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  • Therapeutic biomaterials – application in neurology and cardiology
    • Klaudia Malisz
    • Beata Świeczko-Żurek
    2024 Review and Research on Cancer Treatment

    Biomaterials are of interest in most medical fields. It's hard to imagine life without them. And due to the ever-increasing demand, scientists are developing new materials. Diseases of the nervous and cardiovascular systems are still a big problem, which are associated with a limited ability to regenerate brain or heart tissues. Therefore, this review discusses the advancement in biomaterial engineering for the treatment of neurological and cardiovascular diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases affect a large percentage of older people. Therefore, the review presents treatment options for Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's diseases (PD). Another serious problem is cardiac ischemia. To regenerate heart tissue, scientists have proposed the use of extracellular vesicles, injectable hydrogels, and biomaterial-based cardiac patches. In addition to tissue engineering, implants are also developing in the field of cardiology. More and more modern materials are being created, e.g., for valve prostheses or vascular stents.

  • Thermally activated natural chalcopyrite for Fenton-like degradation of Rhodamine B: Catalyst characterization, performance evaluation, and catalytic mechanism
    • Jiapeng Yang
    • Kai Jia
    • Shaoyong Lu
    • Yijun Cao
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Chongqing Wang
    2024 Pełny tekst Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

    In this work, catalytic activity of natural chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) was improved by thermal activation. The modified chalcopyrite was used as efficient catalyst for degradation of organic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) through advanced oxidation process (AOP). Effects of catalyst dosage, H2O2 concentration, reaction temperature, solution pH, anions, and natural organic matter on the degradation efficiency of RhB were investigated. This study revealed that thermal activation at 300 °C changed the chemical valency of surface elements rather than transforming the major chemical phase of natural chalcopyrite. The Fenton-like degradation of RhB was significantly improved by thermally activated chalcopyrite. RhB degradation could be obtained under broad pH and showed high resistance to natural organic matter and anions. Under optimal conditions of H2O2 43.0 mM, catalyst 0.75 g/L, initial pH 5.1, and reaction temperature 25 °C, the degradation of RhB reached 96.7% at 50 min. Based on the rate constant of reaction kinetics, the activation energy for RhB degradation was calculated to be 9 kJ/mol. Radical scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique demonstrated that RhB degradation was dominated by the generated hydroxyl radicals in activated chalcopyrite/H2O2 system. The formation of surface sulfates resulted from thermal activation induced the dissolved copper or iron ions, and promoted H2O2 activation and facilitated RhB degradation by reactive hydroxyl radicals. This work provides an in-depth understanding of the mechanism behind thermal activation to enhance the activity of natural chalcopyrite, offering a theoretical basis for utilizing natural minerals for Fenton-like treatment of organic wastewater towards cleaner production.

  • Thermodynamic Efficiency of an Advanced 4th Generation VHTR Propulsion Engine for Large Container Ships
    • Jerzy Głuch
    • Tomasz Kodlewicz
    • Marta Drosińska-Komor
    • Natalia Ziółkowska
    • Łukasz Breńkacz
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    2024 Polish Maritime Research

    In response to global initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the maritime industry must adopt green propulsion solutions. This paper analyses the operational potential of very high-temperature reactors (VHTRs) as an innovative propulsion source for large container ships. Calculations are carried out for ships produced between 2018 and 2020 with a capacity of more than 20,000 TEU. For these ships, the average power of the main system is calculated at around 64.00 kW. The study focuses on a propulsion engine system with features such as extraction control, bypass control, and either one or two turbines. The direct thermodynamic cycle of the VHTR offers high efficiency, smaller sizes, and flexible power control, thus eliminating the need for helium storage and enabling rapid power changes. In addition, this article highlights the advantages of bypass control of the turbine, which avoids the need to shut down the propulsion engine in the harbour. The findings suggest that nuclear propulsion could play a crucial role in the future of maritime technology.

  • Thermosensitive composite based on agarose and chitosan saturated with carbon dioxide. Preliminary study of requirements for production of new CSAG bioink.
    • Adrianna Banach-Kopeć
    • Szymon Mania
    • Robert Tylingo
    • Agata Wawrzynowicz
    • Monika Pawłowska
    • Katarzyna Czerwiec
    • Milena Deptuła
    • Michał Pikuła
    2024 Pełny tekst CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS

    This study introduces a method for producing printable, thermosensitive bioink formulated from agarose (AG) and carbon dioxide-saturated chitosan (CS) hydrogels. The research identified medium molecular weight chitosan as optimal for bioink production, with a preferred chitosan hydrogel content of 40–60 %. Rheological analysis reveals the bioink's pseudoplastic behavior and a sol-gel phase transition between 27.0 and 31.5 °C. The MMW chitosan-based bioink showed also the most stable extrusion characteristic. The choice of chitosan for the production of bioink was also based on the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of the polymer as a function of its molecular weight and the degree of deacetylation, noting significant cell reduction rates for E. coli and S. aureus of 1.72 and 0.54 for optimal bioink composition, respectively. Cytotoxicity assessments via MTT and LDH tests confirm the bioink's safety for L929, HaCaT, and 46BR.1 N cell lines. Additionally, XTT proliferation assay proved the stimulating effect of the bioink on the proliferation of 46BR.1 N fibroblasts, comparable to that observed with Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). FTIR spectroscopy confirms the bioink as a physical polymer blend. In conclusion, the CS/AG bioink demonstrates the promising potential for advanced spatial cell cultures in tissue engineering applications including skin regeneration.

  • Three dimensional simulations of FRC beams and panels with explicit definition of fibres-concrete interaction
    • Ireneusz Marzec
    • Jan Suchorzewski
    • Jerzy Bobiński
    2024 ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    High performance concrete (HPC) is a quite novel material which has been rapidly developed in the last few decades. It exhibits superior mechanical properties and durability comparing to normal concrete. HPC can achieve also superior tensile performance if strong fibres (steel or carbon) are implemented in the matrix. Thus, there exist the unabated interest in studying how the addition of different types of fibres modifies the behaviour of HPC. Nowadays, a standard numerical approaches to model the behaviour of fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) are carried out by means of the smeared or discrete crack modelling of homogenous media with appropriately changed stress-strain relationships. The objective of this paper is to develop a new and efficient mesoscale modelling approach for steel fibre reinforced high-performance concrete. The main idea of presented approach is to assume the fully 3D modelling with taking into account explicitly the distribution and orientation of the steel fibres. As a benchmark, results obtained from experimental campaign on beams and panels made from high-performance concrete with steel fibres of different sizes and dosages were taken. Results of numerical simulations were directly compared with experimental outcomes in order to validate and calibrate FE-model and to introduce the efficient numerical modelling tool.

  • Three modes of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements performed on vanadium redox flow battery
    • Joanna Krakowiak
    • Wojciech Bącalski
    • Grzegorz Lentka
    • Pekka Peljo
    • Paweł Ślepski
    2024 Sustainable Materials and Technologies

    This article presents an innovative approach to monitor working redox flow batteries using dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, diverging from the commonly sequential impedance methods carried out under potentiostatic or galvanostatic conditions close to the open circle voltage. The authors introduce a fresh variation of dynamic impedance measurement that leverages an amplitude-modulated multi-frequency alternating current perturbation signal. This technique leads to a reduction in measurement time, making it possible to monitor impedance in real-time under typical operational conditions. Consequently, it effectively addresses the limitations stemming from the absence of stationary conditions during impedance measurements. There is no doubt that measurement techniques enabling the study of processes during the operational life of a battery provide the most valuable insights into the properties of these systems. The potential of this proposed approach is exemplified through the examination of a full vanadium redox flow battery as a case study. Classical impedance measurements were also conducted under potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions with sequential frequency signal change, which requires stopping the battery operation, resulting in electrode potential changes of over 200 mV compared to the working system. Spectra for all modes of measurements were compared. In the case of dynamic measurements, such significant differences in spectra during charging and discharging are not observed, which is characteristic of classical measurements. The authors deliberately and consciously refrain from analyzing the results by fitting equivalent circuits.

