2021 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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Metal (Mo, W, Ti) Carbide Catalysts: Synthesis and Application as Alternative Catalysts for Dry Reforming of Hydrocarbons—A Review
- Natalia Czaplicka
- Andrzej Rogala
- Izabela Wysocka
2021 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Dry reforming of hydrocarbons (DRH) is a pro-environmental method for syngas production. It owes its pro-environmental character to the use of carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. Currently used nickel catalysts on oxide supports suffer from rapid deactivation due to sintering of active metal particles or the deposition of carbon deposits blocking the flow of gases through the reaction tube. In this view, new alternative catalysts are highly sought after. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) can potentially replace traditional nickel catalysts due to their stability and activity in DR processes. The catalytic activity of carbides results from the synthesis-dependent structural properties of carbides. In this respect, this review presents the most important methods of titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten carbide synthesis and the influence of their properties on activity in catalyzing the reaction of methane with carbon dioxide.
Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Cancer Therapy
- Mohammad Saeb
- Navid Rabiee
- Masoud Mozafari
- Francis Verpoort
- Leonid G. Voskressensky
- Rafael Luque
2021 Pełny tekst Materials
MOFs exhibit inherent extraordinary features for diverse applications ranging from catalysis, storage, and optics to chemosensory and biomedical science and technology. Several procedures including solvothermal, hydrothermal, mechanochemical, electrochemical, and ultrasound techniques have been used to synthesize MOFs with tailored features. A continued attempt has also been directed towards functionalizing MOFs via “post-synthetic modification” mainly by changing linkers (by altering the type, length, functionality, and charge of the linkers) or node components within the MOF framework. Additionally, efforts are aimed towards manipulating the size and morphology of crystallite domains in the MOFs, which are aimed at enlarging their applications window. Today’s knowledge of artificial intelligence and machine learning has opened new pathways to elaborate multiple nanoporous complex MOFs and nano-MOFs (NMOFs) for advanced theranostic, clinical, imaging, and diagnostic purposes. Successful accumulation of a photosensitizer in cancerous cells was a significant step in cancer therapy. The application of MOFs as advanced materials and systems for cancer therapy is the main scope beyond this perspective. Some challenging aspects and promising features in MOF-based cancer diagnosis and cancer therapy have also been discussed.
Metals and metal-binding ligands in wine: Analytical challenges in identification.
- Magdalena Fabjanowicz
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
2021 TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Background Due to important role of metals in the vinification process as well as their impact on the human health, their content in this alcoholic beverage has been extensively studied by many researchers. It is already known that speciation of metals determines their toxicity and bioavailability as well as influences their activity. Understanding the chemistry and knowing the structures of metal complexes could have relevant influence on more effective approaches for prevention of some diseases including cancer. Thus, monitoring and studying the metal complexation process, structures of metal complexes present in wine, as well as their stability, is crucial. Scope and approach In this review the main developments in the metal complex identification in wine samples are described. The study emphasizes metal complexes with two ligand groups such as polyphenols and organic acids as a group of compounds well known for their health-beneficial nature. Key findings and conclusions Complexity of the wine matrix related with the presence of numerous organic compounds makes the examination of wine in the context of metal complexes identification a highly challenging task. Metals and metal complexes are present in low concentrations, which can potentially cause interferences during an analytical process. Currently, the most promising technique that can be used for metal complex identification is ESI-MS coupled with separation technique such as liquid chromatography.
Metamaterial-Based Sub-Microwave Electromagnetic Field Energy Harvesting System
- Mikołaj Nowak
2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES
This paper presents the comprehensive analysis of the sub-microwave, radio frequency band resonant metastructures’ electromagnetic properties with a particular emphasis on the possibility of their application in energy harvesting systems. Selected structures based on representative topologies of metamaterials have been implemented in the simulation environment. The models have been analyzed and their substitute average electromagnetic parameters (absorption, reflection, transmission and homogenized permeability coefficients) have been determined. On the basis of simulation research, prototypes of electromagnetic field two-dimensional absorbers have been manufactured and verified experimentally in the proposed test system. The absorber has been implemented as a component of the low-cost energy harvesting system with a high-frequency rectifier and a voltage multiplier, obtaining usable DC energy from the electromagnetic field in certain frequency bands. The energy efficiency of the system has been determined and the potential application in energy harvesting technology has been assessed.
