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Politechniki Gdańskiej

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  • Layer-by-layer polymer deposited fabrics with superior flame retardancy and electrical conductivity
    • S. Ehsanimehr
    • R. Sonnier
    • P. Najafi
    • Franck Ducos
    • Michael Badawi
    • Krzysztof Formela
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Henri Vahabi
    2022 REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS

    Smart and multifunctional textiles and fabrics are progressively developing, such that multifunctional fabrics are becoming more widespread. We elaborated herein multi-layered flax fabrics with superior flame retardancy and conductivity, which revealed fireproof feature while keeping conductivity during burning. The flax fabric was reinforced by layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of sodium polyacrylate (SPA), polyethylenimine (PEI), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and lastly a composite having poly(aniline-co-melamine) and montmorillonite (MMT) coated the aforementioned layers. The resulting multi-layered fabrics were characterized systematically by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Flame retardancy of fabrics was conducted on pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC), and a vertical burning test. TGA test showed a significant increase in the amount of residue of the treated fabrics (37%) against 19% assigned to untreated flax fabrics. Surprisingly, PCFC showed a very low peak of heat release rate (pHRR) of 15 W/g (HRR) for reinforced flax fabrics with respect to 234 W/g assigned to untreated flax fabrics (≈ −94%). In addition, the vertical burning test demonstrated the fireproof character of multi-layered fabrics. The conductivity of coated flax fabric was in the range of 1–8 × 10−7 S/cm before burning, which astonishingly survived up to 30 s after burning. This bi-functional flame retardant and conductive fabric enables taking next steps towards development of fireproof conductive materials for advanced technologies.

  • Layered Morphology of Gdansk: Past, Present and Future.
    • Saira Abbasi
    • Nirmiti Sutar
    • Małgorzata Kostrzewska
    • Łukasz Bugalski
    • Justyna Martyniuk-Pęczek
    2022 Pełny tekst

    This study aims to analyze the urban fabric and form of the city of Gdańsk based on the Muratorian and Italian school of urban morphology, to deepen the understanding of the morphological process of the urban fabric. It can be seen that the urban fabric of the city is a juxtaposition of all these layers, and based on Muratori’s approach these are indicative of not just the past, present but also the future. The study sample is of the oldest areas of Gdansk that are identified to be dated from 10th to 16th Century and is known as Stare Miasto meaning Old Town. Analysis is based on the study of existing literature, historical archives, cartography and maps. It is seen that the surroundings of the Gdansk city center have changed, and a number of elements that were destroyed were not reconstructed. Minor shifting of matrix routes and development of new poles and nodes are visible, but the primary formation of matrix route visible from the 16th Century remains constant. The research identifies that the nodes, as well as, the edges of the historic city play an integral part in the shaping the urban tissue and form. Furthermore, the river and its shape act as edges as well, and the changes in the shape of the river influence the shape of the urban form.

  • Le reti della terza Italia.Imprese, calcio, sponsirzzazioni e territorio in Serie B 81982-2006)
    • Luciano Segreto
    2022

    Il capitolo si occupa dei rapporti tra imprese e sponsirzzazioni dei club calcistici italiani della serie B tra il 1982 e il 2006

  • Lead In drinking water: Adsorption method and role of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for its remediation: A review
    • Khalil Ahmad
    • Habib-ur-Rehman Shah
    • Muhammad Khan
    • Amjad Iqbal
    • Erich Potrich
    • Larissa Souza Amaral
    • Sidra Rasheed
    • Haq Nawaz
    • Asif Ayub
    • Khalida Naseem
    • Ali Muhammad
    • Ashfaq Muhammad
    2022 JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

    Due to various characteristics properties lead(II) metal is utilized in many applications like lead ion batteries, water pipes, ammunition and paints. For this reason, concentration of lead(II) ions in water is increasing days by days which is alarming for water pollution. Water pollution is a major problem worldwide which affects biosphere badly, and causes continuous reduction of accessible sources of fresh water and ground water, available for drinking purpose. From these pollutants lead is highly toxic metal which badly affects humans as well as aquatic organisms. Due to its toxic and non-degradable nature, it is listed in top ten hazardous metals. Various adsorbents are applied for removal of lead from water. Recently, Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks a subclass of Metal Organic Frameworks introduced by Yaghi group having outstanding stability and porosity are applied for removal of lead from water using adsorption method as reported in many studies. In this review recent progresses for removal of lead from water by adsorption method using ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 MOFs are discussed in detail. Adsorption mechanism includes electrostatic/coordination interactions, π-π-stacking and ion exchange method for lead removal from aqueous medium are discussed in detail. Pseudo 2nd order-equation and Langmuir model are well fitted for elucidation of adsorption mechanism for lead removal.

  • Lead-free bismuth-based perovskites coupled with g–C3N4: A machine learning based novel approach for visible light induced degradation of pollutants
    • Magdalena Miodyńska
    • Alicja Mikolajczyk
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Wojciech Lisowski
    • Grzegorz Trykowski
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    2022 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE

    The use of metal halide perovskites in photocatalytic processes has been attempted because of their unique optical properties. In this work, for the first time, Pb-free Bi-based perovskites of the Cs3Bi2X9 type (X = Cl, Br, I, Cl/Br, Cl/I, Br/I) were synthesized and subjected to comprehensive morphological, structural, and surface analyses, and photocatalytic properties in the phenol degradation reaction were examined. Furthermore, the most promising Pb-free Bi-based Cs3Bi2X9 perovskites (i.e., structures that present an optimal combination of structural features and efficiency) were selected using a machine learning based virtual screening methodology and enriched with the C3N4 composite. The selected and designed Cs3Bi2 (Cl/Br)9 structures were in line with the “safe and sustainable by design” approach and applied for the first time in the aforementioned reaction, which allowed for approximately 84% efficiency under visible light. The main merit of this achievement was the optimum deposition of perovskite Cs3Bi2(Cl/Br)9 (5 wt%) on the C3N4 matrix, which resulted in approximately a two-fold increase in the apparent quantum efficiency of the composite compared with that of bare C3N4 (at an excitation wavelength of 430 nm).

  • Lessons learned during SRAD hybrid motor development
    • Mateusz Czapski
    • Norbert Szulc
    • Julia Godlewska
    • Wiktor Lachowski
    • Natalia Balogh
    • Wojciech Deszczyński
    • Krzysztof Hucik
    • Kacper Zieliński
    • Dariusz Kardaś
    • Anna Rusin
    • Maja Kaszuba
    • Wiktor Sieklicki
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Student Researched and Developed (SRAD) hybrid rocket motor H-15 with total impulse of 15 $kNs$ was built. First version of the engine has average thrust of 3 $kN$, the second, improved one is prepared with an aim to have average thrust of 5 $kN$. Engine development was started from scratch and went through phases of: definition of design assumptions and constraints, numerical modelling to predict engine performance, CAD and CAM models preparation, manufacturing and static testing. Outcomes and conclusions of each phase will be presented, as well as development decisions which were the result of engine testing. H-15 employs nitrous oxide as an oxidizer and polypropylene and polyamide as fuels. This selection of materials was chosen due to their relative ease of preparation and wide availability. The engine was built by SimLE student organisation, form Gdansk University of Technology (Gdansk, Poland). SimLE is one of the largest organisations at GUT which brings together students interested in many aspects of aerospace engineering. The reason for hybrid rocket propulsion development was participation in international rocketry competitions, such as Spaceport America Cup and European Rocketry Challenge. The goal of these contests is delivering 4 $kg$ of payload to an altitude of 3000 $m$ by a sounding rocket. Conclusions from the engine development process will be discussed, as well as perspectives for further development of our engine.

