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Politechniki Gdańskiej

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  • Antibacterial Porous Systems Based on Polylactide Loaded with Amikacin
    • Marta Glinka
    • Katerina Filatova
    • Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
    • Tomáš Šopík
    • Eva Domincová Bergerová
    • Veronika Mikulcová
    • Andrzej Wasik
    • Vladimir Sedlařík
    2022 Pełny tekst MOLECULES

    Three porous matrices based on poly(lactic acid) are proposed herein for the controlled release of amikacin. The materials were fabricated by the method of spraying a surface liquid. Description is given as to the possibility of employing a modifier, such as a silica nanocarrier, for prolonging the release of amikacin, in addition to using chitosan to improve the properties of the materials, e.g., stability and sorption capacity. Depending on their actual composition, the materials exhibited varied efficacy for drug loading, as follows: 25.4 ± 2.2 µg/mg (matrices with 0.05% w/v of chitosan), 93 ± 13 µg/mg (with 0.08% w/v SiO2 amikacin modified nanoparticles), and 96 ± 34 µg/mg (matrices without functional additives). An in vitro study confirmed extended release of the drug (amikacin, over 60 days), carried out in accordance with the mathematical Kosmyer– Pepas model for all the materials tested. The matrices were also evaluated for their effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Concurrent research was conducted on the transdermal absorption, morphology, elemental composition, and thermogravimetric properties of the released drug.

  • Antibacterial properties of laser-encapsulated titanium oxide nanotubes decorated with nanosilver and covered with chitosan/Eudragit polymers
    • Łukasz Pawłowski
    • Jakub Wawrzyniak
    • Adrianna Banach-Kopeć
    • Bartłomiej Cieślik
    • Kacper Jurak
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Robert Tylingo
    • Katarzyna Siuzdak
    • Andrzej Zieliński
    2022 Pełny tekst Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

    To provide antibacterial properties, the titanium samples were subjected to electrochemical oxidation in the fluoride-containing diethylene glycol-based electrolyte to create a titanium oxide nanotubular surface. Afterward, the surface was covered by sputtering with silver 5 nm film, and the tops of the nanotubes were capped using laser treatment, resulting in an appearance of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of around 30 nm in diameter on such a modified surface. To ensure a controlled release of the bactericidal substance, the samples were additionally coated with a pH-sensitive chitosan/Eudragit 100 coating, also exhibiting bactericidal properties. The modified titanium samples were characterized using SEM, EDS, AFM, Raman, and XPS techniques. The wettability, corrosion properties, adhesion of the coating to the substrate, the release of AgNPs into solutions simulating body fluids at different pH, and antibacterial properties were further investigated. The obtained composite coatings were hydrophilic, adjacent to the surface, and corrosion-resistant. An increase in the amount of silver released as ions or metallic particles into a simulated body fluid solution at acidic pH was observed for modified samples with the biopolymer coating after three days of exposure avoiding burst effect. The proposed modification was effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

  • Antibiotic resistance in wastewater, does the context matter? Poland and Portugal as a case study
    • Ivone Vaz-moreira
    • Harnisz Monika
    • Joana Abreu-Silva
    • Rolbiecki Damian
    • Ewa Korzeniewska
    • Aneta Łuczkiewicz
    • Célia M Manaia
    • Grażyna Plaza
    2022 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    Antibiotic resistance has been considered a major human health threat that may endanger the success of medicine. Recent studies have unveiled worldwide asymmetries of antibiotic resistance occurrence, being factors as diverse as climate, socioeconomic, or antibiotic use possible drivers of such asymmetric distribution. In Europe, where clinical antibiotic resistance is surveyed for more than 20 years, the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) consistently describes an increasing gradient from North-to-South and from West-to-East. This observation motivated the current perspective paper aiming to qualitatively compare two countries located at the extreme latitude of Europe and also at distant longitude – Poland in the Central-East region and Portugal in the South-West. Both countries have been among those with the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings, although as it is discussed, climate, socioeconomic factors, and antibiotic use are different. In general, in Poland higher antibiotic consumption and resistance prevalence is observed, mainly at the community level, when compared to Portugal. However, in Portugal, treated wastewater may hold identical or slightly higher resistance loads. Based on these observations, it is discussed how different factors may influence the abundance of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and genes in wastewater before and after treatment.

