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  • Nanoparticles: Taking a Unique Position in Medicine
    • Tomy Muringayil Joseph
    • Debarshi Kar Debarshi
    • Amin Esmaeili
    • Łukasz Piszczyk
    • S. Mohamed Hasanin
    • Kattali Mashhoor
    • Józef Haponiuk
    • Sabu Thomas
    2023 Nanomaterials

    The human nature of curiosity, wonder, and ingenuity date back to the age of humankind. In parallel with our history of civilization, interest in scientific approaches to unravel mechanisms underlying natural phenomena has been developing. Recent years have witnessed unprecedented growth in research in the area of pharmaceuticals and medicine. The optimism that nanotechnology (NT) applied to medicine and drugs is taking serious steps to bring about significant advances in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease—a shift from fantasy to reality. The growing interest in the future medical applications of NT leads to the emergence of a new field for nanomaterials (NMs) and biomedicine. In recent years, NMs have emerged as essential game players in modern medicine, with clinical applications ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for drug and gene delivery into tumors. Indeed, there are instances where nanoparticles (NPs) enable analyses and therapies that cannot be performed otherwise. However, NPs also bring unique environmental and societal challenges, particularly concerning toxicity. Thus, clinical applications of NPs should be revisited, and a deep understanding of the effects of NPs from the pathophysiologic basis of a disease may bring more sophisticated diagnostic opportunities and yield more effective therapies and preventive features. Correspondingly, this review highlights the significant contributions of NPs to modern medicine and drug delivery systems. This study also attempted to glimpse the future impact of NT in medicine and pharmaceuticals.

  • Nanostructured biocatalysis for biotechnological applications
    • Areej Shahbaz
    • Nazim Hussain
    • Ayesha Mumtaz
    • José R. Guimarães
    • Paulo W. Tardioli
    • Roberto Fernández-Lafuente
    • Hafiz M.N. Iqbal
    • Muhammad Bilal
    2023

    The purpose immobilization process is to enhance the performance of an enzyme for commercial processes. A large number of structures have been reported in the literature to boost the effectiveness of immobilized enzymes. The nanomaterials have the optimal properties for equilibrating key parameters that govern the performance of biocatalysts, such as high enzyme loading ability, specific surface area, and mass transfer resistance. With the advent of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have emerged as novel and intriguing matrices for enzyme immobilization due to their distinct physicochemical features. Immobilizing enzymes on functionalized nanostructured materials may improve nano-biocatalyst stability while maintaining the free enzyme activity and allowing for facile recyclability under various settings. It is essential for the successful implementation of enzyme-based industrial processes. This chapter reviews recent advances in the study and application of various classes of nanostructured materials for enzyme immobilization (nanocrystals, nanostructured supportive material, carbon nanotubes, nanofibers, nanoparticles, and composite materials), as well as some examples of their use in the development of biologically active systems. Nanoparticles as an immobilization matrix are also examined for their benefits and drawbacks. To improve the state of enzyme immobilization and bring new perspectives to the industrial sector, future research should be focused on using novel approaches and innovatively adapted support materials.

  • Narratives on cutting down trees on private land. A comparison of urban and rural municipalities in Poland using the Q-deliberation method
    • Krzysztof Mączka
    • Piotr Matczak
    • Marcin Mielewczyk
    • Patrycja Przewoźna
    • Adam Inglot
    • Piotr Wężyk
    • Karolina Zięba-kulawik
    • Paweł Hawryło
    2023 LAND USE POLICY

