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  • Sustainable Management of Food Wastes Through Cavitation-Assisted Conversion into Value-Added Products
    • Zahra Askarniya
    • Xun Sun
    • Chongqing Wang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024

    More than 30% of worldwide food consumption is thrown out as food wastes causing serious environmental, economic, and social problems. Therefore, it is required to develop sustainable food waste management methods leading to an enhancement in social and economic benefits and mitigation of environmental impacts. Anaerobic digestion can be regarded as one of those effective methods that can be employed for the conversion of food waste to value-added products. Food wastes are normally resistant towards hydrolysis (the first stage of anaerobic digestion), leading to a reduction in the formation of desired products. Cavitation is one of the useful pretreatment methods that can mitigate this problem and also increase mass transfer, which is a severe barrier to the reaction producing biodiesel (transesterification), leading to high rates of hydrolysis and transesterification. Cavitation is the formation, growth, and collapse of bubbles formed in the solution. Considering the subsequent effect of the collapse of generated bubbles (ability to disintegrate solid material, turbulence, high temperature and pressure, and radical formation), cavitation can be considered an efficient technique for minimizing the time and optimizing the generation of valuable products from food wastes. This technology can cause microbes to easily access substrates, resulting in an enhancement in microbial growth and the formation of products. Additionally, it can increase mass transfer between reactants, decreasing the time required in transesterification for producing biodiesel.

  • Symbolic multibody models for digital-twin applications
    • Nicolas Docquier
    • Krzysztof Lipiński
    • Olivier Lantsoght
    • Sebastien Timmermans
    • Paul Fisette
    2024 MULTIBODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS

    Symbolic generation of multibody systems equations of motion appeared in the 1980s. In addition to their computational advantage over their numerical counterparts, symbolic models can be very easily and straightforwardly interfaced with a wide range of software environments and hardware devices. These two features place this approach in a pole position to participate and intervene in the design of digital twins for systems such as vehicles, manipulators, walking robots or haptic devices. In this context, the first goal of this paper is to highlight the interest of symbolically generated multibody models – at the root of the ROBOTRAN program – in the form of a standalone set of equations calculating the dynamic model of multibody systems, for use as a computational component within a Digital-Twin-type process. The next goal is to embed realistic and complex multibody models within processes or devices whose functioning requires a synchronized real-time computation – or analysis – of their motion. An implementation (i) on specific hardware and (ii) on two extremely opposite but revealing applications (namely a railway vehicle and a digital piano) are presented to highlight the usefulness of symbolic models for the development of current and future multibody-based digital twins.

  • Synergism of floated paperboard sludge cake /sewage sludge for maximizing biomethane yield and biochar recovery from digestate: A step towards circular economy
    • Rania H. Hafez
    • Ahmed Tawfik
    • Gamal K. Hassan
    • Magdy Zahran
    • Ahmed A. Younes
    • Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska
    • Filip Gamoń
    • Mahmoud Nasr
    2024 CHEMOSPHERE

    Anaerobic digestion of floated paperboard sludge (PS) cake suffers from volatile fatty acids (VFAs) accumulation, nutrient unbalanced condition, and generation of digestate with a risk of secondary pollution. To overcome these drawbacks, sewage sludge (SS) was added to PS cake for biogas recovery improvement under a co-digestion process followed by the thermal treatment of solid fraction of digestate for biochar production. Batch experimental assays were conducted at different SS:PS mixing ratios of 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 20:80 (w/w), and their anaerobic co-digestion performances were compared to the mono-digestion systems at 35±0.2 °C for 45 days. The highest methane yield (MY) of 241.68±14.81 mL/g CODremoved was obtained at the optimum SS:PS ratio of 50:50 (w/w). This experimental condition was accompanied by protein, carbohydrate, and VFA conversion efficiencies of 47.3±3.2%, 46.8±3.2%, and 56.3±3.8%, respectively. The synergistic effect of SS and PS cake encouraged the dominance of Bacteroidota (23.19%), Proteobacteria (49.65%), Patescibacteria (8.12%), and Acidovorax (12.60%) responsible for hydrolyzing the complex organic compounds and converting the VFAs into biomethane. Further, the solid fraction of digestate was subjected to thermal treatment at a temperature of 500 °C for 2.0 h, under an oxygen-limited condition. The obtained biochar had a yield of 0.48 g/g dry digestate, and its oxygen-to-carbon (O/C), carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N), and carbon-to-phosphorous (C/P) ratios were 0.55, 10.23, and 16.42, respectively. A combined anaerobic co-digestion/pyrolysis system (capacity 50 m3/d) was designed based on the COD mass balance experimental data and biogenic CO2 market price of 22 USD/ton. This project could earn profits from biogas (12565 USD/yr), biochar (6641 USD/yr), carbon credit (8014 USD/yr), and COD shadow price (6932 USD/yr). The proposed project could maintain a payback period of 6.60 yr. However, further studies are required to determine the associated life cycle cost model that is useful to validate the batch experiment assumptions.

