Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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Repozytorium publikacji
Politechniki Gdańskiej

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  • Oznakowanie robót drogowych – studium przypadków
    • Natalia Konkel
    • Joanna Wachnicka
    2022 Drogownictwo

    W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane ze sposobami oznaczania stref robót drogowych oraz stanem technicznym zastosowanych znaków pionowych i urządzeń bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego. Wpływ na bezpieczeństwo, oprócz nieodpowiedniego umiejscowienia oznakowania, ma również jego odblaskowość oraz czytelność. Omawiane niespełnienie wymagań przedmiotowych cech wynika z nienależytego dbania o zapewnienie właściwych parametrów i stanu technicznego używanych znaków pionowych i urządzeń bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego do oznakowania tymczasowych organizacji ruchu oraz w całym okresie ich stosowania. W głównej części artykułu opisano inwentaryzację istniejącego oznakowania na drogach w czasie prowadzenia prac budowlanych oraz przeprowadzono analizę zastosowanej organizacji ruchu, stanu technicznego znaków drogowych i wpływu tych elementów na bezpieczeństwo użytkowników ruchu drogowego.

  • Paired domination versus domination and packing number in graphs
    • Magda Dettlaff
    • Didem Gözüpek
    • Joanna Raczek
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION

    Given a graph G = (V(G), E(G)), the size of a minimum dominating set, minimum paired dominating set, and a minimum total dominating set of a graph G are denoted by γ (G), γpr(G), and γt(G), respectively. For a positive integer k, a k-packing in G is a set S ⊆ V(G) such that for every pair of distinct vertices u and v in S, the distance between u and v is at least k + 1. The k-packing number is the order of a largest kpacking and is denoted by ρk (G). It is well known that γpr(G) ≤ 2γ (G). In this paper, we prove that it is NP-hard to determine whether γpr(G) = 2γ (G) even for bipartite graphs. We provide a simple characterization of trees with γpr(G) = 2γ (G), implying a polynomial-time recognition algorithm. We also prove that even for a bipartite graph, it is NP-hard to determine whether γpr(G) = γt(G). We finally prove that it is both NP-hard to determine whether γpr(G) = 2ρ4(G) and whether γpr(G) = 2ρ3(G).

  • Participatory co-design approach for Greencoin educational tool shaping urban green behaviors.
    • Ewa Duda
    • Helena Anacka
    • Jolanta Kowal
    • Hanna Obracht-Prondzynska
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Our main goal is to prepare assumptions of the Greencoin (GC) cybernetic system, implying pro-ecological attitudes and behavior of city residents. We used qualitative methods, including a literature review and action research -workshops attended by academics, representatives of private and business sectors, urban movements, municipal institutions’ partners, and residents. Our results defined functionalities of the GC, identified main climate challenges, and confronted city’s possibilities and expectations of its residents. Application modules were proposed to help shape pro-ecological attitudes and behaviors of city residents. The modules include educational solutions fitting into the circular economy, and metabolic approach, enabling broader inclusion in the community. Our studies contribute to and fill the gap in the stream of research and knowledge on implementations in the co-creation of application solutions that promote pro-environmental attitudes and behavior.

  • Particle Swarm Optimization Based Optimal Design of Six-Phase Induction Motor for Electric Propulsion of Submarines
    • Lelisa Wogi
    • Amruth Thelkar
    • Tesfabirhan Tahiro
    • Tadele Ayana
    • Shabana Urooj
    • Samia Larguech
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    Abstract: Recent research reveals that multi-phase motors in electric propulsion systems are highly recommended due to their improved reliability and efficiency over traditional three phase motors. This research presented a comparison of optimal model design of a six phase squirrel cage induction motor (IM) for electric propulsion by using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). A six phase squirrel cage induction motor is designed and simulated by ANSYS Motor-CAD. In order to find the best fit method, simulation results are compared and applied to the motors for electric propulsion, considering the influence of design upon the motor performance. The six-phase squirrel cage induction motor is more energy efficient, reliable and cost effective for the electric propulsion compared to the conventional three phase motor. In this study, first the initial parameters of the six phase squirrel cage induction motor have been determined and then these parameters have been compared with optimized values by Genetic Algorithm (GA) and PSO optimization. The motor designed is optimized using efficiency and power losses as the fitness function. The six phase squirrel cage induction motor is designed using ANSYS Motor-CAD and the simulation results were also presented along with two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometry. The result shows that the weight and power loss are reduced to 161 kg and 0.9359 Kw respectively, while the efficiency and power factor are increased to 0.95 and 0.87 respectively when PSO is used. This shows that the result is promising.

  • Pedestrian detection in low-resolution thermal images
    • Aleksandra Górska
    • Patrycja Guzal
    • Iga Namiotko
    • Jacek Rumiński
    • Martyna Włoszczyńska
    • Jacek Rumiński
    2022

    Over one million people die in car accidents worldwide each year. A solution that will be able to reduce situations in which pedestrian safety is at risk has been sought for a long time. One of the techniques for detecting pedestrians on the road is the use of artificial intelligence in connection with thermal imaging. The purpose of this work was to design a system to assist the safety of people and car intelligence with the use of automatic detection of pedestrians in low-resolution thermal image sequences. The data acquisition system was designed and used to collect thermal images for the needs of training of machine learning methods. The created new dataset consists of 9178 annotated, low-resolution images of pedestrians in different traffic conditions. Several deep, object detection models were adapted and trained using the new dataset together with public datasets. The best model turned out to be the adapted Faster R-CNN ResNet50 FPN (Faster Region-based Convolutional, Neural Networks Residual network50, Feature Pyramid Network) model with mean Average Precision (mAP) equal to 94.00%. It was also shown that the use of transfer learning based on the features learned from the RGB images results in mAP greater than 85.00% for all investigated algorithms. The designed system finds practical application in increasing road safety through the potential use of autonomous cars and city monitoring.

  • Pedestrian Safety at Midblock Crossings on Dual Carriageway Roads in Polish Cities
    • Piotr Szagała
    • Andrzej Brzeziński
    • Mariusz Kieć
    • Marcin Budzyński
    • Joanna Wachnicka
    • Sylwia Pazdan
    2022 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    Road crossings across two or more lanes in one direction are particularly dangerous due to limited sight distance and high vehicle speeds. To improve their safety, road authorities should provide safety treatments. These may include additional measures to reduce speed and narrow the road cross-section and the introduction of active pedestrian crossings. Equipped with flashing lights activated automatically when a pedestrian is detected, the crossings are painted red and have an anti-skid surface on approaches. The article presents an analysis of road user behaviour at pedestrian crossings on dual carriageways with a varying provision of road safety measures in some Polish cities. It also evaluates the effectiveness of the measures over time. The study was conducted before, immediately after and one year after the additional signage was introduced. The evaluation is based on how vehicle speeds changed before the pedestrian crossing, how pedestrians behaved versus the vehicle and their readiness to cross the street. The number of conflicts on selected crossings was also evaluated. The safety treatments under analysis were found to be less effective than the traditional pedestrian safety measures such as speed cushions or roads narrowed to one lane. This suggests that if used on dual carriageways the measures should only be temporary and should ultimately be replaced with traffic lights or a grade separated solution (a footbridge or tunnel) on exits from urban areas. No clear-cut conclusions about pedestrian safety can be drawn based on the traffic conflicts in question. The article is divided into the following sections: introduction with a review of the literature on pedestrian and driver behaviour studies at pedestrian crossings, including midblock crossings and dual carriageways; a description of the research method and test sites, the results, discussion of the results and conclusion.

  • Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Methods with Class Imbalance Problem in Android Malware Detection
    • Abimbola G. Akintola
    • Abdullateef O. Balogun
    • Hammed Mojeed
    • Fatima Usman-Hamza
    • Shakirat A. Salihu
    • Kayode S. Adewole
    • Ghaniyyat B. Balogun
    • Peter O. Sadiku
    2022 Pełny tekst International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies

    Due to the exponential rise of mobile technology, a slew of new mobile security concerns has surfaced recently. To address the hazards connected with malware, many approaches have been developed. Signature-based detection is the most widely used approach for detecting Android malware. This approach has the disadvantage of being unable to identify unknown malware. As a result of this issue, machine learning (ML) for detecting malware apps was created. Conventional ML methods are concerned with increasing classification accuracy. However, the standard classification method performs poorly in recognizing malware applications due to the unbalanced real-world datasets. In this study, an empirical analysis of the detection performance of ML methods in the presence of class imbalance is conducted. Specifically, eleven (11) ML methods with diverse computational complexities were investigated. Also, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and random undersampling (RUS) are deployed to address the class imbalance in the Android malware datasets. The experimented ML methods are tested using the Malgenome and Drebin Android malware datasets that contain features gathered from both static and dynamic malware approaches. According to the experimental findings, the performance of each experimented ML method varies across the datasets. Moreover, the presence of class imbalance deteriorated the performance of the ML methods as their performances were amplified with the deployment of data sampling methods (SMOTE and RUS) used to alleviate the class imbalance problem. Besides, ML models with SMOTE technique are superior to ML models based on the RUS method. It is therefore recommended to address the inherent class imbalance problem in Android Malware detection

  • Performance Analysis of the OpenCL Environment on Mobile Platforms
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    • Maciej Plewka
    2022

    Today’s smartphones have more and more features that so far were only assigned to personal computers. Every year these devices are composed of better and more efficient components. Everything indicates that modern smartphones are replacing ordinary computers in various activities. High computing power is required for tasks such as image processing, speech recognition and object detection. This paper analyses the performance of the OpenCL (Open Compute Language) environment on mobile devices, which is a library dedicated to high-speed parallel computing. This paper examines how smartphones can access a library that, as it turned out, is not officially supported on the Android platform, and briefly describes the evaluated library. As a part of the study, this API (Application Programming Interface) was tested in the context of the achieved computing power, memory flow rate, speed of matrix multiplication and the possibility of processing the image from the camera in real-time. The obta ined results were presented in graphical format, described and commented. We also provide an insight on applications that use this API for teaching deep neural networks, image processing, etc.

  • Performance Assessment of Using Docker for Selected MPI Applications in a Parallel Environment Based on Commodity Hardware
    • Tomasz Kononowicz
    • Paweł Czarnul
    2022 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    In the paper, we perform detailed performance analysis of three parallel MPI applications run in a parallel environment based on commodity hardware, using Docker and bare-metal configurations. The testbed applications are representative of the most typical parallel processing paradigms: master–slave, geometric Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) as well as divide-and-conquer and feature characteristic computational and communication schemes. We perform analysis selecting best configurations considering various optimization flags for the applications and best execution times and speed-ups in terms of the number of nodes and overhead of the virtualized environment. We have concluded that for the configurations giving the shortest execution times the overheads of Docker versus bare-metal for the applications are as follows: 7.59% for master–slave run using 64 processes (number of physical cores), 15.30% for geometric SPMD run using 128 processes (number of logical cores) and 13.29% for divide-and-conquer run using 256 processes. Finally, we compare results obtained using gcc V9 and V7 compiler versions.

  • Performance evaluation and model-based optimization of the mainstream deammonification in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor
    • Mohammad Javad Mehrani
    • Mohammad Azari
    • Burkhard Teichgraber
    • Peter Jagemann
    • Jens Schoth
    • Martin Denecke
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    2022 Pełny tekst BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY

    This study aimed to model and optimize mainstream deammonification in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) pilot plant under natural seasonal temperature variations. The effect of gradually decreasing temperature on the performance was evaluated during a winter season and a transition period to summer conditions, and the correlation of the performance parameters was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA). The optimization of intermittent aeration in the long-term (30 days) dynamic conditions with on/ off ratio and dissolved oxygen (DO) set-point control was used to maximize the N-removal rate (NRR) and Nremoval efficiency (NRE). Optimization results (DO set-point of 0.2–0.25 mgO2/L, and on/off ratio of 0.05)

  • Performance Evaluation of a Multidomain IMS/NGN Network Including Service and Transport Stratum
    • Sylwester Kaczmarek
    • Maciej Sac
    2022 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    The Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture was proposed for delivering various multimedia services with guaranteed quality. For this reason, the elements of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) concept (an important part of 4G/5G/6G mobile networks) are used in its service stratum. This paper presents comprehensive research on how the parameters of an IMS/NGN network and traffic sources influence mean Call Set-up Delay (E(CSD)) and mean Call Disengagement Delay (E(CDD)), a subset of standardized call processing performance (CPP) parameters, which are significant for both network users and operators. The investigations were performed using our analytical traffic model of a multidomain IMS/NGN network with Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) technology applied in its transport stratum, which provides transport resources for the services requested by users. The performed experiments allow grouping network and traffic source parameters into three categories based on the strength of their effect on E(CSD) and E(CDD). These categories reflect the significance of particular parameters for the network operator and designer (most important, less important and insignificant).

  • Performance of electrochemical immunoassays for clinical diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 based on selective nucleocapsid N protein detection: Boron-doped diamond, gold and glassy carbon evaluation
    • Wioleta Białobrzeska
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Bartłomiej Dec
    • Silvio Osella
    • Bartosz Trzaskowski
    • Andres Jaramillo-Botero
    • Mattia Pierpaoli
    • Michał Rycewicz
    • Yanina Dashkevich
    • Tomasz Łęga
    • Natalia Malinowska
    • Zofia Cebula
    • Daniel Bigus
    • Daniel Firganek
    • Ewelina Bięga
    • Karolina Dziąbowska
    • Mateusz Brodowski
    • Marcin Kowalski
    • Mirosława Panasiuk
    • Beata Gromadzka
    • Sabina Żołędowska
    • Dawid Nidzworski
    • Krzysztof Pyrć
    • William A. Goddard III
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2022 Pełny tekst BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS

    The 21st century has already brought us a plethora of new threats related to viruses that emerge in humans after zoonotic transmission or drastically change their geographic distribution or prevalence. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first spotted at the end of 2019 to rapidly spread in southwest Asia and later cause a global pandemic, which paralyzes the world since then. We have designed novel immunosensors targeting conserved protein sequences of the N protein of SARS-CoV-2 based on lab-produced and purified anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies that are densely grafted onto various surfaces (diamond/gold/glassy carbon). Titration of antibodies shows very strong reactions up to 1:72 900 dilution. Next, we showed the mechanism of interactions of our immunoassay with nucleocapsid N protein revealing molecular recognition by impedimetric measurements supported by hybrid modeling results with both density functional theory and molecular dynamics methods. Biosensors allowed for a fast (in less than 10 min) detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus with a limit of detection from 0.227 ng/ml through 0.334 ng/ml to 0.362 ng/ml for glassy carbon, boron-doped diamond, and gold surfaces, respectively. For all tested surfaces, we obtained a wide linear range of concentrations from 4.4 ng/ml to 4.4 pg/ml. Furthermore, our sensor leads to a highly specific response to SARS-CoV-2 clinical samples versus other upper respiratory tract viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, or Epstein-Barr virus. All clinical samples were tested simultaneously on biosensors and real-time polymerase chain reactions.