Method for the correlation coefficient estimation of the bottom echo signal in the shallow water application using interferometric echo sounder
- Piotr Grall
- Jacek Marszal
2021 Pełny tekst Vibrations in Physical Systems
The article presents a new method for the assessment of bottom echo correlation coefficient in the presence of multiple echoes. Bottom correlation coefficient is a parameter that characterizes spatial properties of echo signal. Large variability of the bottom shape or properties (for example caused by the presence of bottom objects) and the presence of the acoustic shadow strongly influence the value of the correlation coefficient. There is a problem, however, in the proper determination of correlation coefficient of the bottom echo when more than one echo is present. In the shallow water application, the echoes coming to the hydroacoustic array from various directions influence the measured value of the correlation coefficient. The method proposed by the authors challenges this issue by applying a subarray processing based on the initial depth estimation. The article presents the preliminary research results and describes the limitations of the proposed method.
Methodology for determining the elemental composition, as well as energy and ignition properties of the low-sulfur marine fuels
- Zbigniew Korczewski
2021 Pełny tekst Combustion Engines
The key metrological issue of substance and energy balance in research engines is the precise determination of the elemental composition of the applied fuel and its net calorific value. This makes it possible to calculate the amount of heat brought with the fuel into the combustion chamber, as well as the amount and gas composition of the exhaust. However, to fully assess the energy quality of the fuel used, its ignition properties should also be estimated. They determine the combustion kinetics and, consequently, the course of gas pressure alterations and heat release in the cylinder, which have a direct impact on the indicated power and thermal efficiency of the engine. This article presents the methodology for carrying out this type of laboratory tests and their representative results concerning six different low-sulfur marine fuels used to feed marine engines at present. The considerations focus mainly on measurement technology, as well as the measuring apparatus applied today. Additionally some existing metrological difficulties that might be met were shortly described. The laboratory tests in question stand for the first stage of the program of testing a new kind of low-sulfur marine fuels in real operating conditions of a diesel engine, which was carried out at the Department of Ship Power Plants of the Gdańsk University of Technology.
Methodology for the Correction of the Spatial Orientation Angles of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Real Time GNSS, a Shoreline Image and an Electronic Navigational Chart
- Krzysztof Naus
- Piotr Szymak
- Paweł Piskur
- Maciej Niedziela
- Aleksander Nowak
- Pawel Piskur
2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES
Undoubtedly, Low-Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more common in marine applications. Equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) receiver for highly accurate positioning, they perform camera and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) measurements. Unfortunately, these measurements may still be subject to large errors-mainly due to the inaccuracy of measurement of the optical axis of the camera or LiDAR sensor. Usually, UAVs use a small and light Inertial Navigation System (INS) with an angle measurement error of up to 0.5 deg. (RMSE). The methodology for spatial orientation angle correction presented in the article allows the reduction of this error even to the level of 0.01 deg. (RMSE). It can be successfully used in coastal and port waters. To determine the corrections, only the Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) and an image of the coastline are needed.
Methodology of Selecting the Optimal Receptor to Create an Electrochemical Immunosensor for Equine Arteritis Virus Protein Detection
- Mateusz Brodowski
- Marcin Kowalski
- Wioleta Białobrzeska
- Katarzyna Pałka
- Rafał Walkusz
- Justyna Roguszczak
- Tomasz Łęga
- Marta Sosnowska
- Małgorzata Biedulska
- Joanna Kreczko Kurzawa
- Ewelina Bięga
- Joanna Wysocka
- Marta Lisowska
- Katarzyna Niedźwiedzka
- Tomasz Lipiński
- Sabina Żołędowska
- Dawid Nidzworski
2021 Pełny tekst Chemosensors
The study reports a methodology of selecting the optimal receptor to create an electrochemical immunosensor for equine arteritis virus (EAV) protein detection. The detection was based on antigen recognition by antibodies immobilized on gold electrodes. Modification steps were controlled by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry measurements. In order to obtain the impedance immunosensor with the best parameters, seven different receptors complementary to equine arteritis virus protein were used. In order to make the selection, a rapid screening test was carried out to check the sensor’s response to blank, extremely low and high concentrations of target EAV protein, and negative sample: M protein from Streptococcus equi and glycoprotein G from Equid alphaherpesvirus 1. F6 10G receptor showed the best performance.
