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Polyether-block-amide PEBA membranes for gas separation and pervaporation; current design and applications
- Thais Gonzalez
- Roberto Castro Munoz
- Myleidi Vera
- Gastón Merlet
- Luis Pino-Soto
- Rene Cabezas
2024 JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Polyether-block-amide (PEBA) membranes have attracted considerable attention for their exceptional efficacy in gas separation and pervaporation processes. This comprehensive review delves into the precise definition, distinguishing characteristics, and diverse applications of PEBA membranes over the past five years. A primary research objective focuses on enhancing gas separation efficiency, primarily through augmenting membrane selectivity. Explorations include integrating nanoparticles and formulating blended systems comprising various liquids or polymers, all aimed at enhancing performance and selectivity within PEBA membranes. Prevalent membrane fabrication methodologies, including casting and electrospinning, prominently employ solvents such as butanol and ethanol. Notably, the focal point of gas separation research lies in the selective segregation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from other gases. An exhaustive evaluation of PEBA membrane permeability and selectivity concerning CO2 separation emerges as indispensable for its seamless integration into gas separation processes. Concurrently, pervaporation investigations encompass the partitioning of organic compounds, encompassing alcohols, from aqueous solutions. The ongoing trajectory of research and development in PEBA membrane technology portends significant promise in addressing pressing environmental challenges and propelling advancements across diverse industrial domains.
Polymer and graphitic carbon nitride based nanohybrids for the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment – A review
- Muhammad Rohan Khizer
- Zohaib Saddique
- Muhammad Imran
- Ayesha Javaid
- Shoomaila Latif
- Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Malwina Momotko
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2024 SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
Pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, have been frequently detected in water reservoirs, in concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L, owing to their wide use in treatment of human and animal disease. Their uncontrolled use results in their increased release into the environment which is harmful for humans, animals, aquatic life and aquatic system. To remove these pollutants from water bodies, various processes including adsorption, membrane and bioreactors have been employed. Among them photocatalysis is one of the most advantageous treatment. Application of advanced chemical treatment, including advanced oxidation or reduction processes (AOPs or ARPs) based on organic–inorganic nanohybrids (OINHs) as photocatalysts revealed high effectiveness. OINHs are combination of two or more components which are organic and inorganic in nature. These materials have been synthesized by various methods and offers novel features owing to synergistic effect of their component. These materials are synthesized through sol–gel, surface functionalization, one pot synthesis, wrapping, and electrospinning methods. Organic components are essential in enhancing photocatalytic activity through increasing stability, surface area, functionality and light responsiveness of nanohybrid. Reports suggest > 99 % degradation of studied pharmaceuticals by these type of photocatalysts in time range of 30–60 min. High effectiveness was reported for carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen, paracetamol, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. This review summarizes recent literature on application of OINHs i.e. graphene oxide, g-C3N4, and polymer based nanohybrids, in photocatalytic removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater via AOPs while elaborating on toxicity of pharmaceuticals, synthesis of OINHs and degradation mechanism of pharmaceutical drugs. Besides, current challenges faced in this field as well as future recommendations are discussed.
Polymer derived SiOC/Sn nanocomposites from a low-cost single source precursor as anode materials for lithium storage applications
- Gurdial Blugan
- Natalia Kovalska
- Dominik Knozowski
- Pradeep V.W. Sasikumar
- Wim J. Malfait
- Silvia Paz
- Piotr Madajski
- Mateusz Leśniewski
- Mirosław Sawczak
- Balanand Santhosh
- Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka
- Matthias M. Koebel
2024 Pełny tekst Journal of Energy Storage
Metal- based materials capable of lithium (Li) alloy formation are key to realization of the next generation of high-energy density anodes for Li-ion batteries, owing to their high storage capacity. Designing a good sup- porting matrix is essential for homogeneously nesting these metallic nanodomains, to effectively utilize their high capacity while tackling the volume expansion issues. Silicon oxycarbides (SiOC), obtained via a polymer derived approach, have recently gained interest as efficient host matrices. However, the high price and limited availability of the precursors for these ceramics present a challenge for their use at a commercial level. Sn nanoparticles, measuring less than 100 nm in size, are formed in-situ within the amorphous SiOC matrix using an economical single-source precursor. The polymeric precursor was indigenously developed from a novel, low cost vinyl functionalized polysiloxane and tin dioleate as the Sn source. Tin dioleate at different wt%, viz. 33–56 %, was uniformly crosslinked with the Q-T polysiloxane and was pyrolysed at 1000 ◦C in an argon atmosphere to obtain the SiOC/Sn nanocomposites. The electrochemical characterization of SiOC/Sn ceramic nanocomposite anodes exhibit outstanding specific capacities of 650 and 750 mAh g 1 at 372 and 18.6 mA g 1, respectively after 400 charge/discharge cycles.