  • Performance of Vector-valued Intensity Measures for Estimating Residual Drift of Steel MRFs with Viscous Dampers
    • Benyamin Mohebi
    • Farzin Kazemi
    • Neda Asgarkhani
    • Pinar Ghasemnezhadsani
    • Anahita Mohebi
    2022 Pełny tekst International Journal of Structural and Civil Engineering Research

    Viscous Dampers (VDs) are widely used as passive energy dissipation system for improving seismic performance levels especially in retrofitting of buildings. Residual Inter-story Drift Ratio (R-IDR) is another important factor that specifies the condition of building after earthquake. The values of R-IDR illustrates the possibility of retrofitting and repairing of a building. Therefore, this study aims to explore the vector-valued Intensity Measures (IMs) for predicting the R-IDR of two group of steel Moment-Resisting Frames (MRFs) with and without implementing VDs. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) was performed with considering RIDR using OpenSees software. Efficiency and sufficiency have been quantified for 18 vector-valued IMs with respect to the Residual Interstory Drift Ratio (R-IDR). Results showed that two vector-valued IMs of (Sa(T1), SaRatioM-D) and (Sa(T1), IM-D) had lower σlnSaRD|IM2 values in the R-IDR of 0.002, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02, and they had higher FR in the mean dispersion, (σlnSaRD|IM2)avg, compared to other IMs. In addition, two vector-valued IMs of (Sa(T1), SaRatioM-D) and (Sa(T1), IM-D) achieved p-values higher than 0.05 with respect to seismic ground motion features of M, R, and Vs30, and can be used as optimal vector-valued IMs.

  • Performance-Driven Inverse/Forward Modeling of Antennas in Variable-Thickness Domains
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2022

    Design of contemporary antenna systems is a challenging endeavor. The difficulties are partially rooted in stringent specifications imposed on both electrical and field characteristics, demands concerning various functionalities, but also constraints imposed upon the physical size of the radiators. Furthermore, conducting the design process at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations, otherwise dictated by reliability, entails considerable computational expenses. This is particularly troublesome for the procedures involving repetitive EM analyses, e.g., parametric optimization. Utilization of fast surrogate models as a way of mitigating this issue has been fostered in the recent literature. Notwithstanding, construction of reliable surrogates is hindered by highly nonlinear antenna responses and even more by the utility requirements: design-ready models are to be valid over wide ranges of operating conditions and geometry parameters. Recently proposed performance-driven modeling, especially the nested kriging framework, addresses these difficulties by confining the surrogate model domain to a region that encapsulates the designs being optimum with respect to the relevant figures of interest. The result is a dramatic reduction of the number of training samples needed to render a usable model.

  • Performance-driven yield optimization of high-frequency structures by kriging surrogates
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Paulina Kozieł
    2022 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    Uncertainty quantification is an important aspect of engineering design, as manufacturing toler-ances may affect the characteristics of the structure. Therefore, quantification of these effects is in-dispensable for adequate assessment of the design quality. Toward this end, statistical analysis is performed, for reliability reasons, using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Still, the computational expenditures associated with EM-driven statistical analysis often turn out to be unendurable. Recently, a performance-driven modeling technique has been proposed that may be employed for uncertainty quantification purposes, and enable circumventing the aforementioned difficulties. Capitalizing on this idea, this paper discusses a procedure for fast and simple surro-gate-based yield optimization of high-frequency structures. The main concept of the approach is a tailored definition of the surrogate domain, which is based on a couple of pre-optimized designs that reflect the directions featuring maximum variability of the circuit responses with respect to its dimensions. A compact size of such a domain allows for constructing an accurate metamodel therein using moderate numbers of training samples, and subsequently employ it to enhance the yield. The implementation details are dedicated to a particular type of device. Results obtained for a ring-slot antenna and a miniaturized rat-race coupler imply that the cost of yield optimization process can be reduced to few dozens of EM analyses.

  • Permeability of Waterfronts—Contemporary Approach in Designing Urban Blue Spaces
    • Anastasiia Dubinina
    • Aleksandra Wawrzyńska
    • Karolina Krośnicka
    2022 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    The constant struggle with rising sea levels and flood hazards has resulted in the change of the paradigm in shaping urban waterfronts towards increasing their permeability and creation of urban blue spaces. The aim of the paper was to indicate a new approach in designing public spaces at the sea–land interface by presenting a comparative study of the design solutions used in case of the four selected case studies: the Sea Organs in Zadar (Croatia), Norwegian National Opera and Ballet in Oslo (Norway), the Coastal Public Sauna in Helsinki (Finland) and Tel Aviv’s Central Promenade (Israel). The studied examples take into account the permeability of waterfronts (understood as a feature of the edge between water–land consisting of being soft and permeable). The authors decided to use the case study method as the main approach, analyzing such elements as: the site’s location and urban context, features of urban and architectural design (with usage of graphic methods and a qualitative description), and the land–water edge type (defined according the existing typologies). The study proved, that in recent years the designers have started to replace the vertical quay walls, which create a “rigid” water–land border, with multi-level solutions having a high degree of permeability for water.

  • Personal Branding in the Knowledge Economy: The Inter-relationship between Corporate and Employee Brands
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    2022 Pełny tekst

    https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781003178248/personal-branding-knowledge-economy-wioleta-kucharska

  • Perspektywa jakości w szkolnictwie wyższym. O modelu QualHE
    • Piotr Grudowski
    2022

    Oddawana do rąk Czytelników monografia wnosi wkład w wypełnianie wspomnianej luki, przede wszystkim poprzez: • przedstawienie szerokiego kontekstu ogólnoświatowego dyskursu dotyczącego kategorii jakości w szkolnictwie wyższym w ujęciu teoriopoznawczym i w wynikach badań empirycznych; • określenie potencjału i uwarunkowań aplikacyjnych dotyczących takich koncepcji jak TQM Lean Management, Six Sigma czy Lean Six Sigma; • przedstawienie aktualnych trendów w zarządzaniu usługami publicznymi jako zbioru impulsów do zmian oraz tła dla projakościowej transformacji uczelni; • wskazanie możliwości wykorzystania opracowanych przez ISO najnowszych normatywnych systemów zarządzania; • zaakcentowanie roli kultury jakości jako elementu determinującego powodzenie wszelkich inicjatyw związanych z doskonaleniem procesów uczelni; • przedstawienie wyników kompleksowych badań interesariuszy polskiego systemu szkolnictwa wyższego na temat całokształtu projakościowych regulacji i zmian w uczelniach; • odniesienie perspektyw i wyzwań dotyczących zmian w szkolnictwie wyższym do koncepcji Przemysłu 4.0 i Jakości 4.0. Zaproponowany w książce oryginalny model systemu zarządzania jakością na uczelni – QualHE – odnosi się do wymienionych elementów, pokazując ich wzajemne relacje i dynamiczny charakter. Książka jest adresowana do badaczy zainteresowanych funkcjonowaniem systemów szkolnictwa wyższego, uczelni i poszczególnych jednostek organizacyjnych oraz kierunkami ich modernizacji. Powinna też spotkać się z zainteresowaniem praktyków – przedstawicieli kadry kierowniczej oraz pracowników działów jakości, coraz powszechniej tworzonych w strukturach uczelni. Może także stanowić kompendium wiedzy i inspirację do identyfikacji działań związanych z doskonaleniem organizacji dla osób reprezentujących różne grupy interesariuszy szkół wyższych, np. studentów, absolwentów, pracowników uczelni czy pracodawców.

