2024 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

Pokaż publikacje z roku

Publikacje z roku 2024

Pokaż wszystkie

Nitrogen oxides removal from hydrogen flue gas using corona discharge in marine boilers: Application perspective
- Dominik Kreft
- Konrad Marszałkowski
- Karol Szczodrowski
2024 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
This paper focuses on the combustion of hydrogen in boilers, as it appears to be a more effective method than using fuel cells for heating purposes due to higher boiler efficiency. One of the main disadvantages of hydrogen combustion in air is NOx formation. Therefore, the authors decided to introduce corona discharge as an inno- vative technique to clean hydrogen flue gas by effectively reducing NOx levels. The method involves generating positive plasma at atmospheric pressure by applying up to a 23 kV voltage difference between rod and ring- shaped electrodes. Experimental studies have shown that corona discharge can significantly lower the concen- trations of NO and NOx in exhaust gases. The maximum DeNOx level was found to be 32.3%, while the plasma generator uses 17.5% of the power contained in burned hydrogen. The findings suggest that this technology holds potential for application in industrial hydrogen combustion systems, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional NOx reduction methods.
Nitrogen-incorporated boron-doped diamond films for enhanced electrochemical supercapacitor performance
- Shradha Suman
- Mateusz Ficek
- Kamatchi J Sankaran
- Jacek Ryl
- Benadict Rakesh
- Mukul Gupta
- Ramasamy Sakthivel
- Robert Bogdanowicz
2024 ENERGY
The electrochemical (EC) supercapacitor, known for its rapid charging, reliability, and versatile applications, demands optimized electrode characteristics and an understanding of their electrochemical behaviour. Although boron-doped diamond (BDD) holds promise as a supercapacitor electrode, a crucial gap exists in comprehending its material behaviour under specific growth conditions. Here, nitrogen-incorporated BDD (N-BDD) films with different microstructures are investigated. The morphology of N-BDD films is varied by tuning the substrate temperature (Ts) from 400 °C to 850 °C during the growth process. The diamond films grown at lower Ts = 400 °C consist of faceted grains, and the grain sizes shrink as Ts is increased (550 °C and 700 °C). Interestingly, the films grown at 850 °C (N-BDD850°C) show nanowire-like morphology with enhanced electrical conductivity. The spectroscopy and microscopy results reveal the concurrence of sp3-diamond and sp2-graphitic phases in the nanowire morphology. The EC supercapacitor studies disclose that formation of nanowire-like morphology for N-BDD850°C increases the active surface area and electron transport properties; hence, higher current response and enhanced specific capacitance (0.09 F cm−2 at a current density of 1.53 mA cm−2) are observed. Lifecycle stability of 82% is observed after 5000 cycles indicating the efficient performance of N-BDD850°C films.
Non-Adaptive Speed and Position Estimation of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator in Grid-Connected Operations
- Marcin Morawiec
- Krzysztof Blecharz
2024 Pełny tekst IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
The nonadaptive speed and position estimation scheme for a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is presented in this article. The observer structure is based on the extension of the mathematical model of DFIG to the introduced H vector. Based on the defined H vector, the nonadaptive position and speed estimation is proposed. The Lyapunov method is extended to the practical stability theorem to stabilize the structure. The classic stator field-oriented control to active and reactive power control is used in the sensorless control system. The performance of the proposed algorithm of the speed and position observer is validated by simulation and experimental results using the 2 kW generator. The comparison tests to the classical model reference adaptive system based observer are provided. Finally, the article contains a summary in which the non-adaptive speed estimation is discussed in context to the adaptive reconstruction of the rotor speed and position.