    Increased development in rural and urban areas leads to a decrease in tree cover and reduces the ecosystem services that trees provide. Municipal authorities must consider managing trees on private land to ensure that residents have access to trees and green spaces. In doing so, they must frequently confront conflicting stakeholder views, which are driven by diverse public and private interests and impacted by the type of landscape in question. In this paper, we investigate stakeholders’ views on tree removing on privately owned land, as represented by narratives about tree management in urban and rural municipalities, to assess whether a deliberation process can alter these views. We rely on the theory of wicked problems and apply two measurements by Q-method in two municipalities in Poland (N = 38 in both cases), with an intervening deliberation session between each measurement. The results reveal that, before the deliberation, narratives were divided mainly around the issue of where the right to decide about tree removing should reside. This division was visible in both municipalities, but was particularly pronounced in the rural one. The division was sharp and straightforward, and was linked with deeply shared values. After the deliberation, the narratives shifted and a new division emerged around the issue of how to organize the decision-making process and decision-making criteria. Moreover, after deliberation, the narratives of participants from both municipalities coalesced to a much greater extent than previously. The results prove that, although wicked problems do not have unambiguous solutions, deliberation processes can influence views and are instrumental in facilitating better informed tree management.

  • Natura i dziedzictwo – Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju (SDG) jako czynniki integracji społecznej w przestrzeniach osiedli mieszkaniowych. Studium Zaspy./ Nature and heritage – Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as factors of social integration in the space of housing estates. Study of Zaspa
    • Agnieszka Kurkowska
    • Paulina Duch-Żebrowska
    • Anna Wróblewska
    2023 Środowisko Mieszkaniowe

    This article introduces the topic of revitalising outdoor common spaces in existing housing developments. The aim of the research is to present universal design models by analysing nature and heritage as dominant values, complementing perceived natural and cultural deficiencies. For this purpose, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), UNESCO (UNESCO, 2015) and the Research Through Design (RTD) method were used. The Zaspa housing estate was chosen as the research area because of its characteristic urban layout and its high cultural and social recognition. As a result of this research, elements of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) were identified and analysed. Graphic spatial models from the projects, were divided into groups for which the intensity of the contribution of nature or heritage to social inclusion was determined. The next important step was the international validation and participation in the European Heritage Days exhibition and the verification of the results of the citizens' survey opening the second phase of the research. This article summarises the first phase of the multi-year research project

  • Natural deep eutectic solvent based ultrasound assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction method for methyl violet dye determination in contaminated river water
    • Hameed Haq
    • Azmat Wali
    • Faisal Safi
    • Muhammad Balal Arain
    • Lingshuai Kong
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2023 Pełny tekst Water Resources and Industry

    Simple and green natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based ultrasound assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction (UA-LLME) method was developed for extraction and determination of methyl violet dye in contaminated river water samples using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Choline chloride - decanoic acid based natural deep eutectic solvent was used for extraction. Important analytical parameters like pH, deep eutectic solvent volume/phase ratio, tetrahydrofuran volume, sonication time, and temperature were optimized. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 2.20 μg/L and 7.34 μg/L respectively. Relative standard deviation was 2.35–3.21%. Linearity of method was investigated in a concentration range 10–400 μg/L. Enrichment factor was calculated as 20. For 20 mL sample, the optimized parameters were as deep eutectic solvent volume 1.5 mL, tetrahydrofuran volume was 0.6 mL, pH = 6, sonication time 2 min. The optimized method was tested for extraction of methyl violet in real water samples confirming its applicability in routine environmental analysis.

  • Naturally-derived hydrogels for 3D pancreatic tumor models: A short review
    • Edyta Piłat
    • Agnieszka Kurdyn
    • Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
    2023 Polymers from Renewable Resources

    Statistics suggest a high proportion of mortality rate by pancreatic cancer, which is a solid tumor characterized by high heterogeneity and the presence of a complex extracellular matrix. The very low effectiveness of pancreatic cancer treatment roots in the high metastatic potential and drug resistance of this tumor. Therefore, the quest for efficient cellular models enabling precise mimicking in vivo conditions, and anticancer drug development is emerging as a priority. Routinely used 2D culture models offer an initial evaluation of the therapeutic potential of a compound against tumors, while scaffold-free and next-generation scaffold-based 3D hydrogel-based models are found to be promising for appropriate mimicking of the tumor environment and cell interactions. Over the last few years, attention was paid to the use of naturally-derived hydrogel as 3D models for pancreatic tumor modeling. Herein we first overview scaffold-free and scaffold-based 3D tumor models as advanced approaches, followed by placing the focus on naturally-derived hydrogels applied as scaffolds in pancreatic cancer modeling. This short review emphasizes that sustainable hydrogels can almost precisely imitate the complex in vivo microenvironment of pancreatic tumor, thereby hydrogel-based scaffold tumor models may be a breakthrough in pancreatic cancer studies and, in result, significantly improve the poor pancreatic tumor survivability prognosis. Nevertheless, anticancer drug development might be overshadowed by using this family of biomaterials.