Methods of Determining Pressure Drop in Internal Channels of a Hydraulic Motor
- Paweł Śliwiński
- Piotr Patrosz
2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES
In this paper, new methods for determining the pressure drop in internal channels of a hydraulic motor are proposed and described. Mathematical models of pressure losses in internal channels have also been described. Experimental tests of the satellite motor were carried out according to one of the proposed methods. The tests were carried out for two liquids, i.e., water and mineral oil. Experimental studies have shown that at a high flow rate in the motor supplied with water the pressure losses are a dozen or so percent greater than in the motor supplied with oil. However, at low flow rates is the inverse, that is, the pressure losses in the motor supplied with water are about ten percent lower than in the motor supplied with oil. The CFD calculation of the pressure drop in the internal channel of the motor was also conducted. It was assumed that holes in the commutation unit plate are placed face to face and that the liquid did not cause changes in the working chambers’ volume. In this way, it has been proven that those simplified assumptions can have up to a 50% difference in relation to the experimental tests.
Metoda doboru współczynników sztywności podpór mocujących podczas frezowania wielkogabarytowych przedmiotów podatnych z wykorzystaniem sterowania optymalnego w układzie semiaktywnym
- Krzysztof Kaliński
- Marek Galewski
- Michał Mazur
- Natalia Stawicka-Morawska
2021
W pracy zaproponowano nową metodę doboru w trybie on-line współczynników sztywności zamocowania wielkogabarytowego przedmiotu obrabianego do stołu frezarki, bazującą na koncepcji sterowania optymalnego przy energetycznym wskaźniku jakości w układzie we współrzędnych hybrydowych. Jednak znane z poprzednich opracowań autorskich równanie dynamiki wielowymiarowego układu sterowanego sprowadza się w tym przypadku do postaci, gdzie składowymi wektora sygnałów sterujących są chwilowe zmiany wartości współczynników sztywności podpór mocujących przedmiot. Wyznaczone w trybie on-line wartości współczynników sztywności, na bazie symulacji modelu obliczeniowego układu hybrydowego procesu frezowania, można następnie przybliżyć do tych wynikających z uprzedniego cechowania podpór. W proponowanej metodzie wykorzystano ponadto technikę sprzężenia modalnego, oraz zmodyfikowany energetyczny wskaźnik jakości (ZEWJ) uwzględniający energię pochodzącą od przyspieszeń drgań.
Metody bezpośrednie wykrywania przyczyn biokorozji
- Edyta Malinowska-Pańczyk
2021
W rozdziale omówiono teoretyczne podstawy oznaczania najważniejszych grup drobnoustrojów powodujących biokorozję
METODY IDENTYFIKACJI STANÓW NIEZDATNOŚCI EKSPLOATACYJNEJ ŁOŻYSK TOCZNYCH W OKRĘTOWYCH UKŁADACH NAPĘDOWYCH Z WYKORZYSTANIEM METODY IMPULSÓW UDAROWYCH
- Konrad Marszałkowski
2021 Pełny tekst Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
Rozpatrując okrętowe zespoły napędowe z punktu widzenia transmisji energii mechanicznej największym zagrożeniem dla ich niezawodności jest utrata stabilności układu mechanicznego, co zazwyczaj objawia się zwiększeniem amplitudy drgań mechanicznych. Zwiększeniu tych drgań towarzyszy wzrost amplitudy okresowo zmiennych naprężeń wewnętrznych co jest prostą i nieuniknioną drogą do uszkodzenia znajdujących się w tym układzie łożysk. W artykule przybliżono istotę metody impulsu udarowego służącej do diagnostyki łożysk tocznych jako alternatywę do szeroko stosowanej diagnostyki drganiowej.
Metrisability of managing of stream-systemic processes
- Radosław Drozd
- Jan Piwnik
2021 Pełny tekst Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy
To achieve the planned goal, in order to properly describe the manufacturing system management, six process stream functions were introduced. Non-dimensional flows of these functions in time can be empirically defined during the manufacturing process. They are interpreted as non-dimensional expenses. Maximum values for these functions in properly-managed processes equal one. Also, a global management function was introduced, being a sum of areas of circle sections delineated by functions of the streams and their respective weights. Stream weights in the manufacturing process signify the processes’ roles and importance in the system. The paper also provides a vector representation of a manufacturing process as a sum of stream vectors with their associated weights.
