2016 - Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

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Publikacje z roku 2016

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Elastyczne formy zatrudnienia a zjawisko starzenia się społeczeństwa w Polsce
- Marta Maier
2016
Zjawisko starzenia się społeczeństwa spowodowane niską dzietnością oraz wy- dłużeniem przeciętnego trwania ludzkiego życia traktowane jest obecnie jako zagrożenie dla rynku pracy. Spadek zasobów siły roboczej w nieodległej przy- szłości grozi niedoborem pracowników, co spowoduje konieczność dokonania zmian w ramach polityki rynku pracy, przede wszystkim przez dążenie do zwięk- szenia aktywności zawodowej w grupie osób starszych, stosowanie m.in. elastycz- nych form zatrudnienia (w tej grupie wiekowej występują bowiem największe rezerwy zatrudnienia). Stosowanie elastycznych form zatrudnienia prowadzi do zwiększenia wydajności pracy oraz spadku kosztów związanych z zarządzaniem zasobami ludzkimi. W dłuższej perspektywie prowadzi do wzrostu zysku oraz zwiększenia konkuren- cyjności zarówno przedsiębiorstw, jak i całej gospodarki. Rosnące znaczenie osób starszych jako uczestników rynku pracy związane jest przede wszystkim z zachodzącymi zmianami społeczno-ekonomicznymi. Zwięk- szenie udziału tej grupy wiekowej w społeczeństwie wymaga podjęcia odpowied- nich kroków, by w pełni wykorzystać potencjał osób starszych. W tym celu ko- nieczne jest niwelowanie barier sprzyjających niskiej aktywności zawodowej poprzez dążenie do wprowadzenia elastycznych form zatrudnienia. Celem autorki jest próba wskazania czynników zwiększających poziom wykorzy- stania niestandardowych form zatrudnienia, traktowanych jako formy wzrostu wskaźnika zatrudnienia osób starszych w Polsce. W części empirycznej przepro- wadzona zostanie ocena sytuacji osób w wieku 60+ na rynku pracy oraz przed- stawiona zostanie kwestia uwarunkowań rozwoju elastycznych form zatrudnienia w tej grupie wiekowej.
Electrical characterization of diamond/boron doped diamond nanostructures for use in harsh environment applications
- Łukasz Gołuński
- Krzysztof Zwolski
- Piotr Płotka
2016 Pełny tekst IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
The polycrystalline boron doped diamond (BDD) shows stable electrical properties and high tolerance for harsh environments (e.g. high temperature or aggressive chemical compounds) comparing to other materials used in semiconductor devices. In this study authors have designed electronic devices fabricated from non-intentionally (NiD) films and highly boron doped diamond structures. Presented semiconductor devices consist of highly boron doped structures grown on NiD diamond films. Fabricated structures were analyzed by electrical measurements for use in harsh environment applications. Moreover, the boron-doping level and influence of oxygen content on chemical composition of diamond films were particularly investigated. Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (MW PE CVD) has been used for thin diamond films growth. Non-intentionally doped diamond (0 ppm [B]/[C]) films have been deposited on the Si/SiO2 wafers with different content of carbon, boron and oxygen in the gas phase. Then, the shape of the highly doped diamond structures were obtained by pyrolysis of SiO2 on NiD film and standard lithography process. The highly doped structures were obtained for different growth time and [B]/[C] ratio (4000 - 10000 ppm). The narrowest distance between two highly doped structures was 5µm. The standard Ti/Au ohmic contacts were deposited using physical vapour deposition for electrical characterization of NiD/BDD devices. The influence of diffusion boron from highly doped diamond into non-doped/low-doped diamond film was investigated. Surface morphology of designed structures was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscope and optical microscope. The resistivity of the NiD and film was studied using four-point probe measurements also DC studies were done.
Electricity demand prediction by multi-agent system with history-based weighting
- Artur Opaliński
- Dudek Grzegorz
2016
Energy and load demand forecasting in short-horizons, over an interval ranging from one hour to one week, is crucial for on-line scheduling and security functions of power system. Many load forecasting methods have been developed in recent years which are usually complex solutions with many adjustable parameters. Best-matching models and their relevant parameters have to be determined in a search procedure. We propose a hybrid prediction model, where best exemplars from a possibly large set of different simple short-time load forecasting models are automatically selected based on their past performance by a multi-agent system with history-based weighting. The increase of prediction accuracy has been verified on real load data from the Polish power system.