  • Three-component NiO/Fe3O4/rGO nanostructure as an electrode material towards supercapacitor and alcohol electrooxidation
    • Mohammad Bagher Askari
    • Mohammad Taghi Tourchi Moghadam
    • Parisa Salarizadeh
    2024 Heliyon

    A nanocomposite made of nickel oxide and iron oxide (NiO/Fe3O4) and its hybrid with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as a conductive substrate with a highly functional surface (NiO/Fe3O4/rGO) was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal approach. This study addresses the challenge of developing efficient materials for energy storage and alcohol fuel cells. After confirming the synthesis through structural analysis, the potential of these nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes and catalysts for methanol and ethanol oxidation in alcohol fuel cells were evaluated. The synergy of combining the two metal oxides and adding rGO to the composite structure led to excellent electrocatalytic activity in alcohol oxidation. For the modified NiO/Fe3O4/rGO electrode in the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), a current density of 450 mA/cm2 at 0.67 V and excellent catalyst stability of 98.7 % over 20 h in chronoamperometric analysis were observed. In the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), an oxidative current of 235 mA/cm2 at a peak potential of 0.76 V was seen, with catalyst stability of 96.4 % after 20 h. As a supercapacitor electrode, the NiO/Fe3O4 composite demonstrated a specific capacitance of 946 F/g, while NiO/Fe3O4/rGO showed 1155 F/g. The stability of these electrodes after 10000 GCD cycles was 83.6 % and 90.6 %, respectively. These findings suggest that the proposed structures are cost-effective and reliable alternatives for energy storage and production, suitable for alcohol fuel cells and supercapacitors.

  • Three-dimensional characterization of porosity in iron ore pellets: A comprehensive study
    • Pasquale Cavaliere
    • Behzad Sadeghi
    • Leandro Dijon
    • Aleksandra Laska
    • Damian Koszelow
    2024 Pełny tekst MINERALS ENGINEERING

    This paper presents a comprehensive study on the production and reduction of high-quality iron ore pellets characterized by a basicity index nearing 0.5 and diameters ranging from 1 to 2 cm. The reduction process was carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere at temperatures spanning 800–1000 ◦ C and a pressure of 8 bar. Initial f indings revealed substantial variations in pellet density and compressive strength, attributed to their mean dimensions. To delve into the microstructural transformations occurring during reduction, meticulous microtomographic analyses were conducted on each pellet before and after the reduction process. The research assessed reducibility factors such as porosity, pore size, and tortuosity adjustments across diverse reduction conditions. The study highlights the intimate connection between the reduction process rate, processing parameters, and pellet microstructure. Furthermore, the metallization tendencies were explored through extensive reduction experiments involving multiple pellets. These findings offer crucial insights into optimizing iron ore pellet performance during production and reduction processes, contributing to advancements in industrial applications.

  • Ti4Ir2O : A time reversal invariant fully gapped unconventional superconductor
    • Debarchan Das
    • KeYuan Ma
    • Jan Jaroszynski
    • Vahid Sazgari
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Fabian O. von Rohr
    • Zurab Guguchia
    2024 Pełny tekst PHYSICAL REVIEW B

    Here we report muon spin rotation (μSR) experiments on the temperature and field dependence of the effective magnetic penetration depth λ(T ) in the η-carbide-type suboxide Ti4Ir2O, a superconductor with a considerably high upper critical field. The temperature dependence of λ(T ), obtained from transverse-field (TF)-μSR measurements, is in perfect agreement with an isotropic fully gaped superconducting state. Furthermore, our ZF μSR results confirm that the time-reversal symmetry is preserved in the superconducting state. We find, however, a remarkably small ratio of Tc/λ −2 0 ∼ 1.22. This value is close to most unconventional superconductors, showing that a very small superfluid density is present in the superconducting state of Ti4Ir2O. The presented results will pave the way for further theoretical and experimental investigations to obtain a microscopic understanding of the origin of such a high upper critical field in an isotropic single-gap superconducting system.

  • Timed rolling and rising tests in Duchenne muscular dystrophy ambulant boys: a feasibility study
    • Agnieszka Sobierajska-Rek
    • Joanna Jabłońska-Brudło
    • Aneta Dąbrowska
    • Wiktoria Wojnicz
    • Jarosław Meyer-Szary
    • Jolanta Wierzba
    2024 MINERVA PEDIATRICA

    BACKGROUND: Functional activities are extensively used in motor assessments of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The role of timed items has been reported as an early prognostic factor for disease progression. However, there are two functional activities that are not widely assessed in clinical practice among Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: rolling and bed rising. This study aimed to investigate whether the 360-degree roll (roll) and supine to sit-to-edge (bed rise) measurements are feasible tools reflecting the functional status of ambulatory DMD children by establishing possible correlations between validated measures: the Vignos Scale (VS), timed rise from floor and the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). METHODS: A total of 32 ambulant boys with DMD were assessed using timed items, the 6MWT and VS. RESULTS: The roll and bed rise are correlated with each other. The 6MWT, the floor rise and VS are correlated with the roll and with the bed rise. CONCLUSIONS: Findings offer preliminary empirical evidence addressing feasibility and safety of roll and bed rise measurements. There is a potential clinical utility of these tests in assessing functional status of DMD ambulant patients.

  • Time-dependent relaxation dynamics of remanent strain in textured PMN–PZ–PT and PMN–PIN–PT piezoceramics
    • Temesgen Tadeyos Zate
    • Astri Bjørnetun Haugen
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    • Jae Ho Jeon
    2024 Pełny tekst Results in Physics

    Crystallographically textured lead-based piezoceramics, particularly P (Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3–Pb ZrO3–PbTi O3 (PMN–PZ PT) and Pb(M1/3Nb2/3)O3–Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PIN–PT), play a pivotal role in electromechanical applications due to their enhanced field-induced strain responses. However, challenges in precision positioning arise from heightened remanent strain (Sr) caused by embedded templates in the textured grains impacting strain cycle consistency due to increased time delay or Sr relaxation. This study investigates the time- dependent relaxation dynamics of Sr in textured PMN–PZ–PT and PMN–PIN–PT piezoceramics, focusing on experimentally determining relaxation time between cycles required for complete Sr relaxation. Our findings reveal that the relaxation time in textured piezoceramics is notably longer than that in their non-textured counterparts, primarily due to pinning of domain walls by embedded templates. This work provide insights into the strain relaxation characteristics of piezoceramics and underscores the importance of time delay in designing precision positioning systems for improved reliability.

  • TiO2 and Reducing Gas: Intricate Relationships to Direct Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellets
    • Pasquale Cavaliere
    • Behzad Sadeghi
    • Aleksandra Laska
    • Damian Koszelow
    2024 Pełny tekst METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE

    In response to the imperative for sustainable iron production with reduced CO2 emissions, this study delves into the intricate role of TiO2 in the direct reduction of iron oxide pellets. The TiO2-dependent reducibility of iron oxide pellets utilizing H2 and CO gas across varied temperatures and gas compositions is thoroughly investigated. Our findings unveil the nuanced nature of the TiO2 effect, underscored by its concentration-dependent behavior, revealing an optimal range between 1 and 1.5 pct TiO2, where a neutral or positive impact on reduction kinetics and diffusion coefficient is observed. Notably, the synergistic interplay of CO and H2 at 1000 C emerges as particularly efficacious, suggesting complementary effects on the reduction process. The introduction of H2 into the reducing atmosphere regulated by CO not only extends the transition range but also markedly expedites the rate of reduction. Furthermore, our study highlights the temperature sensitivity of the TiO2 effect, with higher TiO2 content correlating with prolonged reduction time in a 100 pct H2 atmosphere at 900 C. In a 100 pct H2 atmosphere, the non-contributory role of TiO2 stems from the water-gas shift reaction. Conversely, introducing H2 into a CO-controlled reducing atmosphere with TiO2 enhances the transition range and expedites the reduction rate. Additionally, our findings underscore the role of total iron content, revealing a direct correlation with the reduction process.