  • Antibiotic resistance, virulence, and phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli strains isolated from free-living birds in human habitats
    • Bartosz Rybak
    • Beata Krawczyk
    • Beata Furmanek-Blaszk
    • Magdalena Wysocka
    • Magdalena Fordon
    • Pawel Ziolkowski
    • Wlodzimierz Meissner
    • Katarzyna Stepniewska
    • Katarzyna Sikorska
    2022 Pełny tekst PLOS ONE

    Wild birds can be colonized by bacteria, which are often resistant to antibiotics and have various virulence profiles. The aim of this study was to analyze antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence profiles in relation to the phylogenetic group of E. coli strains that were isolated from the GI tract of wildfowl. Out of 241 faecal samples, presence of E. coli resistant to a cephalosporin (ESBL/AmpC) was estimated for 33 isolates (13,7%). Based on the analysis of the coexistence of 4 genes encoding ESBLs/AmpC (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaAmpC) and class 1 and 2 integrons genes (intI1, intI2) a subset of two resistance profiles was observed among the investigated E. coli isolates carrying blaAmpC, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M, blaTEM, class 1 and 2 integrons, respectively. The E. coli isolates were categorized into 4 phylogenetic groups A (39.4%), B2 (24.25%), D (24.25%) and B1 (12.1%). The pathogenic B2 and D groups were mainly typical for the Laridae family. Among the 28 virulence factors (Vfs) detected in pathogenic phylogenetic groups B2 and D, 7 were exclusively found in those groups (sfa, vat, tosA, tosB, hly, usp, cnf), while 4 VFs (fecA, fyuA, irp2, kspMTII) showed a statistically significant association (P≤0.05) with phylogroups A and B1. Our results indicated that strains belonging to commensal phylogroups A/B1 possess extensive iron acquisition systems (93,9%) and autotransporters (60,6%), typical for pathogens, hence we suggest that these strains evolve towards higher levels of virulence. This study, which is a point assessment of the virulence and drug resistance potential of wild birds, confirms the importance of taking wild birds as a reservoir of strains that pose a growing threat to humans. The E. coli analyzed in our study derive from different phylogenetic groups and possess an arsenal of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors that contribute to their ability to cause diseases.

  • Antiferromagnetic Order in the Rare-Earth Halide Perovskites CsEuBr3 and CsEuCl3
    • Daniel B. Straus
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Xianghan Xu
    • Robert J. Cava
    2022 CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS

    Bulk CsEuBr3 and CsEuCl3 are experimentally shown to be magnetic semiconductors that order antiferromagnetically at Néel temperatures of 2.0 K and 1.0 K, respectively. Given that nanoparticles and thin films of CsEuCl3 have been reported to order ferromagnetically at a similar temperature, our observation of antiferromagnetic ordering in CsEuBr3 and CsEuCl3 expands the possible applications of halide perovskites to now include spintronic devices where both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic devices can be fabricated from a single material. The conclusion that CsEuCl3 can be used as a switchable magnetic material is also supported by our density-functional theory calculations.

  • Antifungal Effect of Penicillamine Due to the Selective Targeting of L-Homoserine O-Acetyltransferase
    • Aleksandra Kuplińska
    • Kamila Rząd
    • Marek Wojciechowski
    • Sławomir Milewski
    • Iwona Gabriel
    2022 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    Due to the apparent similarity of fungal and mammalian metabolic pathways, the number of established antifungal targets is low, and the identification of novel ones is highly desirable. The results of our studies, presented in this work, indicate that the fungal biosynthetic pathway of L-methionine, an amino acid essential for humans, seems to be an attractive perspective. The MET2 gene from Candida albicans encoding L-homoserine O-acetyltransferase (CaMet2p), an enzyme catalyzing the first step in that pathway, was cloned and expressed as the native or the oligo-His-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzymes were purified and characterized for their basic molecular properties and substrate specificities. The purified MET2 gene product revealed the appropriate activity, catalyzed the conversion of L-homoserine (L-Hom) to O-acetyl-L-homoserine (OALH), and exhibited differential sensitivity to several L-Hom or OALH analogues, including penicillamine. Surprisingly, both penicillamine enantiomers (L- and D-Pen) displayed comparable inhibitory effects.The esults of the docking of L- and D-Pen to the model of CaMet2p confirmed that both enantiomeric forms of the inhibitor are able to bind to the catalytic site of the enzyme with similar affinities and a similar binding mode. The sensitivity of some fungal cells to L-Pen, depending on the presence or absence of L-Met in the medium, clearly indicate Met2p targeting. Moreover, C. glabrata clinical strains that are resistant to fluconazole displayed a similar susceptibility to L-Pen as the wild-type strains. Our results prove the potential usefulness of Met2p as a molecular target for antifungal chemotherapy.

