2023 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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The relevance of Cassirer
- Andrzej Karalus
- Przemysław Parszutowicz
2023
The article disscusses the topicality of Cassirer's philosophy and its influence on contemporary humanities.
The Response of Selected Domestic Capital Markets on the Development of COVID-19 Pandemic – a Broader View
- Marcin Potrykus
2023 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
Objective: The study examines how the record of the first, hundredth, thousandth, ten-thousandth, one-hundred-thousandth, and millionth cases of COVID-19 affected investor behaviour in capital markets. It also looks at whether the month in which the first case was recorded in a given market affected the direction and strength of investor reactions. Lastly, it verifies whether the two announcements made by the WHO related to COVID-19 differently affected the behaviour of investors in markets where the first case of the epidemic had already been recorded and in markets where there were not yet officially confirmed cases. Research Design & Methods: Event analysis is used in looking at 77 financial markets. Findings: Investor reactions to emerging information are extreme. The largest sell-off of shares was observed when the first and hundredth cases of the disease were recorded. No statistically significant and negative abnormal rates of return were found for other points studied. The later the first case was recorded in a given market, the greater the scale of discounting in that market. In markets where the first case of infection had already been recorded, the negative reaction of investors was greater than in markets where the first case had not yet been found. Implications / Recommendations: A small number of cases and high uncertainty about COVID-19 have a more substantial negative impact on investors than a high number of cases coupled with a better understanding of the pandemic. WHO announcements further contributed to the occurrence of stronger declines in countries in which people had already become infected by COVID-19. Contribution: The current study is the first of its kind, focusing not only on the first case of COVID-19, but also on other focal points of the evolving pandemic. The other aspects (month, WHO announcements) covered are also analysed from a different, broader view than in other studies.
The retrofitting of ships by applying retractable bow hydrofoils: a case study
- Karol Niklas
- Hanna Pruszko
2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy
Increasing environmental requirements and a relatively long ship life of 30 years mean more attention is needed to retrofit existing ships. One possibility is using hydrofoils to reduce the ship’s resistance and improve comfort and safety in rough sea conditions. This study investigates the influence of retractable bow hydrofoils on the seakeeping performance and operational conditions of a selected case study vessel (V-shaped bulbous bow). The methods used were Full-scale Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and towing tank experiments for validation. The analysis was conducted for bow waves of different lengths and a ship’s operating speed. The most beneficial effect of hydrofoils was observed for wavelengths from λ/LWL=1.0 to λ/LWL=1.2. For the wavelength λ/LWL=1.2, the reduction of heave motion was equal to 33%, pitch motion was equivalent to 28%, and the reduction of wave-added resistance was equal to 25%. The analysis also showed unfavourable conditions for which hydrofoil folding is needed to avoid causing an excessive increase in resistance. A generalized procedure has been developed to assess the potential for resistance and motion reduction by retrofitting existing ships using hydrofoils.
The role of additives in improving the flammability and calorific value of leather shavings and the binding of chromium compounds in ash
- Tomasz Turzyński
- Katarzyna Januszewicz
- Paweł Kazimierski
- Dariusz Kardas
- Paulina Hercel
- Jakub Szymborski
- Jarosław Niewiadomski
2023 WASTE MANAGEMENT
Leather processing companies are struggling with the problem of increasing costs of post-production waste disposal. Therefore, the issue of thermal waste disposal at the plant and the use of generated heat in the production process is becoming more and more popular. Leather waste on its own does not allow for autothermal combustion despite the sufficient higher heating value (HHV). Therefore the Authors proposed to improve the flammability of the fuel by adding a small amount of wood sawdust to leather waste and produce premixed pellets. Six such samples were incinerated in a laboratory-scale reactor, which enables the simultaneous measurement of characteristic temperatures, exhaust gas analysis and sample mass loss rate. Research has shown that even a small addition of sawdust enables a stable combustion process and does not cause the formation of sinters. In addition, studies of the ash showed that in the case of chromium-containing waste, a large part of it remained in the ash in the form of Cr2O3. Nevertheless, very fine ash causes the small fraction chromium to be carried with the flue gas stream, therefore controlled agglomeration of the ash structure would be advisable in the final installation. Emission analysis showed high and moderately high NOx and SO2 emissions, decreasing with the increase in the amount of sawdust addition in the sample. Research has shown that leather waste is not a burden, but can be an attractive and safe source of energy for the company, while improving waste management in a circular economy.