  • Lessons learned from developing an Industry 4.0 mobile process management system supported by Artificial Intelligence
    • Mateusz Kalinowski
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2022 Pełny tekst Informatyka Ekonomiczna. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

    Research, development and innovation (RDI) projects are undertaken in order to improve existing, or develop new, more efficient products and services. Moreover, the goal of innovation is to produce new knowledge through research, and disseminating it through education and training. In this line of thinking, this paper reports and discusses the lessons learned from the undertaken project, regarding three areas: machine learning (artificial intelligence), computational intelligence, and database management systems (DBMS). As nowadays, a numerous of the RDI projects are oriented towards the development of data intensive solutions, the authors are confident that these lessons will be valuable not only for data engineers, but also for those researchers and practitioners who are dealing with the issues related to building and validating machine learning models, applications of moving averages to high-frequency data streams, and the implementation and deployment of DBMS.

  • Li nucleation on the graphite anode under potential control in Li-ion batteries
    • Arihant Bhandari
    • Chao Peng
    • Jacek Dziedzic
    • John R. Owen
    • Denis Kramer
    • Chris-Kriton Skylaris
    2022 Pełny tekst Journal of Materials Chemistry A

    Application of Li-ion batteries in electric vehicles requires improved safety, increased lifetime and high charging rates. One of the most commonly used intercalation anode material for Li-ion batteries, graphite, is vulnerable to Li nucleation, a side reaction which competes with the intercalation process and leads to loss of reversible capacity of the battery, ageing and short-circuits. In this study, we deploy a combined grand canonical large-scale electronic density-functional theory (DFT) and Poisson–Boltzmann electrolyte theory to study the nucleation and growth of Li clusters on the graphite anode in the presence of its surrounding electrolyte environment at different applied voltages with respect to the Li metal reference electrode. We find the voltage below which the nucleation energy becomes negative (corresponding to Li nucleation becoming energetically favourable), the ‘potential of zero nucleation energy’ (UPZN). We observe a distinct minimum in the plots of UPZN as a function of the size of nucleated clusters. When the applied voltage on the graphite electrode is below the minimum value of UPZN, the nucleated clusters start growing unbounded on graphite electrode. This potential for cluster growth (UPCG) is found to be -0.12 V on the periodic basal plane of unlithiated graphite and -0.08 V on lithiated graphite. The corresponding potential for the zigzag edge termination is -0.06 V on unlithiated graphite and -0.04 V on lithiated graphite. Thus, the nucleation and cluster growth is favored on the zigzag edge termination of the graphite electrode as compared to the periodic basal plane and on the lithiated graphite as compared to the unlithiated graphite. We find that the surrounding environment plays a significant role and that nucleation is more likely to occur in electrolyte environment than that predicted from calculations in vacuum. We observe that the potentials obtained with grand canonical ensemble DFT method in electrolyte are close to experimentally available data. The study has profound implications for the nucleation, growth and control of metal dendrites in a battery cell.

  • Light intensity analysis of photovoltaic parameters for perovskite solar cells
    • Damian Głowienka
    • Yulia Galagan
    2022 Pełny tekst ADVANCED MATERIALS

    The number of publications on perovskite solar cells (PSC) continues to grow exponentially. Although the efficiency of PSC is exceeded 25.5%, not every research laboratory can reproduce this result or even pass the border of 20%. Unfortunately, it is not always clear which dominating mechanism is responsible for the performance drop. Here, we develop a simple method of light intensity analysis of JV parameters allowing the understanding what are the mechanisms appearing in the solar cell and limiting device performance. The developed method is supported by the drift-diffusion model and aimed to help in the explanation of the parasitic losses from the interface or bulk recombination, series, or shunt resistance in the perovskite solar cell. This method can help not only point on the dominating of bulk or interface recombination in the devices but also determine which interface is more defective. The detailed and stepwise guidance for such a type of light intensity analysis of JV parameters is provided. The proposed method and the conclusions of this study are supported by a series of case studies, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method on real examples.

  • Light4Health eLearning Course: health research for interior lighting design. Re-thinking design approaches based on science
    • Karolina Zielińska-Dąbkowska
    2022 Pełny tekst

    This paper presents the results of 'Light4Health' (L4H), a three-year EU Erasmus+ Strategic Partnership grant project (2019-2021), which investigated, systematized and taught health-related research on the impact of natural and artificial light on human health and well-being relevant to indoor lighting design. The objective was to re-think evidence-based lighting design approaches for residential, working/educational, and healthcare spaces, in order to develop a novel cross-disciplinary eLearning platform, that intersects lighting design and current peer-reviewed health research through a select combination of the most relevant research, methods, and tools. The content was developed through teaching workshops with international researchers, teachers, and students. Participating students were introduced to the application of relevant research and new metrics, in order to produce creative lighting design proposals. Students were able to inform lighting design approaches that support health and well-being without compromising creativity via the tools and methods developed through the health sciences. With this project, participants and consortium members have narrowed the gap that exists between research and the practice/application of lighting, by translating research from complex scientific jargon into various tools for designers to use. The knowledge gained, was consolidated into an open-access online curriculum for international lighting design students, educators and professionals via the free eLearning Moodle platform (https://course.light4health.net/).

  • Light‐Driven Multi‐Charge Separation in a Push‐Pull Ruthenium‐Based Photosensitizer – Assessed by RASSCF and TDDFT Simulations
    • Stephan Kupfer
    • Maria WäCHTLER
    • Julien Guthmuller
    2022 Pełny tekst ChemPhotoChem

    The performance of photosensitizers in the field of, for example, solar energy conversion, relies on their light-harvesting efficiency in the visible region, population of long-lived charge separated intermediates, as well as their charge-accumulation capacity amongst other properties. In this computational study, we investigate the photophysical properties of a bis(bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)-based black dye (Ru) incorporating a chromophoric unit based on a thiazole donor-acceptor pushpull motif. The combination of two light-harvesting units, that is, the Ru(II)polypyridyl and the thiazole-based organic dye, yields close-lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states, involving both ligand spheres as well as intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) states of the organic dye. Due to the combination of inorganic and organic chromophores the computational modelling of the photophysics of Ru is challenging. To this aim, time-dependent density functional theory and multiconfigurational methods are applied. The excited-state properties obtained for the states of interest are rationalized by electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies. The CAMB3LYP functional was found to accurately describe the ground and excited-state properties of Ru. Finally, excited-state relaxation pathways and the multi-charge-accumulation capacity were addressed. Despite the unidirectional nature of the MLCTthia and ILCTthia transitions, the thiazole unit is merely capable to store one redox equivalent.

  • Lighting conditions in Home Office and occupant’s perception: an international study
    • Cláudia Naves David Amorim
    • Natalia Giraldo Vasquez
    • Barbara Matusiak
    • Julia Kanno
    • Natalia Sokół
    • Justyna Martyniuk-Pęczek
    • Sergio Sibilio
    • Yasuko Koga
    • Giovanni Ciampi
    • Marta Waczyńska
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGY AND BUILDINGS

    The global pandemic and physical distancing restrictions are forcing us to rethink how residential buildings are used regarding the visual environment. This paper describes home office lighting conditions within different countries and continents. The aim is to define the current limitations of home offices in providing a resilient visual environment. The work was developed by a team of international experts working together on Subtask A: User perspective and requirements, in International Energy Agency IEA SHC Task 61/EBC Annex 77 “Integrated Solutions for Daylighting and Electric Lighting”. The method included an international online survey in 6 countries in South America, Europe and East Asia containing 37 questions about general data, physical characteristics of the home office and occupant’s perception, behaviour and needs regarding the visual environments, and photos taken by the occupants. Descriptive statistics, inspection of the photos, and qualitative analysis from the open-ended question were performed. In total, 694 responses and 453 photos were analysed, making it possible to identify the occupants’ perceptions about the lighting and visual environment in the home offices both for professionals and students. The results indicate cultural differences in styles of residential buildings and interiors, in the custom of using lighting, and between continents and occupational categories. Possible improvements are suggested.