Polymeric porous membranes as solid support and protective material in microextraction processes: A review
- Lutfi Yahya
- Marek Tobiszewski
- Paweł Kubica
- Stanislawa Koronkiewicz
- Christina Vakh
2024 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Polymeric porous membranes have proven to be a versatile and efficient material for microextraction processes. In analytical practice, they are used both as a solid support and as a protective medium for improved sample preparation in various analytical applications. Polymeric porous membranes offer unique advantages in microextraction due to their large surface area and controllable pore size, eliminating interfering effects from complex sample matrices and improving the selectivity of the analysis. This review summarizes key aspects of the application of polymeric porous membranes in liquid- and solid-phase microextraction, addresses challenges and advances of their implementation in the chemical analysis of food, biological and environmental samples. The novel view into the polymeric porous membranes include greenness assessment of the methods used for their synthesis as well as solvents applied during the technological process.
Polysaccharide nanocomposites in wastewater treatment: A review
- Hussein Al-Hazmi
- Justyna Łuczak
- Sajjad Habibzadeh
- Mohamed S. Hasanin
- Ali Mohammadi
- Amin Esmaeili
- Seokjhin Kim
- Mohsen Khodadadi Yazdi
- Navid Rabiee
- Michael Badawi
- Mohammad Saeb
2024 Pełny tekst CHEMOSPHERE
In modern times, wastewater treatment is vital due to increased water contamination arising from pollutants such as nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical residues. Polysaccharides (PSAs) are natural, renewable, and non-toxic biopolymers used in wastewater treatment in the field of gas separation, liquid filtration, adsorption processes, pervaporation, and proton exchange membranes. Since addition of nanoparticles to PSAs improves their sustainability and strength, nanocomposite PSAs has gained significant attention for wastewater treatment in the past decade. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of PSA-based nanocomposites used for efficient wastewater treatment, focusing on adsorption, photocatalysis, and membrane-based methods. It also discusses potential future applications, challenges, and opportunities in adsorption, filtration, and photocatalysis. Recently, PSAs have shown promise as adsorbents in biological-based systems, effectively removing heavy metals that could hinder microbial activity. Cellulose-mediated adsorbents have successfully removed various pollutants from wastewater, including heavy metals, dyes, oil, organic solvents, pesticides, and pharmaceutical residues. Thus, PSA nanocomposites would support biological processes in wastewater treatment plants. A major concern is the discharge of antibiotic wastes from pharmaceutical industries, posing significant environmental and health risks. PSA-mediated bio-adsorbents, like clay polymeric nanocomposite hydrogel beads, efficiently remove antibiotics from wastewater, ensuring water quality and ecosystem balance. The successful use of PSA-mediated bio-adsorbents in wastewater treatment depends on ongoing research to optimize their application and evaluate their potential environmental impacts. Implementing these eco-friendly adsorbents on a large scale holds great promise in significantly reducing water pollution, safeguarding ecosystems, and protecting human health.
Polyurethane Glycerolysate as a Modifier of the Properties of Natural Rubber Mixtures and Vulcanizates
- Marcin Włoch
- Maksymilian Toruńczak
- Janusz Datta
2024 Pełny tekst Materials
Chemical recycling of polyurethanes can be realized in several different ways, but the most important methods are glycolysis and glycerolysis. Both methods permit recovery of polyols (when the process is realized with the mass excess of depolymerizing agent) or substitutes of polyols, which contain urethane moieties in the main chains and terminate mainly in hydroxyl groups (when the process is realized with the mass excess of depolymerized polyurethane). Oligomeric products with urethane groups in the chemical structure can also be used as modifiers of rubber mixtures and vulcanizates. The main aim of the presented work is to study the effect of polyurethane glycerolysate on the performance of natural rubber mixtures and vulcanizates. The influence of the modifier on the vulcanization kinetics and swelling of rubber mixtures, and the thermo-mechanical and mechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates, was studied. The prepared materials were also subjected to accelerated thermal aging in air. It was found that polyurethane glycerolysate affects the vulcanization process of rubber mixtures (for example, promotes the activation of vulcanization) and acts as an antidegradant under thermoxidative conditions (higher stability of mechanical properties was observed in comparison to a reference sample without modifier). The obtained results show that chemical recycling products can be valuable modifiers of natural rubber mixtures and vulcanizates, which extends the possible applications of polyurethane chemical recycling products.