The role of clusters as collective actors in the energy transformation: the case of Mazovia Cluster ICT
- Anna Lis
- Artur Radzio
2023 Competitiveness Review
Purpose – In our paper we aim to show the possibilities of implementing the idea of sustainability in the context of energy transformation using the concept of an industrial cluster. The implementation of the idea of sustainability is of particular importance from the perspective of the functioning of the meta-organisations involved in the implementation and promotion of decarbonisation processes. Industrial clusters, as collective actors initiating collective actions and providing complex governance structures, seem to have a great fit with regard to the needs of disseminating and implementing the idea of sustainable development, also in conjunction with energy development. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical evidence is derived from a case study of Mazovia Cluster ICT (MC ICT). Based on the experience of this cluster, we want to show the evolution of the industrial cluster through the prism of its growing activity in supporting energy transition. We conducted our research in the period 2022-2023 using in-depth personal interviews and an analysis of the secondary data. The primary technique for data analysis and interpretation was conventional qualitative content analysis. Findings – As a result of the study, we have distinguished three main areas of cluster activity covering the strategic, operational/project and institutional levels. Within the first area, the cluster’s efforts focused on the development of a strategy and involvement in lobbying and co-legislating. The second area refers to the cluster’s activity in the carrying out of national and transnational projects on the creation and implementation of various energy solutions. The activities undertaken in the third area include support for the development of start-ups in the field of energy and involvement in the launch of an energy cluster and the development of distributed energy in Poland. While the strategic and operational/project levels are characterized by a commonality of activities and goals, there is additionally a commonality of interests at the institutional level. Originality/value – The paper makes an additional contribution to the state-of-the-art of the industrial cluster concept by linking it to the idea of sustainable development, in the context of energy transformation. In addition, it sheds new light on issues related to cluster cooperation, combining the case of the industrial cluster with the very fresh and as yet poorly described idea of the energy cluster.
The role of hydrodynamic cavitation in tuning physicochemical properties of food items: A comprehensive review
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Seid Mahdi Jafari
2023 TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Background: Today, food processing industries are looking for alternative technologies with an eco-friendly character for the processing of food, beverages and agricultural crops. Ideally, such technologies may preserve the original properties of the food products while reaching their primary target of application. Scope and approach: At this point, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is recognized as one of the potential technologies for food processing since it provides effective conditions to activate and accelerate desired physiochemical transformations of treated medium. Cavitation phenomenon has been interestingly applied in the treatments and processing of foods towards homogenization (high pressure homogenizers, HPH) /mixing of systems, pasteurization/sterilization, degradation of target molecules, among other purposes. Therefore, this review aims to release the progress in applying HC-assisted technologies for the processing of food, beverages and other food items. Key findings and conclusion: Apart from microorganism inactivation mechanisms in pasteurization and sterilization for foods, emulsion formation in food systems, extraction of bioactive compounds, and improvement of physicochemical properties of food systems are reviewed. Here, the advantages and drawbacks of HC compared to other technologies are also addressed and discussed. To finalize, according to the findings of this review, the future trends, perspectives, and research gaps are also given.
The role of isolated farmsteads in the open landscape protection on the example of Kashubia
- Anna Górka
2023 Pełny tekst Architectus
As a result of the social and economic transformation of rural areas, open landscapes are disappearing. Former farmsteads are being devastated or beginning to lose their landscape context due to the spread of residential building development. At the same time, in many places, the farmstead form is clearly legible and remains an element with which the view is structured and enriched. The article was aimed at drawing attention to the multidimensional importance of isolated farmsteads and the need to recognise their surviving resources. Being distinguishing features with which the attractiveness of an open landscape can be determined, they inspire the development of a multifunctional rural economy led by the local community. Isolated farmsteads can respond to the city’s problems and function in many non-agricultural areas, including education, tourism and recreation, nature protection and health protection. Protection of the building development of former farmsteads may provide a tool to eectively support the shaping of spatial order in large areas. The article presents a method for describing the preservation condition of single-manor buildings developed at the turn of the 19th and 20th cen-turies. It is proposed that the study analyses the architectural features of farmsteads that play an important part in the recognition of such building development in the open landscape. Observation areas were selected based on the results of remote identication of the location of historic farmsteads and buildings.The eld study was conducted in the central part of Kashubia, along selected scenic routes. These routes comprised 26 solitary homesteads. In half of the cases studied, the exposure of the farmstead buildings deteriorated due to the proximity of modern residential building development. The spatial layout of the majority of farmsteads has changed, which most commonly resulted from expansion beyond the former outline of the farmyard. Numerous historic buildings have been rebuilt. Despite the above-mentioned modications, in the study area, the farmstead has remained a distinctive feature of the landscape and retained the potential for transformation to be used in the sustainable development economy. The results encourage the study to be continued. The identied resources and architectural values of the traditional farmstead could support the management and protection of the heritage of agricultural landscapes.