  • Lighting conditions in home office and occupant’s perception: Exploring drivers of satisfaction
    • Natalia Giraldo Vasquez
    • Cláudia Naves David Amorim
    • Barbara Matusiak
    • Julia Kanno
    • Natalia Sokół
    • Justyna Martyniuk-Pęczek
    • Sergio Sibilio
    • Michelangelo Scorpio
    • Yasuko Koga
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGY AND BUILDINGS

    This paper depicts lighting home office conditions within different countries and continents, emphasizing the user’s satisfaction with the visual environment. The scope of this article is to investigate the drivers of participants’ satisfaction with the lighting conditions at the home office. The study was developed by a team of international experts working together on Subtask A: User perspective and requirements, Task 61 IEA (International Energy Agency): Solutions for daylighting and electric lighting. An online survey was launched in December 2020 and closed on March 2021. The survey was implemented in the native languages of six participant countries (Brazil, Colombia, Denmark, Italy, Poland, and Japan) using Google Forms, and its dissemination was via various social media platforms. Measures of association between variables and predictive tests were run to explore which investigated aspects drove participants’ satisfaction with the lighting conditions at the home office. We found some differences in satisfaction due to participants’ sex, occupation, and participants’ continent of residence. Females were more satisfied with daylight than males. Associations between the perception of seven light descriptors and satisfaction showed differences between East Asians and the rest of the participants, which might be related to the high dependence of the formers on electric lighting even when daylight is available. Design features as southern facades, the distance from the working area to the window, type of internal sun shading were related to daylighting satisfaction. Moreover, satisfaction with the general light level and the electric light was higher for those participants who did not need to switch on the ceiling, floor, or desk lamp when daylight was available. We found that an external view composed of 3 layers and the sky’s visibility afforded a higher satisfaction with the window view. Having an independent room for the home office appeared to be related to a higher willingness to continue in the home office. Likewise, higher satisfaction with the overall visual environment and window view appeared to increase the willingness to continue working from home. Bridging the gap amid cultural differences and daylighting and lighting satisfaction is needed, particularly, relational studies between design features –as a response of cultural, climatic, and local practices- and occupants’ preferences and acceptability.

  • Limits of enhanced of macro- and meso-scale continuum models for studying size effect in concrete under tension
    • Patryk Chodkowski
    • Jerzy Bobiński
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2022 European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering

    The paper investigates a mechanical quasi-static size effect in concrete during splitting tension at the macro- and meso-level. In experiments, five different diameters of cylindrical concrete specimens were tested. Twodimensional plane strain finite element (FE) simulations were carried out to reproduce the experimental size effect. The size effect in experiments by Carmona et al. was also simulated. Two enhanced continuum concrete models (elasto-plastic and damage) were used which were enriched in softening by a characteristic length of micro-structure with the help of a nonlocal theory. In macro-level simulations, the effect of crucial geometric and material parameters on the size effect was carefully studied such as the width of loading/supporting strips, concrete fracture energy in tension,concrete compressive strength and stiffness of loading/supporting strips. The focus was on the distribution of primary and secondary strain localization zones. In addition, some 2D size effect calculations were performed within enriched elasto-plasticity at the meso-scale by considering the real heterogeneous meso-structure of concrete from the front side of experimental specimens. The calculated size effect on the splitting tensile strength at the macro- and meso-scale proved to be weaker than in our experiments. Shortcomings of enhanced continuum models for size effect simulations were outlined.

  • Limits Theorems for Random Walks on Homeo(S1)
    • Gabriela Łuczyńska
    • Tomasz Szarek
    2022 JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS

    The central limit theorem and law of the iterated logarithm for Markov chains corresponding to random walks on the space Homeo(S1) of circle homeomorphisms for centered Lipschitz functions and every starting point are proved.

  • Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Azobenzene Derivatives Modified with an (Amino)naphthalene Moiety
    • Marta Dudek
    • Anna Kaczmarek-Kędziera
    • Radosław Deska
    • Jakub Trojnar
    • Patryk Jasik
    • Piotr Młynarz
    • Marek Samoć
    • Katarzyna Matczyszyn
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B

    The design of two-photon absorbing azobenzene (AB) derivatives has received much attention; however, the two-photon absorption (2PA) properties of bis-conjugated azobenzene systems are relatively less explored. Here, we present the synthesis of six azobenzene derivatives and three bisazobenzenes substituted (or not) at para position(s) with one or two amino group(s). Their linear and nonlinear absorption properties are studied experimentally and theoretically. The switching behavior and thermal stability of the Z-isomer are studied for unsubstituted mono- (1a, 2a) and bis-azobenzene (3a) compounds, showing that when the length of the π system increases, the half-life of the Z-isomer decreases. Moreover, along with the increase of π-conjugation, the photochromic characteristics are impaired and the photostationary state (PSS) related to E−Z photoisomerization is composed of 89% of the Z-isomer for 2a and 26% of the Z-isomer for 3a. Importantly, the 2PA cross-section increases almost five-fold on extending the π-conjugation (2a vs 3a) and by about one order of magnitude when comparing two systems: the unsubstituted π-electron one (2a, 3a) with D-π-D (2c, 3c). This work clarifies the contribution of π-conjugation and substituent effects to the linear and nonlinear optical properties of mono- and bis-azobenzene compounds based on the experimental and theoretical approaches.

  • Linking music data in executable documents
    • Adam Kaczmarek
    2022

    This paper presents the application of Interactive Open Document Architecture (IODA) to music and video data. This architecture was design to create multilayer documents which consist of many files. The paper shows the method of creating media documents on the basis of IODA. These kind of documents were called IODA Media Documents (IMD). IMD have links that connect many different kinds of files containing music and video data. A group of files became a single entity which can be easily processed by computer applications.

  • Linking optical and electronic properties to photoresponse of heterojunctions based on titania nanotubes and chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten oxides
    • Łukasz Haryński
    • Adrian Olejnik
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Katarzyna Grochowska
    • Katarzyna Siuzdak
    2022 OPTICAL MATERIALS

    The development of photosensitization strategies for titanium dioxide is necessary for the enhancement of its optical and electronic properties towards its application potential in solar photoelectrochemistry. In this work, significant differences in the photosensitizing capability of the 6th group transition metal oxides applied on the surface of titania nanotubes are reported. For the first time, correlations between the experimentally determined Tauc coefficients, sample photoresponse, and ab-initio simulated properties of the heterojunctions are established. Experimental results show undoubtedly that the decoration of TiO2 nanotubes with chromium oxides leads to the enhanced photoresponse, which originates from the interplay of mid-gap states and both direct and indirect nature of the transitions contributing to the optical absorption. The opposite tendency and decrease of photocurrent were found for molybdenum and tungsten oxides which exhibited forbidden nature of dominating transition. Although computations report intraband states in all interfaces, experimentally only chromium oxides contribute to the photocurrent. The uniqueness of this interface lies in the highest density of states in the vicinity of the conduction band and the low energy difference between the direct and indirect transitions of the innate chromium oxide. The obtained results demonstrate that the determination of the Tauc exponent and the nature of optical transition are more reliable experimental predictors of the photoactivity enhancement in the heterojunctions than the value of the band gap.