Noncentrosymmetric Triangular Magnet CaMnTeO6: Strong Quantum Fluctuations and Role of s0 versus s2 Electronic States in Competing Exchange Interactions
- Xudong Huai
- Emmanuel Acheampong
- Erich Delles
- Michał Winiarski
- Maurice Sorolla II
- Lila Nassar
- Mingli Liang
- Caleb Ramette
- Huiwen Ji
- Allen Scheie
- Stuart Calder
- Martin Mourigal
- Thao Tran
2024 Pełny tekst ADVANCED MATERIALS
Noncentrosymmetric triangular magnets offer a unique platform for realizing strong quantum fluctuations. However, designing these quantum materials remains an open challenge attributable to a knowledge gap in the tunability of competing exchange interactions at the atomic level. Here, a new noncentrosymmetric triangular S = 3/2 magnet CaMnTeO6 is created based on careful chemical and physical considerations. The model material displays competing magnetic interactions and features nonlinear optical responses with the capability of generating coherent photons. The incommensurate magnetic ground state of CaMnTeO6 with an unusually large spin rotation angle of 127°(1) indicates that the anisotropic interlayer exchange is strong and competing with the isotropic interlayer Heisenberg interaction. The moment of 1.39(1) µB, extracted from low-temperature heat capacity and neutron diffraction measurements, is only 46% of the expected value of the static moment 3 µB. This reduction indicates the presence of strong quantum fluctuations in the half-integer spin S = 3/2 CaMnTeO6 magnet, which is rare. By comparing the spin-polarized band structure, chemical bonding, and physical properties of AMnTeO6 (A = Ca, Sr, Pb), how quantum-chemical interpretation can illuminate insights into the fundamentals of magnetic exchange interactions, providing a powerful tool for modulating spin dynamics with atomically precise control is demonstrated.
Nondestructive corrosion degradation assessment based on asymmetry of guided wave propagation field
- Beata Zima
- Emil Roch
- Jochen Moll
2024 ULTRASONICS
The article presents the results of numerical and experimental investigation of guided wave propagation in steel plates subjected to corrosion degradation. The development of novel procedures allowing for the assessment of the corrosion degradation level is crucial in the effective diagnostics of offshore and ship structures that are especially subjected to aggressive environments. The study’s main aim is to investigate the influence of surface irregularities on wave propagation characteristics. The paper investigates wavefront asymmetry caused by the non-uniform thickness of damaged specimens. In the first step, the influence of thickness variability on the symmetry of the wave field has been investigated numerically. The corroded plates with variable degrees of degradation have been modeled using the random fields approach. The degree of degradation (DoD) varied from 0% to 40%. In the next step, the developed method was examined during experimental tests performed on specimens subjected to accelerated corrosion degradation. The experimental tests were conducted for intact and for corroded plates characterized by a DoD of 10%. It is demonstrated that the new approach based on wave field analysis can be used in structural state assessment.
Nondestructive global corrosion measurement using guided wavefield data
- Beata Zima
- Emil Roch
2024 Pełny tekst MEASUREMENT
Metallic structures often face degradation, and corrosion ranks among the most prevalent forms of deterioration. Accurate quantification of corrosion is crucial, especially for structures exposed to harsh environmental conditions, such as marine vessels and offshore installations. Because the traditional measurement methods based on scanning by ultrasonic gauge are time-consuming and provide only rough information on the thickness variability, there is a need to develop new robust and accurate diagnostics methods. This paper aims to investigate the corrosion monitoring of metal plates using guided wave propagation. Guided waves propagate within the entire volume of the specimen. If it is undamaged and isotropic, the velocity in all directions is the same, and the spreading wavefront takes a circular shape. The primary assumption presented in this paper is that the potential damage caused by corrosion leads to disturbance of this symmetry. The study shows Bilateral and Rotational Corrosion Symmetry Degree (BCSD and RCSD) functions, demonstrating a consistent decrease in symmetry values with increasing degree of degradation (DoD) caused by the corrosion process. The main aim of the study was to test the possibility of corrosion monitoring by using variable number of sensors comprising the transducer network. Also, the influence of the distance between the sensors affecting the size of the monitored area on the corrosion monitoring procedure was investigated. The paper contains the results of numerical and experimental campaigns conducted for corroded plates characterized by variable DoD and monitored using nine different transducers configurations. It is the first step in developing a novel measurement procedure specially designed for the ship and offshore industry. Therefore, because of the initial stage of the study, the last part of the paper discusses the limitations and drawbacks of the presented wave symmetry-based approach.