The role of low-energy electrons in the charging process of LISA test masses
- Simone Taioli
- Maurizio Dapor
- Francesco Dimiccoli
- Michele Fabi
- Valerio Ferroni
- Catia Grimani
- Mattia Villani
- William Joseph Weber
2023 Pełny tekst CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
The estimate of the total electron yield is fundamental for our understanding of the test-mass charging associated with cosmic rays in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder mission and in the forthcoming gravitational wave observatory LISA. To unveil the role of low energy electrons in this process owing to galactic and solar energetic particle events, in this work we study the interaction of keV and sub-keV electrons with a gold slab using a mixed Monte Carlo (MC) and ab-initio framework. We determine the energy spectrum of the electrons emerging from such a gold slab hit by a primary electron beam by considering the relevant energy loss mechanisms as well as the elastic scattering events. We also show that our results are consistent with experimental data and MC simulations carried out with the GEANT4-DNA toolkit.
The Role of Molecular Structure in Monte Carlo Simulations of the Secondary Electron Yield and Backscattering Coefficient from Methacrylic Acid
- Katarzyna Wiciak-Pawłowska
- Anna Winiarska
- Simone Taioli
- Maurizio Dapor
- Małgorzata Franz
- Jan Franz
2023 Pełny tekst MOLECULES
In this paper, we show the influence of the chemical structure of four different conformers on the secondary electron emission and backscattering of an electron beam from a gel of methacrylic acid. The conformers have different permanent dipole moments, which determines the cross sections for elastic collisions with electrons. The cross sections are used in Monte Carlo simulations of an electron beam, which enters the gel of methacrylic acid. The secondary electron yield and the backscattering coefficient are computed as a function of the beam energy.
The role of noble metals in TiO2 nanotubes for the abatement of parabens by photocatalysis, catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation
- João Lincho
- Eva Domingues
- Paweł Mazierski
- Magdalena Miodyńska
- Tomasz Klimczuk
- Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
- Rui F. Martins
- João Gomes
2023 SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
The role of modified TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with noble metals was studied for photocatalysis, catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation of a paraben’s mixture. The TNTs were obtained by anodization and were modified by photodeposition with 0.25 mol% of Au, Pt or Pd. Results showed that solar photocatalysis led to higher degradation than UVA radiation, and under UVA radiation, the use of 3 Pt-TNTs (3 TNTs plates modified with Pt) and 3 Pd-TNTs present the same effect as the use of 5 and 7 pristine-TNTs plates, respectively. The best parabens removal was achieved for Pd-TNTs under UVA radiation and pristine TNTs under solar radiation, with 43% and 81% removal in 120 min, respectively. All the catalytic and photocatalytic ozonation experiments led to less ozone consumption than single ozonation (transferred ozone dose (TOD) = 5.27 mgO3/L) with total parabens abatement. Catalytic ozonation experiments suggest that the presence of metals can promote the formation of oxidative radicals, with the Au-TNTs presenting best performance (TOD ≈ 3.59 mgO3/L) while pristine TNTs led to TOD = 4.98 mgO3/L. For photocatalytic ozonation, the pristine TNTs led to the lowest ozone consumption (TOD = 3.74 mgO3/L). Moreover, the use of hydroxyl radical scavenger showed that hydroxyl radical is formed during single and photocatalytic ozonation decomposition.
The Role of Proteins in Food
- Zdzisław Sikorski
- Izabela Sinkiewicz
2023
This chapter describes the effect of proteins on the sensory attributes and the biological value and safety of foods. The role of proteins depends on their amino acid composition and structure, on changes due to storage and processing, as well as on interactions with other food components. The effect on the sensory quality of foods is brought about by hydrophobicity, solubility, water holding capacity, gelling, film formation, and emulsifying and foaming ability. The nutritional value, as well as the safety, of proteinaceous food components depend on the natural properties of the raw materials and on the processing factors, especially temperature, access to oxygen, and chemical or enzymatic reactions. The proteins of animal and plant sources differ in their suitability for various food applications.
The role of sport in the Smart City concept
- Aleksander Orłowski
- Narek Parsamyan
2023 Pełny tekst Studia z Polityki Publicznej
Sport brings to cities innovative solutions that influence urban life, yet considerations about sport still rarely contribute to the development of the very popular smart city concept. This raises the question: what is the perception of sport in the city from the perspective of the smart city concept? One of the challenges of future urban policy is to provide initiatives that ensure the wellbeing and promote the model of a healthy city, especially during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, sport creates an opportunity to combat these challenges. The study provides an in-depth literature review on sport factors influencing smart city domains through a systematic review process. Exploring this topic creates a par-adigm for future studies regarding the discourse on smart cities and the impact of sport on the evolution of cities of tomorrow. In particular, it indicates potential areas of interest from the point of view of local authorities and policymakers, who are able to incorporate governance through sport agendas.