  • Anti-plane waves in an elastic thin strip with surface energy
    • Gennadi Mikhasev
    • Marina Botogova
    • Victor Eremeev
    2022 Pełny tekst PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES

    We consider anti-plane motions of an elastic plate taking into account surface energy within the linear Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity. Two boundary-value problems are considered that describe complete shear dynamics of a plate with free faces or with free and clamped faces, respectively. These problems correspond to anti-plane dynamics of an elastic film perfectly or non-perfectly attached to a rigid substrate. Detailed analysis of dispersion relations is provided. In particular, the influence of the ratio of a plate thickness to characteristic length on the dispersion curves is analysed.

  • Aplikacja demonstrująca działanie kodów fontannowych
    • Kamila Haustein
    • Marek Blok
    2022 Pełny tekst Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

    Istotną cechą kodów fontannowych jest możliwość odtwarzania nadawanych danych niezależnie od jakości kanału. Wynika to z tego, że kody te nie mają z góry założonej zawartości informacyjnej, a kolejne symbole nadmiarowe są generowane, dopóki jest taka potrzeba. Jest to szczególnie przydatne w transmisjach broadcastowych, bo każdy z odbiorców może zdekodować dane tak wcześnie, na ile pozwala jakość łącza. Aby przybliżyć funkcjonowanie tych kodów studentom, powstała zaprezentowana w pracy aplikacja demonstrująca ich kodowanie i dekodowanie.

  • Application analysis of a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system for marine power plants
    • Serhiy Serbin
    • Nikolay Washchilenko
    • Oleksandr Cherednichenko
    • Kateryna Burunsuz
    • Marek Dzida
    • Daifen Chen
    2022 Pełny tekst Ships and Offshore Structures

    The results of theoretical studies of the possibilities of using hybrid solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine (SOFC-GT) systems for marine power plants are presented. A 500 kW auxiliary marine power plant scheme using stacks of SOFCs in combination with a regenerative gas turbine operating with over-expansion based on our recent patent application is proposed. The results of mathematical modelling showed the opportunity to obtain a hybrid scheme efficiency of about 55% with the optimal values of the gas turbine compression ratio 2.0–2.2 and the exhauster compressor ratio 1.3–1.4. The application of the considered hybrid SOFC-GT system gives an increase in electrical efficiency by 19% in comparison with a cycle without a gas turbine. The aerodynamic structure of chemically reacting flows in a combustor is determined, as well as the features of the formation of toxic components during the combustion of SOFC off-gas with very low heating value

  • Application of a Gas Sensor Array to Effectiveness Monitoring of Air Contaminated with Toluene Vapors Absorption Process
    • Dominik Dobrzyniewski
    • Bartosz Szulczyński
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2022 Pełny tekst Journal of Ecological Engineering

    This article demonstrates the application of a gas sensor array to monitor the effectiveness of the absorption process of air stream purification from odorous compounds (toluene vapors). A self-constructed matrix consisting of five commercially available gas sensors was used. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was selected as the statistical technique used to calibrate the matrice. Gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used as a reference analytical technique, which enabled to obtain reliable quantitative determinations of toluene concentration in the samples. A commercially available absorption liquid dedicated to non-polar compounds was used as an absorbent. The process was carried out in two identical systems: in first, pure toluene was absorbed and in the second, toluene vapor contaminated with acetone. This approach allowed verifying the selectivity of the prepared MLR calibration model for process control in the case of the presence of more or less expected pollutants in the treated gas. The results obtained with the gas sensor array were related to the reference technique and they confirm the usefulness and advisability of using these devices to monitor the absorption processes as a cheaper and more time-efficient alternative to chromatographic methods. The root mean square error (RMSE) in absorptivity determination between the results received with the analytical and sensor techniques was 0.019 and 0.041 when treating pure toluene vapors and its vapors with acetone, respectively. Compared to instrumental techniques, sensor matrices are technologically less complex, useful for laboratory purposes, as well as showing application potential for field studies. However, it is necessary to develop more sensitive and selective chemical gas sensor arrays and better master advanced data processing and identification techniques.