Metrisable assessment of the course of stream‑systemic processes in vector form in industry 4.0
- Radosław Drozd
- Radosław Wolniak
2021 Pełny tekst Quality and Quantity
The goal of this paper is to present an innovative conception how to use metrisable vector structure of a manufacturing process, based on quantitative relations between the activity of input streams, features of the product, and effect of losses; all of which are excellent practical solution for Industry 4.0, and in turn intelligent factories. This solution can be a usefull way in the process of building sustainable organization. A vector representation of manufacturing processes was formulated, one which is based in system engineering. Three manufacturing system state vectors were proposed. These are: input stream vector ϕ ⃗, product features vector ( P) ⃗ which is also referred to as quality vector, and losses vector ( S) ⃗. Scalar, vector, and mixed products of these vectors may form constitutive equations of manufacturing processes. The relations between the vectors ϕ ⃗, ( P) ⃗ ,( S) ⃗ provide a possibility for a metrisable, complex analysis and assessment of a contemporary manufacturing process. The paper shows practical methods for defining the size of the vector values within the process. The demonstrated vector description of stream-systemic processes can also be applied to non-material manufacturing.
Mg2+ Doping Effects on the Structural and Dielectric Properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 Ceramics Obtained by Mechanochemical Synthesis
- Piotr Dulian
- Wojciech Bąk
- Mateusz Piz
- Barbara Garbarz-Glos
- Olena V. Sachuk
- Krystyna Wieczorek-Ciurowa
- Agata Lisińska-Czekaj
- Dionizy Czekaj
2021 Pełny tekst Materials
In this study, ceramic CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and CaCu3−xMgxTi4O12 solid solutions in which 0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 were prepared by the mechanochemical method, realized by a high‐energy ball milling technique. The effects of the Mg2+ ion concentration and sintering time on the dielectric response in the prepared ceramics were investigated and discussed. It was demonstrated that, by the use of a sufficiently high energy of mechanochemical treatment, it is possible to produce a crystalline product after only 2 h of milling the mixture of the oxide substrates. Both the addition of magnesium ions and the longer sintering time of the mechanochemically‐produced ceramics cause excessive grain growth and significantly affect the dielectric properties of the materials. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that all of the as‐prepared solid solutions, CaCu3−xMgxTi4O12 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), regardless of the sintering time, exhibit a cubic perovskite single phase. The dielectric study showed two major contributions associated with the grains and the grain boundaries. The analysis of the electric modules of these ceramics confirmed the occurrence of Maxwell–Wagner type relaxation, which is dependent on the temperature.
MgPd2Sb : A Mg-based Heusler-type superconductor
- Michał Winiarski
- Gabriel Kuderowicz
- Karolina Górnicka
- Leszek Litzbarski
- Kamila Stolecka
- Bartlomiej Wiendlocha
- R.j. Cava
- Tomasz Klimczuk
2021 Pełny tekst PHYSICAL REVIEW B
We report the synthesis and physical properties of a full Heusler compound, MgPd2Sb, which we found toshow superconductivity belowTc=2.2K. MgPd2Sb was obtained by a two-step solid-state reaction methodand its purity and cubic crystal structure [Fm-3m,a=6.4523(1) Å] were confirmed by powder x-ray diffrac-tion. Normal and superconducting states were studied by electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, andheat capacity measurements. The results show that MgPd2Sb is a type-II, weak coupling superconductor(λe-p=0.53). The observed pressure dependence ofTc(Tc/p≈–0.23 K/GPa) is one of the strongest reportedfor a superconducting Heusler compound. The electronic structure, phonons, and electron-phonon coupling inMgPd2Sb were theoretically investigated. The obtained results are in agreement with the experiment, confirmingthe electron-phonon coupling mechanism of superconductivity. We compare the superconducting parameters tothose of all reported Heusler-type superconductors.