  • TiO2 nanotubes modification by photodeposition with noble metals: Characterization, optimization, photocatalytic activity, and by-products analysis
    • João Lincho
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Rui F. Martins
    • João Gomes
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    2024 Pełny tekst Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

    Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) with 4 µm length were obtained by anodization method and calcined to obtain anatase crystallite phase. The photocatalysts were further decorated with Au, Ag, Pt or Pd nanoparticles (NPs), varying the metal loads (0.50, 0.75, 1, 2 and 5 mol%) by photodeposition. The material characterization confirmed the presence of nanoparticles in the TNTs surface, signs of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect for some samples and a bandgap energy of 3.1–3.2 eV. Photoluminescence measurements also confirmed that most of the samples with metallic nanoparticles had the recombination of photogenerated carriers lowered due to the trapping effect of the deposited metal NPs. The photoactivity was evaluated by phenol degradation using UV-Vis or visible radiation. Under UV-Vis, the best samples (2 and 5 mol% of Au-TNTs and 0.75, 1, and 2 mol% of Pd-TNTs) led to 97% phenol removal in 60 min while pristine TNTs reached 92% removal. Under visible radiation, the pristine and the Au-TNTs led to about 3% removal, with the best sample being 2 mol% Pd-TNTs with 14% removal in 60 min. Similar results were obtained for 1 and 5 mol% Pd-TNTs (12% and 13% of phenol removal, respectively). The by-products analysis suggest different degradation mechanisms and it is observed different kinetic rates for different metal types, metal loads or types of radiation.

  • Torsional earthquake-induced pounding between adjacent buildings founded on different soil types
    • Mahmoud Miari
    • Robert Jankowski
    2024 Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering

    This paper investigates the effect of the soil type on the torsional response of build- ings experiencing torsional pounding due to earthquake excitations. Six buildings (one 4-storey building and five 6-storey buildings) with different configurations have been considered. First, pounding between different structures has been analysed for a specified soil type and the effect of the torsional pounding and the contact asymmetry on the torsional response of colliding buildings has been investigated. Then, these pounding cases have been considered for different soil types to study the effect of the soil type on the torsional response of buildings experiencing torsional pounding. Five soil types have been considered, i.e. hard rock, rock, very dense soil and soft rock, stiff soil and soft clay soil. The results of the study indicate that the earthquake-induced torsional pounding causes an increase in the peak storey rotation of the colliding buildings as compared to the symmetric pounding in all cases. Higher peak storey rotations have been experienced for colliding buildings founded on the soft clay soil, then for buildings founded on the stiff soil, then for buildings founded on very dense soil and soft rock, and finally for buildings founded on the rock and hard rock.

  • Toward an understanding of occupational burnout among employees with autism – the Job Demands‑Resources theory perspective
    • Michał Tomczak
    • Konrad Kulikowski
    2024 Pełny tekst CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY

    This article aims to gain insight into the phenomenon of occupational burnout among employees with autism based on the theoretical framework of the Job Demands-Resources theory and the literature on employees with autism in the workplace. Firstly, we argue that although the resources and demands of the neurotypical and neurodivergent employees might be different, the theoretical mechanism of occupational burnout formation remains similar among the neurotypical and neurodivergent employees, leading to the similar burnout experience. Next, we distinguish key demands that might drain neurodiverse employees’ energy, and spark burnout, and propose a set of resources that might foster their achievement of work goals and mitigate demanding working conditions. We emphasise that the nature of job demands/resources that may cause burnout is not universal but might depend on how employees evaluate them, thus neurotypical and neurodiverse workers who evaluate the same work characteristics differently might complement each other, increasing organisational diversity without losing productivity. Our conceptual elaboration contributes to the theory and practice of healthier workplaces by providing tools and inspiration to managers, policymakers, and all stakeholders interested in creating a diverse and productive workplace. Moreover, our work might spark a much needed debate on occupational burnout among employees with autism and encourage conducting further empirical studies.

  • Toward Human Chromosome Knowledge Engine
    • Maiqi Wang
    • Yi Lai
    • Minghui Li
    • Haoxi Zhang
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2024 Pełny tekst CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS

    Human chromosomes carry genetic information about our life. Chromosome classification is crucial for karyotype analysis. Existing chromosome classification methods do not take into account reasoning, such as: analyzing the relationship between variables, modeling uncertainty, and performing causal reasoning. In this paper, we introduce a knowledge engine for reasoning-based human chromosome classification that stores knowledge of chromosomes via a novel representation structure, the Chromosome Part Description (CPD), and reasons over CPDs by utilizing the probability tree model (PTM) for classification. Each CPD keeps information on a particular feature of chromosomes, while the PTM provides causal reasoning capability taking CPDs as nodes and dependencies between CPDs and types as edges. Experimental results show that the proposed knowledge engine’s performance increases when providing more CPDs and achieves 100% classification accuracy with more than three CPDs.

  • Toward Sustainable Development: Exploring the Value and Benefits of Digital Twins
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    • Krystian Jandy
    • Józef Żurada
    2024 Telecom

    The complexity and number of data streams generated by internal processes exceed the capabilities of most current simulation environments. Consequently, there is a need for the development of more advanced solutions that can handle any number of simultaneous simulations. One of the most promising ideas to address these and other challenges is the concept of a Digital Twin (DT), which refers to a digital representation or a virtual model designed to accurately reflect an intended or actual physical product, system, or process (i.e., a physical twin). As a Digital Twin spans the life-cycle of its physical twin, its development and application can bring considerable benefits to organizations seeking to improve existing processes as well as implement new ones. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the value and benefits of Digital Twins. To fill this gap, this study aims to provide a better understanding of this technology by reviewing the contemporary literature, with a particular focus on the documented case studies, as well as reported business and industrial deployments. The results obtained show that Digital Twins have proven beneficial for maintenance, cost reduction, optimization, simulation performance, monitoring, product life-cycle understanding, assessment validation, performance evaluation, product design, and safety and risk mitigation. In addition, when considering the human factor, DTs can facilitate education and training, team collaboration, and decision making. Undeniably, Digital Twins are a game changer for safer, faster, and more sustainable development.

  • Towards a reliable method for extrapolation of propulsion performance for vessels with twin-crp-pod system
    • Hanna Pruszko
    • Maciej Reichel
    • Marek Necel
    • Sören Brüns
    2024 Pełny tekst OCEAN ENGINEERING

    The study presents power performance prediction of an Ultra Large Container Ship (ULCS) with hybrid twin-crp-pod propulsion system. Twin crp-pod propulsion system is a combination of three concepts: twin screw, contra-rotating propellers (crp) and conventional shaft propellers with pod propulsors behind. The presented study shows the current extrapolation method for crp propulsion systems and tries to point out its weaknesses. As a case study, a 400 m ULCS has been investigated in full-scale and in model scales of 24 and 37.416. The analyses were carried out for all scales with use of CFD numerical methods and for the scale of 37.416 based on towing tank tests. All the results have been extrapolated with the same method and results have been compared. The investigations clearly show differences in delivered power prediction extrapolated from towing tank results giving the maximum value and from CFD made to scale of 24 the minimum value. Finally, conclusions on possible sources of differences, including the numerical and analytical methods are presented.