The SARS‐CoV ‐2 specific IgG antibodies biophotonic sensor
- Małgorzata Szczerska
- Paweł Wityk
- Paulina Listewnik
2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Biophotonics
In this paper, we present the design and the principle of operation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) biophotonic sensor, which is based on the single-mode telecommunication fiber. We fabricated the sensor head at the face of the single mode fiber-28. Due to the process of bio-functionalization, our sensor has the ability to selectively detect the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. The results of preliminary tests allowed us to correctly determine the presence of antibodies in less than 1 min in 5 μl in a volume sample of concentration of 10 μg/ml, which according to studies, corresponds to the concentration of IgG antibodies in human serum. Additionally, the tested sample can be smaller than 5 μl in volume.
The selective salinity and hydrazine parameters for the start-up of non-anammox-specific biomass SBR
- Ivar Zekker
- E. Rikmann
- J. Oja
- S. Anslan
- Agnieszka Fiszka Borzyszkowska
- Anna Zielińska-Jurek
- Rajiv Kumar
- L. A. Shah
- Muhammad Naeem
- M. Zahoor
- R. H. Setyobudi
- G. D. Bhowmick
- R. Khattak
- J. Burlakovs
- T. Tenno
2023 International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology
The presence of ammonium (NH 4+ ) in wastewater above the permissible limits leads to undesirable ecological impact and public health concerns. In this study, the anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria-mediated nitrogen removal was investigated using a sequential batch reactor (SBR). Effects of different salinity levels were evaluated on the bacterial activity at: mild (below 0.2 g NaCl/L), elevated (18.2 g NaCl/L) and suitable salinity (2–0.5 g NaCl/L) levels mimicking the environmental conditions that are present in real wastewater. Within a suitable salinity period of 0.5–2 g NaCl/L, the highest average total nitrogen removal efficiencies (TNREs) and total nitrogen removal rates (TNRRs) of 67 (± 11)% and 37 (± 29) g N/m 3 /d, respectively, were achieved. In addition to the salinity tests, the effect of relatively high nitrite levels (> 40 mg N/L) was observed in the reactor resulting in the decrease in anammox activity, but increasing biomass potential for the treatment of high nitrite containing wastewater. Interestingly, the supplementation of hydrazine at 7.5 mg N 2 H 4 /L indicated enhanced anammox activity with a nitrogen removal rate of 0.7 ± 0.01 mg N/g MLSS/h, while test without hydrazine showed a rate of 0.68 ± 0.06 mg N/g MLSS/h. Therefore, denitrifying activity decreased with the addition of hydrazine, which on the other hand benefits the anammox start-up. Illumina sequencing analysis revealed that the microbial community has changed with the rise of the salinity levels and was dominated with Anaerolineae, Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia and various key anammox organisms, such as Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Kuenenia strains (at 3%).
The sensors-based artificial intelligence Train Control and Monitoring System (TCMS) for managing the railway transport fleet
- Mateusz Kalinowski
- Paweł Weichbroth
2023 Pełny tekst Pojazdy Szynowe
Railways deliver a safe and sustainable form of transport and are typically pointed as one the safest form of transportation. Nevertheless, train accidents still happen, and when they happen, the consequences concern serious fatalities and injuries. Since every case is unique, the most frequent causes of train accidents are mechanical derailments, failures, as well as human errors and ignorance. In order to mitigate the risks posed by both physical and human related factors, various technological advancements have been designed and implemented. Among many existing Train Control and Monitoring Systems (TCMS), one can observe that recently developed artificial intelligence (AI) methods are also considered to be integrated part of the modern TCMS solutions. Following recent AI improvements and trends, in this paper we aim to present and discuss our newly developed TCMS system. In particular, both the system architecture and features are described along with the expected benefits of its implementation.