  • Synergistic effects of a swirl generator and MXene/ water nanofluids used in a heat exchanger pipe of a negative CO2 emission gas power plant
    • Milad Amiri
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2024 NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS

    focus on optimizing heat exchangers contributes to improved temperature control mechanisms, ensuring the sustainable operation of innovative power plants working towards negative CO2 emissions. In the realm of oxy-combustion within Negative CO2 Emission Power Plants (nCO2PP), the temperature of combustion products surpasses 3000 (K). Addressing this challenge, the imperative arises to reduce these elevated temperatures to a manageable 1100(°C). This critical cooling process is achieved through the injection of water, facilitated by the implementation of heat exchangers. The study delves into the optimization of heat transfer within the heat exchanger pipe, specifically tailored for the context of a Negative CO2 Emission Power Plant. Employing a numerical simulation, the investigation explores the impact of vortex generator geometry, vane angles, single and dual propeller-type swirl generators, and the integration of a novel class of fluid, MXene/water nanofluid. Initially, the study scrutinizes propeller-type geometry at vane angles spanning from 15 to 60 degrees. The enhanced swirl flow associated with lower vane angles leads to improved fluid mixing, fostering more effective heat transfer. Results showed that the 15-degree vane angle, with a wider circumferential coverage, may result in increased wall contact, influencing heat transfer efficiency. Subsequently, at Re=6000, incremental rates of the Nusselt number ((〖Nu〗_n-〖Nu〗_s)/〖Nu〗_s %), for θ=15, 30, 45, and 60 degrees are 175.1%, 108.8%, 90.7%, and 40.3%, respectively. Also, the increment rates of Friction Factor (f_n/f_s ) for aforementioned vane angle are 38.48%, 9.26%, 4.08%, and 2.42%, respectively. In addition, for ∅_MXene=0.5 %, the Nusselt number experiences considerable increments of 22.94%, 24.17%, 24.70%, and 24.707% at Reynolds numbers of 6000, 12000, 18000, and 24000, respectively, compared to pure water, emphasizing the potential of MXene to enhance heat transfer efficiency.

  • Synteza i charakterystyka „zielonych” mieszanin polimerowych na bazie biopochodnego termoplastycznego poliuretanu i octanomaślanu celulozy
    • Ewa Głowińska
    • Joanna Smorawska
    • Joanna Niesiobędzka
    • Julia Grocholska
    • Janusz Datta
    2024 Pełny tekst Przemysł Chemiczny

    Otrzymano mieszaniny polimerowe z biopochodnego termoplastycznego poliuretanu (TPU) i dostępnego handlowo octanomaślanu celulozy (CAB), stosowanego w ilości 0–20%. TPU syntezowano metodą prepolimerową z wykorzystaniem biopoliolu, glikolu 1,3-propylenowego i diizocyjanianu heksametylenu. Materiały poddano analizie pod kątem struktury chemicznej (FTIR), właściwości termicznych (TGA, DSC) i właściwości termomechanicznych (DMTA).

