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Politechniki Gdańskiej

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  • System for monitoring road slippery based on CCTV cameras and convolutional neural networks
    • Dariusz Grabowski
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    2020 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS

    The slipperiness of the surface is essential for road safety. The growing number of CCTV cameras opens the possibility of using them to automatically detect the slippery surface and inform road users about it. This paper presents a system of developed intelligent road signs, including a detector based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the transferlearning method employed to the processing of images acquired with video cameras. Based on photos taken in different light conditions by CCTV cameras located at the roadsides in Poland, four network topologies have been trained and tested: Resnet50 v2, Resnet152 v2, Vgg19, and Densenet201. The last-mentioned network has proved to give the best result with 98.34% accuracy of classification dry, wet, and snowy roads.

  • System monitoringu rozdzielnic kampusu Politechniki Gdańskiej
    • Krzysztof Kwasigroch
    • Maciej Łukaszewicz
    • Ireneusz Mosoń
    2020 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Wydziału Elektrotechniki i Automatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej

    W artykule opisano koncepcję, realizację programową oraz stanowisko testowe systemu monitoringu rozdzielnic kampusu Politechniki Gdańskiej. Zaproponowano realizację sprzętową oraz opracowano realizację programową systemu monitoringu rozdzielnic dla dwóch budynków: Gmachu Głównego i Centrum Obsługi Technicznej. Ważną cechą opracowanego rozwiązania jest jego skalowalność, gdyż docelowo system monitoringu będzie obejmował wszystkie rozdzielnice kampusu Politechniki Gdańskiej. Do akwizycji sygnałów z aparatów elektrycznych przewidziano sterowniki programowalne easyE4, które będą zainstalowane w rozdzielnicach poszczególnych budynków. Funkcję nadrzędną w systemie monitoringu będzie pełnił sterownik programowalny XC-303. Jego zadaniem będzie zbieranie sygnałów ze wszystkich sterowników easyE4. Sterownik XC-303 będzie znajdował się w budynku Centrum obsługi Technicznej, oraz docelowo na serwerze w tym budynku zostanie zainstalowana opracowana wizualizacja. Wszystkie przewidziane w systemie monitoringu funkcje zostały uruchomione i przetestowane na zbudowanym w tym celu stanowisku testowym. Do programowania sterowników easyE4 wykorzystano środowisko programistyczne easySoft 7, a program na sterownik XC-303 opracowano w środowisku programistycznym CODESYS 3. Wizualizacja została opracowana w środowisku programistycznym Galileo 10. Do komunikacji pomiędzy urządzeniami systemu monitoringu wykorzystano protokół Modbus TCP. System monitoringu będzie wykorzystywał uczelnianą sieć komputerową Politechniki Gdańskiej.

  • Systematic review examining the evidence for impact of school policies on physical activity
    • Kevin Volf
    • Liam Kelly
    • Enrique García Bengoechea
    • Anna Gobis
    • Jeroen Lakerveld
    • Joanna Żukowska
    • Peter Gelius
    • Sven Messing
    • Sarah Forberger
    • Catherine Woods
    2020 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

    Background Epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that physical activity can have substantive health benefits for children and young people. The 'Policy Evaluation Network' is a multi-disciplinary research network across 7 European countries and New Zealand aimed at building capacity and evaluating the level of impact of policy interventions for promoting healthy lifestyles. The Toronto Charter identified 'whole-of-school' programmes as one of seven key investments for promotion of PA. This paper presents results of a SLR, designed to assess the level of evidence for policies within the school setting that contribute directly or indirectly to increasing PA. Methods Researchers searched six online databases for scientific literature regarding PA policy interventions in the school setting using key concepts of policy, school, PA and evaluation. Risk of bias will be assessed with tools appropriate to the design of the studies considered. Evidence of actual or potential positive PA outcomes arising directly or indirectly from policy actions will be catalogued. Results Preliminary searches identified 2327 unique scientific articles. 1938 (83.3%) were excluded on first reading and 189 (8.8%) were included for full text analysis. Initial findings suggest that organisational policies, for example avoiding overcrowding in playgrounds during school breaks, may be a promising policy action. Detailed analysis revealing other potential policy actions supported by evidence will be presented (SLR in progress). Conclusions Preliminary findings suggest that few studies link policy actions in the school setting to PA outcomes. However, studies that have investigated the effects of changes to the school environment on PA levels may provide evidence for policy actions. Preliminary recommendations include strengthening the evidence base for school-based PA policy by supporting studies into the effects of particular policy or legislative changes on PA outcomes.