Polyurethane-based aerogels: Preparation, properties, and applications
- Marcin Włoch
2024
Polyurethane aerogels (PUAs) are interesting materials because of their high porosity, low density, and low thermal conductivity, which result in their application as thermal insulations. PUAs are mainly synthesized using di- and polyisocyanates, diols or polyols, catalysts (tertiary amines and organometallic), and solvents (which are used as reaction medium, purifying of obtained semiproducts). Preparation procedure involves several steps, which permit to perform the transformation: sol → wet gel → aerogel. The final step of aerogels formation is mostly realized by drying using supercritical carbon dioxide. Obtained aerogels are characterized in the terms of their chemical structure, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties. The main aim of presented work was to review preparation, properties and applications of polyurethane-based aerogels.
POMERANIAN LANDSCAPES OF MODERNIST ZASPA. CONCEPTS OF REVITALISATION OF THE HOUSING ESTATE
- Agnieszka Kurkowska
2024 Pełny tekst Journal of Geography, Politics and Society
Zaspa is a neighbourhood in Gdansk with a long locational history and numerous build-ups. It is situated in a complex landscape between the coastal strip and moraine hills. The housing estates built here in the 1970s followed the postulates of modernist urbanism, ignoring the topographical and natural specifics and the regional heritage. The result was an ergonomic but anonymous space with many current strengths and still apparent deficiencies. As part of the student projects, the topic of revitalising a housing estate was undertaken, especially as it is a global problem. Thus, the working methods can be evaluated and the advantages of these methods adaptable to further case studies can be presented. The article reports on two cycles of a course conducted at the Faculty of Architecture, Gdansk University of Technology. The objectives of the work, the methods and the results are presented with reference to the scale of the global planetary crisis.
Pomiarowa weryfikacja efektywności pracy asynchronicznej metody jednoczesnej estymacji położenia i orientacji obiektu
- Jarosław Sadowski
- Olga Błaszkiewicz
- Krzysztof Cwalina
- Alicja Olejniczak
- Piotr Rajchowski
- Jacek Stefański
2024 Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne
W referacie opisano wyniki pomiarowej weryfikacji efektywności pracy asynchronicznej metody lokalizowania obiektu na płaszczyźnie za pomocą sygnałów lokalizacyjnych wysyłanych jednocześnie z dwóch nadajników umieszczonych na tym obiekcie w znanej odległości od siebie.
Poprawa jakości klasyfikacji głębokich sieci neuronowych poprzez optymalizację ich struktury i dwuetapowy proces uczenia
- Arkadiusz Kwasigroch
2024 Pełny tekst
W pracy doktorskiej podjęto problem realizacji algorytmów głębokiego uczenia w warunkach deficytu danych uczących. Głównym celem było opracowanie podejścia optymalizującego strukturę sieci neuronowej oraz zastosowanie uczeniu dwuetapowym, w celu uzyskania mniejszych struktur, zachowując przy tym dokładności. Proponowane rozwiązania poddano testom na zadaniu klasyfikacji znamion skórnych na znamiona złośliwe i łagodne. W pierwszym etapie badań dokonano analizy wpływu elementów architektury oraz metod uczenia na wyniki. Następnie, w oparciu o uzyskane wyniki, zaproponowano system automatycznego doboru struktury sieci neuronowej oparty o algorytmy ewolucyjne i modyfikacje sieci zachowujące funkcję. Zastosowanie algorytmu umożliwiło redukcję liczby parametrów o 98%, w porównaniu do popularnych sieci VGG. Kolejnym etapem badań była analiza metodami wstępnego uczenia. Przeprowadzono analizę zastosowania wstępnego uczenia w sposób samonadzorowany oraz w sposób nadzorowany. W badaniach wykazano, że połączenie tych metod przynosi lepsze wyniki niż zastosowanie tylko wstępnego uczenia w sposób nadzorowany. Ostatnim etapem badań była integracja metod doboru struktury z metodami wstępnego uczenia. Przeprowadzone badania potwierdziły, że odpowiedni dobór struktury i metody uczenia mają istotny wpływ na dokładność i efektywność modeli.