  • Application of a hybrid mechanistic/machine learning model for prediction of nitrous oxide (N2O) production in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor
    • Mohamad-Javad Mehrani
    • Faramarz Bagherzadeh
    • Min Zheng
    • Przemysław Kowal
    • Dominika Sobotka
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    2022 Pełny tekst PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

    Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a key parameter for evaluating the greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants. In this study, a new method for predicting liquid N2O production during nitrification was developed based on a mechanistic model and machine learning (ML) algorithm. The mechanistic model was first used for simulation of two 15-day experimental trials in a nitrifying sequencing batch reactor. Then, model predictions (NH4-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, MLSS, MLVSS) along with the recorded online measurements (DO, pH, temperature) were used as input data for the ML models. The data from the experiments at 20 °C and 12 °C, respectively, were used for training and testing of three ML algorithms, including artificial neural network (ANN), gradient boosting machine (GBM), and support vector machine (SVM). The best predictive model was the ANN algorithm and that model was further subjected to the 95% confidence interval analysis for calculation of the true data probability and estimating an error range of the data population. Moreover, Feature Selection (FS) techniques, such as Pearson correlation and Random Forest, were used to identify the most relevant parameters influencing liquid N2O predictions. The results of FS analysis showed that NH4-N, followed by NO2-N had the highest correlation with the liquid N2O production. With the proposed ap- proach, a prompt method was obtained for enhancing prediction of the liquid N2O concentrations for short- term studies with the limited availability of measured data.

  • Application of deep eutectic solvents in atomic absorption spectrometry
    • Vasil Andruch
    • Radoslav Halko
    • Jozef Tuček
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2022 Pełny tekst TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) is a widely applied technique for metal quantification due to its practicality, easy use and low cost. However, to improve the metrological characteristics of AAS, in particular the sensitivity and the detection limit, sample pretreatment is commonly used before the detection step itself. In consideration of the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry, new solvents are being introduced into analytical practice. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are often employed in the sample preparation prior to AAS due to their unique properties. This article deals with the potential of DES for the separation of metals and metalloids followed by AAS quantification. The primary focus is on DES employed in various liquideliquid microextraction procedures, such UA-LPME, VA-LPME and DLLME; however, examples of less frequently occurring combinations are also presented. We believe that this review can be useful for readers as a starting point for future research in the field of DESs and their application in AAS.

  • Application of deep eutectic solvents in bioanalysis
    • Vasil Andruch
    • Alica Varfalvyová
    • Radoslav Halko
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    2022 Pełny tekst TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    The application of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) is sharply surging as a green alternative to conventional solvents due to their unique properties in terms of simplicity of preparation, designability and low cost. A great deal of attention has been paid to the application of these green solvents in analytical chemistry in recent years, and a lot of interesting work has been reported. This review summarizes the most relevant applications of DESs in bioanalysis related to both sample preparation and analyte quantification. Special attention is devoted to the discussion of practical applications for various types of biological samples (blood, plasma, serum, urine, saliva, hair, tear, sweat), with a focus on the advantages of DES-based methods over traditional ones. We cover the articles that were available online up to the end of January 2022. The applications of the reported techniques are summarized in tables.