  • Systematic Water Uptake Energetics of Yttrium-Doped Barium Zirconate—A High Resolution Thermochemical Study
    • Mayra Goncalves
    • Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń
    • Pardha Saradhi Maram
    • Łukasz Kryścio
    • Maria Gazda
    • Alexandra Navrotsky
    2020 Pełny tekst Journal of Physical Chemistry C

    A combination of surface area analyzer and microcalorimetry was employed to investigate the in situ water uptake energetics and the mechanism of proton incorporation in yttrium-doped barium zirconate in the temperature range 200–400 °C. The BaZr1–xYxO3 solid solutions are made with variable yttrium content (x = 10, 20, and 30 mol %) by a controlled oxidant-peroxo synthesis method. The water uptake increases as the partial pressure of water increases; however, no saturation in the hydration isotherm is observed, implying further reaction at higher pH2O. The results suggest three distinct regions of hydration energies as a function of water content. The first water uptake enthalpy values showed high exothermicity, −140, −158, and −157 kJ mol–1 for BaZr1–xYxO3 (x = 10, 20, and 30 mol %), respectively, at 400 °C, and the strong exothermic contribution supports the dissociative incorporation of water. The stepwise in situ hydration energetics is essential to understand the mechanisms of water incorporation and the role of H2O uptake in transport properties.

  • Systems engineering approach to functional safety and cyber security of industrial critical installations
    • Kazimierz Kosmowski
    2020

    This chapter addresses the systems engineering approach to integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis and management regarding selected references, standards and requirements concerning critical installations and their industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of industrial installations that include the information technology (IT) and the operational technology (OT) to reduce relevant risks. This approach includes verifying the safety integrity level (SIL) of defined safety functions, and then to check the level obtained taking into account the security assurance level (SAL) of particular domain, such as a safety related control system (SRCS), in which given safety function is to be implemented. The SAL is determined based on a vector of fundamental requirements (FRs). The method proposed uses defined risk graphs for the individual and/or the societal risk, and relevant risk criteria, for determining the SIL required of given safety function, and probabilistic models to verify the SIL achievable for the SRCS architecture to be designed and then implemented in an industrial installation.

  • Systems engineering approach to functional safety and cyber security of industrial critical installations
    • Kazimierz Kosmowski
    2020 Pełny tekst

    This chapter addresses the systems engineering approach to integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis and management regarding selected references, standards and requirements concerning critical installations and their industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of industrial installations that include the information technology (IT) and the operational technology (OT) to reduce relevant risks. This approach includes verifying the safety integrity level (SIL) of defined safety functions, and then to check the level obtained taking into account the security assurance level (SAL) of particular domain, such as a safety related control system (SRCS), in which given safety function is to be implemented. The SAL is determined based on a vector of fundamental requirements (FRs). The method proposed uses defined risk graphs for the individual and/or the societal risk, and relevant risk criteria, for determining the SIL required of given safety function, and probabilistic models to verify the SIL achievable for the SRCS architecture to be designed and then implemented in an industrial installation.

  • Szkodliwe związki powstające wskutek przemian sacharydów
    • Hanna Staroszczyk
    2020

    W rozdziale opisano zagadnienia związane ze zdrowotnymi aspektami spożywania sacharydów, scharakteryzowano alternatywne substancje słodzące oraz przedstawiono interakcje sacharydów z innymi składnikami żywności.