Electricity generation from rapeseed straw hydrolysates using microbial fuel cells
- Jabłońska Milena
- Rybarczyk Maria
- Marek Lieder
2016 BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
Rapeseed straw is an attractive fuel material for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) due to its high content of carbohydrates (more than 60% carbohydrates). This study has demonstrated that reducing sugars can be efficiently extracted from raw rapeseed straw by combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis followed by utilization as a fuel in two-chamber MFCs for electrical power generation. The most efficient method of saccharification of this lignocellulosic biomass (17%) turned out hydrothermal pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Electricity was produced using hydrolysate concentrations up to 150 mg/dm3. The power density reached 54 mW/m2, while CEs ranged from 60% to 10%, corresponding to the initial reducing sugar concentrations of 10–150 mg/dm3. The COD degradation rates based on charge calculation increased from 0.445 g COD/m2/d for the hydrolysate obtained with the microwave treatment to 0.602 g COD/m2/d for the most efficient combination of hydrothermal treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis.
Electroactive polymer/graphene oxide nanostructured composites; evidence for direct chemical interactions between PEDOT and GOx
- Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
- Magdalena Kujawa
- Monika Michalska
- Ludwika Lipińska
- Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak
2016 SYNTHETIC METALS
This work concerns electrochemical synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of conducting polymer and reduced graphene oxide (rGOx) as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The electrosynthesis was performed in an aqueous solution of the 3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (EDOT) monomer and graphene oxide (GOx) without supporting electrolyte. The amount of GOx was optimized to obtain the best electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite material. The just-prepared nanocomposite (pEDOT/GOx) was electrochemically reduced in order to decrease the number of oxygen-rich functional groups on the GOx surface, to increase the amount of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms and, in consequence, to increase the electrical conductivity. SEM results show a uniform, wavy and layered structure of the nanocomposite. XPS analysis confirms a partial reduction of functional oxygen groups of GOx and a partial return to the graphene-like sp2 network in the process of electrochemical reduction. A new chemical bond has been detected between sulphur from thiophene rings and oxygen coming from graphene oxide as proof of direct chemical interaction between both components PEDOT and GOx. Electrochemical tests show that the polymer provides an excellent conductive matrix for the graphene oxide. The incorporated graphene oxide, on the other hand, improves the nanocomposite specific surface area. As a result, the nanocomposite exhibits much higher electric capacitance in comparison with the pure polymer or graphene oxide alone. Nanocomposites display fast charging/discharging processes and good electrochemical stability. The electrochemical properties put them in a promising position as a potential material for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors.
Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical characterization of photoanodes based on titania nanotubes modified by a BiVO4 thin film and gold nanoparticles
- Konrad Trzciński
- Mariusz Szkoda
- Katarzyna Siuzdak
- Mirosław Sawczak
- Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak
2016 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
Titania nanotubes (TNT) modified with thin films of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) and gold nanoparticles (GNP) were photoelectrochemically characterized as photoanodes for water photooxidation. Presence of bismuth vanadate enhanced efficiency of photocurrent generation in comparison with pristine TNTs under visible light illumination. Besides an extended range of absorbed light, the presence of both BiVO4 and GNP reduced the charge transfer resistance as confirmed by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. A possible mechanism of photoexcited charge-carrier transfer based on the locations of valence and conduction bands of TiO2 and BiVO4 has been proposed. The photocurrent of the most active photoanode (Ti/TiO2/Au/BiVO4/Au) reached a stable value of about 123 μA cm−2 and was nearly 3.5 times higher than registered for pure TiO2 and c.a. 8 times higher than recorded for BiVO4.
Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and functionalized carbon nanotubes
- Anna Danuta Dettlaff
- Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
2016 SYNTHETIC METALS
This work is focused on new composite materials consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (pEDOT) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized electrochemically. Three types of composites were synthesized: the first one containing carbon nanotubes with carboxyl groups (covalent functionalization), the second one containing oxidized carbon nanotubes ox-MWCNTs (with different oxygen-rich polar groups) (covalent functionalization) and the third one containing carbon nanotubes dispersed using surfactant (non-covalent functionalization). The presence of oxygen moieties attached to carbon nanotubes decreases their hydrophobicity and helps to suspend them more uniformly in a solution used for electrosynthesis than the surfactant addition. Homogenous dispersion of carbon nanotubes and their amount in the synthesis solution is crucial for reproducibility and electrochemical properties of the composite layers. Thin nanocomposite films were tested electrochemically for supercapacitor application. Detailed surface investigation of the electrode layers by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows differences in the chemical composition between the composites and the pure polymer. Moreover, electrochemical results show that the presence of carbon nanotubes with carboxyl groups in the polymer matrix may double the capacitance values compared to pure pEDOT.
Electrochemically assisted deposition of hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V substrates covered by CVD diamond films — Coating characterization and first cell biological results
- Paulina Strąkowska
- René Beutner
- Marcin Gnyba
- Dieter Scharnweber
- Andrzej Zieliński
2016 Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications
Although titaniumand its alloys are widely used as implant material for orthopedic and dental applications they show only limited corrosion stability and osseointegration in different cases. The aim of the presented research was to develop and characterize a novel surface modification system from a thin diamond base layer and a hydroxyapatite (HAp) top coating deposited on the alloy Ti6Al4V widely used for implants in contact with bone. This coating systemis expected to improve both the long-termcorrosion behavior and the biocompatibility and bioactivity of respective surfaces. The diamond base films were obtained by Microwave Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (MW-PACVD); the HAp coatings were formed in aqueous solutions by electrochemically assisted deposition (ECAD) at varying polarization parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman microscopy, and electrical conductivitymeasurements were applied to characterize the generated surface states; the calcium phosphate coatings were additionally chemically analyzed for their composition. The biological properties of the coating system were assessed using hMSC cells analyzing for cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Varying MW-PACVD process conditions resulted in composite coatings containing microcrystalline diamond (MCD/Ti-C), nanocrystalline diamond (NCD), and boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (B-NCD) with the NCD coatings being dense and homogeneous and the B-NCD coatings showing increased electrical conductivity. The ECAD process resulted in calcium phosphate coatings from stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric HAp. The deposition of HAp on the B-NCD films run at lower cathodic potentials and resulted both in the highest coating mass and the most homogenous appearance. Initial cell biological investigations showed an improved cell adhesion in the order B-NCD N HAp/B-NCD N uncoated substrate. Cell proliferation was improved for both investigated coatings whereas ALP expression was highest for the uncoated substrate.
Electrochemicalsynthesis of 3D nano-/micro-structured porous polypyrrole
- Karolina Cysewska
- Jakub Karczewski
- Piotr Jasiński
2016 MATERIALS LETTERS
In this work, electrosynthesis of electroactive, 3D nano-/micro-structured porous polypyrrole film is presented. The PPy film was synthesized potentiostatically in a one-step process from aqueous solution of pyrrole and lithium perchlorate. The growth mechanism of such structure included: the formation of typical globular PPy film, followed by the formation of the PPy fibers, which then took part in the formation of 3D highly porous PPy structures. Preliminary studies show that such PPy film is a very good candidate as a sensing material for glucose biosensor. It exhibits very high sensitivity (28.5 mA·mM−1·cm−2) and can work without any additional dopants, mediators or enzymes.
Electrolytic corrosion of water pipeline system in the remote distance from stray currents– case study
- Krzysztof Żakowski
- Kazimierz Darowicki
- Juliusz Orlikowski
- Agata Jażdżewska
- Stefan Krakowiak
- Maciej Gruszka
- Jacek Banas
2016 Pełny tekst Case Studies in Construction Materials
Case study of corrosion failure of urban water supply system caused by the harmful effects of stray currents was presented. The failure occurred at a site distant from the sources of these currents namely the tramway and railway traction systems. Diagnosis revealed the stray currents flow to pipeline over a remote distance of 800 ÷ 1,000 meters from the point of failure. At the point of failure stray currents flowed from the pipeline to the ground through external insulation defects, causing the process of electrolytic corrosion of the metal. Long distance between the affected section of the pipeline and the sources of stray currents excludes the typical protection against stray currents in the form of electrical polarized drainage. Corrosion protection at this point can be achieved by using the earthing electrodes made of magnesium, which will also provide cathodic current protection as galvanic anode.
Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of excited states of the pyridine molecules
- Ireneusz Linert
- Mariusz Zubek
2016 Pełny tekst EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D
Electron energy-loss spectra of the pyridine, C5H5N, molecules in the gas phase have been measured to investigate electronic excitation in the energy range 3.5–10 eV. The applied wide range of residual electron energy and the scattering angle range from 10 ◦ to 180 ◦ enabled to differentiate between optically-allowed and -forbidden transitions. These measurements have allowed vertical excitation energies of the triplet excited states of pyridine to be determined and tentative assignments of these states to be proposed. Some of these states have not been identified in the previous works.
Electron scattering from 2-methyl–1,3-butadiene,C5H8, molecules: Role of methylation
- Czesław Szmytkowski
- Sylwia Stefanowska-Tur
- Mateusz Zawadzki
- Elżbieta Ptasińska-Denga
- Paweł Możejko
2016 Pełny tekst PHYSICAL REVIEW A
We report cross-section results from experimental and theoretical investigations into electron collisions with the 2-methyl–1,3-butadiene [C5H8] molecule. The current results are compared with our previous results for the 1,3-butadiene [C4H6] molecule, a structural homologue of 2-methyl–1,3-butadiene, to investigate how the methylation (the substitution of hydrogen atom by a methyl group) affects the shape and/or magnitude of the total cross sections (TCSs). Both experimental TCS energy dependencies have certain features in common: the Ramsauer–Townsend-like minimum located within 1.4–1.6 eV; the resonant maximum centered at 3.4 eV for the 2-methyl–1,3-butadiene molecule and at 3.2 eV for 1,3-butadiene; a weak shoulder in the vicinity of 7 eV; and the pronounced broad enhancement peaking around 8.5 eV for 2-methyl–1,3-butadiene and near 9.5 eV for 1,3-butadiene. The magnitude of the TCS for 2-methyl–1,3-butadiene appears to be higher than that for 1,3-butadiene over the whole investigated energy range. Closer analysis of data shows that the TCS for 2-methyl–1,3-butadiene can be reasonably reproduced by the sum of TCSs for 1,3-butadiene and half of the TCS for the ethane [C2H6] molecule—that stays for the TCS of the methyl unit [CH3]. That result can be extended to homologous series of methyl-substituted allenes, ethylenes, and acetylenes.
Electronic state spectroscopy by high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption, He(I) photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations of ethyl acetate
- Małgorzata Śmiałek-Telega
- Marta Łabuda
- Julien Guthmuller
- Marie-Jeanne Hubin-Franskin
- Jacques Delwiche
- Søren Hoffmann
- Nykola C. Jones
- Nigel J. Mason
- P. Limao-Vieira
2016 Pełny tekst EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D
The high-resolution vacuum ultraviolet photoabsorption spectrum of ethyl acetate, C4H8O2, is presented over the energy range 4.5−10.7 eV (275.5−116.0 nm). Valence and Rydberg transitions and their associated vibronic series observed in the photoabsorption spectrum, have been assigned in accordance with new ab initio calculations of the vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths. Also, the photoabsorption cross sections have been used to calculate the photolysis lifetime of this ester in the upper stratosphere (20−50 km). Calculations have also been carried out to determine the ionisation energies and fine structure of the lowest ionic state of ethyl acetate and are compared with a newly recorded photoelectron spectrum (from 9.5 to 16.7 eV). Vibrational structure is observed in the first photoelectron band of this molecule for the first time.
Electronic structure and magnetism of samarium and neodymium adatoms on free-standing graphene
- Agnieszka Kozub
- Alexander Shick
- František Máca
- Jindřich Kolorenč
- Alexander Lichtenstein
2016 Pełny tekst PHYSICAL REVIEW B
The electronic structure of selected rare-earth atoms adsorbed on a free-standing graphene was investigated using methods beyond the conventional density functional theory (DFT+U, DFT +HIA, and DFT+ED). The influence of the electron correlations and the spin-orbit coupling on the magnetic properties has been examined. The DFT+U method predicts both atoms to carry local magnetic moments (spin and orbital) contrary to a nonmagnetic f6 (J=0) ground-state configuration of Sm in the gas phase. Application of DFT+Hubbard-I (HIA) and DFT+exact diagonalization (ED) methods cures this problem, and yields a nonmagnetic ground state with six f electrons and J=0 for the Sm adatom. Our calculations show that Nd adatom remains magnetic, with four localized f electrons and J=4.0. These conclusions could be verified by STM and XAS experiments.