  • Synteza małocząsteczkowych pochodnych 2-pirydonu wykazujących właściwości przeciwnowotworowe oraz przeciwbakteryjne
    • Małgorzata Ryczkowska
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Tematyka i cel badawczy niniejszej rozprawy doktorskiej dotyczy syntezy chemicznej związków heterocyklicznych z grupy 2-pirydonu wykazujących potencjał przeciwbakteryjny oraz przeciwnowotworowy. W części teoretycznej podjęto tematykę znanych fluorochinolonów oraz chinolonów wykazujących aktywność przeciwnowotworową. Dodatkowo przedstawiono nowe metody syntezy chinolonów niewymagające stosowania katalizatorów metali przejściowych oraz opublikowane na przestrzeni ostatnich 15 lat. W części badań własnych przedstawiono syntezę arylokarbamoilowych pochodnych 4-fenylo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochinolin-2(1H)-onu oraz badania mające na celu poznanie mechanizmu demetylowania podczas acylowania 2-metoksy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochinolin-8-olu izocyjanianami fenylowymi. Przedstawiono w niej również syntezę 4-fenylo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochinolin-2(1H)-onów modyfikowanych w pozycji 3 podstawnikami typu benzylowego. Ponadto opisano nową metodę syntezy typu „one-pot” rdzeni 4-fenylo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrochinolin-2(1H)-onu, zbadano mechanizm powstawania trójcyklicznych pochodnych oraz przedstawiono funkcjonalizację pilicydu grupami o charakterze hydrofilowym. W części eksperymentalnej przedstawiono procedury syntezy oraz analizę spektralną wszystkich otrzymanych związków.

  • Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 3,6- amide and thioamide substituted- 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazoles for anti-cancer activity
    • Alicja Trocka
    • Anoop Kallingal
    • Natalia Maciejewska
    • Narajczyk Magdalena
    • Anna Hromova
    • Sławomir Makowiec
    2024 Pełny tekst EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

    Herein, we report the synthesis of new compounds with demonstrated anticancer properties based on the 2,3,4,9- tetrahydro-1H-carbazole scaffold. The Fischer indolization method was used to close the heterocyclic motif. The synthesis method’s scope and limitations were thoroughly assessed through a series of experiments. Biological assays revealed that two thioamide compounds exhibited significant anticancer activity against MCF-7, HTC116, and A596 cell lines. Comprehensive in vitro profiling included evaluation of cell cytotoxicity, morphological alterations, colony formation and cell adhesion in 3D cultures, cell cycle analysis, DNA damage induction, impact on mitochondria, and apoptosis. Ex ovo studies further demonstrated these compounds’ potential to inhibit angiogenic processes. Our results indicate that the newly developed compounds activate processes leading to DNA damage and disruption of mitochondrial function.

  • Synthesis and characterization of MoS2-carbon based materials for enhanced energy storage applications
    • Mariusz Szkoda
    • Anna Ilnicka
    • Konrad Trzciński
    • Zuzanna Zarach
    • Daria Roda
    • Andrzej Nowak
    2024 Scientific Reports

    The article delves into the synthesis and characterization of MoS2-carbon-based materials, holding promise for applications in supercapacitors and ion batteries. The synthesis process entails the preparation of MoS2 and its carbon hybrids through exfoliation, hydrothermal treatment, and subsequent pyrolysis. Various analytical techniques were employed to comprehensively examine the structural, compositional, and morphological properties of the resulting materials. The article explores the electrochemical performance of these electrode materials in supercapacitors and ion batteries (LiB, SiB, KiB). Electrochemical measurements were conducted in aqueous electrolyte for supercapacitors and various aprotic electrolytes for ion batteries. Results highlight the impact of the synthesis process on electrochemical performance, emphasizing factors such as capacitance, rate capability, and charge/discharge cycle performance. Hydrothermally treated MoS2-carbon exhibited a specific capacitance of approximately 150 F g-1 in supercapacitors, attributed to its high surface area and efficient charge storage mechanisms. Additionally, for Li-ion battery materials without hydrothermal treatment showed impressive capacity retention of around 88% after 500 charge-discharge cycles, starting with an initial specific capacity of about 920 mAh/g. Long-term stability was demonstrated in both supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries, with minimal capacitance degradation even after extensive charge-discharge cycles. This research underscores the potential of MoS2-based materials as effective energy storage solutions.

