the research goals, the authors also want to popularize knowledge about alternative financial products. For the research secondary data were collected from books, articles and Internet resources such as Thomson Reuters’ databases. The authors have used literature studies and secondary research of both a qualitative and quantitative nature.
Isolation and characterization of Acid Soluble Collagen from the Skin of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua)
- Robert Tylingo
- Szymon Mania
- Panek Anna
- Rafał Piątek
- Roman Pawłowicz
2016 Pełny tekst Journal of Biotechnology & Biomaterials
Acid-soluble collagen (ASC) from the fish skin of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Salmon (Salmo salar) and Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) was extracted and characterized. The ASC extraction yield was 75%, 73% and 68%, respectively. The denaturation and melting temperatures of African catfish ASC (29.3°C and 100.0°C) were significantly higher than ASC of Salmon and Baltic cod (20.6°C and 90.5°C; 15.2°C and 86.7°C, respectively), assessed by differential scanning calorimetry. The SDS-PAGE profile showed that each of tested ASC was the type I collagen and consisted of two different α chains, α1 and α2, as well as a β component. The FTIR spectra of all collagens indicate that the overall their chemical compositions are quite similar. The fish skin collagen is easy to prepare and represents a possible resource for use on industrial scale.
Issues of Estimating the Maximum Distributed Generation at High Wind Power Participation
- Krzysztof Dobrzyński
2016 Pełny tekst Acta Energetica
This paper presents the methods of estimating the maximum power that can be connected to the power system in distributed generation sources. Wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) were selected as the subject for analysis. Nonetheless, the considerations presented in this paper are only general and also apply to other types of power sources, including the sources that are not considered part of distributed generation.