  • Towards a Universal Model of Engineering Change Management
    • Jakub Tryczak
    • Anna Lis
    • Paweł Ziemiański
    • Jacek Czyżewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst Journal of the Knowledge Economy

    The paper deals with the issue of engineering change management (ECM). ECM has received much less attention in the literature than general change management. Moreover, due to their specifics (complexity and multifaceted nature), hitherto developed ECM models are difficult to implement in companies. The paper aims to develop a simplified, universal, and hence easily applicable model of ECM. We based our assumptions on a case study of a manufacturing company with low-volume production, representing a high-mix type, posing the following research question: how to improve the ECM process to make it simpler and more quickly adaptable in companies with the analyzed type of production when compared to the existing models? To answer this question, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted in late 2021/early 2022 using in-depth personal interviews. The research sample included 31 employees involved in ECM processes. The primary technique for analyzing and interpreting the data was conventional qualitative content analysis. The study identified gaps and bottlenecks in the existing ECM model. On this basis, a proposal for a new ECM model was developed, distinguished by its simplicity and versatility (it can be implemented in companies operating in various industries). Particular emphasis was placed on ensuring the flow of information and circulation of technical documentation between the departments involved and clarifying the role of the change administrator. The paper sheds new light on how to implement engineering changes in organizations and has considerable application value.

  • Towards an analysis framework for operational risk coupling mode: A case from MASS navigating in restricted waters
    • Cunlong Fan
    • Jakub Montewka
    • Victor Bolbot
    • Yang Zhang
    • Yuhui Qiu
    • Shenping Hu
    2024 RELIABILITY ENGINEERING & SYSTEM SAFETY

    Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASSs) constitute highly interconnected and tightly coupled multistate systems. Incorporating the coupling effects of both interactions and dependencies is centrally important to ensure navigation safety of MASSs. This paper proposes a framework for examining the coupling effects in the operational modes (OM) of MASSs. Failure Modes (FMs) of MASSs related to interactions with the environment and subsystems are identified using 24Model developed based on conventional ship accidents involving grounding in the west of Shenzhen port, China. FMs related to grounding are classified into the five risk types of human, organization, ship, environment, and technology, considering three OMs (states), i.e., manual control, remote control, and autonomous control. Based on this classification, the N-K model is applied to calculate the risk coupling values of scenarios involving multiple risk types. These scenarios are then ranked by the risk coupling values of the three OMs, and values are compared among different OMs. The results indicate that for grounding in the west of Shenzhen port most risk coupling values increase with increasing risk type diversity. Furthermore, the risk coupling mechanism in remote control differs significantly from that in manual control and autonomous control, thus risk management of MASS OMs should vary.

  • Towards ecological transformation: developing architectural education and research through L’Art Urbain initiatives
    • Izabela Burda
    • Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
    • Louis Moutard
    • Aude Vapard
    • Anne Durand
    2024 World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    The aim of this study was to examine the collaboration between the Faculty of Architecture at Gdańsk University of Technology (Gdańsk Tech), Poland and L’Art Urbain dans les Territoires, Paris, France, recognised for its involvement in transforming urban development over four decades. The focus is placed on the evolution of the association’s annual competition, highlighting the growing emphasis on sustainability. Special attention is dedicated to the integration of themes relating to environmental and social sustainability into the curriculum of Master’s level design courses. This study highlights the role of the competition in enhancing education in architecture and urban planning, as well as in developing research at Gdańsk Tech, especially in fields related to the social and environmental aspects of urban regeneration. Moreover, the research also considers the wider implications of this collaboration, in particular its effectiveness in linking theoretical education to real-world challenges and in equipping architects to deal with the complexities of sustainable urban development.

  • Towards hand grip force assessment by using EMG estimators
    • Robert Barański
    • Wiktoria Wojnicz
    • Bartłomiej Zagrodny
    • Michał Ludwicki
    • Agnieszka Sobierajska-Rek
    2024 MEASUREMENT

    The purpose of this study was to propose a method to assess individual regression (calibration) curves to establish a relationship between an isometric grip force and surface electromyography (EMG) estimator. In this study 18 healthy volunteers (12 male (23.0 ± 2.0 years) and 6 female (23.2 ± 0.7 years)) had been examined. Ten EMG estimators (mean absolute value, root mean square, entropy, energy, turns per second, mean of zero crossings, median power frequency, mean power frequency, and Hilbert transforms), two EMG locations (brachioradialis and flexor digitorum superficialis) and five types of regression curves (linear, exponential, power, logarithm, and quadratic polynomial) have been tested. Using a quadratic polynomial regression curve and energy EMG estimator of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, it was obtained the lowest dispersity of EMG estimator and the most accurate prediction of grip isometric force among all tested EMG estimators.

  • Towards sustainable catalyst-free biomass-based polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC): From valorization and liquefaction to future generation of biocomposites
    • Adam Olszewski
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Łukasz Piszczyk
    2024 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

    A substantial aspect of materials engineering lies in the responsible process of designing polymer-based materials. Due to environmental pollution, excessive consumption of natural resources, and increasing environmental awareness of society, there is a massive need for polyurethane (PU) materials with reduced environmental impact. To date, research on catalyst-free polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC) has demonstrated a huge potential for commercialization in industrial production and can be used as a replacement for commonly used wood-plastic composites and wood-based panels. Based on this research, the introduction of new greener alternatives for petrochemical polyols to develop PU-WCs with a high biomass share could be interesting. In this study, up to 80% of bio-based polyol (BP) synthesized via biomass liquefaction was introduced to the polymer matrix. The effect of petrochemical polyol substitution was examined by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water absorption tests, and thermal analysis. The conducted research revealed that the structure and properties of PU-WCs strongly depend on the share of BP. The most promising composites were manufactured with up to 40% BP. The flexural strength of the PU-WC decreases from 25 to 9 MPa, and the flexural modulus varies from 1780 to 800 MPa. This may be caused by deteriorated adhesion between composite phases and a reduction in the stiffness of the materials due to the decrease in crosslinking density, which was confirmed by the decrease in glass transition temperature from 96 to 26 °C. In summary, this work shows the next step towards cleaner production of PU-WCs by substituting petrochemical polyols for alternatives synthesized using renewable resources.

  • Towards truly sustainable IoT systems: the SUPERIOT project
    • Marcos Katz
    • Tuomas Paso
    • Konstantin Mikhaylov
    • Luis Pessoa
    • Helder Fontes
    • Liisa Hakola
    • Jaakko Leppäniemi
    • Emanuel Carlos
    • Guido Dolmans
    • Julio Rufo
    • Marcin Drzewiecki
    • Hazem Sallouha
    • Bruce Napier
    • André Branquinho
    • Kerstin Eder
    2024 Pełny tekst Journal of Physics-Photonics

    This paper provides an overview of the SUPERIOT project, an EU SNS JU (Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking) initiative focused on developing truly sustainable IoT systems. The SUPERIOT concept is based on a unique holistic approach to sustainability, proactively developing sustainable solutions considering the design, implementation, usage and disposal/reuse stages. The concept exploits radio and optical technologies to provide dual-mode wireless connectivity and dual-mode energy harvesting as well as dual-mode IoT node positioning. The implementation of the IoT nodes or devices will maximize the use of sustainable printed electronics technologies, including printed components, conductive inks and substrates. The paper describes the SUPERIOT concept, covering the key technical approaches to be used, promising scenarios and applications, project goals and demonstrators which will be developed to the proof-of-concept stage. In addition, the paper briefly discusses some important visions on how this technology may be further developed in the future.