  • Synthesis and physical properties of Sm2PdGe3 in a context of RE2PdGe3 family
    • Leszek Litzbarski
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Michał Winiarski
    2024 JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY

    In this study, we present the crystallographic and magnetic characterization of a new intermetallic compound Sm2PdGe3, which was synthetized by a two stage method employing an eutectic alloy. The investigations carried out exhibited, that Sm2PdGe3 crystallize in AlB2-type structure with lattice parameters a = 4.2189(1) Å and c = 4.1031(2) Å. This compound can be classified as a cluster-glass with a spin freezing temperature Tf = 10.5 K. Furthermore, there were carried out the analysis of the role of the rare earth (RE) elements on the structural parameters of RE2PdGe3 and draw a correlation between the RE radius and the unit cell parameters. We show that a deviation from the ideal 1:3 Pd:Ge ratio is necessary to synthesize RE2PdGe3 with smaller RE elements.

  • Synthesis and Properties of the Ba2PrWO6 Double Perovskite
    • Damian Włodarczyk
    • Mikolaj Amilusik
    • Katarzyna M. Kosyl
    • Maciej Chrunik
    • Krystyna Ławniczak-Jabłońska
    • Hanka Przybylińska
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Michał Strankowski
    • Lev-Ivan Bulyk
    • Volodymyr Tsiumra
    • Rajibul Islam
    • Carmine Autieri
    • Fei Xue
    • Marcin Zając
    • Anastasiia Lysak
    • Roman Minikayev
    • Michal Bockowski
    • Andrzej Suchocki
    2024 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    We report details on the synthesis and properties of barium praseodymium tungstate, Ba2PrWO6, a double perovskite that has not been synthesized before. Room-temperature (RT) powder X-ray diffraction identified the most probable space group (SG) as monoclinic I2/m, but it was only slightly distorted from the cubic structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the initial (postsynthesis) material contained praseodymium in both 3+ and 4+ charge states. The former (Pr3+) disappeared after exposure to UV light at RT. Photoluminescence studies of Pr3+ revealed that Ba2PrWO6 is an insulator with a band gap exceeding 4.93 eV. Pressure-dependent Raman spectroscopy excluded the possibility of a phase transition up to 20 GPa; however, measurements between 8 and 873 K signified that there might be a change toward the lower symmetry SG below 200 K. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra revealed the presence of interstitial oxygen which acts as a deep electron trap.

  • Synthesis and Structure of Novel Hybrid Compounds Containing Phthalazin-1(2H)-imine and 4,5-Dihydro-1H-imidazole Cores and Their Sulfonyl Derivatives with Potential Biological Activities
    • Łukasz Balewski
    • Maria Gdaniec
    • Anna Herring
    • Christophe Furman
    • Alina Ghinet
    • Jakub Kokoszka
    • Anna Ordyszewska
    • Anita Kornicka
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    A novel hybrid compound—2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phthalazin-1(2H)-imine (5) was synthesized and converted into di-substituted sulfonamide derivatives 6a–o and phthalazine ring opening products—hydrazonomethylbenzonitriles 7a–m. The newly prepared compounds were characterized using elemental analyses, IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as mass spectrometry. Single crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected for the representative compounds 5, 6c, 6e, 7g, and 7k. The antiproliferative activity of compound 5, sulfonyl derivatives 6a–o and benzonitriles 7a–m was evaluated on approximately sixty cell lines within nine tumor-type subpanels, including leukemia, lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast. None of the tested compounds showed any activity against the cancer cell lines used. The antioxidant properties of all compounds were assessed using the DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP radical scavenging methods, as well as the β-carotene bleaching test. Antiradical tests revealed that among the investigated compounds, a moderate ABTS antiradical effect was observed for sulfonamide 6j (IC50 = 52.77 µg/mL). Benzonitrile 7i bearing two chlorine atoms on a phenyl ring system showed activity in a β-carotene bleaching test (IC50 = 86.21 µg/mL). Finally, the interaction AGE/RAGE in the presence of the selected phthalazinimines 6a, 6b, 6g, 6m, and hydrazonomethylbenzonitriles 7a, 7c–g, and 7i–k was determined by ELISA assay. A moderate inhibitory potency toward RAGE was found for hydrazonomethylbenzonitriles—7d with an electron-donating methoxy group (R = 3-CH3O-C6H4) and 7f, 7k with an electron-withdrawing substituent (7f, R = 2-Cl-C6H4; 7k, R = 4-NO2-C6H4).