Porównanie działania transformatora symetryzującego (zygzak) z aktywnym energoelektronicznym symetryzatorem prądów fazowych linii niskiego napięcia
- Marek Adamowicz
- Zbigniew Krzemiński
2024 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
Na potrzeby planowania sieci niskiego napięcia operatorzy systemów dystrybucyjnych (OSD) zakładają symetryczne warunki obciążenia linii. Z roku na rok, rośnie liczba rozproszonych systemów fotowoltaicznych (PV) zainstalowanych w sieciach niskiego napięcia, których większość to małe jednofazowe systemy dachowe. Dodatkowo, do niesymetrii obciążenia przyczyniają się instalowane masowo pompy ciepła i ładowane jednofazowo samochody elektryczne. Ze wzrostem liczby odbiorów jednofazowych i jednofazowej generacji rozproszonej rosną problemy OSD z zapewnieniem jakości napięcia. Symetryzacja obciążeń jest możliwa z wykorzystaniem dedykowanych urządzeń: transformatorów symetryzujących (zygzak) oraz aktywnych urządzeń energoelektronicznych. W artykule porównano działanie transformatora o uzwojeniach połączonych w zygzak oraz aktywnego symetryzatora energoelektronicznego dla różnych przypadków asymetrii obciążenia w linii nN.
Potencjał wdrożenia rozwiązania DSM dla gospodarstw domowych w Polsce
- Wiktoria Stahl
2024 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
Poniższy artykuł prezentuje potencjał realizacji rozwiązania DSM dla odbiorców końcowych jakimi są gospodarstwa domowe. W ramach analizy przeprowadzono proces ankietyzacji oraz przygotowano model ekonometryczny, uwzględniający czynniki wpływające na ilość zaoszczędzonej energii przez gospodarstwa domowe w ramach realizacji rozwiązania DSM. Przeprowadzono także symulację Monte Carlo w celu zaprognozowania potencjalnych efektów realizacji DSM w analizowanym przypadku.
Potential of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Advancing Renewable Energy: Challenges and Prospects
- Van Nhanh Nguyen Nhanh Van
- Wiesław Tarełko
- Sharma Prabhakar
- Ahmed Shabana El-Shafay
- Wei-Hsin Chen
- Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen
- Nguyen Xuan Phuong
- Tuan Anh Nguyen
2024 ENERGY & FUELS
Modern machine learning (ML) techniques are making inroads in every aspect of renewable energy for optimizationand model prediction. The effective utilization of ML techniques for the development and scaling up of renewable energy systemsneeds a high degree of accountability. However, most of the ML approaches currently in use are termed black box since their work isdifficult to comprehend. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is an attractive option to solve the issue of poor interoperability inblack-box methods. This review investigates the relationship between renewable energy (RE) and XAI. It emphasizes the potentialadvantages of XAI in improving the performance and efficacy of RE systems. It is realized that although the integration of XAI withRE has enormous potential to alter how energy is produced and consumed, possible hazards and barriers remain to be overcome,particularly concerning transparency, accountability, and fairness. Thus, extensive research is required to address the societal andethical implications of using XAI in RE and to create standardized data sets and evaluation metrics. In summary, this paper shows thepotential, perspectives, opportunities, and challenges of XAI application to RE system management and operation aiming to targetthe efficient energy-use goals for a more sustainable and trustworthy future.
Potyczki algorytmiczne, czyli Alicja i Bogdan w nowych sytuacjach
- Marek Kubale
- Joanna Raczek
2024 Pismo PG
W kolejnym odcinku serii z Alicją i Bogdanem najpierw ilustrujemy problem dominowania w grafach (kratowych): klasyczny i rzymski. Następnie ilustrujemy znany fakt, że zachłanność nie zawsze się opłaca. Pokażemy mianowicie, że algorytmy zachłanne nie gwarantują uzyskania rozwiązania optymalnego, nawet wówczas gdy problem da się rozwiązać w czasie wielomianowym.