  • Towards Universal Visualisation of Emotional States for Information Systems
    • Michał Wróbel
    • Agnieszka Landowska
    • Karolina Makuch
    2024

    The paper concerns affective information systems that represent and visualize human emotional states. The goal of the study was to find typical representations of discrete and dimensional emotion models in terms of color, size, speed, shape, and animation type. A total of 419 participants were asked about their preferences for emotion visualization. We found that color, speed, and size correlated with selected discrete emotion labels, while speed correlated with arousal in a dimensional model. This study is a first step towards defining a universal emotion representation for use in information systems.

  • Trace metals in skeletal calcite of echinoderms from the Barents Sea
    • Anna Iglikowska
    • Anna Piwoni-Piórewicz
    • Bartłomiej Cieślik
    • Dominika Żyłan
    • Patryk Waszczuk
    • Piotr Kukliński
    2024 CHEMOSPHERE

    This study investigates the skeletal accumulation of selected elements (Al, Ag, As, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr, Zn) in echinoderms inhabiting Barents Sea, an area impacted by human activities from northern Norway and Kola Peninsula, known sources of metal pollution. The primary aim was to have insight whether metals incorporation in the skeleton of Arctic echinoderms is regulated physiologically by the organism or influenced by abiotic environmental conditions (expressed as distance from the source of metal pollution). Metal concentrations were analysed in 17 species from four echinoderm classes: Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Crinoidea and Echinoidea. The results revealed species-specific accumulation patterns for most metals, indicating a strong biological control over metal incorporation. In crinoid Heliometra glacialis, a negative correlation between body size and skeletal concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg and Mn was observed. This correlation was ascribed to age-related metabolic traits and a likely mechanism for removing foreign metals from the skeletal calcite. The relationships between environmental factors and metal accumulation patterns were less clear. However, higher concentrations of Al, Fe, Mg, Mn and Pb were found in suspension feeders collected near glaciers, which were potential sources of suspended material. Asteroids exhibited particularly high concentrations of Cu, Fe, Cr, Hg compared to species from the other regions, suggesting that their calcified skeletons may serve as storage mechanisms to prevent toxic effects in other body parts. These observations confirm that biologically-mediated processes predominantly govern metal bioaccumulation in Arctic echinoderms.

  • Transforming urban design education through international competitions: a 20-year perspective
    • Izabela Burda
    2024 World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    Over the past two decades, international urban design competitions have transformed architectural education by fostering creativity and interdisciplinary learning. This article provides a 20-year perspective by focusing on five of the most prominent competitions: Europan, UIA Student Competitions, ULI Hines Student Competitions, Arturbain.fr and the Global Schindler Award. Through a comparative analysis of these competitions, the research examines their thematic focus, participation levels, educational engagement and impact on urban design education. The results show that these competitions emphasise sustainability, ecological change and shared learning among participants. An analysis of selected editions illustrates their evolution in addressing urban challenges, such as regional connectivity, public space accessibility and environmental resilience. This study highlights that participation in these competitions prepares future urban designers to address complex challenges by encouraging innovative and sustainable solutions. It also underscores the transformative role of competitions in shaping and advancing urban design education.

  • Transparent TiO2 nanotubes supporting silver sulfide for photoelectrochemical water splitting
    • Wiktoria Lipińska
    • Stefania Wolff
    • Katharina Dehm
    • Simon Hager
    • Justyna Gumieniak
    • Agnieszka Kramek
    • Ryan Crisp
    • Emerson Coy
    • Katarzyna Grochowska
    • Katarzyna Siuzdak
    2024 NANOSCALE

    Differences between photoelectrochemical and electrochemical activity were thoroughly investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction mediated by Ag2S deposited on two types of ordered titania substrates. Titanium dioxide nanotubes were fabricated by anodization of magnetron sputtered Ti films on ITO-coated glass substrates or directly from Ti foil. Further, Ag2S deposition on the nanotubes was carried out using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction, known as SILAR, with 5, 25, and 45 cycles performed. Two types of nanotubes, one on transparent the other on non-transparent substrates were compared regarding their geometry, structure, optical, and electrochemical properties. It was demonstrated that the composite of Ag2S grown on transparent nanotubes exhibits higher catalytic activity compared to Ag2S grown on the nanotubes formed on Ti foil. The results showed that transparent nanotubes after modification with Ag2S by 25 SILAR cycles exhibit ca. 3 times higher photocurrent under visible light illumination than non-transparent ones treated with the same number of cycles. Furthermore, transparent nanotubes after 45 SILAR cycles of Ag2S exhibit enhanced activity towards oxygen evolution reaction with 9.3 mA cm−2 at 1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl/0.1 M KCl which is six times higher than titania alone on Ti foil.

  • Transport Mechanism of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in Polyurethane Nanocomposite Hydrogel Patches—Cloisite® 30B Influence on the Drug Release and Swelling Processes
    • Justyna Strankowska
    • Małgorzata Grzywińska
    • Ewelina Łęgowska
    • Marek Józefowicz
    • Michał Strankowski
    2024 Pełny tekst Materials

    This article describes the swelling and release mechanisms of paracetamol in polyurethane nanocomposite hydrogels containing Cloisite® 30B (organically modified montmorillonite). The transport mechanism, swelling and release processes of the active substance in nanocomposite matrix were studied using gravimetric and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods. Swelling and release processes depend on the amount of clay nanoparticles in these systems and the degree of crosslinking of PU/PEG/Cloisite® 30B hydrogel nanocomposites.

  • TR-Based Antenna Design with Forward FD: The Effects of Step Size on the Optimization Performance
    • Adrian Bekasiewicz
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Tom Dhaene
    • Marcin Narloch
    2024

    Numerical methods are important tools for design of modern antennas. Trust-region (TR) methods coupled with data-efficient surrogates based on finite differentiation (FD) represent a popular class of antenna design algorithms. However, TR performance is subject to FD setup, which is normally determined a priori based on rules-of-thumb. In this work, the effect of FD perturbations on the performance of TR-based design is evaluated on a case study basis concerning a total of 80 optimizations of a planar antenna structure. The obtained results demonstrate that, for the considered radiator, the performance of the final designs obtained using different FD setups may vary by as much as 18 dB (and by over 4 dB on average). At the same time, the a priori perturbations in a range between 1.5% and 3% (w.r.t. the initial design) seem to be suitable for maintaining (relatively) consistent and high-quality results.

  • Treatment of Odontogenic Maxillary Sinusitis with the Use of Growth Factors in Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin for Immediate Closure of Oro-Antral Communication: A Case Report
    • Paulina Adamska
    • Dorota Pylińska-Dąbrowska
    • Marcin Stasiak
    • Magdalena Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk
    • Ewa Kozłowska
    • Adam Zedler
    • Michal Studniarek
    2024 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    Chronic odontogenic maxillary sinusitis (COMS), a prolonged inflammation of the maxillary sinus lasting over 12 weeks, is often a result of periapical lesions, marginal periodontitis, and complications like oro-antral communication (OAC) and fistula (OAF). OAC, commonly emerging post-teeth extraction in the lateral maxilla, lacks documented treatments using advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). This study evaluates A-PRF’s efficacy in treating COMS and immediately sealing extensive OAC. A case of a 28-year-old male with COMS linked to a periapical lesion and supernumerary molars is presented. Treatment involved extracting specific teeth while preserving adjacent ones and using A-PRF for immediate OAC closure. A-PRF, enriched with growth factors, was pivotal in healing, showcasing enhanced tissue regeneration, pain reduction, and faster recovery. The findings suggest A-PRF as an effective adjunct in treating extensive OAC and COMS, proposing its inclusion in standard treatment protocols. This study underscores A-PRF’s potential in improving outcomes for patients with COMS and related complications.