  • Ln2(SeO3)2(SO4)(H2O)2 (Ln=Sm, Dy, Yb): A Mixed‐Ligand Pathway to New Lanthanide(III) Multifunctional Materials Featuring Nonlinear Optical and Magnetic Anisotropy Properties
    • Ebube E. Oyeka
    • Michał Winiarski
    • Hanna Świątek
    • Wyatt Balliew
    • Colin D. McMillen
    • Mingli Liang
    • Maurice Sorolla II
    • Thao Tran
    2022 Pełny tekst ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

    Bottom-up assembly of optically nonlinear and magnetically anisotropic lanthanide materials involving precisely placed spin carriers and optimized metal-ligand coordination offers a potential route to developing electronic architectures for coherent radiation generation and spin-based technologies, but the chemical design historically has been extremely hard to achieve. To address this, we developed a worthwhile avenue for creating new noncentrosymmetric chiral Ln3+ materials Ln2(SeO3)2(SO4)(H2O)2 (Ln=Sm, Dy, Yb) by mixed-ligand design. The materials exhibit phase-matching nonlinear optical responses, elucidating the feasibility of the heteroanionic strategy. Ln2(SeO3)2(SO4)(H2O)2 displays paramagnetic property with strong magnetic anisotropy facilitated by large spin-orbit coupling. This study demonstrates a new chemical pathway for creating previously unknown polar chiral magnets with multiple functionalities.

  • Load path sensitivity and multiaxial fatigue life prediction of metals under non-proportional loadings
    • Qing-Yun Deng
    • Shun-Peng Zhu
    • Xiaopeng Niu
    • Grzegorz Lesiuk
    • Wojciech Macek
    • Qingyuan Wang
    2022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE

    Engineering components often operate under complex loadings, in which the variable amplitude multiaxial stresses are raised by geometric discontinuities including holes, grooves, fillets and shoulders, etc. Besides, the non-proportional loading will lead to the rotation of maximum principal stress/strain and additional fatigue damage of structural elements in service. Consequently, the multiaxial and non-proportional loading have attracted increasing attentions. In this study, for distinguishing the effects of different load paths on fatigue life, a simple and applicable method to quantify the non-proportionality is defined, which comprehensively considers the influence of loadings on all material planes. A new equivalent strain damage parameter based on critical plane is proposed in this study. Specifically, to quantify the effect of non-proportional loading on fatigue damage, a non-proportional degree of loading on the generalized plane is developed. Coupling with the existing non-proportional coefficient, a novel fatigue damage parameter is derived by combining a non-proportional factor. Experimental data of 304 stainless steel, sintered porous iron and CuZn37 brass are utilized for model validation and comparison. Fatigue lives with different load paths are evaluated respectively. In comparison with the Fatemi-Socie (FS), Chen and Itoh models, proposed method more effectively evaluate the multiaxial fatigue life of materials under non-proportional loadings.

  • Local variability in snow concentrations of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants as a source of large uncertainty in interpreting spatial patterns at all scales
    • Filip Pawlak
    • Krystyna Koziol
    • Klaudia Kosek
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

    Single point sampling, a widespread practice in snow studies in remote areas, due to logistical constraints, can present an unquantified error to the final study results. The low concentrations of studied chemicals, such as chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, contribute to the uncertainty. We conducted a field experiment in the Arctic to estimate the error stemming from differences in the composition of snow at short distances (1–3 m), including 13 single organochlorine pesticides and 6 polychlorinated biphenyls, thus providing the most detailed published dataset on the subject. We contrasted this variability with the uncertainty at larger spatial scales, both within one valley (regional scale, this study) and as described in the worldwide literature. The range of values for the coefficient of variation for local samples was 20–58% for single organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 33–54% for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and for regional samples it was 21–69% for OCPs and 65–93% for PCBs. We suggest that, to observe the actual changes in the concentration of selected compounds in snow, they should vary at the level of 40–60%, depending on the compound in question. The uncertainty margin remains much smaller than the current discrepancy between observation data and atmospheric deposition models considering snow, deeming field data on snow concentrations a useful ground-truthing dataset. However, field observations on spatial differences at all scales need to be interpreted with caution, and the dataset provided here on the local sampling uncertainty helps define the margins of such interpretations.

  • Locally sculptured modification of the electrochemical response of conductive poly(lactic acid) 3D prints by femtosecond laser processing
    • Mateusz Cieślik
    • Mirosław Sawczak
    • Rafał Jendrzejewski
    • Joanna Celej
    • Wojciech Nogala
    • Jacek Ryl
    2022 Pełny tekst ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

    This manuscript presents an approach to sculpture high electrochemical activity of the 3D printed electrodes with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix and carbon black (CB) filler by femtosecond laser (FSL) ablation. CB-PLA utility for electrochemical applications depends on a surface modification aiming to remove the PLA and uncover the conductive CB. We have discussed how laser pulse energy is critical for such an activation process. The best performance was obtained for 4.1 J cm−2, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows only partial evaporation of PLA at lower energy densities. Next, we have confirmed the efficiency of locally sculptured CB-PLA surface activation by FSL treatment, obtaining high linearity between electrochemically active surface and FSL-treated surface from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. The electrode's efficient sculpturing of stripes 0.2 mm in width was confirmed with electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Finally, by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy, we confirmed no significant oxidation of the CB filler after FSL treatment. We revealed significant differences with ablation by longer nanosecond laser pulses, where significant heat transferred to the electrode surface contributed to partial melting and re-solidification of the PLA, negatively influencing the activation efficiency.

  • Lokalizowanie terminala użytkownika z użyciem interfejsu NB-IoT
    • Piotr Rajchowski
    • Krzysztof Cwalina
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    2022 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    W artykule przedstawiono metodę estymacji położenia terminala użytkownika korzystając z sygnałów okazjonalnych nadawanych w łączu w dół w interfejsie NB-IoT. Zweryfikowano praktyczną zdolność estymacji położenia na testowym obszarze korzystając z sygnałów wzorcowych o zmiennej wartości stosunku sygnału do szumu oraz z różnym emulowanym profilem kanału radiowego. Dodatkowo przedstawiono metodę umożliwiającą zwięk-szenie dokładności estymacji położenia terminala bez konieczności zwiększania częstotliwości próbkowania sygnału radiowego

  • Long-Term GNSS Tropospheric Parameters for the Tropics (2001-2018) Derived from Selected IGS Stations
    • Zofia Baldysz
    • Grzegorz Nykiel
    • Mariusz Figurski
    2022 Pełny tekst

    This paper describes dataset “Tropospheric parameters derived from selected IGS stations in the tropics for the years 2001-2018” contains GNSS-derived zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), a posteriori corrected zenith wet delay (ZWD), and precipitable water vapour (PWV) time series. These troposphere-related data were estimated for the Jan 2001 – Dec 2018 period for 43 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations located across the global tropics. As one coherent strategy for the processing of the GNSS observations was adopted, the dataset is a robust source of long-term, homogeneous tropospheric time series, which can be used in meteorological and climate-related studies. It enables the examination of moisture patterns on numerous time scales, including seasonal and interannual variability.