  • Nauka w świecie cyfrowym okiem młodego inżyniera - ciekawe profesje w branży informatycznej
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2023 Pismo PG

    Umiejętność organizowania i przetwarzania informacji jest kluczowym elementem w dzisiejszych czasach. Komputery i inne urządzenia elektroniczne są zaprojektowane tak, aby szybko i efektywnie obsługiwać, przetwarzać i prezentować duże ilości informacji. Jednak nie mogą nic zrobić, dopóki ktoś nie powie im, co mają robić. Celem tego artykułu jest przybliżenie młodym adeptom technologii cyfrowych ciekawych zawodów w branży informatycznej.

  • Nauka w świecie cyfrowym okiem młodego inżyniera - strumieniowanie muzyki w sieci
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2023 Pismo PG

    Na początku konsumpcja treści multimedialnych, związanych początkowo z sygnałami audio, była możliwa tylko w sposób stacjonarny. Odtwarzacz muzyczny znajdował się w domu, wraz z niezbędnym nośnikiem fizycznym. Alternatywnym sposobem dla jednostki był udział w występie na żywo w sali koncertowej lub zorganizowanie prywatnego koncertu w domu. Podsumowując, efekty audiowizualne były zarezerwowane tylko dla wąskiego grona odbiorców.

  • Nauka w świecie cyfrowym okiem młodego inżyniera - wpływ pandemii na branżę transmisji strumieniowej
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2023 Pismo PG

    Trwająca pandemia znacznie ograniczyła mobilność użytkowników. Wiele osób zrezygnowało ze swobodnego przemieszczania się z powodów zdrowotnych, osobistych lub innych. Fakt ten dotyczył zwłaszcza studentów, którzy musieli przejść na kształcenie na odległość. Także wiele zawodów powiązanych z technologiami ICT postanowiło skorzystać ze zdalnych mechanizmów wymiany informacji i komunikacji z klientem. Czynniki te z pewnością dały się odczuć jeszcze szerzej w całym świecie cyfrowym.

  • Nauka w świecie cyfrowym okiem młodego inżyniera - zawód streamer
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2023 Pismo PG

    Bezapelacyjnie nowe środki łączności i komunikacji bezprzewodowej oraz mobilne terminale użytkownika zmieniły nie tylko metody dostarczania treści, ale też sposób, w jaki postrzegamy samą informację. Obecnie, dzięki globalnej sieci, ludzie mogą z łatwością konsumować i wymieniać zdigitalizowane dane. Współcześnie większość z nas nie używa już fizycznych dysków do przechowywania plików, robią to za nas platformy chmurowe online.

  • N-doped carbon materials as electrodes for highly stable supercapacitors
    • Anna Ilnicka
    • Malgorzata Skorupska
    • Mariusz Szkoda
    • Zuzanna Zarach
    • Jerzy Łukaszewicz
    2023 Pełny tekst Materials Research Letters

    This article reports a strategy to use nitrogen-doped carbon materials as electrodes for supercapacitors. Depending on the carbon precursor, the porous structure is changed with specific surface area reached up to 2270 m2 g−1. The capacitance of carbon materials used as electrodes is related strictly to pore size. The microstructure and nitrogen functionalities enable a high capacitance (327 F g−1) and cycle durability. The nanoporous carbon electrode exhibits long-term cycle life and high cycle stability with a retention of 86% of its initial after 10,000 cycles in neutral electrolyte. Highly porous carbons are thus considered a promising material for supercapacitors.