  • Treatment of Oroantral Communication and Fistulas with the Use of Blood-Derived Platelet-Rich Preparations Rich in Growth Factors: A Systematic Review
    • Paulina Adamska
    • Magdalena Kaczoruk-Wieremczuk
    • Dorota Pylińska-Dąbrowska
    • Marcin Stasiak
    • Michał Bartmański
    • Adam Zedler
    • Michal Studniarek
    2024 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    The formation of an oroantral communication (OAC) or fistula (OAF) is a rare complication resulting from the presence of processes in the lateral parts of the maxilla or for iatrogenic reasons. The most common causes of OAC or OAF are tooth extraction with periapical lesions. The aims of this systematic review were to assess the use of platelet-derived preparations rich in growth factors in the treatment of OAC or OAF, to determine the success of treating the communication or fistula, as well as impact on postoperative complications and the course of healing. The study was performed following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO: CRD42024570758). The inclusion criteria were as follows: at least ten patients, the presence of oroantral communication or oroantral fistula, treatment with platelet-derived preparations rich in growth factors, and information regarding the response to treatment. In order to find relevant studies, international databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science Core Collection, MDPI, Wiley, and Cochrane Library were searched. The last search was performed on 31 August 2024. Seven articles were included in the systematic review. In total, platelet-derived preparations rich in growth factors were used in 164 patients. Only studies in which OAC was treated and with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) met the inclusion criteria. Only PRF was used as the sole treatment method in three studies. When OAC is greater than 5 mm, platelet-derived preparations rich in growth factors should be considered adjuncts to treatment, not the sole treatment method. The success rate of OAC treatment was 90–100%. The use of blood products to close OAC may be an effective therapeutic alternative. Proper patient qualification and the use of an appropriate protocol are crucial. There is a need for future well-designed case-control or cohort studies as well as randomized controlled trials to provide the required level of evidence.

  • TRF1 and TRF2: pioneering targets in telomere-based cancer therapy
    • Anoop Kallingal
    • Radosław Krzemieniecki
    • Natalia Maciejewska
    • Wioletta Brankiewicz-Kopcinska
    • Maciej Bagiński
    2024 JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY

    This article presents an in-depth exploration of the roles of Telomere Repeat-binding Factors 1 and 2 (TRF1 and TRF2), and the shelterin complex, in the context of cancer biology. It emphasizes their emerging significance as potential biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Central to the shelterin complex, TRF1 and TRF2 are crucial in maintaining telomere integrity and genomic stability, their dysregulation often being a hallmark of cancerous cells. The article delves into the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of TRF1 and TRF2 across various cancer types, highlighting their sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, it reviews current strides in drug discovery targeting the shelterin complex, detailing specific compounds and their modes of action. The review candidly addresses the challenges in developing therapies aimed at the shelterin complex, including drug resistance, off-target effects, and issues in drug delivery. By synthesizing recent research findings, the article sheds light on the intricate relationship between telomere biology and cancer development. It underscores the urgency for continued research to navigate the existing challenges and fully leverage the therapeutic potential of TRF1, TRF2, and the shelterin complex in the realm of cancer treatment.

  • Triaxial compression and shear strength characteristics of two stage concrete: an experimental study
    • Farzam Omidi Moaf
    • Ali M. Rajabi
    • Hakim S. Abdelgader
    • Marzena Kurpińska
    • G. Murali
    • Mikołaj Miśkiewicz
    2024 Scientific Reports

    The research necessity stems from the need to understand and evaluate the performance of Two- Stage Concrete (TSC) under triaxial compression conditions, as prior studies have predominantly focused on uniaxial and biaxial testing of conventional concrete (CC). This study represents the first comprehensive investigation into the triaxial compressive strength and related mechanical properties of TSC, addressing a critical gap in the existing body of literature. Three different mixtures were prepared, including one CC and two TSC variants with varying cement content. The results and behavior of these mixtures were compared to assess their performance. Findings reveal that TSC, particularly those types with finer aggregates, demonstrates superior shear strength, achieving up to 52.4 MPa under dry conditions, in contrast to the 48.38 MPa observed in CC. Furthermore, TSC exhibits remarkable stress tolerance, withstanding up to 82.04 MPa, significantly outperforming CC, which withstands only 69.61 MPa under similar conditions. This behavior can be attributed to the higher coarse aggregate content, the increased interaction and contact points between coarse aggregates, the improved bonding between them, and the inherent properties of the grout. TSC also maintains a higher modulus of elasticity and internal friction angles, indicating superior deformation behavior and shear resistance. Additionally, TSC shows greater resilience to moisture, suggesting its potential suitability for use in variable moisture environments. These properties highlight the strength of TSC for high-load applications and its suitability for infrastructure prone to environmental fluctuations.

  • Triaxial compression and shear strength characteristics of twostage concrete: an experimental study
    • Farzam Omidi Moaf
    • Ali M. Rajabi
    • Hakmi S. Abdelgader
    • Marzena Kurpińska
    • G. Murali
    • Mikołaj Miśkiewicz
    2024 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    The research necessity stems from the need to understand and evaluate the performance of Two- Stage Concrete (TSC) under triaxial compression conditions, as prior studies have predominantly focused on uniaxial and biaxial testing of conventional concrete (CC). This study represents the first comprehensive investigation into the triaxial compressive strength and related mechanical properties of TSC, addressing a critical gap in the existing body of literature. Three different mixtures were prepared, including one CC and two TSC variants with varying cement content. The results and behavior of these mixtures were compared to assess their performance. Findings reveal that TSC, particularly those types with finer aggregates, demonstrates superior shear strength, achieving up to 52.4 MPa under dry conditions, in contrast to the 48.38 MPa observed in CC. Furthermore, TSC exhibits remarkable stress tolerance, withstanding up to 82.04 MPa, significantly outperforming CC, which withstands only 69.61 MPa under similar conditions. This behavior can be attributed to the higher coarse aggregate content, the increased interaction and contact points between coarse aggregates, the improved bonding between them, and the inherent properties of the grout. TSC also maintains a higher modulus of elasticity and internal friction angles, indicating superior deformation behavior and shear resistance. Additionally, TSC shows greater resilience to moisture, suggesting its potential suitability for use in variable moisture environments. These properties highlight the strength of TSC for high-load applications and its suitability for infrastructure prone to environmental fluctuations.

  • Triple correlation states between in-situ tested soil parameters
    • Eligiusz Mieloszyk
    • Mariusz Wyroślak
    2024 Pełny tekst Archives of Civil Engineering

    When testing soil parameters, the measured parameter values are only approximations of the true values. The measurand is determined based on metrological uncertainties or using statistical models for analysing data. Some parameters of the soil state present strong correlations, but others do not always provide simple correspondences. Multiple correlations between geotechnical parameters can provide a new perspective regarding the mutual relations between these parameters and may improve the fit of different soil parameters in geotechnical design procedures. Statistical modelling based on observed data generally involves a comparison between theoretical expectancies and practical surveys. Multidimensional regression models are useful for revealing the influences of several independent variables on one dependent variable. Statistical parameters and a quantitative approach can be used to define the relationships between several factors. Presented results claim that triple depended correlations may bring some corrects in relationships of soil parameters as against to double depended correlations. The differences in coefficients of determination are significant. Three variables involved stronger correlations.

  • Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconverting Liposomes: Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Membranes in Two-Dimensional TTA-UC
    • Amrutha Prabhakaran
    • Keshav Kumar Jha
    • Rengel Cane Sia
    • Ruben Arturo Arellano-Reyes
    • Nirod Kumar Sarangi
    • Mateusz Kogut
    • Julien Guthmuller
    • Jacek Czub
    • Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
    • Tia E. Keyes
    2024 Pełny tekst ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Triplet−triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) implemented in nanoparticle assemblies is of emerging interest in biomedical applications, including in drug delivery and imaging. As it is a bimolecular process, ensuring sufficient mobility of the sensitizer and annihilator to facilitate effective collision in the nanoparticle is key. Liposomes can provide the benefits of two-dimensional confinement and condensed concentration of the sensitizer and annihilator along with superior fluidity compared to other nanoparticle assemblies. They are also biocompatible and widely applied across drug delivery modalities. However, there are relatively few liposomal TTA-UC systems reported to date, so systematic studies of the influence of the liposomal environment onTTA-UC are currently lacking. Here, we report the first example of a BODIPY-based sensitizer TTA-UC system within liposomes and use this system to study TTA-UC generation and compare the relative intensity of the anti-Stokes signal for this system as a function of liposome composition and membrane fluidity. We report for the first time on time-resolved spectroscopic studies of TTA-UC in membranes. Nanosecond transient absorption data reveal the BODIPY-perylene dyad sensitizer has a long triplet lifetime in liposome with contributions from three triplet excited states, whose lifetimes are reduced upon coinclusion of the annihilator due to triplet−triplet energy transfer, to a greater extent than in solution.This indicates triplet energy transfer between the sensitizer and the annihilator is enhanced in the membrane system. Molecular dynamics simulations of the sensitizer and annihilator TTA collision complex in the membrane confirm the co-orientation of the pair within the membrane structure and that the persistence time of the bound complex exceeds the TTA kinetics. The relative intensity of the TTA-UC output across nine liposomal systems of different lipid compositions was explored to examine the influence of membrane viscosity on upconversion (UC). UC showed the highest relative intensity for the most fluidic membranes and the weakest intensity for highly viscous membranes. Overall, our study reveals that the co-orientation of the UC pair within the membrane is crucial for effective TTA-UC and that the intensity of the TTA-UC output can be tuned in liposomes by modifying their phase and fluidity. These new insights will aid in the design of liposomal TTA-UC systems for biomedicalapplications

  • Trisity###6, festiwal sitodruku
    • Łukasz Ławrynowicz
    2024

    Festiwal Sitodruku Trisity organizowany przez MORZE przy wsparciu Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku to obecnie największe w Europie wydarzenie poświęcone popularyzacji sitodruku – jednej z tradycyjnych technik grafiki artystycznej zwanej również serigrafią. Zaprezentowane zostały prace 100 autorów.

  • Trisity###6, wystawa zamykająca festival
    • Łukasz Ławrynowicz
    2024

    Festiwal Sitodruku Trisity organizowany przez MORZE przy wsparciu Akademii Sztuk Pięknych w Gdańsku to obecnie największe w Europie wydarzenie poświęcone popularyzacji sitodruku – jednej z tradycyjnych technik grafiki artystycznej zwanej również serigrafią. Zaprezentowane zostały prace 100 autorów.

  • Trwałość łączeniowa i udarowa źródeł oświetlenia LED w środowiskach z występującymi zaburzeniami harmonicznymi
    • Stanisław Galla
    • Mirosław Włas
    2024 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań trwałości łączeniowej i udarowej źródeł światła LED w przypadku występowania zaburzeń harmonicznymi w napięciu zasilania. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na znaczący wpływ odkształceń napięcia zasilania zarówno na trwałość łączeniową jak i na badania wytrzymałości udarowej przeprowadzane wg zaleceń zawartych w EN 61000-4-5.

  • Tunable emission and energy transfer of B2O3–Bi2O3–AlF3 glass system doped with Eu3+/Dy3+
    • Karolina Milewska
    • Michał Edmund Maciejewski
    • Michal Žitňan
    • José Joaquín Velázquez
    • Dušan Galusek
    • Wojciech Sadowski
    • Barbara Kościelska
    2024 JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE

    The structure and luminescent properties of the B2O3–Bi2O–AlF3 glass system doped with Eu3+/Dy3+ ions in different molar ratios were studied. A series of glasses were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique. Glass transition and crystallization temperatures were examined by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) measurements. The amorphous character of the prepared samples was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Raman and FTIR spectra were collected and deconvoluted to investigate the glass microstructure. Luminescence spectra revealed that the added rare-earth ions can be excited by a single wavelength. The emitted color can be tuned by changing the ratios of the Eu3+/Dy3+ ions and the excitation wavelength. Furthermore, the influence of the addition of AlF3 on the luminescence and decay times was investigated. In the glasses with 10 mol% AlF3 an enhancement of the emission and excitation spectra was detected. The energy transfer analysis confirms the energy transfer between Eu3+ and Dy3+ ions in the glass matrix. Additionally, the results of this study indicate that the B2O3–Bi2O–AlF3 glasses doped with Eu3+ and Dy3+ can be used as a color tunable phosphor.

  • Tuning of food wastes bioavailability as feedstock for bio-conversion processes by acoustic cavitation and SPC, SPS, or H2O2 as external oxidants
    • Zahra Askarniya
    • Lingshuai Kong
    • Chongqing Wang
    • Shirish H. Sonawane
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2024 Pełny tekst CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING

    The growing amount of food wastes makes them a suitable source for the generation of bioproducts through anaerobic digestion. Appropriate hydrolysis of the feedstock can enhance the efficiency of production of desired products. In this work, acoustic cavitation (AC) was employed as a pretreatment method to enhance hydrolysis stage by the modification of model (potato-based) food waste for increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs) and dissolved carbohydrate. For the first time high and low frequency AC was compared for this purpose. The application of sole AC at a frequency of 20 kHz for feedstock loading of 3 % has led to 125 % and 124 % increase in CODs and dissolved carbohydrates, respectively. The combination of AC with external oxidants hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium persulfate (SPS), and sodium percarbonate (SPC) was also studied. This part of the studies revealed that SPS has superior properties for increasing CODs by 258 % and dissolved carbohydrates by 240 %. On the other hand, addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as alternative reagent, leads to a 173 % increase in CODs and 155 % increase in dissolved carbohydrates. Making both ways of processing highly effective to increase the bioavailability of food wastes for further biologic processing.

  • Tuning the work function of graphite nanoparticles via edge termination
    • Michael P. Mercer
    • Arihant Bhandari
    • Chao Peng
    • Jacek Dziedzic
    • Chris-Kriton Skylaris
    • Denis Kramer
    2024 Pełny tekst PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS

    Graphite nanoparticles are important in energy materials applications such as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors and as catalyst supports. Tuning the work function of the nanoparticles allows local control of lithiation behaviour in LIBs, and the potential of zero charge of electrocatalysts and supercapacitors. Using large scale density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we find that the surface termination of multilayer graphene nanoparticles can substantially modify the work function. Calculations in vacuum and in electrolyte show that manipulating the edge termination substantially modifies the potential not only around the edge, but also on the basal plane. Termination with hydrogen or oxygen completely reverses the potential distribution surrounding the basal plane and edges. The trends can be explained based on the work function differences of the edges dependent on termination, and that of the basal plane. Electronic equilibration between different surfaces at the nanoscale allows manipulation of the work function. We demonstrate a link between the area of the graphite basal plane via changing the nanoparticle size, and the work function. We expect that these insights can be utilised for local control of electrochemical functions of graphite nanoparticles prepared under oxidising or reducing conditions.

  • Tutoring rówieśniczy jako skuteczna metoda wspierania procesu uczenia się
    • Agnieszka Bartłomiejczyk
    • Brygida Mielewska
    2024 Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    W artykule przedstawione zostały zarówno teoretyczne podstawy, jak i praktyczne zastosowania efektywnej formy wsparcia dydaktycznego jaką jest tutoring rówieśniczy. Analizie poddane zostały zajęcia realizowane w ramach tutoringu rówieśniczego na Wydziale Fizyki Technicznej i Matematyki Stosowanej Politechniki Gdańskiej. Analiza obejmuje ocenę efektywności tych zajęć, zaangażowanie studentów oraz ich satysfakcję z procesu nauki. Omówione zostały również wnioski i rekomendacje dotyczące dalszego rozwijania programów tutoringowych, które mogą przyczynić się do poprawy jakości kształcenia na poziomie akademickim.

