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  • Modelling of laminated glass PVB walls of buildings exposed to vehicle impact with different speeds
    • Karol Grębowski
    • Monika Zielińska
    2023 Pełny tekst ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    This paper presents an analytical model, developed for laminated glass subjected to a low-velocity impact. It has the ability to capture glass cracks as well as large non-linear deformations. It is based mathematically on the firstorder deformation concept, which considers the effect of membrane and transverse shear as well as bending. This theory uses damage mechanics to capture the glass cracking. For this purpose, several experiments have been carried out based on PVB laminated glass. The history of acceleration, transverse central displacement and velocity estimated over time is in a favourable relationship with the experimental information. In terms of laminated glass, non-dimensional coefficients have been suggested that regulate both the first peak contact force and the maximum transverse displacement. Laminated glass consists of several layers of soda-lime glass sheets bound together by intermediate layers of polyvinyl butyral (or PVB). Cracking of the glass layer is the main cause of laminated glass damage under both low and high-speed impacts. The main objective of the present article is to conduct experimental studies and numerical analyses of the glass ply cracking mechanism as part of the development of new strength parameters for PVB laminated glass. The non-linear characteristics of PVB are described using the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model. The present article proves that it is possible to precisely model a wall made of VSG (Verbund Sicherheits Glas) laminated glass reinforced with a vinyl interlayer of appropriate thickness, and further, that such walls can constitute an element absorbing the impact energy of vehicles with specific parameters such as a passenger car, buses, and HGVs (Heavy Goods Vehicle). Based on the results of our study, new parameters were elaborated to determine the properties of PVB laminated glass exposed to vehicle impact. These new parameters were verified qualitatively by comparing the simulation results with experimental observations. We also assessed the strength of a wall of adequate thickness made of laminated glass at the ground floor level of a building exposed to a high-risk terrorist attack. The developed analytical model allows for a quick and reliable assessment during the initial design of safety glass, where a full-scale FE analysis is often too time-consuming.

  • MODELLING OF THE VISCOSITY EFFECT OF HEAVE PLATES FOR FLOATING WIND TURBINES BY HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS
    • Ewelina Ciba
    • Paweł Dymarski
    2023 Pełny tekst Acta Mechanica et Automatica

    One of the methods of modelling the movement of floating wind turbines is the use of the diffraction method. However, this method does not take into account the influence of viscosity; therefore, in many cases, it needs to be extended with a matrix of appropriate coefficients. The effect of viscosity causes both the added mass coefficient and the damping coefficient to increase. The determined coefficients were entered into the ANSYS AQWA program, and the calculation results of the transfer function determined with the use of linear and quadratic damping were presented. The results were compared with the results of the experiment, indicating greater convergence for the quadratic mode

  • MODELOWANIE NUMERYCZNE ISTNIEJĄCYCH KONSTRUKCJI ŻELBETOWYCH
    • Andrzej Ambroziak
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Wykonywanie obliczeń wymaga zapoznania się nie tylko z rodzajem konstrukcji, typem elementu skończonego i liczbą stopni swobody w węźle lecz także z konwencją znakową obowiązująca w danym programie obliczeniowym. Znajomość teorii i rozwiązań analitycznych jest niezbędna do tworzenia modeli w MES i przy wykonywaniu obliczeń. Duży wpływ na poprawność analizy numerycznej oraz uzyskane wyniki symulacji mają takie parametry jak gęstość siatki elementów skończonych, sformułowanie elementu skończonego czy schemat całkowania równania ruchu.

  • Modelowanie systemów energetycznych wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła do celów planowania rozwoju - wybrane zagadnienia
    • Marcin Jaskólski
    2023