  • N-doped carbon nanospheres as selective fluorescent probes for mercury detection in contaminated aqueous media: chemistry, fluorescence probing, cell line patterning, and liver tissue interaction
    • Soheil Sojdeh
    • Ali Banitalebi Dehkordi
    • Alireza Badiei
    • Ali Zarrabi
    • Pooyan Makvandi
    • Milad Ashrafizadeh
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Eder C. Lima
    • Mohammad Rabiee
    • Mohsen Asadnia
    • Thomas J. Webster
    • Navid Rabiee
    2023 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

    A precise nano-scale biosensor was developed here to detect Hg2+ in aqueous media. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres (NCS) created from the pyrolysis of melamine–formaldehyde resin were characterized by FESEM, XRD, Raman spectra, EDS, PL, UV–vis spectra, and N2 adsorption–desorption, and were used as a highly selective and sensitive probe for detecting Hg2+ in aqueous media. The sensitivity of NCS to Hg2+ was evaluated by photoluminescence intensity fluctuations under fluorescence emission in the vicinity of 390 nm with a λexc of 350 nm. The fluorescence intensity of the NCS probe weakened in the presence of Hg2+ owing to the effective fluorescence quenching by that, which is not corresponding to the special covalent liking between the ligand and the metal. The effects of the fluorescence nanoprobe concentration, pH, and sensing time were monitored to acquire the best conditions for determining Hg2+. Surprisingly, NCS revealed excellent selectivity and sensitivity towards Hg2+ in the samples containing Co2+, Na+, K+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Li+, Cs+, and Ba2+. The fluorescence response was linearly proportional to Hg2+ concentration in 0.013–0.046 µM with a limit of detection of 9.58 nM. The in vitro and in vivo toxicological analyses confirmed the completely safe and biocompatible features of NCS, which provides promise for use for water, fruit, vegetable, and/or other forms of natural-connected materials exposed to Hg2+, with no significant toxicity noticed toward different cells/organs/tissues.

  • Near-Field Wireless Sensing of Plastics and Papers Using Frugal Peel-Off Passive Tag
    • Abhishek Kumar Jha
    • Adam Lamęcki
    • Roberto Gómez-García
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2023 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

    This article presents a novel frugal approach of testing plastics and papers using a near-field microwave sensing technique with a peel-off tag. The proposed sensing technique involves two electrical entities: the sensor, which may be regarded as a reader, and a disposable tag. The reader is a modified design of a gap-coupled microstrip line (GCML) sensor, while the passive tag is a standard double-ring complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) engraved on a commercially available copper foil using laser printing techniques. A detailed numerical study is presented for the engineered sensing methodology, showing the effect of the sample height, sensing distance, bending angle, and inclination. Empirical formulas associated with the dielectric properties of the sample under test are also given. The errors associated with a possible air gap between the peel-off tag and the sample, as well as the relative positioning of the tag and the reader, are analyzed while also considering the bending of the tag. Finally, the sensor is fabricated on a 1.5-mm-thick Rogers RT5880 laminate, and several standard samples are prepared to experimentally check the validity of the approach. The sensor provides a transmission bandwidth (BW) of 1.9 GHz with a typical insertion loss (IL) of 1 dB and a reflection loss of 20 dB. The tag engraved on the frugal peel-off copper foil is used for sensing various dielectric materials by placing it on planar and curved surfaces. The simulation and measured results are found to be in close agreement. The proposed scheme is found to be reliable and cost-effective also for the testing of microwave substrates. It provides robust results for the wireless sensing of objects located within a range of 10 mm from the reader.