  • Two-Dimensional CrCl3-Layered Trihalide Nanoflake Sensor for the Detection of Humidity, NO2, and H2
    • Valentina Paolucci
    • Dario Mastrippolito
    • Vittorio Ricci
    • Hanna Świątek
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Luca Ottaviano
    • Carlo Cantalini
    2024 ACS Applied Nano Materials

    This study demonstrates that few-layer two-dimensional (2D) CrCl3 transition-metal trihalides (TMTHs; MX3, where M = Ti, V, Cr, Mo, Fe, Ru, and X = Cl, Br, or I) exhibit promising capabilities as chemoresistive sensors for humidity and NO2, H2, and NH3 gases, representing suitable 2D interfaces for gas-sensing applications. Liquid-phase-exfoliated 2D-CrCl3 flakes spin-coated over interdigital substrates exhibit higher chemical stability than CrI3 and VI3 with an excellent reproducible and long-term stable electrical response at an operating temperature (OT) of 100 °C in dry/wet air environments. Results show that with an increase/decrease in resistance, 2D-CrCl3 exhibits p-type responses to NO2 (400 ppb to 1 ppm) and H2O (10−80% relative humidity (RH) at 25 °C), H2 (10−250 ppm), and NH3 (10−250 ppm) oxidizing/reducing gases, respectively. The humidity cross-response of 2D-CrCl3 to NO2 reveals that an environment with 40% RH improves the relative responses and limits of detection of exfoliated CrCl3. The humidity- and gas-sensing response mechanism of 2D-CrCl3 sensor explains its reversal in resistance from an ionic (OT = 25 °C) to an electronic conduction regime (OT = 100 °C) under humid air conditions. These findings provide insights and possibilities for using 2D-CrCl3 TMTHs as humidity- and gas-sensing interfaces.

  • Typology, current state and non-destructive testing of timber roof trusses of historic churches in the West Vistula Delta, Poland
    • Tomasz Zybała
    • Monika Zielińska
    • Magdalena Rucka
    • Jarosław Przewłócki
    • Karol Grębowski
    2024 Pełny tekst Heritage Science

    This paper presents the current state of conservation of historic roof churches located in the Żuławy of Gdańsk (Poland). It also describes the architecture of these temples, the region itself and old carpentry techniques for constructing roof trusses. Interdisciplinary tests were carried out in six churches. The geometry of the load bearing structures, the moisture content and the carpentry technique were specified. The field survey also included visual inspections and non-destructive testing of timber structural elements of the roof constructions. The ground penetrating radar and ultrasonic testing methods were used to assess the structure and extent of the damage to the timber elements. The interdisciplinary research presented in this article is important in the planning of historic buildings conservation works and it might be applied to other timber structures.

  • UAV measurements and AI-driven algorithms fusion for real estate good governance principles support
    • Paweł Tysiąc
    • Artur Janowski
    • Marek Walacik
    2024 International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation

    The paper introduces an original method for effective spatial data processing, particularly important for land administration and real estate governance. This approach integrates Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) data acquisition and processing with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Geometric Transformation algorithms. The results reveal that: (1) while the separate applications of YOLO and Hough Transform algorithms achieve building detection rates up to 77% and 83%, respectively, (2) a novel methodology is proposed to combine spatial data and assess their quality of the detected buildings by comparing the generated building polygons with existing cadastral maps. The evaluation uses a polygon-based comparison approach, which computes metrics such as Precision, Recall, F1-Score, and Accuracy based on the spatial relationships between predicted and reference building contours, (3) the weighted model showed about 7 % improvement in accuracy compared to cadastral data. This innovative approach substantially improves spatial data processing, aiding in implementing principles for real estate good governance and offering a valuable asset for various land administration applications.

  • UAV-Based Hyperspectral Ultraviolet-Visible Interpolated Reflectance Images for Remote Sensing of Leaf Area Index
    • Tomasz Berezowski
    • Marcin Kulawiak
    • Marek Kulawiak
    2024 IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

    Despite its relation to a number of environmental parameters, ultraviolet (UV) reflectance is rarely used in remote sensing. In this study, we investigate the applicability of UV-vis reflectance for vegetation monitoring with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). We measure point reflectance over the study area using a UAV-borne spectrometer, project the points onto the Earth's surface, and interpolate them to obtain continuous reflectance images. We use the leaf area index (LAI) to demonstrate the applicability of UV reflectance for vegetation monitoring. Our results show that the UAV reflectance images match the Sentinel-2 reflectance. Our validation shows that the inclusion of UV reflectance to the visible reflectance in LAI models leads to the r2 increase of up to 29.2% and RMSE decrease of up to 18.9% in comparison to the LAI models using visible reflectance only. We have shown that measurement of UV reflectance is feasible in the 320–400 nm range using UAV remote sensing and that hyperspectral UV-vis reflectance imaging is useful for vegetation monitoring. Moreover, the obtained results lead us to believe that improvement of our measurement system, or conducting the experiments in a different location should make it possible to measure the reflectance at a wavelength of 290 nm. Finally, we discuss other potential applications of UV in remote sensing.

  • UE ETS: an in-depth descriptive analysis.
    • Helena Anacka
    • Claudia Nardone
    2024

    The European Emission Trading System (EU ETS) plays a pivotal role in the EU’s strategy to address climate change, serving as a fundamental instrument for cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Notably, it inaugurated the word’s first major carbon market and it continues to the largest one. Chapter 1 provides an in-depth examination of the EU ETS, spanning from its inception in 2005 to 2020. After providing a descriptive analysis of emission from stationary installation by year, country, and sector, market dynamics is analyzed. This analysis encompasses transaction frequency and volumes traded annually, as well as a breakdown by type of account and month. The study places special emphasis on Italian firms, comparing trading and non-trading entities, firms engaged solely in buying or purchasing, and those involved in both buying and purchasing activities. Additionally, the analysis distinguishes between inter-firm and intra-firm trades within the market.

  • Ulgi podatkowe w sektorze MŚP - wyniki badań
    • Piotr Kasprzak
    2024

    Niniejsza książka powstała na podstawie rozprawy doktorskiej autora, której podstawowe cele obejmowały zbadanie i określenie, czy i w jakim stopniu preferencje podatkowe w postaci ulg i zwolnień są wykorzystywane przez przedsiębiorców należących do sektora MŚP. Celem poznawczym niniejszej pracy jest uporządkowanie wiedzy na temat stymulacyjnej funkcji podatków realizowanej poprzez system ulg i zwolnień. Badanie składało się z czterech etapów – badania pilotażowego w postaci sondażu ankietowego i wywiadów uzupełniających, zasadniczego badania ankietowego oraz drugiej tury wywiadów. Metoda sondażu diagnostycznego została wykorzystana przy zbieraniu danych pierwotnych wśród przedsiębiorstw sektora MŚP. Instrumentem pomiaru był opracowany przez autora kwestionariusz ankiety. Celem było przebadanie przedsiębiorstw spełniających definicję UE w zakresie mikro-, małych i średnich podmiotów, posiadających siedzibę na terytorium RP, podatników podatku dochodowego (CIT lub PIT), z różnych branż i sektorów Analiza wyników przeprowadzonych badań pozwoliła dokonać oceny wykorzystania ulg i zwolnień przez mikro-, małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa. Wyniki badań pokazują, że system obowiązujących w Polsce preferencji podatkowych nie jest idealny. Ponadto, ze względu na wielokierunkowy zakres oddziaływania instrumentów podatkowych, ocena poszczególnych wdrożonych do systemu podatkowego rozwiązań jest zagadnieniem wielce skomplikowanym, a jednoznaczna ocena skuteczności oddziaływania – niejednokrotnie niemożliwa.