  • Application of Doubly Connected Dominating Sets to Safe Rectangular Smart Grids
    • Joanna Cyman
    • Joanna Raczek
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    Smart grids, together with the Internet of Things, are considered to be the future of the electric energy world. This is possible through a two-way communication between nodes of the grids and computer processing. It is necessary that the communication is easy and safe, and the distance between a point of demand and supply is short, to reduce the electricity loss. All these requirements should be met at the lowest possible cost. In this paper, we study a two-dimensional rectangular grid graph which is considered to be a model of a smart grid; nodes of the graph represent points and devices of the smart grid, while links represent possible ways of communication and energy transfer. We consider the problem of choosing the lowest possible number of locations (nodes, points) of the grid which could serve as energy sources (or a source of different resources) to other nodes in such a way that we ensure reduction in electricity loss and provide safe communication and resistance to failures and increases in energy demand.Therefore, we study minimum doubly connected dominating sets in grid graphs. We show that the proposed solutions are the best possible in terms of the number of source points for the case of narrow grid graphs and we give upper and lower bounds for the case of wide grid graphs.

  • Application of g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposites for fabrication of anti-fouling polymer membranes with dye and protein rejection superiority
    • Vahid Vatanpour
    • Seyed Soroush Mousavi Khadem
    • Ahmad Dehqan
    • Shadi Paziresh
    • Mohammad Ganjali
    • Mehdi Mehrpooya
    • Eslam Pourbasheer
    • Alireza Badiei
    • Amin Esmaeili
    • Ismail Koyuncu
    • Ghasem Naderi
    • Navid Rabiee
    • Otman Abida
    • Sajjad Habibzadeh
    • Mohammad Saeb
    2022 JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE

    Polysulfone (PSf) membranes are privileged for water and wastewater treatment, but because of their hydrophobic nature, they suffer from fouling, which lowers their performance and lifetime. In this work, g-C3N4 and g-C3N4/ZnO nanomaterials were synthesized via a hydrothermal method to modify the PSf membrane for effective dye separation and reduction of organic fouling. Since g-C3N4/ZnO possesses –OH and –NH reactive groups, g-C3N4/ZnO/PSf membrane revealed higher porosity, hydrophilicity, negative surface charge, and lower contact angle. The results of filtration analysis also showed a higher performance for nanomembranes with respect to the neat PSf. Permeability and fouling resistance of neat PSf membrane were well below those of nanocomposite membranes, such that by incorporation of 0.5 wt% g-C3N4/ZnO nanocomposite in PSf they significantly improved to 85.93 L/m2 h bar and 90%, respectively. The rejection rate was also increased for both types of dyes used in this study (99.9% for Reactive green 19 and 85.5% for Reactive Yellow 160). The outcome of this research would suggest the application of graphitic nitride nanomaterials for developing highly efficient polymer membranes.

  • Application of mechanistic and data-driven models for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment systems
    • Mohammad Javad Mehrani
    2022 Pełny tekst

    In this dissertation, the application of mechanistic and data-driven models in nitrogen removal systems including nitrification and deammonification processes was evaluated. In particular, the influential parameters on the activity of the Nitrospira activity were assessed using response surface methodology (RSM). Various long-term biomass washout experiments were operated in two parallel sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a different temperature, aeration mode and substrates and were used for the modelling data source. In the next step, three extension models for the complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) process were developed using the GPS-X simulation software. The extensions were incorporated in the conventional two-step nitrification model. The developed comammox model accurately predicted nitrogen species, biomass concentrations and microbiological indexes. In addition, the contribution of the comammox in nitrogen conversion was generated using Sankey graphs under different operational conditions. Moreover, prediction of the N2O emission in the liquid phase during the nitrification systems was evaluated using hybrid mechanistic/machine learning (ML) method (GPS-X and python programming). In addition, various feature selections (FS) was applied to figure out the effective factors on the production of the N2O emission in the SBR nitrification systems. Finally, a model-based optimization of aeration was performed using GPS-X on the mainstream deammonification system was carried out, in which the DO value and on/off ratio were the variables and N removal rate (NRR) and N removal efficiency (NRE) were the target of optimization.