Miasto w kontekście uchwał krajobrazowych
- Magdalena Rembeza
2021 Zawód: Architekt
Krajobraz miejski jest zjawiskiem wizualnym, które oddaje charakter przestrzeni, a także określa jej tożsamość. Niestety, zagraża mu jednak powszechny chaos, przekładający się na negatywny wizerunek miasta. Za jedną z jego najistotniejszych przyczyn uznaje się ogromną liczbę reklam umieszczanych dowolnie w przestrzeni publicznej. Mimo że informacja wizualna stanowi nieodłączny element współczesnego miasta, istnieje głęboka potrzeba regulacji tych interwencji. Wraz z wejściem w życie ustawy gminy uzyskały kompetencje do wprowadzenia uchwały będącej aktem prawa miejscowego w sprawie lokalizacji reklam, obiektów małej architektury oraz ogrodzeń. Jednym z pierwszych miast, które zdecydowało się na sporządzenie i uchwalenie takiego dokumentu była Łódź. Za jej przykładem poszły inne, wśród których szczególnym przypadkiem jest Gdańsk.
Microbial and chemical quality assessment of the small rivers entering the South Baltic. Part I: Case study on the watercourses in the Baltic Sea catchment area
- Emilia Bączkowska
- Agnieszka Kalinowska
- Oskar Ronda
- Katarzyna Jankowska
- Rafał Bray
- Bartosz Płóciennik
- Żaneta Polkowska
2021 Pełny tekst Archives of Environmental Protection
The area of the Coastal Landscape Park (CLP) due to its location is extremely attractive touristic area. In the summer season, a significant increase in population density is observed, which influences surface water quality. Large numbers of tourists generate an increased amount of municipal wastewater, being treated in local treatment plants and discharged into rivers and streams. The paper presents preliminary research from summer 2016 on three watercourses ending in the Baltic Sea: Piaśnica, Karwianka and Czarna Wda rivers. It is a part of a long-term project conducted in CLP to assess surface waters quality. The scope of research included measurements of in situ parameters (temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen). Chemical Oxygen Demand was determined using a spectrophotometer. Ion chromatography was used to determine ions concentrations (including biogenic compounds). Sanitary state of watercourses was assessed based on fecal coliforms abundance, which number was determined by the cultivation method. The determination of microbiological parameters such as: prokaryotic cell abundance expressed as total cells number (TCN), prokaryotic cell biovolume expressed as average cell volume (ACV), the prokaryotic biomass (PB) and prokaryotic cell morphotype diversity was determined using epifluorescence microscopy method. Results showed that water quality of Piaśnica and Czarna Wda rivers were affected by discharged treated wastewater. In the case of Karwianka River, the main pollution source could be surface runoff from fields and unregulated sewage management in this area. The conducted research confirmed the urgent need for better protection of this area to conserve both its ecosystem and value for tourism.
Micro-modelling of shear localization during quasi-static confined granular flow in silos using DEM
- Aleksander Grabowski
- Michał Nitka
- Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
2021 COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
The paper deals with the quasi-static confined flow of cohesionless sand in a plane strain model silo with parallel walls and a slowly movable bottom. Numerical modelling was carried out by the discrete element method (DEM) using spheres with contact moments to approximately capture a non-uniform shape of sand particles. Different initial void ratios of sand and silo wall roughness grades were employed. Regular triangular grooves (asperities) with the same inclination and a different height were used to describe the varying wall surface topography. The emphasis was on the formation and evolution of both wall and internal shear zones during sand flow. DEM simulation outcomes were compared with corresponding model experiments and theoretical solutions. In addition, the particle displacements, particle rotations, normal contact forces, void ratios and wall stresses were evaluated. The numerical findings enhance the understanding of shear localization at the grain level during confined flow in silos and its strong impact on the magnitude, distribution and oscillation of wall stresses.
Microsphere structure application for supercapacitor in situ temperature monitoring
- Paulina Listewnik
- Mikhael Bechelany
- Małgorzata Szczerska
2021 Pełny tekst SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
Constant, real-time temperature monitoring of the supercapacitors for efficient energy usage is in high demand and seems to be crucial for further development of those elements. A fiber-optic sensor can be an effective optoelectronic device dedicated for in-situ temperature monitoring of supercapacitors. In this work, the application of the fiber-optic microstrucutre with thin zinc oxide (ZnO) coating fabricated in the atomic layer deposition process applied as a temperature sensor is reported. Such a structure was integrated with supercapacitors and used for the temperature measurements. Described sensors are built with the utility of the standard optical telecommunication fibers. The inner temperature of the supercapacitor was investigated in the range extending from 30 °C to 90 °C with a resolution equal to 5 °C. The sensitivity of temperature measurement is about 109.6 nW °C−1. The fitting of the sensor was achieved with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.97.