Non-invasive investigation of a submerged medieval harbour, a case study from Puck Lagoon
- Łukasz Janowski
- Andrzej Pydyn
- Mateusz Popek
- Paweł Tysiąc
2024 Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports
This study presents an innovative approach to underwater archaeological prospection using non-invasive methods of seabed exploration. The research focuses on the Puck medieval harbour, a cultural heritage site, and utilises acoustic and optical underwater remote-sensing technology. The primary objectives include optimising the use of Airborne Laser Bathymetry in underwater archaeology, enhancing the filtration process for mapping underwater sites, and utilising data from both multibeam echosounder and bathymetric LiDAR for detailed archaeological research. A systematic approach to data processing is advocated to maximise the value of collected data and inform subsequent investigations. The study demonstrates the high accuracy of bathymetric datasets from optical and acoustic sources, with an R-squared correlation coefficient of 0.9853. The application of these techniques is demonstrated, underscoring the compatibility and effective combination of these methods in underwater archaeological exploration. This research provides valuable insights and directions for future archaeological prospections based on active remote-sensing measurements.
NONSTRUCTURAL STIFFNESS ASSESSMENT IN INSTRUMENTED STEEL BUILDINGS
- Tomasz Falborski
- Amit Kanvinde
2024
Lateral stiffness of nonstructural components may significantly influence the initial stiffness of the entire structure and consequently alter its dynamic characteristics. While methods for simulating structural members are well-established, approaches for modeling nonstructural components that also participate in seismic response are notably less developed. In this paper a simplified, physically-intuitive approach for estimating the stiffness of nonstructural members based on vibration recordings of buildings is presented. The method comprises two components: (1) identifying the instants during the time history wherein components of interstory velocity are negligible, such that damping forces are zero, and (2) at these instants, using static analysis to estimate forces in the structural members by applying the recorded displacements to the entire structure, and the accelerations to all masses above the story of interest. The method derives from first-principles of dynamics and structural analysis, and is assessed against experimental data including shake table results on steel frames with nonstructural walls as well as quasi-static tests on the similar walls. The results are critically discussed in the context of their prospective applications in practical settings.
Normal stress distribution in built‑up cold‑formed column in relation to interconnecting bolt spacing
- Patryk Deniziak
- Elżbieta Urbańska-Galewska
- Małgorzata Gordziej-Zagórowska
2024 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports
In order to increase a stiffness of cold-formed steel (CFS) elements it is practised to built-up the cross-section. In the analysed case, a main element is strengthened by adding extra chord in contact partially along the column. This additional chord acts as a longitudinal stiffener connected with the main section by series of bolts. Authors check whether rules applied over the years, for hot-rolled elements, can be indiscriminately used in the analysed CFS element. The aim of this study is to experimentally and computationally recognize the normal stress distribution in axially compressed CFS built-up column chords and to evaluate the element load-bearing capacity.
Novel Complementary Multiple Concentric Split Ring Resonator for Reliable Characterization of Dielectric Substrates with High Sensitivity
- Tanveer Haq Ul
- Sławomir Kozieł
2024 IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
Accurate characterization of dielectric substrates with high sensitivity remains an important challenge in a variety of industrial applications. This paper proposes an innovative strategy to address this challenge by developing and optimizing a unique Complementary Multiple Concentric Split Ring Resonator (CMC-SRR). The major goal is to propose a sensor design with increased sensitivity and reliability for dielectric characterization. The CMC-SRR sensor uses simple complementary SRR structures and a 50 Ω microstrip transmission line to resonate at 17 GHz. To obtain optimal performance, a sensitivity analysis is performed, taking into account the structure's shape, size, thickness, and permittivity (MUT). Fabrication specifics include the use of an LPKF ProtoLaser on a 0.51-mm-thick Rogers 5880 substrate, which allows for more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing. An inverse regression model is created to forecast the permittivity of unknown materials using measured resonance frequencies and sample thickness. Our research yielded significant results, including a relative sensitivity greater than eight percent and a maximum permittivity prediction error of less than seven percent. These findings outperform current state-of-the-art complementary resonator-based sensors described in the literature.