  • Pharmaceuticals and other contaminants of emerging concern in Admiralty Bay as a result of untreated wastewater discharge: Status and possible environmental consequences
    • Małgorzata Szopińska
    • Joanna Potapowicz
    • Katarzyna Jankowska
    • Aneta Łuczkiewicz
    • Ola Svahn
    • Erland Björklund
    • Christina Nannou
    • Dimitra Lambropoulou
    • Żaneta Polkowska
    2022 Pełny tekst SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    Considering how the impact of human activity in Antarctica is growing, the aim of this study was to conduct the first assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), other emerging contaminants (ECs), and antibiotic resistance genes present in the western shore of the Admiralty Bay region of King George Island. In total, more than 170 substances were evaluated to assess the potential environmental risks they pose to the study area. The major evaluated source of pollutants in this study is discharged untreated wastewater. The highest PPCP concentrations in wastewater were found for naproxen (2653 ngL˗1), diclofenac (747 ngL˗1), ketoconazole (760 ngL˗1), ibuprofen (477 ngL˗1) and acetaminophen (332 ngL˗1). Moreover, the concentrations of benzotriazole (6340 ngL˗1) and caffeine (3310 ngL˗1) were also high. The Risk Quotient values indicate that azole antifungals (ketoconazole), anti-inflammatories (diclofenac, ibuprofen) and stimulants (caffeine) are the main groups responsible for the highest toxic burden. In addition, antibiotic resistance genes integrons (int 1) and sulphonamide resistance genes (sul 1–2) were detected in wastewater and seawater. These results indicate that regular monitoring of PPCPs and other ECs is of great importance in this environment. Additionally, the following mitigation strategies are suggested: (1) to create a centralised record of the medications prescribed and consumed in situ (to improve knowledge of potential contaminants without analysis); (2) to use more environmentally friendly substitutes both for pharmaceuticals and personal care products when possible (limiting consumption at the source); and (3) to apply advanced systems for wastewater treatment before discharge to the recipient (end-of-pipe technologies as a final barrier).

  • Phosphinoborinium cation: a synthon for cationic B-P bond systems
    • Kinga Kaniewska-Laskowska
    • Katarzyna Klimsiak
    • Natalia Szynkiewicz
    • Jarosław Chojnacki
    • Rafał Grubba
    2022 Pełny tekst CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

    Herein, we report access to phosphinoborinium cations via heterolytic cleavage of the boron-bromide bond in bromophosphinoborane. The product of the reaction was isolated as a dimeric dication possessing a planar P2B2 core. Activation of C-H and C-P bonds in the dication led to formation of the borinium-phosphaborene adduct. Reactivity studies revealed that title cation exhibits ambiphilic properties and intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair features.

  • Phosphinophosphoranes: Mixed-Valent Phosphorus Compounds with Ambiphilic Properties
    • Natalia Szynkiewicz
    • Jarosław Chojnacki
    • Rafał Grubba
    2022 Pełny tekst INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

    Herein, we present a simple synthesis of mixed-valent phosphinophosphoranes bearing three- and five-coordinate phosphorus centers. Compounds with phosphorus–phosphorus bonds were synthesized via a reaction of lithium phosphides RR′PLi with cat2PCl (cat = catecholate), whereas derivatives with methylene-linked phosphorus centers were obtained via a reaction of phosphanylmethanides RR′CH2Li with cat2PCl. The presence of accessible lone-pair electrons on the P-phosphanyl atom of phosphinophosphoranes during the reaction of the title compounds with H3B·SMe2, where phosphinophosphorane-borane adducts were formed quantitatively, was confirmed. Furthermore, the Lewis basic and Lewis acidic properties of the phosphinophosphoranes in reactions with phenyl isothiocyanate were tested. Depending on the structure of the starting phosphinophosphorane, phosphinophosphorylation of PhNCS or formation of a five-membered zwitterionic adduct was observed. The structures of the isolated compounds were unambiguously determined by heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Moreover, by applying density functional theory calculations, we compared the Lewis basicity and nucleophilicity of diversified trivalent P-centers.

  • Photolysis for the Removal and Transformation of Pesticide Residues During Food Processing: A State-of-the-Art Minireview
    • Qian Xiao
    • Xiaoxu Xuan
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Joon Yong Yoon
    • Xun Sun
    2022 Pełny tekst Frontiers in Nutrition

    Pesticide residues are of great significant issue that exerted adverse effects on humans. There is a need for effective and non-toxic decontamination of pesticide residues during food processing. In this minireview, the recent advances in the degradation of pesticide residues by photolysis have been firstly described during food processing. The mechanisms of pesticide residues destruction by photolysis were discussed accordingly. Finally, applications of photolysis in the degradation of pesticide residues from beverages, fresh produce, and food rinse waste were also summarized.

  • Physical and sealing properties of BaO–Al2O3–SiO2–CaO–V2O5 glasses for solid oxide fuel cell applications
    • Sea-Fue Wang
    • Yung-Fu Hsu
    • Yi-Le Liao
    • Yuan-Jie Yang
    • Piotr Jasiński
    2022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY

    In this study, the properties of BaO–Al2O3–SiO2 (SAB) glasses incorporated with CaO and V2O5 as the network modifier and additive, respectively, are evaluated. The electrical resistivities of the glasses decrease upon the addition of CaO but increase upon increasing their V2O5 content because the V5+ species lower the ionic mobility of the glasses. The addition of V2O5 improves the wettability of the glasses on the Crofer 22 APU substrate, and thus, increases the fracture strength at the glass–Crofer 22 APU couple. Among the glasses evaluated, the SAB glass with a CaO content of 20 wt% and V2O5 content of 2 wt% (SAB-Ca20V2) present excellent sealing properties because it adheres well to both the Zr0·92Y0·08O2-δ (YSZ) and Crofer 22 APU substrates; no pores, cracks, or interfacial phases are present at the interfaces, confirming the good chemical and thermal compatibility of the glass–substrate pairs at high temperatures. After SAB-Ca20V2 is sealed on the Crofer 22 APU substrate at 850 °C, the leakage rate of the glass is low (<0.015 sccm⋅cm−1 at 800 °C for 200 h), indicating negligible deterioration of its sealing efficiency and revealing its remarkable potential for use in solid oxide fuel cell applications.

  • Physical models in the education of architectural history
    • Szymon Kowalski
    • Piotr Samól
    • Jakub Szczepański
    2022 Pełny tekst World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    In this article, the authors present the long tradition and common use of physical models in the process of teaching the history of architecture in higher education institutions. The research described in the article is focused on the use of physical models and mock-ups as stimulants during architectural history classes to support lectures and increase the learning capabilities of students. The authors also cover the general use of such models across the history of mankind as the main carrier of the designer’s ideas. The presence of these models in public spaces and their artistic values are also touched upon, as well as the models’ positive impact on the general sightseeing public. The findings confirmed that both physical and digital models help architecture students to visualise abstractions and space, thus increasing their learning capabilities. The broader public also benefits through the popularisation of models in public spaces.