  • Synthesis, characterization and application of cross-linked functional terpolymer through epoxy group as sorbent for extraction of cadmium from waters and foods: Multivariate optimization
    • Ersen Yılmaz
    • Ali Boztuğ
    • Hameed Haq
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Nail Altunay
    2024 Pełny tekst FOOD CHEMISTRY

    The purpose of this study was to develop a selective sorbent for cadmium ions (Cd(II)) enrichment in orbital shaker assisted solid phase microextraction (OS-SPME) from different aqueous and food samples. A maleic anhydride-styrene-glycidyl methacrylate (MA-St-GMA) terpolymer was synthesized and characterized in detail. Experimental variables of sample preparation step were optimized using a central composite design (CCD). The final determination step was performed using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The MA-St-GMA sorbent exhibited a high adsorption capacity (195.9 mg g−1) for the Cd(II) ion. The developed method under optimal conditions provides satisfactory performance and a significant improvement compared to other protocols available in the literature. The linear range and detection limit of the method is 0.1–130 ng mL−1 and 0.03 ng mL−1, respectively. The robustness, intraday/interday precision, selectivity, and accuracy of the method were investigated. To further validate the method, a dedicated series of analysis was performed using certified reference materials (CRMs). This part of the study confirmed the applicability of the method for routine analysis. The OS-SPME-FAAS method was validated using water and food samples. Relative standard deviations and recovery for real-world samples were in ranges 1.7–2.2 % and 95.5–98.5 %, respectively. As a result, the MA-St-GMA sorbent showed that it could quantitatively extract Cd(II) ions from aqueous solution.

  • Synthesis of Trehalose by the Erythritol-Producing Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica Co-Displaying Maltooligosyltrehalose Synthase and Maltooligosyltrehalose Trehalohydrolase
    • Shuo Xu
    • Yawen Zou
    • Liyun Ji
    • Muhammad Bilal
    • Hairong Cheng
    2024 ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering

    Industrial trehalose production faces economic challenges with costly enzyme preparations, prompting the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives. Here, we established a coupled functional sugar production line leveraging erythritolproducing cells as an innovative enzyme preparation for trehalose synthesis. The erythritol-producing Yarrowia lipolytica was modified to express a fusion protein consisting of maltooligosyltrehalose synthase and maltooligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase from Sulfolobus solfataricus ATCC35092. The engineered strain YlxsT08 was used for the simultaneous synthesis of erythritol and the fusion protein. The yield, production, and productivity of erythritol reached 0.55 g/g of glucose, 166.18 g/L, and 1.98 g/(L· h), respectively, in a 5 L bioreactor. The recycled cells (49.77 U/ mg of DCW) exhibited a high catalytic efficiency in the bioconversion of maltodextrin to generate trehalose. The yield, production, and productivity of trehalose reached 0.67 g/g maltodextrin, 134.40 g/L, and 5.60 g/(L·h), respectively, in a 5 L bioreactor. The byproducts were removed by biological purification, and the resulting cells were recycled as catalysts for at least the next 5 rounds of trehalose production. Our novel strategy provides an ecologically sustainable and economically feasible alternative to enzyme combinations in trehalose production, offering a cost-effective and eco-friendly enzyme manufacturing method.