  • Świat i jego ekosystem mobilny – dane statystyczne i perspektywy rozwoju
    • Józef Woźniak
    2020

    Główną uwagę położono na szeroką prezentację technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjne, które, jak się powszechnie oczekuje, będą, podobnie jak w ostatnich dwóch dziesięcioleciach, istotnym elementem rozwoju i katalizatorem zmian zachodzących we wszystkich obszarach bazujących na wymianie, przetwarzaniu, przechowywaniu i udostępnianiu informacji cyfrowych, wpływając na rozwój i kreowanie różnorodnych ekosystemów cyfrowych. zaprezentowano sposoby wdrażania technologii piątej generacji (5G), wskazując fazy w implementacji i kamienie milowe w rozwoju systemów i sieci 5G w Polsce i na świecie. Uwagę poświęcono też koncepcjom IoT oraz nowym, perspektywicznym technologiom sieciowym. Zaprezentowano też szkicowo problemy odnoszące się do usług chmurowych.

  • Tangible and intangible economic impact of hosting mega sporting events
    • Krystian Zawadzki
    2020

    Due to the fact that the impetus for the creation of this paper was inaccuracies in the results of research relating to the economic effects caused by the organisation of mega sporting events, an analysis of the impact of 1988-2008 mega sporting events on host economies was conducted. The research shows that in selected areas of the economy, sporting events can be identified, with occasional positive (SOG) and negative (WOG) economic effects, both nationally and regionally.

  • Tax Evasion, Tax Morale, and Trade Regulations: Company-Level Evidence from Poland
    • Dagmara Nikulin
    2020 Pełny tekst Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review

    Objective: To investigate the determinants of the phenomenon of evading taxes among polish entrepreneurs. In particular, I examine such factors as tax administration satisfaction, tax morale, tax burden, and the influence of trade regulations. Research Design & Methods: A survey study conducted in 2017 in Poland among 454 enterprises. I used the zero-inflated negative binomial modelling technique to examine the impact of factors on the probability and extent of tax evasion. I also checked the robustness of the obtained results. Findings: I report low tax morale of company managers, low level of satisfaction of tax administration, and tightness of trade regulations as important factors that impact the probability of tax evasion. Moreover, tax morale plays an important role in explaining the extent of underreporting income. I report no significant impact of tax burden on the probability to evade taxes and the magnitude of evasion. Implications & Recommendations: Tax burden should not be considered as predominant in explaining tax evasion inclinations. More social aspects, like the perceived quality of governance, the level of trade regulations, and tax morale, become increasingly important in affecting tax evasion attitudes. Contribution & Value Added: I offer empirical evidence on the determinants of tax evasion. To that end, I utilise a new econometric approach and own primary data.

  • Taxonomy of Schemes for Resilient Routing
    • Ivan Ganchev
    • Jacek Rak
    • Tibor Cinkler
    • Máirtín O’droma
    2020

    This chapter provides a taxonomy of schemes for resilient routing followed by a discussion of their application to contemporary architectures of communication networks. In particular, a general classification of schemes for resilient routing is first presented followed by a description of the reference schemes for IP networks. The chapter in its later part focuses on the representative techniques of resilient routing for a multi-domain and multi-layer network scenarios followed by conclusions also referring to the applicability of the resilient routing schemes in disaster scenarios.

  • Teaching architectural history through virtual reality
    • Szymon Kowalski
    • Piotr Samól
    • Jakub Szczepański
    • Witold Dłubakowski
    2020 Pełny tekst World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education

    The impact of implementing 3D models and virtual reality in teaching the theory of architecture and architectural history is the theme of this article. Virtual reality and easy-to-use 3D tools allow a whole historic object to be visualised. As a result, there is social and economic pressure to modernise present educational methods using this technology. Therefore, the authors have focused their research on an issue of significance today: how the newest digital technologies might influence the development of students’ technical skills and their abilities for logical thinking.

  • Team Roles and Team Performance in Small Virtual Software Teams
    • Beata Krawczyk-Bryłka
    2020 ZARZĄDZANIE ZASOBAMI LUDZKIMI

    The article presents the results of research on the composition of team roles conducted in 24 student software teams. An adaptation of M. Belbin’s model by B. Kożusznik was used. The model of team balance according to Belbin and Haaf is presented and correlations between team balance and team performance are analysed. Team performance is measured at three levels: result, satisfaction and team climate. The selected constellation of team roles (such as Shaper and Plant, Implementer and Monitor-Evaluator) were analysed in the context of software team performance. The level of team virtualisation was also taken into account.