  • Application of Multinomial Logistic Regression to Model the Impact of Rainfall Genesis on the Performance of Storm Overflows: Case Study
    • Bartosz Szeląg
    • Roman Suligowski
    • Grzegorz Majewski
    • Przemysław Kowal
    • Adrian Bralewski
    • Karolina Bralewska
    • Ewa Anioł
    • Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska
    • Francesco De Paola
    2022 WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

    In this study, a mathematical model was proposed to analyze the performance of storm overfows. The model included the infuence of rainfall genesis on the duration of storm overfow, its volume, and the maximum instantaneous fow. The multinomial logistic regression model, which has not been used so far to model objects located in a stormwater system, was proposed to simulate the duration of storm overfow. The Iman–Conover method, using the theoretical cumulative distributions determined on the basis of 45 – year rainfall sequences, was adopted to simulate the rainfall characteristics describing the overfow performance (total and maximum 30-min rainfall depth and duration). The simulations showed a signifcant impact of rainfall genesis on the parameters of the storm overfow. The model and the results presented in this study can be used at the stage of dimensioning storm overfows and to create an early warning system against undesirable phenomena in the stormwater system within urban catchments.

  • Application of persulfate-based oxidation processes to address diverse sustainability challenges: A critical review
    • Dagang Lin
    • Yu Fu
    • Xiaodie Li
    • Lingli Wang
    • Meiru Hou
    • Dongdong Hu
    • Qingchao Li
    • Zhen Zhang
    • Chunxiao Xu
    • Sifan Qiu
    • Zhaohui Wang
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2022 JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

    Over the past years, persulfate (PS) is widely applied due to their high versatility and efficacy in decontamination and sterilization. While treatment of organic chemicals, remediation of soil and groundwater, sludge treatment, disinfection on pathogen microorganisms have been covered by most published reviews, there are no comprehensive and specific reviews on its application to address diverse sustainability challenges, including solid waste treatment, resources recovery and regeneration of ecomaterials. PS applications mainly rely on direct oxidation by PS itself or the reactive sulfate radical (SO4•−) or hydroxyl radical (•OH) from the activation of peroxodisulfate (PDS, S2O82−) or peroxymonosulfate (PMS, HSO5−) in SO4•−-based advanced oxidation processes (SO4•−-AOPs). From a broader perspective of environmental cleanup and sustainability, this review summarizes the various applications of PS except pollutant decontamination and elaborates the possible reaction mechanisms. Additionally, the differences between PS treatment and conventional technologies are highlighted. Challenges, research needs and future prospect are thus discussed to promote the development of the applications of PS-based oxidation processes in niche environmental fields. In all, this review is a call to pay more attention to the possibilities of PS application in practical resource reutilization and environmental protection except widely reported pollutant degradation.

  • Application of the 2-deoxyglucose scaffold as a new chiral probe for elucidation of the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols
    • Alicja Trocka
    • Katarzyna Szwarc-Karabyka
    • Sławomir Makowiec
    • Tomasz Laskowski
    2022 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Herein, we present the application of 2-deoxy-D-glucose derivatives as chiral probes for elucidation of the absolute configuration of chiral secondary alcohols. The probes are attached to the studied molecules via glycosylation reaction and the resulting products are examined by a set of standard 2D NMR experiments. The absolute configuration of an oxymethine carbon atom binding the probe is established on a basis of a set of diagnostic dipolar couplings (NOEs/ROEs). These correlations may be considered diagnostic due to a pronounced lack of conformational freedom of the formed glycosidic linkage. While the chance for an observation of the diagnostic signals is the highest when the resulting glycoside in an α-anomer. 2-deoxy-D-glucose was selected as a probe of choice since is it known to strongly prefer the formation of α-glycosides

  • Application of the corrosion tester in corrosion tests using the acoustic emission method.
    • Krzysztof Emilianowicz
    • Milena Supernak
    • Agnieszka Ossowska
    2022 Pełny tekst Polish Maritime Research

    The article presents an innovative method of corrosion tests using the acoustic emission method and the corrosion tester. The problem of corrosion occurring in ballast tanks and tanks carrying petroleum products is discussed. The acoustic method is presented which, due to the use of a unique corrosion tester, is used to monitor the course of corrosion processes in steel. The principle of operation of the corrosion tester, its construction and its use in Non Destructive Testing (NDT) are described in detail. Corrosion test results, obtained with the use of a corrosion tester, are presented. An analysis and a short discussion of the obtained results are given. The results of both the acoustic and metallographic tests prove the possibility of detecting material damage occurring during the operation of the corrosion tester, allowing determination of the course and type of corrosion damage.