  • Synthesis, photophysical characterisation, quantum-chemical study and in vitro antiproliferative activity of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes based on 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole and N,N-donor ligands
    • Joanna Masternak
    • Karol Okła
    • Adam Kubas
    • Jiří Voller
    • Karolína Kozlanská
    • Małgorzata Zienkiewicz-Machnik
    • Agnieszka Gilewska
    • Jerzy Sitkowski
    • Anna Kamecka
    • Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
    • Barbara Barszcz
    2024 DALTON TRANSACTIONS

    In this paper, we present the synthesis of four new complexes: the dimeric precursor [Ir(dmppz)2(μ-Cl)]2 (1) (Hdmppz – 3,5-dimethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole) and heteroleptic bis-cyclometalated complexes: [Ir (dmppz)2 (Py2CO)]PF6 · 1 2 CH2 Cl2 (2), [Ir(dmppz)2 (H2biim)]PF6·H 2 O (3), and [Ir(dmppz)2 (PyBIm)]PF 6 (4), with auxiliary N,N-donor ligands: 2-di(pyridyl)ketone (Py2CO), 2,2’-biimidazole (H 2biim) and 2-(2’-pyridyl)ben- zimidazole (PyBIm). In the obtained complexes, SC-X-ray analysis revealed that Ir( III) has an octahedral coordination sphere with chromophores of the type {IrN2 C2Cl2 } (1) or {IrN 4C 2} (2–4). The complexes obtained, which have been fully characterised by physicochemical methods (CHN, TG, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL and 1 H, 13 C, 15 N NMR), were used to continue our studies on the factors influencing the cytotoxic pro- perties of potential chemotherapeutic agents (in vitro). To this end, the following studies are presented: (i) comparative analysis of the effects on the biological properties of N,N-donor ligands and C,N-donor ligands in the studied complexes, (ii) studies of the interactions of the compounds with the selected molecular target: DNA and BSA (UV-Vis, CD and PL methods), (iii) and the reactivity towards redox mole- cules: GSH, NADH (UV-Vis and/or ESI-MS methods), (iv) cytotoxic activity (IC50) of potential chemothera- peutics against MCF-7, K-562 and CCRF-CEM cell lines.

  • Synthesis, structure and luminescence properties of borate-bismuth glasses and glass-ceramics doped with rare earth ions
    • Karolina Milewska
    2024 Pełny tekst

    In a doctoral dissertation, new borate-bismuth glasses and glass-ceramics containing AlF3 and SrF2 were examined as potential hosts for RE3+ ions. Experimental studies were conducted to determine optimal conditions for synthesizing transparent borate-bismuth glasses and glass ceramics, with a focus on analyzing their structure and luminescence properties. The introduction of AlF3 into the glass matrix led to an increase in the luminescence intensity of RE3+ ions in glasses containing 10 mol% AlF3. It was observed that the emitted color could be adjusted by varying the ratios of RE3+ ions. In the study of glass-ceramic systems doped with SrF2, successful crystallization of SrF2 nanocrystals was achieved. Structural modifications of the parental glass, leading to SrF2 nanostructure crystallization, were found to depend strongly on the initial amount of strontium fluoride. An increase in luminescence intensity was observed after annealing in samples containing 20 mol% SrF2. Luminescence lifetimes indicated that some of the Eu3+ ions were located in SrF2 nanocrystals, which was further supported by analysis of Judd–Ofelt parameters and luminescence intensity ratio. The presented results suggest that the proposed glasses and glass ceramics could serve as suitable matrices for optically active RE3+ ions.