  • Long-Term Measurement of Physiological Parameters – Child Dataset
    • Małgorzata Szczerska
    2022 Pełny tekst

    The dataset titled “Long-term measurement of physiological parameters – child is one dataset” of the bigger series named Long-term measurement of physiological parameters. The dataset contains physiological parameter measurements such as skin temperature and resistance, blood pulse, as well as the stress detection marker, which can have a value of 0 when there is no stress detected or 1 when stress appeared. Additionally, the dataset contains information about the value of the device battery charge. The measurements were conducted for a long period of 120 minutes.

  • Long-term operating conditions for different sorption materials to capture phosphate from domestic wastewater
    • Andrzej Jucherski
    • Andrzej Walczowski
    • Piotr Bugajski
    • Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski
    • Joanna Rodziewicz
    • Wojciech Janczukowicz
    • Shubiao Wu
    • Magda Kasprzyk
    • Magdalena Gajewska
    • Artur Mielcarek
    2022 Pełny tekst Sustainable Materials and Technologies

    This paper presents the results of a study on the possibility of applying various configured filters filled with a mixture of Rockfos® and Leca® material for the effective capture of phosphate from domestic wastewater. The tests were carried out for two years at two wastewater flow rates (20 and 40 L/day) in three pairs of filtration columns with a volume of filter material equal to 20 liters each. Columns 1A and 1B were filled only with Rockfos®. Columns 2A and 2B contained Rockfos® and two 5-cm layers of Leca®. Columns 3A and 3B were filled with Rockfos® and a 10% addition of Leca®. A high phosphate removal efficiency was obtained at a level of 93.2 – 94.9% for all columns tested at a flow rate of 20 L/day with a retention time of 12 h. After 250 days of the experiment, the efficiency of phosphate removal decreased significantly, which was associated with a drop in the temperature of the inflowing wastewater (<10°C). The alkaline characteristic (11–12 pH) of the filter material promoted the removal of phosphate from the wastewater. The pH value of the treated wastewater gradually decreased from pH 12 on the first days of an experiment to pH below 9.0 after about 300 days of operation. Studies showed that Rockfos® material can be used successfully to capture phosphate from wastewater for the sustainable development of rural areas in the circular economy. When designing and building phosphate removal filters, it is recommended to use 1 m3 Rockfos® with the addition of Leca® in 1 m3/day of wastewater inflow.

  • Long-Term Stability of Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotic Drugs in Blood Samples Stored at Varying Temperatures
    • Laura Banaszkiewicz
    • Mateusz Woźniak
    • Ewa Domagalska
    • Michal Kaliszan
    • Agata Kot-Wasik
    2022 JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

    Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs are among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world and are considered standard care for various mental illnesses and for treatment of sleeping and anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasms and epilepsy. Some BZDs are not allowed as pharmaceuticals in many countries, and they are used as "designer benzodiazepines" (DBZDs). All these compounds are typically screened in routine toxicological analyses for forensic purposes. Knowledge of time-dependent decreases in drug concentrations during storage or transport of samples is of considerable significance and allows forensic toxicologists to achieve reliable data, proper interpretation and high-quality results. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the amounts of selected BZDs, DBZDs and Z-drugs in blood samples stored at various temperatures. The study involved BZDs (19), DBZDs (3) and Z-drugs (2) spiked into blank blood. Subsequently, the blood samples were stored at various temperatures (room temperature, 4°C, -20°C and -80°C) for up to six months. Analyses were performed at 1-2 week intervals using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The stability of compounds were evaluated under four temperature conditions over a 6 month. Some benzodiazepines were stable at all temperatures tested (e.g., diazepam, oxazepam, nordazepam, prazepam) and degradated of only 0-10%. The highest instability was observed for analyte samples kept at room temperature, and the losses in content for some compounds, e.g., lorazepam and chlordiazepoxide, were almost 100%. For other compounds, the stability was clearly different at each tested temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first such comprehensive study of the long-term stability of benzodiazepines covering a wide range of different storage temperatures.

  • Low energy inelastic electron scattering from carbon monoxide: II. Excitation of the b3Σ+, j3Σ+, B1Σ+, C1Σ+ and E1Π Rydberg electronic states
    • Mateusz Zawadzki
    • Murtadha Khakoo
    • Ahmad Sakaamini
    • Logan Voorneman
    • Luka Ratkovich
    • Zdeněk Mašín
    • Amar Dora
    • Russ Laher
    • Jonathan Tennyson
    2022 JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS

    In this second part of a two part paper (first part: Zawadzki et al (2020 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 53 165201)) we present differential scattering cross sections for excitation of several Rydberg electronic states of carbon monoxide by electron impact. The first part concerned the low-lying valence states of CO. In the present study cross sections are obtained experimentally using low-energy electron energy-loss spectroscopy and theoretically using the R-matrix method. Incident electron energies range from near-threshold of 12.5 eV to 20 eV while the scattering angles range from 20° to 120°. The R-matrix calculations use three distinct close-coupling models and their results are compared to available experimental and theoretical cross sections. The overall comparison leads to significantly improved description of the excitation cross sections for this target.

  • Low-Cost Design Optimization of Microwave Passives Using Multi-Fidelity EM Simulations and Selective Broyden Updates
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2022 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

    Geometry parameters of contemporary microwave passives have to be carefully tuned in the final stages of their design process to ensure the best possible performance. For reliability reasons, the tuning has to be to be carried out at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. This is because traditional modeling methods are incapable of quantifying certain phenomena that may affect operation and performance of these devices, such as cross-coupling effects. As a consequence, the designs yielded with the use of equivalent network models, may only serve as starting points that need further refinement. Unfortunately, simulation-driven numerical optimization is computationally demanding even in the case of local search procedures. Thus, significant research efforts have been aimed toward identifying effective ways of expediting EM-driven optimization procedures, critical from the point of view of cost of design cycles. Among these, one may list the recently proposed multi-fidelity optimization frameworks. Another option for accelerating simulation-driven design procedures are sparse sensitivity updating schemes, where costly gradient estimation through finite-differentiation (FD) is suppressed for selected variables. This work proposes a novel algorithm that capitalizes on both aforementioned mechanisms to reduce the optimization cost of local gradient-based parameter tuning of compact microwave components. In our approach, multi-fidelity optimization is further expedited by replacing expensive FD sensitivity updates with the Broyden formula for selected design variables. Verification using two microwave structures, a branch-line coupler and a power divider, demonstrates average savings of around eighty percent over the basic trust-region (TR) routine, with only minor degradation of the design quality.

  • Low-Cost Quasi-Global Optimization of Expensive Electromagnetic Simulation Models by Inverse Surrogates and Response Features
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2022 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Conceptual design of contemporary high-frequency structures is typically followed by a careful tuning of their parameters, predominantly the geometry ones. The process aims at improving the relevant performance figures, and may be quite expensive. The reason is that conventional design methods, e.g., based on analytical or equivalent network models, often only yield rough initial designs. This is especially the case for miniaturized components featuring considerable electromagnetic (EM) cross couplings, or antenna systems with non-negligible radiator coupling (e.g., MIMO, closely-spaced arrays). For reliability reasons, parametric optimization is carried out using EM simulation tools, which is a time-consuming task. In many cases, designer needs to resort to a global search, especially when handling several objectives and constraints is necessary, or the high-frequency structure under design is overly complex. Combination of both aforementioned factors makes it no longer possible to rely on engineering insight, even to detect a promising region of the design space. Unfortunately, nature-inspired algorithms, commonly employed for solving these tasks typically exhibit significant computational expenditures. This paper proposes a simple yet efficient method for globalized search using a response feature approach and inverse regression surrogates. Owing to less nonlinear dependence of the feature point coordinates on the system variables (as compared to the original responses, e.g., S-parameter frequency characteristics), our methodology permits a rapid identification of the most appropriate regions of the parametric space, and further design tuning by means of local routines. At the same time, the overall optimization cost is comparable to the cost of local procedures. The proposed approach is validated using several high-frequency structures (a dual-band antenna, a microstrip coupler, an impedance matching transformer) optimized under different design scenarios. Global search capability and computational efficiency are demonstrated through comprehensive comparisons with multiple-start local search, as well as particle swarm optimizer, a representative nature-inspired algorithm.