The Sonocatalytic Activation of Persulfates on Iron Nanoparticle Decorated Zeolite for the Degradation of 1,4-Dioxane in Aquatic Environments
- Surya Teja Malkapuram
- Shirish H. Sonawane
- Manoj P Rayaroth
- Murali Mohan Seepana
- Sivakumar Manickam
- Jakub Karczewski
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2023 Pełny tekst Catalysts
In the chemical industry, 1,4-diethylene dioxide, commonly called dioxane, is widely used as a solvent as well as a stabilizing agent for chlorinated solvents. Due to its high miscibility, dioxane is a ubiquitous water contaminant. This study investigates the effectiveness of catalyst- and ultrasound (US)-assisted persulfate (PS) activation with regard to degrading dioxane. As a first step, a composite catalyst was prepared using zeolite. A sonochemical dispersion and reduction method was used to dope zeolite with iron nanoparticles (FeNP/Z). In the subsequent study, the reaction kinetics of dioxane degradation following the single-stage and two-stage addition of PS was examined in the presence of a catalyst. Using GC-MS analysis, intermediate compounds formed from dioxane degradation were identified, and plausible reaction pathways were described. Upon 120 min of sonication in the presence of a catalyst with a two-stage injection of PS, 95% 100 mg/L dioxane was degraded. Finally, the estimated cost of treatment is also reported in this study. Sonolytically activated PS combined with a FeNP/Z catalyst synergizes the remediation of biorefractory micropollutants such as dioxane.
The Transformation Revealed Concept of Smart City Application in Urban Planning
- Ida Shaheera Bakhtiar
- Noor Aimran Samsudin
- Aleksander Orłowski
2023 Pełny tekst IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of research conducted to reveal a smart city application concept in urban planning. The method is discussed in the context of case studies of smart city concepts in Malaysian states namely Johor, Penang and Selangor, with the efficient and effective state for implementation and application in urban planning being selected. The case study method was utilised to demonstrate the conceptual framework of smart city application in urban planning, as well as seven smart city criteria. The basic requirement for the proposed framework is that individuals must have urban planning expertise in the field of smart city applications. The authors, who are well-versed in urban planning and smart city concepts from the point of view of urban planning, propose a solution relevant to any urban planning circumstance.
The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health
- Magdalena Gebert
- Jakub Sławski
- Leszek Kalinowski
- James F. Collawn
- Rafal Bartoszewski
2023 Pełny tekst Antioxidants
Efficient brain function requires as much as 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level of oxygen usage, however, leads to the generation of free radicals, and thus can lead to oxidative stress and potentially to age-related cognitive decay and even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of this system requires a complex monitoring network to maintain proper oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore, the high content of mitochondria in the brain has elevated glucose demands, and thus requires a normal redox balance. Maintaining this is mediated by adaptive stress response pathways that permit cells to survive oxidative stress and to minimize cellular damage. These stress pathways rely on the proper function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular pathway responsible for normal ER function and cell survival. Interestingly, the UPR has two opposing signaling pathways, one that promotes cell survival and one that induces apoptosis. In this narrative review, we discuss the opposing roles of the UPR signaling pathways and how a better understanding of these stress pathways could potentially allow for the development of effective strategies to prevent age-related cognitive decay as well as treat neurodegenerative diseases.
The Usage of the BP-Layers Stereo Matching Algorithm with the EBCA Camera Set
- Adam Kaczmarek
2023
This paper is concerned with applying a stereo matching algorithm called BP-Layers to a set of many cameras. BP Layers is designed for obtaining disparity maps from stereo cameras. The algorithm takes advantage of convolutional natural networks. This paper presents using this algorithm with a set called Equal Baseline Camera Array. This set consists of up to five cameras with one central camera and other ones aground it. Such a set has similar advantages as a stereo camera. In particular this equipment is suitable for providing 3D vision for autonomous robots operating outdoors. The research presented in this paper shows the extent to which results of using BP Layers are improving because of using the EBCA set instead of a stereo camera.
The use of fungi in biofiltration to remove hydrophobic volatile organic compounds
- Milena Marycz
2023 Pełny tekst
The growing importance placed on air quality by environmental regulations and public opinion necessitate the minimization and removal of volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs), including odours. The removal of hydrophobic VOCs from the air by biological methods remains a major technical challenge (despite its importance in the shift to green engineering). A potential solution to this challenge is the use of fungi in biofiltration. The aim of this PhD dissertation was to develop a hydrophobic VOC air deodorization system from biofilters inhabited by various species of microorganisms. The content of the dissertation was based on six articles published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Based on a literature review and the author's own research, (i) Candida subhashii isolate, which had not been used in biofiltration before, was isolated from peat, and its effectiveness in carbon assimilation from selected hydrophobic VOCs was confirmed at a level comparable to Fusarium solani, the fungus most often used for this purpose. (ii) It was confirmed that fungal biotrickling filtration is among the most effective biological methods of removing hydrophobic VOCs during air purification. (iii) Methods of both immobilizing fungi species on the surface of biofilter packing materials, and testing the diversity and viability of fungi in the biofiltration process were developed.