  • Negative carbon dioxide gas power plant integrated with gasification of sewage sludge
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Kamil Stasiak
    • Milad Amiri
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2023 Pełny tekst ENERGY

    One of the primary objectives of the negative carbon dioxide gas power plant (nCO2PP) is to develop an innovative technology confirming the possibility of the use of sewage sludge to produce electricity while having a positive impact on the environment. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to estimate thermodynamic parameters of the system in relation to the gasification process and changes in such parameters in the bleeds as well as temperature and pressure. The main novelty of this paper is the integration of the gas-steam turbine model with the gasification reactor model in such a way that the effect of the gasification products on the turbine output is established. In turn, parameters from the turbine bleed directly affect the gasification process and cause feedback for the system. Developed code allows determination of parameters such as efficiency of the proposed nCO2PP cycle, gas composition from the gasifier, temperature in the gas turbine bleed and other related information. The synergy between the CCS plant and the proposed utilization of sewage sludge (which is considered as a renewable energy source) enables the installation to achieve negative overall emissions of CO2.

  • Negative impact of constant RPM control strategy on ship NOx emission in waves
    • Mohammad Ghaemi
    • Hamid Zeraatgar
    2023 Pełny tekst International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering

    In severe wave conditions, the ship propulsion system is loaded with high fluctuations due to external disturbances. The highly fluctuating loads enforce radical changes in the main engine torque, which in turn demands variation of the fuel rate injected into the cylinders if a constant rotational speed strategy is applied. Therefore, the temperature of gases varies to a large extent during the combustion process in the cylinders. The emitted NOx is a function of this highly fluctuating temperature. The main goal of this study is to investigate NOx emission under the aforementioned conditions when a usual constant RPM control strategy is applied in waves similar to the calm water condition. The paper presents a mathematical model of the whole system, which is applied to a selected ship both in regular waves and in calm water conditions. The results show that the sea waves, in comparison with the calm water condition, can radically increase the emitted NOx under the constant rotational speed strategy. This change can reach even 1014 times more, averagely. The results also show that the higher the wave height the higher the emitted NOx. It is concluded that the control strategy of keeping the engine rotational speed in waves at a constant level is the most important reason for the significantly increased NOx emission in waves in comparison with the calm water condition.

  • Network effects—do they matter for digital technologies diffusion?
    • Ewa Lechman
    • Helena Anacka
    2023 JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT

    Purpose The main research target of this paper is to capture the network effects using the case of mobile cellular telephony, identified in European telecommunication markets, and its determinants enhancing the process of digital technologies diffusion. Design/methodology/approach This research relies on panel and dynamic panel regression analysis. The empirical sample covers 30 European countries, and the period for the analysis is set for 2000–2019. Findings This work contributes by examining the network effects identified on European telecommunication markets that drive the process of digital technologies diffusion, but it also extends the understanding of the latter by tracing major determinants of fast network expansion, e.g. prices of access to and use of, per capita income, urbanisation, population density, accessibility of fixed telephony infrastructure. The main findings support the initial supposition that the installed base strongly enhances diffusion of new technologies, while other factors, for example, prices, are not of prime importance. Research limitations/implications This research has certain managerial implications. The unveiled network effects driving adoption of technological innovations constitute a significant determinant of implementation of differentiation strategy by telecommunication companies. Due to network effects consumers' propensity to join the network is valued higher than the prices of services offered, which is crucial not only from the perspective of the company's pricing strategy but also enables telecommunication companies to introduce to the market new products and/or services concentrating on increasing its quality and usability rather than future prices. Originality/value This is the first work that empirically verifies the intercompanies and interpersonal diffusion of cellular telephony, hypothesising that this process relies on unique network effects.

  • Networking and Familiness as Factors Stimulating the Early Internationalization of High-Tech Firms
    • Nelly Daszkiewicz
    • Krzysztof Wach
    2023 Pełny tekst Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics

    The problem of the role and importance of time in the process of firm’s internationalization belongs to the mainstream of international business research, as is the problem of the key role of high-tech firms operating across borders. The main goal of the paper is to understand how selected factors determine early internationalization of high-tech firms in Poland as an emerging market. The theoretical framework of the article is built on international entrepreneurship literature, supported by the network perspective and family firm theory. Then, the article focuses on the high-tech firms that become international through export or any other entry mode in the first three years of their life. A survey was conducted on the sample of 263 firms operating in high-tech industries in Poland. The results of our empirical studies show that high-tech firms functioning in networks and clusters are more likely to start their international expansion early. Moreover, family high-tech firms are less likely to internationalize early than non-family firms.