Elektrochemiczna symulacja metabolizmu ksenobiotyków
- Dorota Garwolińska
- Agnieszka Potęga
- Jacek Namieśnik
- Agata Kot-Wasik
2016 Analityka: Nauka i Praktyka
W błyskawicznym tempie rośnie liczba nowo odkrywanych związków chemicznych. Jednak zanim jakikolwiek z nich zostanie wprowadzony do użytku medycznego najpierw musi zostać dokładnie przebadany pod kątem farmakologicznym i w szczególności toksykologicznym. Współczesne procedury wprowadzania nowych środków farmaceutycznych są czasochłonne i bardzo kosztowne. To sprawia, że cały czas poszukuje się nowych systemów symulacyjnych, umożliwiających szybki dostęp do wiarygodnych informacji na temat biologicznych przemian jakim mogą ulegać te związki. Powszechnie wykorzystuje się modele biologiczne, których wykorzystanie w badaniach wiąże się z długimi czasami analiz oraz ograniczoną powtarzalnością wyników. Alternatywą dla tego typu modeli jest wykorzystanie osiągnięć i narzędzi badawczych stosowanych przez specjalistów z zakresu elektrochemii (EC). W niniejszym artykule starano się przybliżyć zasadę i sposoby wykonywania elektrochemicznej symulacja metabolizmu zarówno I, jak i II fazy, pokazano typy reakcji katalizowanych przez cytochromy P450, które prowadzi się na drodze elektrochemicznej oraz dyskutowano zalety i wady konfiguracji elektrochemicznych systemów symulujących proces metabolizmu.
Elektrownie jądrowe- historia i przegląd typów reaktorów
- Marta Drosińska-Komor
- Natalia Szewczuk-Krypa
2016
Elektrownie jądrowe stanowią jedno ze źrodeł produkcji energii. Produkują one duże ilości energii z małej ilości surowca. Reaktry jądrowe są stale rowijane technologicznie, po to aby byly one jeszcze bezpieczniejsze, a także aby pracowały z coraz to wyższymi sprawnościami
Elektrownie wiatrowe a stabilność systemu Elektroenergetycznego
- Zbigniew Lubośny
2016
W pracy omówiono problematykę wpływu elektrowni wiatrowych na system elektroenergetyczny. Rozważano zagadnienia związane z pewnością generacji, rezerwowaniem mocy czynnej, regulacją napięcia i mocy, jakością energii, stabilnością napięciową, stabilnością lokalną, stabilnością globalną, zdolnością do uczestnictwa w obronie i odbudowie systemu elektroenergetycznego, itd.
Elementy geometryczne w architekturze
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2016
Obiekty architektoniczne współistnieją ze swoimi odbiorcami i użytkownikami (współdecydując o jakości ich życia) przede wszystkim dzięki przekazywaniu treści zawartych w tych obiektach przez ich twórców. Są medium przekazującym określone komunikaty: to ich zasadnicza rola w ujęciu psychologicznym. Te same efekty architektonicznej kreacji przestrzennej rozważać jednak można jako geometryczną konsekwencję zamysłu przestrzennego poddanego graficznemu zapisowi.
ELEMENTY OPISU MIEJSCA WYPADKU DROGOWEGO
- Wojciech Owczarzak
2016 Pełny tekst Autobusy. Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe
W celu dokonania rekonstrukcji wypadku drogowego niezbędny jest szczegółowy oraz oddający w pełni stan rzeczywisty opis miejsca wypadku. Poniższy artykuł omawia podstawowe elementy takie jak protokół miejsca wypadku, szkic, dokumentacje fotograficzną oraz ocenę obrażeń uczestników wypadku.
Ellipse-fitting algorithm implementation in the impedance measurement system based on DAQ card with FPGA
- Grzegorz Lentka
- Małgorzata Targan
2016 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
The paper presents an implementation of the ellipse-fitting algorithm in the impedance measurement system based on DAQ card equipped with FPGA chip. The method implementation was tested by simulation means as well as experimentally in the designed and presented measurement system. Finally, the limit values of sampling parameters which assures satisfying accuracy were given.