  • Physicochemical properties of Mn1.45Co1.45Cu0.1O4 spinel coating deposited on the Crofer 22 H ferritic steel and exposed to high-temperature oxidation under thermal cycling conditions
    • Łukasz Mazur
    • Sebastian Molin
    • Jarosław Dąbek
    • Karol Durczak
    • Michał Pyzalski
    • Tomasz Brylewski
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY

    The Crofer 22 H ferritic steel substrate was coated with an Mn1.45Co1.45Cu0.1O4 spinel by means of electrophoresis. After high-temperature oxidation under thermal cycling conditions, the physicochemical properties of the obtained system were evaluated. During 48-h cycles that involved heating the samples up to temperatures of either 750 or 800 °C, the oxidation kinetics of both coated and unmodified steel approximately obeyed the parabolic rate law. The unmodified steel was oxidized at a higher rate than the system consisting of the substrate and the coating. In its bulk form, the spinel consisted entirely of the cubic phase and it exhibited high electrical conductivity. The Mn1.45Co1.45Cu0.1O4 coating, on the other hand, was compact and consisted of two phases—the cubic and the tetragonal one—and it was characterized by good adhesion to the metallic substrate. After cyclic oxidation studies conducted for the two investigated temperatures (750 or 800 °C), the coat- ing was determined to provide a considerable improvement in the electrical properties of the Crofer 22 H ferritic steel, as demonstrated by the area-specific resistance values measured for the steel/coating system. The evaporation rate of chromium measured for these samples likewise indicates that the coating is capable of acting as an effective barrier against the formation of volatile compounds of chromium. The Mn1.45Co1.45Cu0.1O4 spinel can therefore be considered a suitable material for a coating on the Crofer 22 H ferritic steel, with intermediate-temperature solid oxide electrolyzer cells as the target application.

  • Physics augmented classification of fNIRS signals
    • Felipe Orihuela-Espina
    • Michelle Rojas-Cisneros
    • Samuel A. Montero-Hernández
    • Jesus Garcia Salinas
    • Bibiana Cuervo-Soto
    • Javier Herrera-Vega
    2022

    Background. Predictive classification favours performance over semantics. In traditional predictive classification pipelines, feature engineering is often oblivious to the underlying phenomena. Hypothesis. In applied domains such as functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), the exploitation of physical knowledge may improve the discriminative quality of our observation set. Aims. Give exemplary evidence that intervening the physical observation process can augment classification. Methods. We manipulate the observation process in four ways independently. First, sampling and quantization are designed to enhance class related contrast. Second, we show how selection of optical filters affects the cross-talk in turn affecting classification. Third, we regularize the inverse problem to maximize sensitivity to any gradient that would later support the classification. And fourth, we introduce a catalyst covariate during experiment design to exarcebate response differences. Results. For each of the proposed manipulations, we show that the performance of the classification exercise is altered in some way or another. Conclusions. Exploitation of physics knowledge even before acquisition can support classification alleviating otherwise blind feature engineering. This can also enhance interpretability of the classification model.

  • Phytoextraction and recovery of rare earth elements using willow (Salix spp.)
    • Muhammad Mohsin
    • Mir Md Abdus Salam
    • Nicole Nawrot
    • Daniel J Lane
    • Ewa Wojciechowska
    • Niko Kinnunen
    • Mikko Heimonen
    • Arja Tervahauta
    • Sirpa Peräniemi
    • Olli Sippula
    • Ari Pappinen
    • Suvi Kuittinen
    2022 Pełny tekst SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT

    Soil and water contaminations are caused by rare earth elements (REEs) due to mining and industrial activities, that threaten the ecosystem and human health. Therefore, phytoremediation methods need to be developed to overcome this problem. To date, little research has been conducted concerning the phytoremediation potential of Salix for REEs. In this study, two Salix species (Salix myrsinifolia and Salix schwerinii) and two Salix cultivars (Klara and Karin) were hydroponically exposed to different concentrations of six–REE for 4 weeks. The treatments were: T1 (Control: tap water), T2 (La: 50 mg/L) and T3 (La 11.50 + Y 11 + Nd 10.50 + Dy 10 + Ce 12 and Tb 11.50 in mg L−1). The effects of the REE on Salix growth indicators (height, biomass, shoot diameter and root length), concentrations of REE in the produced biomass, and accumulation of REE in different parts of the Salix (stem, root, and leaf) tissues, were determined. In addition, the retention of REE in ashes following Salix combustion (800 and 1000 °C) was determined. The result indicates that with La and REE exposure, the height growth, dry biomass, shoot diameter and root length of all Salix remained equivalent to the control treatment excluding Klara, which displayed relatively higher growth in all parameters. Further, among the REE studied, the highest La concentration (8404 μg g−1 DW) and La accumulation (10,548 μg plant−1) were observed in Karin and Klara root respectively. Translocations and bioconcentration factors were discovered at <1 for all Salix, which indicates their phytostabilization potential. The total REE concentrations in bottom ashes varied between 7 and 8% with retention rates between 85 and 89%. This study demonstrates that Salix are suitable candidates for REE phytostabilization and the remediation of wastewater sites to limit metals percolating to the water layers in the ecosystem.

  • Pilot-Scale Studies of WO3/S-Doped g-C3N4 Heterojunction toward Photocatalytic NOx Removal
    • Marta Kowalkińska
    • Agnieszka Fiszka Borzyszkowska
    • Anna Grzegórska
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Paweł Głuchowski
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Mirosław Sawczak
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    2022 Pełny tekst Materials

    Due to the rising concentration of toxic nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the air, effective methods of NOx removal have been extensively studied recently. In the present study, the first developed WO3/S-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized using a facile method to remove NOx in air efficiently. The photocatalytic tests performed in a newly designed continuous-flow photoreactor with an LED array and online monitored NO2 and NO system allowed the investigation of photocatalyst layers at the pilot scale. The WO3/S-doped-g-C3N4 nanocomposite, as well as single components, were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy method (XPS), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DR/UV–vis), and photoluminescence spectroscopy with charge carriers’ lifetime measurements. All materials exhibited high efficiency in photocatalytic NO2 conversion, and 100% was reached in less than 5 min of illumination under simulated solar light. The effect of process parameters in the experimental setup together with WO3/S-doped g-C3N4 photocatalysts was studied in detail. Finally, the stability of the composite was tested in five subsequent cycles of photocatalytic degradation. The WO3/S-doped g-C3N4 was stable in time and did not undergo deactivation due to the blocking of active sites on the photocatalyst’s surface.

  • plakat wystawy pt. "Zaspa Nova: osiedle i otoczenie | perspektywa 2030 | studium potencjału miejsca"
    • Agnieszka Kurkowska
    2022

    Plakat jest autorskim projektem plastycznym opartym o fotografię bloku mieszkalnego z Zaspy

  • Planning a Cost-Effective Delay-Constrained Passive Optical Network for 5G Fronthaul
    • Abdulhalim Fayad
    • Manish Jha
    • Tibor Cinkler
    • Jacek Rak
    2022

    With the rapid growth in the telecommunications industry moving towards 5G and beyond (5GB) and the emergence of data-hungry and time-sensitive applications, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are faced with a considerable challenge to keep up with these new demands. Cloud radio access network (CRAN) has emerged as a cost-effective architecture that improves 5GB performance. The fronthaul segment of the CRAN necessitates a high-capacity and low-latency connection. Optical technologies presented by Passive Optical Networks (PON) have gained attention as a promising technology to meet the fronthaul challenges. In this paper, we proposed an Integer Linear Program (ILP) that optimizes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for 5G using CRAN architecture under different delay thresholds. We considered the Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (TWDM-PON) as a fronthaul with different splitting ratios.