  • Low-Cost Yield-Driven Design of Antenna Structures Using Response-Variability Essential Directions and Parameter Space Reduction
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Łukasz Gołuński
    2022 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Quantifying the effects of fabrication tolerances and uncertainties of other types is fundamental to improve antenna design immunity to limited accuracy of manufacturing procedures and technological spread of material parameters. This is of paramount importance especially for antenna design in the industrial context. Degradation of electrical and field properties due to geometry parameter deviations often manifests itself as, e.g., center frequency shifts or compromised impedance matching. Improving antenna performance at the presence of uncertainties is typically realized through maximization of the fabrication yield. This is normally carried out at the accuracy level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis, which incurs considerable computational expenses. The involvement of surrogate modeling techniques is the most common approach to alleviating these difficulties, yet conventional modeling methods suffer to a great extent form the curse of dimensionality. This work proposes a technique for low-cost yield optimization of antenna structures. It capitalizes on meticulous definition of the domain of the metamodel constructed for statistical analysis purposes. The domain is spanned by a limited number of essential directions being the most influential in terms of affecting antenna responses in the frequency bands of interest. These directions are determined through an automated decision-making process based on the assessment of the circuit response variability. Our approach permits maintaining small domain volume, which translates into low cost of surrogate model setup, while providing sufficient room for yield improvement. The presented method is validated using three antenna structures and favorably compared to several surrogate-assisted benchmark methods. EM-driven Monte Carlo simulation is also conducted to verify reliability of the yield optimization process.

  • Low-Loss Mechanically Tunable Resonator and Phase Shifters in Groove Gap Waveguide Technology
    • Ali Karami Horestani
    • Zahra Shaterian
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2022 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    This research is focused on the design and realization of high-performance high-power variable phase shifters in groove gap waveguide technology. Specifically, it is shown that the unique characteristic of groove gap waveguides, which is its proper operation without the need for electrical connection between the top and bottom sections of the waveguide, can be used to design mechanically tunable devices. Using the proposed method, a mechanically tunable cavity resonator and phase shifters with a wide range of achievable phase shifts are presented. To validate the concept, a phase shifter with 540 degrees relative phase shift at 15 GHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. Moreover, a multi-layer version of the proposed phase shifter with stationary feed ports and improved performance is presented.

  • Low-Molecular Pyrazine-Based DNA Binders: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties
    • Paulina Mech-warda
    • Giełdoń Artur
    • Anna Kawiak
    • Natalia Maciejewska
    • Mateusz Olszewski
    • Mariusz Makowski
    • Agnieszka Chylewska
    2022 Pełny tekst MOLECULES

    Pyrazine and its derivatives are a large group of compounds that exhibit broad biological activity, the changes of which can be easily detected by a substituent effect or a change in the functional group. The present studies combined theoretical research with the density functional theory (DFT) approach (B3LYP/6-311+G**) and experimental (potentiometric and spectrophotometric) analysis for a thorough understanding of the structure of chlorohydrazinopyrazine, its physicochemical and cytotoxic properties, and the site and nature of interaction with DNA. The obtained results indicated that 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine (2Cl3HP) displayed the highest affinity to DNA. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the compound did not exhibit toxicity toward human dermal keratinocytes, which supported the potential application of 2Cl3HP in clinical use. The study also attempted to establish the possible equilibria occurring in the aqueous solution and, using both theoretical and experimental methods, clearly showed the hydrophilic nature of the compound. The experimental and theoretical results of the study confirmed the quality of the compound, as well as the appropriateness of the selected set of methods for similar research.

  • Low-Profile Interdigitated UHF RFID Tag Antenna for Metallic Objects
    • Fuad Erman
    • Dalia Mansour
    • Mohammad Kouali
    • Arafat Shabaneh
    • Leifur Leifsson
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Effariza Hanafi
    2022 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    This article presents a novel miniature interdigitated ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna that can be placed on metallic objects. The tag structure comprises two horizontal strip lines, each loaded with seven identical open stubs, and an integrated circuit (IC) chip connected directly to the feed lines in the middle of the structure. The perfect match to the IC chip’s impedance is realized by adjusting the length of the loaded open stubs and the spaces between the stubs. Molding the antenna’s geometry can be applied to realize conjugated impedance with any sort of IC chip due to the flexibility of the tag structure. It is fabricated on a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) slab. Moreover, its structure does not involve any metallic vias or shorting walls, which makes its construction simple and suitable for mass production. The tag of the size of 55.2 mm×44.2 mm×1.5 mm yields a total realized gain of -4.11 dB at the operating frequency while being placed on a 20 cm×20 cm metallic plate. The measured detection distance is 8.14 m on metallic objects. A good match between the measured and simulated results is observed.

  • Low-Voltage Low-Power Filters with Independent ω0 and Q Tuning for Electronic Cochlea Applications
    • Waldemar Jendernalik
    • Jacek Jakusz
    • Grzegorz Blakiewicz
    2022 Pełny tekst Electronics

    An acoustic second-order low-pass filter is proposed for filter banks emulating the operation of a human cochlea. By using a special filter structure and an innovative quality (Q)-factor tuning technique, an independent change of the cutoff frequency (ω0) and the Q-factor with unchanged gain at low frequencies is achieved in this filter. The techniques applied result in a simple filter design with low Q-factor sensitivity to component mismatch. These filter features greatly simplify the implementation of the electronic cochlea in CMOS technologies. An exemplary filter bank designed and simulated in an X-FAB 180 nm CMOS process is presented, which consumes 1.25–34.75 nW of power per individual filter when supplied with 0.5 V. The 11-channel filter bank covers a 20–20 kHz band, while the Q-factor of each channel can be tuned from 2 to 40. The simulation-predicted sensitivities of Q and ω0 to process/voltage/temperature (PVT) variations are less than 1%. The input-referred noise is no greater than 22 μVRMS, and the dynamic range is at least 68 dB for all filters in the bank.

  • LTE and NB-IoT Performance Estimation Based on Indicators Measured by the Radio Module
    • Robert Burczyk
    • Agnieszka Czapiewska
    • Małgorzata Gajewska
    • Sławomir Gajewski
    2022 Pełny tekst Electronics

    Monitoring the operating parameters of power grids is extremely important for their proper functioning as well as for ensuring the security of the entire infrastructure. As the idea of the Internet of Things becomes more ubiquitous, there are tools for monitoring the state of the complex electrical grid and means to control it. There are also developed new measuring devices and transmission technologies allowing for the transfer of performed measurements from many places to the network management center. However, there are still no devices that act as data concentrators, which would integrate many transmission technologies and protocols in one device, supporting the communication between those different transmission technologies and which would realize edge computing to assist the management center by prioritizing and combining transmitted data. In this article, the authors present a device that meets the above-mentioned requirements. There are presented research results leading to the development of a decision algorithm, called Multilink—ML, dedicated to the presented device. This algorithm enables the selection between LTE and NB-IoT interfaces for packet transmission without the need to burden the communication system with additional transmissions.