  • System oceny efektywności użytkowania aparatów słuchowych
    • Piotr Szymański
    2024 Pełny tekst

    Celem rozprawy jest opracowanie metody oceny efektywności protezowania słuchu przy użyciu aparatów słuchowych, która pozwoli w łatwy sposób poddawać ocenie korzyść z użytkowania protez słuchowych w najbardziej typowych sytuacjach akustycznych. Przedstawiono genezę podjętych badań i na tej podstawie zaproponowano cele i tezy rozprawy doktorskiej. W pracy w pierwszej kolejności zawarto przegląd dotyczący rodzajów ubytku słuchu i jego wpływu na jakość życia, rozwiązania wspomagające osoby z ubytkiem słuchu oraz stosowane metody oceny efektywności użytkowania aparatów słuchowych. Wybrane metody omówiono zgodnie ze stanem wiedzy, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem kwestionariusza APHAB (Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit), który jest jedną z najważniejszych i najczęściej aktualnie stosowanych metod dopasowania aparatów słuchowych. W celu realizacji badań i zebrania danych przygotowano aplikację internetową, która została wdrożona w około 200 punktach protetycznych. Uzyskane dane poddano analizie statystycznej. Analiza wykorzystująca test MUSHRA (MUltiple Stimuli with Hidden Reference and Anchor) oraz wnioskowanie regułowe oparte na logice rozmytej stała się podstawą modyfikacji zaproponowanego systemu. We wnioskach odniesiono się do tez badawczych, wdrożenia zaproponowanej metody, jak również podano kierunki rozwoju prowadzonych badań.

  • System wizyjny dla robota łapiącego piłki
    • Bartosz Czaja
    • Marek Tatara
    • Jan M. Kelner
    2024 Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

    W niniejszej pracy zaproponowano i przetestowano system wizyjny służący śledzeniu lecącej piłki w celu wypracowania sterowania dla robota wieloosiowego mającego za zadanie złapanie jej. Do detekcji i lokalizacji piłki na obrazie z dwóch, prostopadle ustawionych, kamer zastosowano laplasjan filtru gaussowskiego (LoG) oraz autorski podsystem filtracji rozmytej. Estymację trajektorii lecącej piłki w przestrzeni wykonano w oparciu o metodę najmniejszych kwadratów z wykorzystaniem funkcji liniowej i kwadratowej. Zamieszczono szczegółowy opis proponowanego rozwiązania oraz wyniki przeprowadzonych testów.

  • Szkoła marburska a Platon i problem historii filozofii
    • Andrzej Lisak
    2024 Pełny tekst Archiwum Historii Filozofii i Myśli Społecznej

    Po poheglowskiej zapaści w filozofii powściągnęła ona swoje teoretyczne aspiracje i jej przedmiot stał się dużo skromniejszy. Dla neokantowskiej szkoły marburskiej takim przedmiotem stała się nauka. Jest w pełni zrozumiałe, że krytyczna filozofia Kanta doskonale się nadawała na punkt wyjścia w realizacji takiego projektu. Ale równie ważną inspirację stanowił Platon. Na tle stosunku do jego myśli artykuł chce pokazać marburski sposób rozumienia historii filozofii. Rewizja filozofii Kanta dokonana przez szkołę jest tak gruntowna, że równie dobrze można ją określić mianem neoplatonizmu. Podstawą myśli szkoły jest rozumienie platońskiej idei jako hipotezy (inne terminy: Grundlegung, Begründung, Grundanschaung). Wszelkie poznawanie rzeczywistości jest rozpoznawaniem idei. Tak jest w każdym zwykłym zdaniu, ale przede wszystkim w poznaniu naukowym matematycznego przyrodoznawstwa, które jest prawdziwą syntezą pojęć. Idee dochodzą do prawdziwej rzeczywistości, a dochodząc do niej stawiają jej kolejne pytania doprowadzając do coraz to lepszych syntez rozumianych jako hipoteza. Zatem idee to hipotezy, które w myśleniu wytwarzają swój przedmiot. Poznanie jest więc rozumiane jako fieri,, nieskończony proces produkującego swój byt poznania. Historia filozofii w szkole marburskiej staje się trwającym od starożytności teleologicznym procesem ujawniania się prawdy. Każdą myśl rozpatruje się tu z perspektywy tego, co ona wnosi do rozwoju procesu poznania. Przeciwstawiamy tej wizji skromniejszy sposób uprawiania historii filozofii: filozofię należy rozumieć tak jak rozumiał ją sam filozof i jego czytelnicy.

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