  • Technical and Economic Analysis of the Implementation of Selected Variants of Road Investment
    • Marcin Szczepański
    • Beata Grzyl
    2020 Pełny tekst Buildings

    The aim of the article is to analyze three variants of modernization and reconstruction of a road intersection, which in practice is the cause of numerous collisions and accidents. Detailed design solutions are presented for them. The aim of the analyses is to indicate an effective solution that, taking into account technical modifications of the road system elements, will ensure the functionality of the road system to the highest degree and significantly reduce the number of road incidents. To indicate the optimal solution, quantitative data (cost and duration of activities for three options) and qualitative data (determined based on the own experience and knowledge of road industry experts) is analyzed. The authors refer to many criteria of various natures (e.g., economic, technical, functional, environmental, social), which allow for comprehensive consideration of the current requirements of road users and changing circumstances, among others a steady increase in the number of vehicles and growing social expectations in terms of road parameters. Considering the presented analyses and arguments, the authors recommend option 1 as optimal. This is the most expensive solution among those analyzed and with the longest implementation time, however, taking into account the long-term prognosis of the direction and scope of changes to the existing standards and requirements for road infrastructure, it can be stated that option 1 meets them to the highest degree, and also has the greatest potential. The envisaged solution ensures high standards of the quality of road infrastructure use in terms of functionality, capacity, technical parameters, as well as the safety of traffic participants related to the smoothness of the journey, reduction of the number of collisions and accidents.

  • Techno‐economic evaluation of a natural deep eutectic solvent‐based biorefinery: Exploring different design scenarios
    • Adepu K. Kumar
    • Shaishav Sharma
    • Gaurav Dixit
    • Ekta Shah
    • Aesha Patel
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2020 Biofuels Bioproducts & Biorefining-Biofpr

    This paper presents a comprehensive techno‐economic evaluation of an integrated natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES)‐based biorefinery – a 1 ton day−1 capacity design plant. The key parameters include payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). These were compared with the parameters of conventional biorefineries. The ‘n th plant’ results clearly revealed that the single product‐based biorefinery is not a sustainable approach. Hence, value‐added products viz ., cellulose, lignin, xylan, silica, etc ., play a vital role in the cost‐effectiveness of bio‐based biorefineries. Based on ‘base‐case’ experimental results, a pilot‐scale plant design scenario is most feasible, with a NPV of 1.4 million USD, >100% IRR, and a payback period of <2 years. Sensitivity analysis revealed that lignin has the greatest impact on revenue. This report proves that multi‐product biorefineries provide better sustainability. The concepts of solvent recycling and reuse, and key challenges to the commercialization of this design approach, were also discussed. The application of NADES in biorefineries, has several advantages, making the implementation of NADES a key feature for increased sustainability in this industry.

  • Technologia wytwarzania opakowań PET dla produktów wrażliwych
    • Waldemar Karaszewski
    2020 Żródło. Wody i napoje butelkowane

    W artykule przedstawiono nowoczesne, liniowe maszyny rozdmuchowe przeznaczone do wytwarzania opakowań (butelek) PET metodą rozdmuchu z preform. Opisano systemy umożliwiające zmniejszenie zużycia energii elektrycznej niezbędnej do wytworzenia jednego opakowania PET.

  • Technological and Media Platforms: Redefinition of Meanings as Symbolic Power over the Discourse
    • Jan Kreft
    2020 Pełny tekst

    Redefining the meanings of such social terms as “likes” and “friends” on Facebook is a popular practice. In terms of consistency, the (auto)-redefinition of the term “platform” is itself particularly important from a media management perspective. The article proposes to consider the redefinition of meanings as a form of wielding non-transparent power over discourse. From this perspective, redefining a meaning is a form of holding symbolic power, i.e. imposing meaning and thus concealing the system of powers existing at its base. The article is theoretical in its nature and complements the framework that explains how, by redefining and imposing new meanings, media and technology platform managing companies can use a new interpretation of the relationship between the organization and the user and other entities. The aim of the article is to stimulate research on the redefinition of meanings as a form of media management by providing a new theoretical perspective. Hermeneutics, that provides a framework for looking at the redefinition of meanings, was taken as the theoretical perspective.