  • Planowane krajowe laboratorium badawcze sieci i usług 5G wraz z otoczeniem
    • Burakowski Wojciech
    • Andrzej Bęben
    • Maciej Sosnowski
    • Dariusz Więcek
    • Igor Michalski
    • Józef Woźniak
    • Krzysztof Gierłowski
    • Michał Hoeft
    • Schauer Patryk
    • Arkadiusz Warzyński
    • Marek Natkaniec
    • Piotr Boryło
    • Artur Binczewski
    • Bartosz Belter
    • Maksymilian Furmann
    2022 Pełny tekst Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    Przedstawiono koncepcję infrastruktury PL-5G pt. Krajowe laboratorium sieci i usług 5G wraz z otoczeniem. Laboratorium to będzie ważną infrastrukturą badawczą w kraju, która powinna w istotny sposób przyczynić do ukierunkowania praktycznych badań dotyczących nowych generacji dla infrastruktur sieciowo-obliczeniowych Internetu. Laboratorium to będzie zlokalizowane w czterech miastach, tj. Gdańsku, Krakowie, Poznaniu i Wrocławiu i będzie miało wspólny system sterowania eksperymentami. Korzystanie z laboratorium będzie zdalne, co umożliwi zespołom krajowym z innych lokalizacji efektywne korzystanie z jego zasobów. Przewiduje się, że będzie również wykorzystywane w procesie dydaktycznym realizowanym przez uczelnie techniczne. Termin zakończenia budowy przewiduje się na koniec 2023r.

  • Płeć jako determinanta w podejmowaniu decyzji menedżerskich w sytuacjach kryzysowych
    • Igor Gielniak
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Problem badawczy niniejszej rozprawy określona pytanie: „czy i w jaki sposób płeć wpływa na skuteczność podejmowania decyzji w sytuacjach kryzysowych?”. Analiza literatury z dziedziny zarządzania wykazała małą liczbę badań, dlatego rozszerzoną ją na psychologię, psychologię ewolucyjną, psychologię edukacji, neuropsychologię i socjologię. Przedmiotem pracy są decyzje menedżerskie podejmowane zarówno bezpośrednio przed zaistnieniem, jak i w czasie trwania kryzysu. Jako podmiot badań zostały wybrane małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa z terenu Polsce. Zostały postawione dwie hipotezy: • kobiety na stanowiskach menedżerskich, wcześniej niż mężczyźni w takich samych okolicznościach, dostrzegają zbliżający się kryzys i bez zwłoki podejmują działania, • mężczyźni na stanowiskach kierowniczych nie dostrzegają kryzysu w momencie jego zbliżania się, czy już pojawienia się, do czasu, gdy dalsze prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej staje się prawie niemożliwe. Celem utylitarnym pracy jest opracowanie zaleceń metodycznych uwzględniających inne sposoby podejmowania decyzji przez menedżerów obu płci. Do zbadania przedmiotu pracy zostały wybrane badania ilościowe i jakościowe. Te ostatnie podzielono na obserwację uczestniczącą i wywiad pogłębiony. Wyniki badań pozytywnie zweryfikowały obie hipotezy. Badania wykazały również, że menedżerowie mężczyźni przejawiają znacznie większe zdolności do podejmowania decyzji w skrajnie trudnych sytuacjach niż menedżerowie kobiety.

  • Podsumowanie
    • Karolina Krośnicka
    • Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
    2022

    Zawiera syntezę i ocenę projektów architektoniczno-urbanistycznych Centrum Kompetencji Energetyki Odnawialnej w Rumi i jego otoczenia.

  • Polish tax reform "Polski Ład" – consequences of introducing changes on the example of selected flat-rate tax forms for micro and small companies
    • Piotr Kasprzak
    • Danuta Boike
    • Ewa Łączek-Tarazewicz
    • Jarosław Wróblewski
    2022

    This article describes aspects related to the introduction of the latest tax reform in Poland. The changes initiated in January 2022, under the name Polski Ład, concern a wide range of tax changes in Poland. Reform, in a broad sense, is a multidimensional government development program, which is primarily aimed at getting out of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and a smooth transition to financing strategic goals in investment areas. The main aim of the article is to present the most important aspects regarding issues related to the consequences of introducing changes in selected flat-rate tax forms for micro and small companies. The detailed objectives of the article are to present issues that affect the tax records using the tax card, and to show what restrictions are introduced by the Polish order in the tax card records system.

  • POLITECHNIKA GDAŃSKA W LITERATURZE
    • Agnieszka Leszczewicz
    2022 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    W artykule przedstawiono w jaki sposób Politechnika Gdańska funkcjonuje w literaturze pięknej. Politechnika ukazywana jest jako miejsce nauki, ale także miejsce wydarzeń historycznych i kulturalnych, jej istnienie jest zakorzenione w świadomości gdańszczan, a przede jest to miejsce w którym spędziło się najlepiej wspominany okres w życiu – okres studiów i pracy zawodowej. Wymienione zostały publikacje informacyjne, ale przede wszystkim skupiono się na literaturze historycznej, naukowej, wspomnieniach i oczywiście na literaturze obyczajowej. W referacie poświęcono szczególną uwagę Wydziałowi Elektrotechniki i Automatyki.

  • Polscy inżynierowie elektrycy w 1936 r.
    • Dariusz Świsulski
    2022 Wiadomości Elektrotechniczne

    Na podstawie notek biograficznych ponad 1000 osób przedstawiono stan kadry inżynierskiej w zakresie elektrotechniki w 1936 r. Podano uczelnie, w których wykształcenie zdobywali polscy inżynierowie elektrycy. Omówiono liczbę osób z dyplomem inżyniera elektryka zamieszkujących poszczególne rejony przedwojennej Polski. Podano miejsca pracy w różnych dziedzinach działalności inżynierskiej. Omówiono zaangażowanie w działalność Związku Polskich Inżynierów Elektryków oraz liczbę kobiet inżynierów elektryków.

  • Polska gospodarka na tle trendów w globalnych łańcuchach wartości
    • Aleksandra Kordalska
    • Magdalena Olczyk
    2022

    Celem artykułu jest ocena stopnia i charakteru zaangażowania Polski w globalne łańcuchy wartości na tle ogólnoświatowych trendów. Analiza przeprowadzona jest na poziomie całej gospodarki oraz na poziomie jej sekcji i działów. Badanie z użyciem tablic przepływów międzygałęziowych dla lat 2000-2014 wykorzystuje dekompozycję produkcji finalnej i wartości dodanej zaproponowaną przez Wanga i in (2017). Wyniki analizy pokazują, iż zaangażowanie Polski w globalne łańcuchy wartości jest znacząco niższe w porównaniu do krajów Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Większą dynamiką wzrostu charakteryzują się powiązania polegające na sprzedaży polskich produktów pośrednich za granicę, niż te dotyczące ich zakupu z zagranicy. Polska dostarcza produkty pośrednie raczej lokalnie niż globalnie. Ponadto wykazano, iż w badanych latach znacząco zwiększa się udział Polski w złożonym handlu wartością dodaną. Analiza na poziomie działów gospodarki wskazuje, że polski przemysł przetwórczy jest sekcją najsilniej angażującą się w globalne łańcuchy wartości, niezależnie od typu powiązania, a udział polskich usług w globalnych sieciach jest nadal niezadawalający.