    Systemy energetyczne wymagają przemian technologicznych w kierunku neutralności klimatycznej. W Polsce, w której systemie elektroenergetycznym i systemach ciepłowniczych dominują przestarzałe elektrownie i ciepłownie węglowe, dążenie do minimalizacji wpływu na środowisko wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami. Dlatego należy szukać optymalnych ścieżek roz-woju energetyki, aby osiągnąć ambitne długoterminowe cele strategiczne, przy minimalizacji negatywnego wpływu na budżet domowy odbiorców. W monografii przedstawiono zarys ogólny polityki energetycznej Unii Europejskiej i Polski, a także scharakteryzowano procesy modelowania systemów energetycznych i omówiono wybrane narzędzia wspomagające. Obok opracowania kompendium wiedzy z zakresu modelowania dla celów planowania rozwoju, istotnym wkładem autora w rozwój dyscypliny jest propozycja oryginalnej metodyki modelo-wania rozwoju struktury wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła, zaimplementowanej w ist-niejącym już narzędziu planistycznym MARKAL. Przedstawiono wykorzystane w modelu zestawy danych. Do analiz wybrano dwa warianty prognozy zapotrzebowania na energię elek-tryczną i ciepło. Model opracowano w dwóch scenariuszach – bazowym i dekarbonizacji. Ten drugi jest rozwinięciem pierwszego, mającym na celu wskazanie ścieżki uniezależnienia się od paliw kopalnych w horyzoncie długoterminowym. Obliczenia potwierdzają istotną rolę ener-getyki jądrowej, wiatrowej i słonecznej w dążeniu do neutralności klimatycznej w zakresie wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła sieciowego. W scenariuszu bazowym z kolei model proponuje pozostanie przy technologiach węglowych stosujących układy wychwytu i składo-wania CO2. Zaproponowane ścieżki rozwoju gwarantują znaczącą redukcję emisji gazów cie-plarnianych i emisji przemysłowych. Jednakże całkowita neutralność klimatyczna, przy znajo-mości obecnego stopnia rozwoju technologicznego, jest obarczona wysokimi nakładami inwe-stycyjnymi i kosztami, których wielkości określono.

  • Modern era fortifications as public places = Fortyfikacje nowożytne jako miejskie przestrzenie publiczne
    • Grzegorz Bukal
    2023 Pełny tekst Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

    Fortyfikacje nowożytne tworzyły systemy budowli ziemnych oraz szerokich fos. Ich powierzchnia przekraczała często powierzchnię otoczonego nimi miasta. Utrata znaczenia obronnego oraz tendencje do wzrostu terytorialnego miast spowodowały konieczność zmiany funkcji fortyfikacji. W XIX i XX wieku były one rozbierane, a ich tereny zabudowywane lub przekształcane w przestrzeń publiczną. Zagospodarowanie i konserwacja tych obiektów są jednak problematyczne, zarówno ze względu na ich charakterystykę techniczną, jak i związane z ich przekształceniem konflikty interesów ekonomicznych, prawno-administracyjnych, urbanistycznych, krajobrazowych i ekologicznych.

  • Modifications to the anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) for enhanced understanding and application of the anaerobic treatment processes – A comprehensive review
    • Rongrong Mo
    • Wenjie Guo
    • Damien Batstone
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Yongmei Li
    2023 WATER RESEARCH

    Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising method for the recovery of resources and energy from organic wastes. Correspondingly, AD modelling has also been developed in recent years. The International Water Association (IWA) Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is currently the most commonly used structured AD model. However, as substrates become more complex and our understanding of the AD mechanism grows, both systematic and specific modifications have been applied to the ADM1. Modified models have provided a diverse range of application besides AD processes, such as fermentation and biogas upgrading processes. This paper reviews research on the modification of the ADM1, with a particular focus on processes, kinetics, stoichiometry and parameters, which are the major elements of the model. The paper begins with a brief introduction to the ADM1, followed by a summary of modifications, including extensions to the model structure, modifications to kinetics (including inhibition functions) and stoichiometry, as well as simplifications to the model. The paper also covers kinetic parameter estimation and validation of the model, as well as practical applications of the model to a variety of scenarios. The review highlights the need for improvements in simulating AD and biogas upgrading processes, as well as the lack of full-scale applications to other substrates besides sludge (such as food waste and agricultural waste). Future research directions are suggested for model development based on detailed understanding of the anaerobic treatment mechanisms, and the need to recover of valuable products.

  • Modified Peptide Molecules As Potential Modulators of Shelterin Protein Functions; TRF1
    • Wioletta Brankiewicz
    • Umesh Kalathiya
    • Monikaben Padariya
    • Katarzyna Wegrzyn
    • Maciej Prusinowski
    • Joanna Żebrowska
    • Agnieszka Zylicz-Stachula
    • Piotr Skowron
    • Marek Drab
    • Mariusz Szajewski
    • Maciej Ciesielski
    • Małgorzata Gawrońska
    • Anoop Kallingal
    • Mariusz Makowski
    • Maciej Bagiński
    2023 Pełny tekst CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL

    In this work, we present studies on relatively new and still not well-explored potential anticancer targets which are shelterin proteins, in particular the TRF1 protein can be blocked by in silico designed "peptidomimetic" molecules. TRF1 interacts directly with the TIN2 protein, and this protein-protein interaction is crucial for the proper functioning of telomere, which could be blocked by our novel modified peptide molecules. Our chemotherapeutic approach is based on assumption that modulation of TRF1-TIN2 interaction may be more harmful for cancer cells as cancer telomeres are more fragile than in normal cells. We have shown in vitro within SPR experiments that our modified peptide PEP1 molecule interacts with TRF1, presumably at the site originally occupied by the TIN2 protein. Disturbance of the shelterin complex by studied molecule may not in short term lead to cytotoxic effects, however blocking TRF1-TIN2 resulted in cellular senescence in cellular breast cancer lines used as a cancer model. Thus, our compounds appeared useful as starting model compounds for precise blockage of TRF proteins.

  • MOF/TiO2 erythrocyte-like heterostructures decorated by noble metals for use in hydrogen photogeneration and pollutant photodegradation
    • Mateusz Baluk
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Aleksandra Pieczyńska
    • Kostiantyn Nikiforow
    • Grzegorz Trykowski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Mateusz Adam Baluk
    2023 Catalysis Science & Technology

    Various metal–organic framework (MOF)/TiO2 heterostructures can be obtained by the partial hydrolysis or calcination of Ti-based MOFs. By adjusting the hydrolysis and calcination steps of NH2-MIL-125 (Ti), a novel photoactive material composed of a MOF (NH2-MIL-125 (Ti)) and TiO2, with a unique “erythrocyte” shape, was developed. Furthermore, modification of the composition prepared by the partial hydrolysis of NH2- MIL-125 (Ti) (h-MOF) using Au, Ag, Pt, or Pd metal nanoparticles resulted in a significant increase in the efficiency of hydrogen photogeneration. Higher photocatalytic properties are associated with the excitation of MOFs and TiO2, electron transfer, and electron accumulation on nanoparticles. Using the optimal hMOF/Au photocatalyst, 117 μmol g−1 h−1 of hydrogen was produced. On the other hand, composites (chMOFs) obtained by calcination of h-MOFs after modification with Au showed high efficiency in the photodegradation of phenol under the threshold of visible radiation (over 42 μmol dm−3 h−1 ). These properties are related to the generation of electrons by Au nanoparticles because of the corresponding localized surface plasmon resonance. This results in the formation of reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl and superoxide radicals) that decompose organic pollutants. Overall, the obtained materials have high porosity and photocatalytic stability, which are important for photocatalytic processes.

  • Molecular mechanism and energetics of coupling between substrate binding and product release in the F 1 -ATPase catalytic cycle
    • Michał Badocha
    • Miłosz Wieczór
    • Antoni Marciniak
    • Cyprian Kleist
    • Helmut Grubmüller
    • Jacek Czub
    2023 Pełny tekst PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

    F1-ATPase is a motor protein that couples the rotation of its rotary γ subunit with ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Single-molecule experiments indicate that nucleotide binding and release events occur almost simultaneously during the synthesis cycle, allowing the energy gain due to spontaneous binding of ADP to one catalytic β subunit to be directly harnessed for driving the release of ATP from another rather than being dissipated as heat. Here, we examine the unknown mechanism of this coupling that is critical for an exceptionally high mechanochemical efficiency of F1-ATPase by means of all-atom free-energy simulations. We find that nondissipative and kinetically fast progression of the motor in the synthesis direction requires a concerted conformational change involving the closure of the ADP-binding β subunit followed by the gradual opening of the ATP-releasing β subunit over the course of the 30 to 40° rotary substep of the γ subunit. This rotary substep, preceding the ATP-dependent metastable state, allows for the recovery of a large portion of the ADP binding energy in the conformation of ATP-bound β that gradually adopts the low-affinity conformation, captured also by the recent cryo-EM structure of this elusive state. The release of ATP from this nearly open conformation leads to its further opening, which enables the progression of the motor to the next catalytic metastable state. Our simulations explain this energy conversion mechanism in terms of intersubunit and ligand–protein interactions.

  • Monitoring of a historic sacral building on an example Basilica St. Nicholas in Gdańsk
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2023 Pełny tekst Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

    he paper describes the case of monitoring the technical condition of a historic sacral building after a failure and during renovation works. In order to monitor the condition of the building, safely conduct diagnostic work, identify the causes of failures andsafely carry out renovation works, a detailed Facility Monitoring Program has been developed, which has been implemented, is operational and is a source of valuable data used to assess the current condition of the facility.