  • Technological capability dynamics through cluster organizations
    • Anna Lis
    • Małgorzata Rozkwitalska
    2020 Pełny tekst Baltic Journal of Management

    Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to portrait how members of cluster organizations (COs) perceive the role of COs in enabling them to accumulate technological capability (TC) significant for their innovation. Design/methodology/approach – The authors report the findings from their qualitative study based on an analysis of four COs. The organizational inertia and absorptive capacity (AC) theories are the theoretical underpinning of the research. Findings – The study shows that the dynamics of TC of the cluster companies included in the study sample relates to their initial level of TC and cluster cooperation. The companies with relatively low initial TC increase it through COs if the clusters offer comparatively high benefits. On the other hand, those COs’ members that present relatively high initial TC advance it, provided that the external knowledge and other benefits they can absorb in their clusters are suited to their technological trajectories. Research implications/limitations – The research is preliminary in nature and portrays how firms with different levels of TC cooperate within COs and how this cooperation translates into TC improvements. The findings add to the state-of-the-art knowledge on the link between TC and AC of companies involved in COs by depicting the role of COs in providing knowledge and other cluster benefits that help cluster companies to accumulate TC and improve their AC. Nevertheless, the applied methodology does not allow the authors to generalize the findings. Practical implications – The coordinators of COs should skillfully shape the levels of cluster cooperation, matching them to the desired level of the cluster companies. They should create smaller subgroups composed of companies with similar TC, which may translate into its higher dynamics. Originality/value – The knowledge about the role of COs in providing cluster benefits that help cluster companies to accumulate TC and improve their AC is still insufficient. The study shed new light on the key role of the levels of cluster cooperation and the types of commitment related to them (i.e. technological effort), which may be a matter of importance in the dynamics of TC accumulation.

  • Tecnología y Democracia ¿Un amor de pandemia o una relación estable?
    • Robert Krimmer
    • David Duenas Cid
    2020

    Prologar una obra como esta es un privilegio y una responsabilidad. Es un privilegio en tanto que da paso a un seguido de contribuciones de gran calado y relevancia académica que contribuyen a la mejora del conocimiento existente acerca de la relación entre la tecnología y el funcionamiento de la democracia. Es una responsabilidad en el sentido que debe poner sobre la mesa algunas de las cuestiones abiertas de la disciplina y como se engarzan con la motivación que reside detrás de esta propuesta editorial, en un momento en que es más necesaria que nunca. Sabiendo de la complejidad de este cometido, queremos arrojar algunas ideas que sirvan para enmarcar la relación que existe entre los dos conceptos en liza en: tecnología, democracia y su (a nuestro entender, necesaria) interrelación.

  • Telomere uncapping by common oxidative guanine lesions: Insights from atomistic models
    • Miłosz Wieczór
    • Jacek Czub
    2020 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

    Oxidative damage to DNA is widely known to contribute to aging and disease. This relationship has been extensively studied for telomeres – structures that cap chromosome ends – due to their role in cell proliferation and senescence, and exceptional susceptibility to oxidation. Indeed, the repetitive telomeric DNA sequence contains the 5′-GGG-3′ motif that has the lowest ionization potential of all trinucleotides. Accordingly, experiments consistently show that telomeric oxidative lesions are more abundant and persistent than elsewhere in the genome. This led to a hypothesis that telomeres act as sensors of prolonged oxidative stress and prevent carcinogenesis, as disruption of telomeric integrity triggers senescence or apoptosis. Here, we use atomistic alchemical Molecular Dynamics simulations to perform a combinatorial assessment of changes in DNA binding affinity of telomeric proteins induced by oxidative guanine lesions. We rank lesions by their effect on telomere integrity, as well as telomeric proteins by their sensitivity to DNA oxidation. While the binding of most proteins is abolished by DNA oxidation, HOT1 emerges as a notable exception, suggesting its potential role in sensing of oxidative damage. Through statistical analysis and free energy decomposition, we also identify common trends in structural responses of protein-DNA complexes that contribute to decreased binding affinity.