  • Polydopamine Biomaterials for Skin Regeneration
    • Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
    • Mehrak Zare
    • Ali Khodadadi
    • Farzad Seidi
    • S. Mohammad Sajadi
    • Payam Zarrintaj
    • Ahmad Arefi
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Masoud Mozafari
    2022 ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering

    Designing biomaterials capable of biomimicking wound healing and skin regeneration has been receiving increasing attention recently. Some biopolymers behave similarly to the extracellular matrix (ECM), supporting biointerfacial adhesion and intrinsic cellular interactions. Polydopamine (PDA) is a natural bioadhesive and bioactive polymer that endows high chemical versatility, making it an exciting candidate for a wide range of biomedical applications. Moreover, biomaterials based on PDA and its derivatives have near-infrared (NIR) absorption, excellent biocompatibility, intrinsic antioxidative activity, antibacterial activity, and cell affinity. PDA can regulate cell behavior by controlling signal transduction pathways. It governs the focal adhesion behavior of cells at the biomaterials interface. These features make melanin-like PDA a fascinating biomaterial for wound healing and skin regeneration. This paper overviews PDA-based biomaterials’ synthesis, properties, and interactions with biological entities. Furthermore, the utilization of PDA nano- and microstructures as a constituent of wound-dressing formulations is highlighted.

  • Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) as a biodegradable binder in a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries
    • Andrzej Nowak
    • Konrad Trzciński
    • Zuzanna Zarach
    • Jinjin Li
    • Daria Roda
    • Mariusz Szkoda
    2022 Pełny tekst APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE

    In this work, graphite-based negative electrode for lithium-ion battery consisting a novel and biodegradable binder poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is compared with standard graphite electrode with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder. The rate and cycling performance of lithium ion insertion/extraction of electrodes with PHBV in a half-cell configuration are evaluated. Moreover, on the basis of the electrochemical tests it is concluded that the electrode with PHBV binder is characterized by similar specific capacity and diffusion coefficient of lithium ions as conventional graphite electrode with PVDF binder.

  • Poly-L-Lysine-functionalized fluorescent diamond particles: pH triggered fluorescence enhancement via surface charge modulation
    • Monika Janik
    • Maciej Głowacki
    • Mirosław Sawczak
    • Anna Wcisło
    • Paweł Niedziałkowski
    • Kacper Jurak
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2022 Pełny tekst MRS BULLETIN

    Recently, the interest in applying fluorescent diamond particles (FDPs) containing nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers for enhancing the mechanical and chemical properties of some materials, biological imaging, and sensing has been expanding rapidly. The unique properties of NV centers such as intensive, time-stable fluorescence, and an electron spin, which exhibits long coherence time and may be manipulated using external stimuli, such as pH, make them a perfect candidate for a quantum-effect-based sensing platform. However, monitoring of the local changes with the use of the nonmodified diamond particles has certain limitations; therefore, to enhance their sensing properties, in this article, the covalent functionalization of the FDPs’ surfaces with poly-L-Lysine (pLys) (NV-pLys) is presented. The FDPs’ surface is functionalized in an anhydrous environment, and successful attachment is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). As the pLys undergoes pH-triggered changes of conformation, it also induces changes in the diamonds’ surface charge, therefore modulating the fluorescence, and finally as a result enhances NV-pLys pH-sensitivity. Further investigation of the zeta potential, particle size, and contact angle reveals remarkable colloidal stability and superior wettability of the NV-pLys over a wide range of pH, which also may significantly affect NV-pLys biocompatibility. These findings open new possibilities for the construction of biocompatible, stable, and highly sensitive nanosensors.

  • Polylysine for Skin Regeneration: A Review of Recent Advances and Perspectives
    • Payam Zarrintaj
    • Sadegh Ghorbani
    • Mahmood Barani
    • Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan
    • Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Joshua D. Ramsey
    • Michael R. Hamblin
    • Masoud Mozafari
    • Ebrahim Mostafavi
    2022 Pełny tekst Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

    There have been several attempts to find promising biomaterials for skin regeneration, among which polylysine (a homopolypeptide) has shown benefits in the regeneration and treatment of skin disorders. This class of biomaterials has shown exceptional abilities due to their macromolecular structure. Polylysine-based biomaterials can not only be used as tissue engineering scaffolds for skin regeneration, but also as drug carriers or even gene delivery vectors for the treatment of skin diseases. In addition, polylysine can play a preservative role in extending the lifetime of skin tissue by minimizing the appearance of photodamaged skin. Research on Polylysine is growing today, opening new scenarios that expand the potential of these biomaterials from traditional treatments to a new era of tissue regeneration. This review aims to address the basic concepts, recent trends, and prospects of polylysine-based biomaterials for skin regeneration. Undoubtedly, this class of biomaterials needs further evaluations and explorations, and many critical questions have yet to be answered.

  • Polynomial Algorithm for Minimal (1,2)-Dominating Set in Networks
    • Joanna Raczek
    2022 Pełny tekst Electronics

    Dominating sets find application in a variety of networks. A subset of nodes D is a (1,2)-dominating set in a graph G=(V,E) if every node not in D is adjacent to a node in D and is also at most a distance of 2 to another node from D. In networks, (1,2)-dominating sets have a higher fault tolerance and provide a higher reliability of services in case of failure. However, finding such the smallest set is NP-hard. In this paper, we propose a polynomial time algorithm finding a minimal (1,2)-dominating set, Minimal_12_Set. We test the proposed algorithm in network models such as trees, geometric random graphs, random graphs and cubic graphs, and we show that the sets of nodes returned by the Minimal_12_Set are in general smaller than sets consisting of nodes chosen randomly.

  • Polynomial Chaos Expansion in Bio-and Structural Mechanics
    • Katarzyna Szepietowska
    2022

    This monograph presents a probabilistic approach to modelling the mechanics of materials and structures where the modelled performance is influenced by uncertainty in the input parameters. The work is interdisciplinary and the methods described are applied to medical and civil engineering problems. The motivation for this work was the necessity of mechanics-based approaches in the modelling and simulation of implants used in the repair of ventral hernias. Many uncertainties appear in the modelling of the implant-abdominal wall system. The probabilistic approach proposed in this monograph enables these uncertainties to be propagated to the output of the model and the investigation of their respective influences. The regression-based polynomial chaos expansion method is used here. However, the accuracy of such non-intrusive methods depends on the number and location of sampling points. Finding a universal method to achieve a good balance between accuracy and computational cost is still an open question so different approaches are investigated in this monograph in order to choose an efficient method. Global sensitivity analysis is used to investigate the respective influences of input uncertainties on the variation of the outputs of different models. The uncertainties are propagated to the implant-abdominal wall models in order to draw some conclusions important for further research. Using the expertise acquired from biomechanical models, modelling of historic timber joints and simulations of their mechanical behaviour is undertaken. Such an investigation is important owing to the need for efficient planning of repairs and renovation of buildings of historical value.