Novel Complementary Resonator for Dielectric Characterization of Substrates Based on Permittivity and Thickness
- Tanveer Haq Ul
- Sławomir Kozieł
2024 IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
This paper presents a novel complementary resonator featuring high sensitivity, low fabrication cost, and improved performance. The proposed structure consists of a complementary concentric square and circular ring resonator (CCSCRR) with multiple splits to enhance the inductance of the resonator. The proposed CCSCRR is coupled to a microstrip transmission line with an impedance of fifty ohms to create a high-sensitivity sensor. The lumped element equivalent circuit is employed to explain the sensor's operating principle. The geometric parameters of the CCSCRR are optimized to resonate at 15 GHz and the optimized sensor is fabricated on 0.762 mm thick dielectric substrate AD250 (εr = 2.5 ± 0.04). Dielectric materials with relative permittivity ranging from 2.5 to 10.2 and thickness from 0.508 mm to 1.905 mm are employed to investigate the properties of the proposed sensor and to carry out its calibration. Based on the measured resonant frequencies of the CCSCRR sensor when loaded with different materials under test (MUTs), an inverse regression model is constructed to predict the permittivity of the MUT. Comparisons with state-of-the-art microwave devices show that the proposed design is superior in terms of sensitivity, dielectric characterization reliability, and the applicability scope in terms of the MUT’s thickness and permittivity.
Novel fused pyran derivatives induce apoptosis and target cell cycle progression in anticancer efficacy against multiple cell lines.
- K. Fabitha
- Anoop Kallingal
- Natalia Maciejewska
- C. G. Arya
- Munugala Chandrakanth
- Neethu Mariam Thomas
- Yupeng Li
- Ramesh Gondru
- Manne Munikumar
- Janardhan Banothu
2024 Pełny tekst NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
Nitrogen-based heterocycles such as pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,4-triazole, benzimidazole, and benzotriazole substituted fused pyran derivatives (6a–e, 8a–e, 10a–e, 12a–e,&14a–e) have been synthesized and tested for their in vitro anticancer efficacies against MCF7, A549, and HCT116 cancer cell lines. Among the compounds, 6e, 14b, and 8c were identified as the most potent against MCF7, A549, and HCT116, with IC50 values of 12.46 2.72 mM, 0.23 0.12 mM, and 7.58 1.01 mM, respectively. Further studies demonstrated that these compounds can change cellular and nuclear morphology and inhibit colony formation in the tested cancer cells. They also remarkably block/inhibit the cell cycle progression of cancer cells at various phases. DNA damage analysis and apoptosis studies revealed that these compounds have the potential to induce DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties of the potent compounds were assessed, revealing that all the compounds exhibited favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicological properties. The potent compounds identified from this study can be considered as a lead for further drug design and development.
Novel materials and approaches for solid-phase (micro) extraction in LC-MS-based metabolomics
- Michał Młynarczyk
- Mariusz Belka
- Weronika Hewelt-Belka
2024 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Metabolomics offers a unique approach to study biological systems. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry serves as a powerful analytical tool to analyze complex mixtures of metabolites. However, successful metabolomic analysis relies on sample preparation. While untargeted analysis traditionally favors nonselective procedures like liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), these methods can compromise analytical performance due to limited analyte enrichment and potential matrix interferences. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) has emerged as a well-established and versatile technique for this purpose, offering advantages over other traditional methods like LLE. This review explores the applications of SPE and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) in LC-MS-based metabolomics. We discuss various modes of SPE, ranging from conventional flow-through cartridges and plates to approaches involving the dispersion of sorbent in a sample, as well as sorbents, their properties, and the diverse geometries of support materials employed in SPME. This review underscores the potential of emerging extraction protocols to further accelerate metabolomics research.