  • Machine learning applied to acoustic-based road traffic monitoring
    • Karolina Marciniuk
    • Bożena Kostek
    2022 Pełny tekst

    The motivation behind this study lies in adapting acoustic noise monitoring systems for road traffic monitoring for driver’s safety. Such a system should recognize a vehicle type and weather-related pavement conditions based on the audio level measurement. The study presents the effectiveness of the selected machine learning algorithms in acoustic-based road traffic monitoring. Bases of the operation of the acoustic road traffic detector are briefly described. Principles of several machine learning algorithms, data acquisition process, information about the dataset built are explained. The study is conducted using the audio recordings prepared by the authors, registered in several locations and different meteorological conditions of the road surface. For each recording containing a single-vehicle passage, a vector of 67 parameters extracted from the audio signal is calculated. Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis and Regression Analysis, the fastest among algorithms employed, return the following values of accuracy: 0.968 and 0.978, precision: 0.919 and 0.853, recall: 0.882 and 0.974, and F-score: 0.898 and 0.868 for vehicle type classification. In the case of the road pavement conditions, the obtained metrics are as follows: accuracy of 0.933, precision of 0.898, recall of 0.9, and F-score of 0.884.

  • Machine learning applied to acoustic-based road traffic monitoring
    • Karolina Marciniuk
    • Bożena Kostek
    2022 Pełny tekst Procedia Computer Science

    The motivation behind this study lies in adapting acoustic noise monitoring systems for road traffic monitoring for driver’s safety. Such a system should recognize a vehicle type and weather-related pavement conditions based on the audio level measurement. The study presents the effectiveness of the selected machine learning algorithms in acoustic-based road traffic monitoring. Bases of the operation of the acoustic road traffic detector are briefly described. Principles of several machine learning algorithms, data acquisition process, and information about the dataset built are explained. The study is conducted using the audio recordings prepared by the authors, registered in several locations and under different meteorological conditions of the road surface. For each recording containing a single-vehicle passage, a vector of 67 parameters extracted from the audio signal is calculated. Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis and Regression Analysis, the fastest among algorithms employed, return the following values of accuracy: 0.968 and 0.978, precision: 0.919 and 0.853, recall: 0.882 and 0.974, and F1-score: 0.898 and 0.868 for vehicle type classification. In the case of the road pavement conditions, the obtained metrics are as follows: accuracy of 0.933, precision of 0.898, recall of 0.9, and F1-score of 0.884.

  • Machine-aided detection of SARS-CoV-2 from complete blood count
    • Barbara Klaudel
    • Aleksander Obuchowski
    • Małgorzata Dąbrowska
    • Kornelia Sałaga-zaleska
    • Zdzisław Kowalczuk
    2022

    The current gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection methods lacks the functionality to perform population screening. Complete blood count (CBC) tests are a cost-effective way to reach a wide range of people – e.g. according to the data of the Central Statistical Office of Poland from 2016, there are 3,000 blood diagnostic laboratories in Poland, and 46% of Polish people have at least one CBC test per year. In our work, we show the possibility of machine detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the basis of routine blood tests. The role of the model is to facilitate the screening of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients or in the incubation phase. Early research suggests that asymptomatic patients with COVID-19 may develop complications of COVID-19 (e.g., a type of lung injury). The solution we propose has an F1 score of 87.37%. We show the difference in the results obtained on Polish and Italian data sets, challenges in cross-country knowledge transfer and the selection of machine learning algorithms. We also show that CBC-based models can be a convenient, cost-effective and accurate method for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, however, such a model requires validation on an external cohort before being put into clinical practice.

  • Magazynowanie ciepła i energia odpadowa
    • Tomasz Minkiewicz
    2022

    Przedstawiono technologie magazynowania ciepła, opisano wybrane konstrukcje magazynów ciepła i ich zasadę działania, zdefiniowano pojęcie energii odpadowej oraz wskazano wybrane urządzenia i układy służące do odzyskiwania energii cieplnej.

  • Magnetic deep eutectic solvents – Fundamentals and applications
    • Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
    • Massoud Kaykhaii
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Miguel de la Guardia
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS

    Magnetic deep eutectic solvents (MDES), a relatively new subclass of conventional deep eutectic solvents (DES) containing additional paramagnetic components in their structure. MDES exhibit a strong response toward external magnetic fields, thus they can improve many industrial and analytical applications. In addition, this new group of solvents present unique physicochemical properties that can be easily tuned by selecting the appropriate ingredients for MDES synthesis. Therefore, the reported studies on properties and applications have increased in recent years. This review highlights the structures and mechanism of MDES formation, methods of synthesis, basic physicochemical properties, including melting point/freezing point, decomposition temperature, magnetic susceptibility, dynamic viscosity, density, ionic conductivity surface tension, toxicity, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic character, together with current application in analytical and industrial methods/procedures. Moreover, advantages, limitations, and future perspectives of the application MDES are critically discussed. We hope that this review will inspire many new perspectives and developments in the field of MDES applications.

  • Magnetic nanocomposites for biomedical applications
    • Mina Naghdi
    • Mahsa Ghovvati
    • Navid Rabiee
    • Sepideh Ahmadi
    • Nikzad Abbariki
    • Soheil Sojdeh
    • Amirhossein Ojaghi
    • Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
    • Omid Akhavan
    • Esmaeel Sharifi
    • Mohammad Rabiee
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Keivan Bolouri
    • Thomas J. Webster
    • Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare
    • Ali Zarrabi
    2022 ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

    Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have solved numerous problems related to the repair and regeneration of damaged organs and tissues arising from aging, illnesses, and injuries. Nanotechnology has further aided tissue regeneration science and has provided outstanding opportunities to help disease diagnosis as well as treat damaged tissues. Based on the most recent findings, magnetic nanostructures (MNSs), in particular, have emerged as promising materials for detecting, directing, and supporting tissue regeneration. There have been many reports concerning the role of these nano-building blocks in the regeneration of both soft and hard tissues, but the subject has not been extensively reviewed. Here, we review, classify, and discuss various synthesis strategies for novel MNSs used in medicine. Advanced applications of magnetic nanocomposites (MG-NCs), specifically magnetic nanostructures, are further systematically reviewed. In addition, the scientific and technical aspects of MG-NC used in medicine are discussed considering the requirements for the field. In summary, this review highlights the numerous opportunities and challenges associated with the use of MG-NCs as smart nanocomposites (NCs) in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

  • Magnetic properties of α-KCoPO4 compound with a chiral polar crystal structure
    • Jędrzej Kondek
    • Sandra Szczupaczyńska-Zalewska
    • Michał Winiarski
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS

    We have obtained polycrystalline samples of a metastable α variant of KCoPO4 by low temperature (350–400 °C) solid state metathesis reaction of potassium oxalate and ammonium cobalt orthophosphate. The material crystallizes in a polar chiral structure (sg. P63, no. 173). Measurements of magnetic properties reveal antiferromagnetic interactions and no ordering observed down to T = 1.9 K, well below the Weiss temperature |Θcw| = 13.9 K.