  • Monitorowanie oddziaływania ruchu kolejowego na środowisko - koncepcje i metody realizacji.
    • Piotr Chrostowski
    • Andrzej Wilk
    • Krzysztof Karwowski
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    • Roksana Licow
    • Wojciech Rafajłowicz
    • Adam Ratajczak
    • Radosław Idzikowski
    • Marek Szafrański
    • Tadeusz Widerski
    • Karol Daliga
    • Jacek Skibicki
    • Leszek Jarzębowicz
    • Michał Michna
    • Sławomir Judek
    • Paweł Bawolski
    • Roman Grot
    • Julia Omilianowicz
    2023

    W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia projektu badawczego, realizowanego w ramach Wspólnego Przedsięwzięcia NCBR i PKP PLK pn. „Badania i Rozwój w Infrastrukturze Kolejowej – BRIK 2”, dotyczącego opracowania systemu monitorującego, integrującego i przetwarzającego gromadzone dane związane z hałasem i drganiami na potrzeby zarządzania procesami utrzymaniowymi i inwestycyjnymi zarządcy infrastruktury kolejowej. W efekcie końcowym powstanie prototyp przenośnego, elastycznego funkcjonalnie systemu pomiarowego, złożonego z zestawu odpowiednich sensorów rozlokowanych w przestrzeni obejmującej wyselekcjonowany obszar wzdłuż linii kolejowej. W rezultacie powstanie kompleksowe narzędzie do pomiaru, analizy i automatycznego wsparcia procesów decyzyjnych.

  • Monolithic capsule phase microextraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in environmental water samples
    • Antonio Ferracane
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Abuzar Kabir
    • Kenneth G. Furton
    • Peter Q. Tranchida
    • George A. Zachariadis
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Luigi Mondello
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Erwin Rosenberg
    2023 Pełny tekst MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    In this study, a capsule phase microextraction (CPME) protocol followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is proposed for the accurate and sensitive monitoring of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental water samples. Different monolithic sol–gel encapsulated sorbents were compared and monolithic sol–gel poly(ethylene glycol)-based sorbent incorporated into porous microextraction capsules resulted in the highest extraction efficiency. Following the selection of the microextraction device, the CPME conditions were optimized, while linearity, limits detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), accuracy, and precision were the figures-of-merit measured. Under optimum conditions the LODs for the OCPs ranged between 0.01 ng mL−1 and 0.03 ng mL−1. The relative standard deviations were better than 5.3 % and 9.2 % for intra-day and inter-day study, respectively. The relative recoveries ranged between 90.5 and 105.2 % (intra-day) and 93.0–105.0 % (inter-day), demonstrating good method trueness. Finally, the proposed protocol was implemented for the monitoring of OCPs in tap, river, pond, and lake water. The developed method presents better analytical features than existing methods.

  • Monte Carlo simulations of the fracture resistance degradation of asphalt concrete subjected to environmental factors
    • Cezary Szydłowski
    • Łukasz Smakosz
    • Marcin Stienss
    • Jarosław Górski
    2023 Pełny tekst Archives of Civil Engineering

    The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of SCB (semi-circular beam) samples of asphalt concrete, subjected to the destructive effect of water and frost as well as the aging processes. The determined values of material parameters show significant dispersions, which makes the design of mixtures difficult. Statistical analysis of the test results supplemented by computer simulations made with the use of the proprietary FEM model was carried out. The main distinguishing feature of the model is the assignment of material parameters of coarse aggregate and bituminous mortar to randomly selected finite elements. The parameters of the mortar are selected by trial and error to match the numerical results to the experimental ones. The stiffness modulus of the bituminous mortar is, therefore, a substitute parameter, taking into account the influence of many factors, including material degradation resulting from the aging and changing environmental conditions, the influence of voids, and contact between the aggregate and the bituminous mortar. The use of the Monte Carlo method allows to reflect the scattering of the results obtained based on laboratory tests. The computational algorithm created in the ABAQUS was limited only to the analysis of the global mechanical bending response of the SCB sample, without mapping the failure process in detail. The combination of the results of laboratory tests usually carried out on a limited number of samples and numerical simulations provide a sufficiently large population of data to carry out a reliable statistical analysis, and to estimate the reliability of the material designed.