  • Polysaccharide-based electroconductive hydrogels: Structure, properties and biomedical applications
    • Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
    • Payam Zarrintaj
    • Farzad Seidi
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Masoud Mozafari
    2022 CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS

    Architecting an appropriate platform for biomedical applications requires setting a balance between simplicity and complexity. Polysaccharides (PSAs) play essential roles in our life in food resources, structural materials, and energy storage capacitors. Moreover, the diversity and abundance of PSAs have made them an indispensable part of food ingredients and cosmetics. PSA-based hydrogels have been extensively reviewed in biomedical applications. These hydrogels can be designed in different forms to show optimum performance. For instance, electroactive PSA-based hydrogels respond under an electric stimulus. Such performance can be served in stimulus drug release and determining cell fate. This review classifies and discusses the structure, properties, and applications of the most important polysaccharide-based electroactive hydrogels (agarose, alginate, chitosan, cellulose, and dextran) in medicine, focusing on their usage in tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and drug delivery applications.

  • Polysaccharide-based Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications: A Critical Review
    • Hanieh Shokrani
    • Amirhossein Shokrani
    • S. Mohammad Sajadi
    • Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
    • Farzad Seidi
    • Maryam Jouyandeh
    • Payam Zarrintaj
    • Saptarshi Kar
    • Seokjhin Kim
    • Tairong Kuang
    • Navid Rabiee
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Seeram Ramakrishna
    2022 Pełny tekst Nanoscale Horizons

    Polysaccharides (PSA) are taking specific position among biomaterials for advanced applications in medicine. Nevertheless, poor mechanical properties is known as the main drawback of PSA, which highlights need for PSA modification. Nanocomposites PSA (NPSA) are a class of biomaterials widely used as biomedical platforms, but despite their importance and worldwide use have not been reviewed. Herein we critically reviewed application of NPSA by categorizing them into generic and advanced application realms. First, application of NPSA as drug and gene delivery systems, along with their role in the field as antibacterial platform and hemostasis agent is discussed. Then, applications of NPSA for skin, bone, nerve, and cartilage tissue engineering are highlighted, followed by cell encapsulation and more critically cancer diagnosis and treatment potentials. In particular, three features of investigations devoted to cancer, i.e. radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy, are comprehensively reviewed and discussed. Since this field experience an early-stage maturity, some other aspects such as bioimaging and biosensing are reviewed in order to give a sensation of potential applications of NPSA for future developments—providing a support for clinical applications. It is well-documented that using nanoparticles/nanomaterials above a critical concentration brings about concerns to toxicity, so that their effect on cellular interactions would become a criticism. We compared nanoparticles used in fabrication of NPSA in terms of toxicity mechanism to shed more lights on future challenging aspects of NPSA development. Indeed, neutralization mechanisms underlying cytotoxicity of nanomaterials, which are expected to be induced by polysaccharide introduction, should be taken into account for future investigations.

  • Polysaccharides in fabrication of membranes: A review
    • Vahid Vatanpour
    • Michael Badawi
    • Mohammad Saeb
    2022 CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS

    Sustainability concerns have motivated and directed a great deal of interest over the past decade towards the development of green technologies. Polysaccharides are green polymers, which experienced growing demand to substitute chemically synthetic polymers. Different types of polysaccharides i.e. cellulose-, starch-, chitin- alginate-, and chitosan-based carbohydrate polymers have been applied in the fabrication of separation membranes. The purpose of the current review was to summarize, classify, and discuss the state-of-the-art the fabrication of membranes with carbohydrate polymers. Specific attention was paid to highlight the strategies used in the successful development of such membranes. First, a brief review of different types of polysaccharides was performed. Next, the application of these polysaccharides in the fabrication of liquid filtration, gas separation, adsorption, pervaporation and proton exchange membranes were comprehensively reviewed. Computational evaluations were also reviewed. Eventually, concluding remarks together with challenging aspects of the future perspective over application of polysaccharide membranes were discussed.

  • Polyurethane based hybrid ciprofloxacin-releasing wound dressings designed for skin engineering purpose
    • Iga Carayon
    • Paweł Szarlej
    • Przemysław Gnatowski
    • Edyta Piłat
    • Maciej Sienkiewicz
    • Marta Glinka
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
    2022 Pełny tekst Advances in Medical Sciences

    Purpose Even in the 21st century, chronic wounds still pose a major challenge due to potentially inappropriate treatment options, so the latest wound dressings are hybrid systems that enable clinical management, such as a hybrid of hydrogels, antibiotics and polymers. These wound dressings are mainly used for chronic and complex wounds, which can easily be infected by bacteria. Materials and methods Six Composite Porous Matrices (CPMs) based on polyurethane (PUR) in alliance with polylactide (PLAs) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were prepared and analyzed using optical microscopy. Three different types of hydrogels and their Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) modified variants’ ratios were prepared and analyzed using FTIR, SEM and EDX techniques. Six Hybrid Cipro-Releasing Hydrogel Wound Dressings (H-CRWDs) were also prepared and underwent short-term degradation, Cipro release, microbiology and cell viability measurements. Results Average porosity of CPMs was in the range of 69–81%. The pore size of the obtained CPMs was optimal for skin regeneration. Short-term degradation studies revealed degradability in physiological conditions regardless of sample type. A meaningful release was also observed even in short time (21.76 ​± ​0.64 ​μg/mL after 15 ​min). Microbiological tests showed visible inhibition zones. Cell viability tests proved that the obtained H-CRWDs were biocompatible (over 85% of cells). Conclusions A promising hybrid wound dressing was labeled. Simple and cost-effective methods were used to obtain microbiologically active and biocompatible dressings. The results were of importance for the design and development of acceptable solutions in the management of chronic wounds of high potential for infection.

  • Pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej w instalacjach fotowoltaicznych dużych mocy z magazynowaniem energii
    • Jacek Katarzyński
    • Jakub Olesz
    2022 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    W artykule przedstawiono różne konfiguracje przepływu energii w instalacjach fotowoltaicznych z zastosowaniem przekształtników energoelektronicznych o mocy od 10 do 1000 kVA. W pomiarach impedancji pętli zwarciowej (IPZ) w obwodach zasilanych z przekształtników przyrządami różnych producentów zaobserwowano wyniki pomiaru zależne od trybu pracy przekształtnika oraz od wartości wymuszanego prądu probierczego przyrządu. W artykule wskazano na właściwą metodologię pomiaru IPZ w instalacjach fotowoltaicznych z użyciem przekształtników energoelektronicznych z magazynowaniem energii.

  • Pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej w obwodach z wyłącznikami różnicowoprądowymi selektywnymi
    • Kornel Borowski
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2022

    Pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej w obwodach z wyłącznikami różnicowoprądowymi bezzwłocznymi jest kłopotliwy, ponieważ przy stosowaniu typowych mierników o prądzie pomiarowym rzędu 10-20 A zwykle następują zbędne zadziałania tych zabezpieczeń. W przypadku obwodów z wyłącznikami różnicowoprądowymi selektywnymi jest inaczej. W referacie wykazano, że pomiar ten można wykonać nawet miernikiem wielkoprądowym wymuszającym prąd o wartości szczytowej około 200 A. Przedstawiono przykładowe oscylogramy prądu pomiarowego oraz wyniki badań reakcji wyłączników różnicowoprądowych na pomiar impedancji pętli zwarciowej.

  • Pomorski Archipelag Wysp Energetycznych
    • Andrzej Szajner
    • Paweł Bućko
    • Katarzyna Grecka
    2022 Zeszyty Problemowe Samorząd Pomorza

    Omówiono możliwy rozwój energetyki prosumenckiej na terenie województwa pomorskiego. Odniesiono się do form organizacyjnych oraz współpracy lokalnych struktur z systemem elektroenergetycznym.