Novel monovalent and multivalent recombinant proteins of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato with potential diagnostic value – construction and biotechnological production
- Weronika Grąźlewska
2024 Pełny tekst
The diverse antigenic structure of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) and the low degree of protein sequence conservation between genospecies causes many limitations in serodiagnosis of Lyme disease (LD). Using expression systems based on Escherichia coli, five monovalent B. burgdorferi s.l. recombinant proteins were produced. i.e., BB0108, BB0126, BB0298, BB0323, BB0689 (each in three variants derived from Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii) and four multivalent chimeric proteins containing fragments of BmpA, BBK32 and BBA64 antigens. Data obtained from bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid sequence and linear epitope mapping with polypeptide array were used to design chimeric proteins. Subsequently, Western blot (WB) and ELISA determined the reactivity of the obtained antigens with specific anti-B. burgdorferi s.l. antibodies contained in human sera. The results indicate that BB0108 and BB0323 show moderate reactivity with specific IgG and IgM in WB and ELISA, regardless of the antigen variant used. At the same time, the obtained chimeric proteins showed high reactivity with IgG in WB. In addition, it has been shown that epitope mapping can be useful in the design of chimeric proteins that exhibit reactivity with a specific antibody isotype to increase the effectiveness of Lyme disease serodiagnosis.
Novel sorptive extraction techniques in bioanalysis evaluated by Blue Applicability Grade Index: The paradigm of fabric phase sorptive extraction and capsule phase microextraction
- Natalia Manousi
- Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
- Victoria F. Samanidou
2024 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) and capsule phase microextraction (CPME) are two sol-gel derived microextraction techniques that emerged in the last decade towards the minimization of the environmental impact of conventional sample preparation approaches. Complementary to the well-established green metric tools, Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) was recently proposed for the evaluation of method’s practicability. In this frame, BAGI evaluates the main characteristics of the sample preparation and analytical method (i.e., type of analysis, number of analytes, sample preparation, sample volume, sample throughput and simultaneous sample preparation, reagents and materials, instrumentation and automation degree, the fitness for purpose, and the automation degree) which revolve around the practical aspects of White Analytical Chemistry. The new index could easily identify the weak and strong points of each protocol for the successful evaluation of their practicality. In this article, BAGI was applied for the evaluation of different FPSE and CPME methods used in bioanalysis, proving their applicability.
Nowe zasady projektowania infrastruktury tramwajowej
- Jacek Szmagliński
2024 Pełny tekst Inżynier Budownictwa
Wprowadzone we wrześniu 2022 roku zmiany w zasadach projektowania dróg, zwieńczone nowym Rozporządzeniem Ministra Infrastruktury w sprawie przepisów techniczno-budowlanych dotyczących dróg publicznych spowodowały pojawienie się daleko idących konsekwencji w przypadku projektowania tras tramwajowych.
Numerical Analysis of Mice Carotid Arteries’ Response Emphasizing the Importance of Material Law Constants’ Validation
- Bartosz Sobczyk
- Jacek Chróścielewski
- Krzysztof Wilde
2024 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel
In this paper, a detailed validation of the passive material properties of mice carotid arteries and constants of the Fung and Holzapfel hyperelastic material laws is conducted by means of static nonlinear FEM analyses. The response of the carotid arteries in an inflation test is studied here for the following mouse models: wild-type, mdx, sgcd−/−, Eln+/+, Eln+/−, Fbln5+/+, and Fbln5−/−. All FEM computations are conducted on models that have been preliminarily checked for their reliability. The results of the calculations, namely, the relation between the internal pressure and the artery outer diameter, are verified against experimental responses and the applicability of the laws is assessed. New sets of Holzapfel constitutive relation constants are proposed for Eln+/+ and Fbln5−/− mice. Finally, the problem of carotid artery buckling is also discussed. The buckling pressures of the arteries are predicted using FEM models and nonlinear static analyses. These values are compared with the reference experimental results, which allow for further validation of the constitutive relations. The research emphasizes that computations and numerical methods enable an accurate description of bioengineering processes and behaviors but only if the models used are appropriately validated.