  • Morphology control through the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks
    • Justyna Łuczak
    • Malwina Kroczewska
    • Mateusz Baluk
    • Jakub Sowik
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Mateusz Adam Baluk
    2023 Pełny tekst ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

    Designable morphology and predictable properties are the most challenging goals in material engineering. Features such as shape, size, porosity, agglomeration ratio significantly affect the final properties of metal- organic frameworks (MOFs) and can be regulated throughout synthesis parameters but require a deep under- standing of the mechanisms of MOFs formation. Herein, we systematically summarize the effects of the indi- vidual synthesis factors, such as pH of reaction mixture, including acidic or basic character of modulators, temperature, solvents types, surfactants type and content and ionic liquids on the morphology of growing MOFs. We identified main mechanisms of MOFs’ growth leading to different morphology of final particles and next systematically discuss the effect of miscellaneous parameters on MOFs morphology based on the main mecha- nisms related to the nucleation, growth and formation of final MOFs structure, including coordination modu- lation, protonation/deprotonation acting and modulation by surfactants or capping agents. The effect of microwaves and ultrasound employment during synthesis is also considered due to their affecting especially nucleation and particles growing steps during MOFs formation

  • MoS2-containing composite membranes for separation of environmental energy-relevant liquid and gas mixtures: A comprehensive review
    • Farooque Janjhi
    • Imamdin Chandio
    • Dahar Janwery
    • Ayaz Ali Memon
    • Khalid Hussain Thebo
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Vahid Vatanpour
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    2023 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN

    Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) materials adapted into membranes have demonstrated potential for different areas dealing with molecular separations. For instance, MoS2-based membranes have been proposed for distinct environmental applications, such as water treatment, seawater desalination, gas separation, and solvent separation. Emergently, such membranes have been ultimately investigated for energy-relevant gas separation mixtures, such as CO2 separation, H2 purification, and bioethanol upgrading, among others. Therefore, this review elucidates the latest research (over the last three years) on MoS2-based membranes facing previous approaches. Firstly, a brief introduction to the physiochemical properties of MoS2-based materials. Secondly, a particular emphasis has been devoted to fabrication procedures and their effects on molecular separation in membrane processes, highlighting the most relevant outcomes and the transport mechanism reported by the research community in water treatment and purification, gas separation, and pervaporation. Finally, an analysis is conducted on the separation and stability mechanisms associated with membranes consisting of layer-stacked MoS2. This research endeavor progressions in MoS2-based membranes, consequently fostering the advancement of further membranes derived from two-dimensional materials. These membranes exhibit potential for improving efficiency and mitigating the energy consumption linked to water treatment and purification processes.

  • Most Kolejowy im. Ernesta Malinowskiego przez rzekę Wisłę w Toruniu. Eksperymentalna identyfikacja współczynnika dynamicznego elementów pomostu.
    • Krzysztof Żółtowski
    • Przemysław Kalitowski
    • Mikołaj Binczyk
    2023

    W artykule omówiono problematykę obliczania współczynnika dynamicznego poprzecznicy końcowej klasycznego mostu kratowego z jezdnią otwartą. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwość obliczenia współczynnika dynamicznego w zależności od źródła naprężeń. Przykład obliczeniowy wykazał 30% redukcję wartości naprężeń od ruchomych obciążeń w SGN przy nierównomiernym współczynniku dynamicznym. Obliczenia numeryczne i badania terenowe przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem czujników tensometrycznych. Walidację numerycznego modelu MES przeprowadzono poprzez porównanie obliczeń dynamicznych dla pociągu testowego z wynikami pomiarów. W badaniach terenowych rozpatrywanego mostu uzyskano znacznie niższe wartości współczynników przewyższenia dynamicznego niż te, które podyktował normowy współczynnik dynamiczny. Przeprowadzono również obliczenia numeryczne przy użyciu pociągów HSLM i Real Trains w celu zidentyfikowania współczynnika wzmocnienia dynamicznego.

  • Motion Trajectory Prediction in Warehouse Management Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
    • Jakub Belter
    • Marek Hering
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2023 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    Background: In the context of Warehouse Management Systems, knowledge related to motion trajectory prediction methods utilizing machine learning techniques seems to be scattered and fragmented. Objective: This study seeks to fill this research gap by using a systematic literature review approach. Methods: Based on the data collected from Google Scholar, a systematic literature review was performed, covering the period from 2016 to 2023. The review was driven by a protocol that comprehends inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant papers. Results: Considering the Warehouse Management Systems, five categories of motion trajectory prediction methods have been identified: Deep Learning methods, probabilistic methods, methods for solving the Travelling-Salesman problem (TSP), algorithmic methods, and others. Specifically, the performed analysis also provides the research community with an overview of the state-of-the-art methods, which can further stimulate researchers and practitioners to enhance existing and develop new ones in this field.