  • Magnetic Signature Description of Ellipsoid-Shape Vessel Using 3D Multi-Dipole Model Fitted on Cardinal Directions
    • Jarosław Tarnawski
    • Tomasz Rutkowski
    • Mirosław Wołoszyn
    • Adam Cichocki
    • Krystian Buszman
    2022 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    The article presents a continuation of the research on the 3D multi-dipole model applied to the reproduction of magnetic signatures of ferromagnetic objects. The model structure has been modified to improve its flexibility - model parameters determined by optimization can now be located in the cuboid contour representing the object's hull. To stiffen the model, the training dataset was expanded to data collected from all four cardinal directions. The robustness of the modified multi-dipole model was verified with various noise levels applied to the synthetic data. A comprehensive numerical verification of the proposed methodology was performed using only data not involved in determining the modified multi-dipole model parameters: the data from intercardinal directions and from different depth were used for cross-validation. An analysis of the influence of initial conditions on the optimization process was carried out. In addition to the gradient optimization method, an evolutionary strategy was also used. Regularization was carried out to search for effective model parameterization. New verification methods were also applied based on the balance of magnetic moments and on the average width of the fit error interval. The results of the performed experiments have shown high robustness of the modified multi-dipole model, even in the face of high noise in the input data. The most significant advantage of the model is its predictive ability, enabling determination of magnetic signatures in any directions and depths with high accuracy.

  • Magnetically sensitive fiber probe with nitrogen-vacancy center nanodiamonds integrated in a suspended core
    • Adam Filipkowski
    • Mariusz Mrózek
    • Grzegorz Stępniewski
    • Maciej Głowacki
    • Dariusz Pysz
    • Wojciech Gawlik
    • Ryszard Buczyński
    • Mariusz Klimczak
    • Adam M. Wojciechowski
    2022 Pełny tekst OPTICS EXPRESS

    Efficient collection of photoluminescence arising from spin dynamics of nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is important for practical applications involving precise magnetic field or temperature mapping. These goals may be realized by the integration of nanodiamond particles with optical fibers and volumetric doping of the particles alongside the fiber core. That approach combines the advantages of robust axial fixation of NV diamonds with a direct spatial overlap of their fluorescence with the guided mode of the fiber. We developed a suspended core silicate glass fiber with 750 nm-diameter nanodiamonds located centrally in the 1.5 μm-core cross-section along its axis. The developed fiber probe was tested for its magnetic sensing performance in optically detected magnetic resonance measurements using a 24 cm-long fiber sample, with the NV excitation and fluorescence collection from the far ends of the sample and yielding optical readout contrast of 7% resulting in 0.5 μT·Hz−1/2 magnetic field sensitivity, two orders of magnitude better than in earlier designs. Thanks to its improved fluorescence confinement, the developed probe could find application in magnetic sensing over extended fiber length, magnetic field mapping or gradiometry.

  • Mainstream shortcut N removal modeling current status and perspectives
    • Gamze Kirim
    • Kester Mccullough
    • Thiago Bressani-ribeiro
    • Carlos Domingo-félez
    • Haoran Duan
    • Ahmed Al-omari
    • Haydee Clippeleir De
    • Jose Jimenez
    • Stephanie Klaus
    • Mojooulo Ladipo-obasa
    • Mohammad Javad Mehrani
    • Pusker Regmi
    • Elena Torfs
    • Evelina I. P. Volcke
    • Peter Vanrolleghem A.
    2022 Pełny tekst WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    This work gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in modelling of short-cut processes for nitrogen removal in mainstream wastewater treatment and presents future perspectives for directing research efforts in line with the needs of practice. The modelling status for deammonification (i.e., anammox-based) and nitrite-shunt processes is presented with its challenges and limitations. The importance of mathematical models for considering N2O emissions in the design and operation of short-cut nitrogen removal processes is considered as well. Modelling goals and potential benefits are presented and the needs for new and more advanced approaches are identified. Overall, this contribution presents how existing and future mathematical models can accelerate successful full-scale mainstream short-cut nitrogen removal applications.

  • Managing Unemployment under COVID-19 Conditions (States of Emergency or Crisis)
    • Przemysław Banasik
    • Sylwia Morawska
    • Małgorzata Porada - Rochoń
    • Iga Rudawska
    • Małgorzata Godlewska
    • Barbara Kryk
    • Daria Jaskuła
    • Natalia Skalska
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Rising unemployment is one of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries. This, in turn, has forcedpolicymakers to respond immediately with policy tools to minimize unemployment. The purpose of our study is to contribute toempirical knowledge by looking at activities of 40 local government units to counteract unemployment in the cross-border regionon the Polish side. In doing this, our study contributes to the efforts to manage unemployment in times of COVID-19 and othercrisis situations. The results show that most of the rural and rural-urban communes did not undertake diagnostic activities thatwould allow one to identify the economic sectors most affected by changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic, e.g., reduction inthe number of employees, suspension, or liquidation of activities. According to LGUs surveyed, companies operating in rural-urban communes applied much more frequently for support for job protection in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic thancompanies located in rural communes.The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the crucial role of LGUs in overcoming its impacts. The empirical results of this study(in-depth interviews) indicate that policy makers should pay more attention to consolidating or strengthening the role of LGUs innational disaster management and provide them with the competencies and resources necessary to deal with emergencies (inparticular, they concern strengthening cooperation and coordination with other levels of government, effective communicationand sharing of good practices also in cross-border areas). It would strengthen decision support systems (DSS) in the regions.

  • Manifesto [Intellectual Output 5] for High-quality Baukultur in the Digital Age
    • Justyna Borucka
    • Annette Boegle
    • Uģis Bratuškins
    • Günther H. Filz
    • Anna Kaczorowska
    • Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska
    • Małgorzata Kostrzewska
    • Olga Popovic Larsen
    • Roode Liias
    • Bartosz Macikowski
    • Karl-Gunner Olsson
    • Emiliya Popova
    • Raido Puust
    • Sandra Treija
    • Lotte Bjerregaard Jensen
    2022

    The aim of the Manifesto is to extract the most important messages of the work on the BuildDigiCraft project and to translate them into a public declaration of views, intentions and policy recommendations directed at the academic, professional and policy-making community responsible for the shaping of the built environment (on local, regional, national and European/international level). With the BuildDigiCraft Manifesto the project partners have created a shared official statement on the future of Baukultur in the Digital Age.

  • Marcinkiewicz Averages of Smooth Orthogonal Projections on Sphere
    • Marcin Bownik
    • Karol Dziedziul
    • Anna Kamont
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF FOURIER ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS

    We construct a single smooth orthogonal projection with desired localization whose average under a group action yields the decomposition of the identity operator. For any full rank lattice \Gamma ⊂ R^d , a smooth projection is localized in a neighborhood of an arbitrary precompact fundamental domain R^d / \Gamma. We also show the existence of a highly localized smooth orthogonal projection, whose Marcinkiewicz average under the action of S O(d), is a multiple of the identity on L^2(S^{d−1}). As an application we construct highly localized continuous Parseval frames on the sphere.

  • Market Regeneration in Line with Sustainable Urban Development
    • Justyna Borucka
    • Piotr Czyż
    • Giorgio Gasco
    • Weronika Mazurkiewicz
    • Dorota Nałęcz
    • Marcin Szczepański
    2022 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    This article presents the study of the optimal design solutions for regeneration of marketplaces. It examines the design variants for the revitalisation of the marketplace, in particular, investment in their modernisation in order to find the most optimal model for transforming these public spaces to have a significant impact on the city’s development. The research is a comparative analysis of the implementation of regeneration design models on the marketplace within the Oliwa district of Gdansk (Poland).The data for the case study design models includes analysis based on various optimisation criteria, taking into account the urban and economic aspects of the city landscape when selecting a specific space revitalisation design model. The implementation of regeneration investment includes a number of complex processes that must be sustainable and so require rational social and spatial planning, as well as proper organisation in terms of cost and time.