Numerical Determination of the Load-Bearing Capacity of a Perforated Thin-Walled Beam in a Structural System with a Steel Grating
- Arkadiusz Denisiewicz
- Tomasz Socha
- Krzysztof Kula
- Wojciech Macek
- Wojciech Błażejewski
- Grzegorz Lesiuk
2024 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel
This article presents the results of numerical simulations of a structural system consisting of steel perforated thin-walled beams and a steel grating. The simulations were conducted using the finite element method. The analysis took into account physical and geometric nonlinearity as well as the contact between the steel grating and the beams. The main goal of the research was to develop load-bearing curves for the main beam in the span range of 3–6 m and to identify destruction patterns depending on the span of the structural system. For the purpose of validating the developed numerical model, laboratory tests were conducted on two structural systems with spans of 3 m and 6 m, as well as tests on the strength parameters of the material taken from the tested beams. The laboratory tests confirmed the correctness of the proposed numerical model, which allowed for the simulation of the behavior of the structural system in the full range of spans.
Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Vehicular Crashes into Three-Bar Metal Bridge Rail
- Howie Fang
- Christopher Jaus
- Qian Wang
- Emre Palta
- Łukasz Pachocki
- Dawid Bruski
2024 Computation
Advanced finite element (FE) modeling and simulations were performed on vehicular crashes into a three-bar metal bridge rail (TMBR). The FE models of a sedan, a pickup truck, and a TMBR section were adopted in the crash simulations subject to Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 2 (TL-2) and Test Level 3 (TL-3) requirements. The test vehicle models were first validated using full-scale physical crash tests conducted on a two-bar metal bridge using a sedan and a pickup truck with similar overall physical properties and sizes to their respective vehicles used in the simulations. The validated vehicular models were then used to evaluate the crash performance of the TMBR using MASH evaluation criteria for structural adequacy, occupant risk, and post-impact trajectory. The TMBR met all MASH TL-2 requirements but failed to meet the MASH TL-3 Criteria H and N requirements when impacted by the sedan. The TMBR was also evaluated under in-service conditions (behind a 1.52 m wide sidewalk) and impacted by the sedan under MASH TL-3 conditions. The simulation results showed that the TMBR behind a sidewalk met all safety requirements except for the occupant impact velocity in the longitudinal direction, which exceeded the MASH limit by 3.93%.
Numerical modeling of PFAS movement through the vadose zone: Influence of plant water uptake and soil organic carbon distribution
- Barbara Biesek
- Adam Szymkiewicz
- Jirka Simunek
- Anna Gumuła-Kawęcka
- Beata Jaworska-Szulc
2024 Pełny tekst SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
In this study, we investigated the effects of soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution and water uptake by plant roots on PFAS movement in the vadose zone with a deep groundwater table under temperate, humid climate conditions. Two series of numerical simulations were performed with the HYDRUS computer code, representing the leaching of historical PFOS contamination and the infiltration of water contaminated with PFOA, respectively. We considered soil profiles with three distributions of SOC (no SOC, realistic SOC distribution decreasing with depth, and uniform SOC equal to the content measured in topsoil), three root distributions (bare soil, grassland, and forest), and three soil textures (sand, sandy loam, and loam). The SOC distribution had a profound impact on the velocity of PFOS movement. The apparent retardation factor for realistic SOC distribution was twice as large as for the scenario with no SOC and more than three times smaller than for the scenario with uniformly high SOC content. We also showed that the root distribution in soil profoundly impacts the simulations of PFAS migration through soil. Including the root zone significantly slows down the movement of PFAS, primarily due to increased evapotranspiration and reduced downward water flux. Another effect of water uptake by plant roots is an increase of PFAS concentrations in soil water (evapo-concentration). The evapo-concentration and the slowdown of PFAS movement due to root water uptake are more significant in fine-textured soils than in sand.