  • Możliwości integracji projektów sztuki nowych mediów w procesy odnowy przestrzeni miejskiej
    • Katarzyna Szakajło
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Zadaniem badawczym podjętym w rozprawie było wykazanie możliwość integracji projektów sztuki nowych mediów w procesy odnowy przestrzeni miejskiej. Wyodrębniono cztery etapy procesów odnowy miast: diagnozę, planowanie, realizację oraz ewaluację. Wskazano, że na etapie diagnozy sztuka nowych mediów może między innymi wspierać proces zbierania i wizualizacji danych, informować mieszkańców o stanie środowiska miejskiego. Na etapie planowania sztuka nowych mediów może pomóc włączać mieszkańców w procesy partycypacyjne, wzmacniać identyfikację z przestrzenią oraz służyć jako projekty pilotażowe. Na etapie realizacji obiekty sztuki nowych mediów okazują się być pomocniczym narzędziem w aktywizacji mieszkańców czy tworzeniu nowych połączeń pomiędzy rozdzielonymi fragmentami miasta. Na etapie ewaluacji wspierają monitoring wpływu podjętych działań na funkcjonowanie przestrzeni i jej odbiór. W pracy wykazano, że dla każdego etapu procesu odnowy dopasować można szczególnie efektywnie wspierający go rodzaj sztuki nowych mediów. Określono trzy parametry: tryb interakcji użytkownika z obiektem sztuki, poziom zaangażowania użytkownika oraz rodzaj interfejsu pośredniczącego w interakcji użytkownika z obiektem sztuki nowych mediów. Parametry te szczegółowo określają zależność pomiędzy oczekiwanym efektem oddziaływania sztuki nowych mediów a rodzajem obiektu, który służy osiągnięciu tego efektu.

  • Multi-Channel Virtual Instrument for Measuring Temperature—A Case Study
    • Romuald Maśnicki
    • Dariusz Świsulski
    2023 Pełny tekst Electronics

    The article presents the hardware and software configuration of the developed multi-channel temperature measurement system as well as calibration procedures and measurement results verifying the properties of measurement channels. The system has been developed and dedicated primarily for measuring the temperature distribution in a laboratory model simulating underground power lines. With the adopted configuration of the analog part of each measurement channel, the main functions in the system developed as a virtual instrument are performed in its software. The instrument input circuits contain NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistors used as temperature sensors. The resistance of each of the thermistors connected in the voltage divider circuits is converted into a voltage. The obtained voltages in the measurement channels, after analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), are processed in subsequent operations in the instrument’s software. In addition to the basic function of the device, which is the multi-channel temperature measurement, the operations of identifying the characteristics of the thermistors used and calibrating each of the individual measurement channels are performed. The article contains sample results of the calibration of measurement channels and temperature verification measurements used to evaluate the properties of the developed system. The obtained inaccuracy of the temperature measurement in each of the channels is less than 0.4 °C.

  • Multifunctional Bandpass Filter/Displacement Sensor Component
    • Zahra Shaterian
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2023 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    This paper presents the design and realization of a multifunctional bandpassfilter/displacement-sensor using an edge-coupled microstrip bandpass filter loaded by a pair of split ring resonators (SRRs). It is shown that while the structure acts as a bandpass filter at its operating frequency, the phase of the reflection coefficient from a movable loading resonator at the resonance frequency of the resonator can be used for displacement sensing. With this aim, and to avoid any interference with the filter functionality, the resonance frequency of the SRRs is chosen within the stopband of the bandpass filter, where all the input signal is reflected back to the input port. Therefore, moving the loading resonators does not have any adverse effect on the filtering performance. To validate the concept, a fifth-order Chebyshev bandpass filter with a feed line loaded with a pair of SRRs is designed and the numerical evaluation of the proposed multifunctional bandpass-filter/displacement-sensor is provided. The proposed multifunctional component is also validated through fabrication and measurement. It is shown that the proposed component has a sensitivity of 8◦ /mm at the designed frequency of SRRs. However, the sensitivity can be increased by scaling the SRRs to resonate at a higher frequency within the upper stopband of the filter.