  • Net-zero carbon condition in wastewater treatment plants: A systematic review of mitigation strategies and challenges
    • Mojtaba Maktabifard
    • Hussein Al-Hazmi
    • Paulina Szulc
    • Mohammad Mousavizadegan
    • Xianbao Xu
    • Ewa Zaborowska
    • Xiang Li
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    2023 Pełny tekst RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS

    The wastewater sector accounts for up to 7 and 10% of anthropogenic CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. Nowadays wastewater treatment plants are going through a paradigm shift to approach a net-zero carbon condition. Numerous ongoing measures have taken place to identify the sources of greenhouse gases and minimize the carbon footprint. This paper systematically reviews all known practices leading towards net-zero carbon wastewater treatment. The greenhouse gas emissions from the wastewater sector are identified and carbon footprint quantification tools, such as reliable models and emission factors are compared. The direct process emissions can contribute to over 60% of the carbon footprint in wastewater treatment plants, while around 30% of the carbon footprint is due to energy-related indirect emissions. Therefore, greenhouse gas mitigation via process optimization and energy usage in wastewater treatment plants are comprehensively described. The implantation of novel nitrogen removal processes can reduce both greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Other techniques such as source separation systems can potentially allow mitigation of N2O emissions by 60% while avoiding energy-intensive nitrogen fertilizer production. Nutrient recovery methods are another approach which offer negative value for the net carbon footprint. Recovering N2O for energy production is a promising method which can lead to both direct and indirect carbon footprint reductions. Ultimately, to achieve full decarbonization any remaining emissions need to be offset, including carbon footprint of chemicals usage and

  • Neural Graph Collaborative Filtering: Analysis of Possibilities on Diverse Datasets
    • Dariusz Kobiela
    • Jan Groth
    • Michał Sieczczyński
    • Rafał Wolniak
    • Krzysztof Pastuszak
    2023

    This paper continues the work by Wang et al. [17]. Its goal is to verify the robustness of the NGCF (Neural Graph Collaborative Filtering) technique by assessing its ability to generalize across different datasets. To achieve this, we first replicated the experiments conducted by Wang et al. [17] to ensure that their replication package is functional. We received sligthly better results for ndcg@20 and somewhat poorer results for recall@20, which may be due to the randomness. Afterward, we applied their framework to four additional datasets (NYC2014, TOKYO2014, Yelp2022, and MovieLens1M) and compared NGCF with HOP-Rec [18] and MF-BPR [14] as in the original study. Our results confirm that NGCF outperforms other models in terms of ndcg@20. However, when considering recall@20, either HOP-Rec or MF-BPR performed better on the new datasets. This finding suggests that NGCF may have been optimized for the datasets used in the original paper. Furthermore, we analyzed the models’ performance using recall@K and ndcg@K, where K was set to 1, 5, 10, and 40. The obtained results support our previous finding. The replication package for this paper can be found in our GitHub repository [1].

  • Neurocontrolled Car Speed System
    • Markiyan Nakonechnyi
    • Orest Ivakhiv
    • Dariusz Świsulski
    2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems - JAMRIS

    The features of the synthesis of neural controllers for the car speed control system are considered in this article. The task of synthesis is to determine the weight coefficients of neural networks that provide the implementation of proportional and proportional-integralderivative control laws. The synthesis of controllers is based on an approach that uses a reversed model of the standard. A model of the car speed control system with the use of permitting subsystems has been developed, with the help of the synthesized controller that is connected under certain specified conditions. With the iterative programming and mathematical modeling environment in MATLAB, and using the Simulink package, a structural scheme for controlling the speed of the car was constructed and simulated using synthesized neural controllers.