Powering the Future by Iron Sulfide Type Material (FexSy) Based Electrochemical Materials for Water Splitting and Energy Storage Applications: A Review
- Ahmad Farhan
- Wajeeha Qayyum
- Urooj Fatima
- Shahid Nawaz
- Aldona Balčiūnaitė
- Tak H. Kim
- Varsha Srivastava
- John Vakros
- Zacharias Frontistis
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
2024 Pełny tekst SMALL
Water electrolysis is among the recent alternatives for generating clean fuels (hydrogen). It is an efficient way to produce pure hydrogen at a rapid pace with no unwanted by-products. Effective and cheap water-splitting electrocatalysts with enhanced activity, specificity, and stability are currently widely studied. In this regard, noble metal-free transition metal-based catalysts are of high interest. Iron sulfide (FeS) is one of the essential electrocatalysts for water splitting because of its unique structural and electrochemical features. This article discusses the significance of FeS and its nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and overall water splitting. FeS and its nanocomposites have been studied also for energy storage in the form of electrode materials in supercapacitors and lithium- (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The structural and electrochemical characteristics of FeS and its nanocomposites, as well as the synthesis processes, are discussed in this work. This discussion correlates these features with the requirements for electrocatalysts in overall water splitting and its associated reactions. As a result, this study provides a road map for researchers seeking economically viable, environmentally friendly, and efficient electrochemical materials in the fields of green energy production and storage.
Practical Trial for Low-Energy Effective Jamming on Private Networks With 5G-NR and NB-IoT Radio Interfaces
- Paweł Skokowski
- Krzysztof Malon
- Michał Kryk
- Krzysztof Maślanka
- Jan M. Kelner
- Piotr Rajchowski
- Jarosław Magiera
2024 IEEE Access
Fourth-generation (4G) mobile networks are successively replaced by fifth-generation (5G) ones, based on the new releases of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard. 5G generation is dedicated to civilian users and the conducted analytical work shows that it has numerous technological gaps that prevent its direct implementation in military communications systems. However, the recent armed world conflicts showed that closed or public mobile networks are willingly used by soldiers for both private and business communications, and to conduct defensive and offensive operations as well. From the military operation viewpoint, jamming both civil and military systems is one of the essential elements of electronic warfare. This paper focuses on the practical trial of low-energy and smart jamming on a 5G private network using narrowband signals, which facilitates the reduction of the available throughput, e.g. in the time division duplex - uplink (TDD-UL) by 99%, or by 82% in the frequency division duplex - downlink (FDD-DL). This type of jamming also allows for reaching up to 25 dB of energy gain comparing to barrage jamming. The authors moreover investigated jamming the Narrowband IoT radio interface using synchronized, selective jamming. The goal was to propose energy efficient methods that will allow the jammers to work longer and be mounted on a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can operate near the gNB. The generation of low-power jamming signals in the gNB vicinity successfully hinders detecting the jammer by the enemy’s electronic reconnaissance systems. The proposed solutions are compared with the test results for other types of jamming methods.
Praktyka wykonywania pomiarów instalacji fotowoltaicznych prowadząca do określenia rzeczywistego stanu technicznego
- Leszek Litzbarski
- Marek Olesz
- Konrad Seklecki
2024 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny
Praca przedstawia zasady wykonywania pomiarów instalacji fotowoltaicznych wg normy PN-EN 62446-1. Proponowany w normie zakres podstawowy pozwala tylko na ocenę bezpieczeństwa pracy instalacji. Dopiero zakres dodatkowy umożliwia uzyskanie informacji o referencyjnych mocach zainstalowanej elektrowni, jej sprawności, a nawet jednorodności poszczególnych ogniw fotowoltaicznych. Załączone przykłady pomiarów czystych i zabrudzonych paneli wskazują na korzyści monitorowania stanu technicznego instalacji podczas ich eksploatacji.
Prediction of the fatigue lifetime of PUR structural elements using a combined experimental-numerical approach
- Grzegorz Lesiuk
- Krzysztof Junik
- Szymon Duda
- Tomasz Socha
- Krzysztof Kula
- Arkadiusz Denisiewicz
- Daniel Medyński
- Wojciech Macek
- José A.F.O. Correia
2024 Structures
This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life of polyurethane elastomeric components. A rubber replacement - polyurethane of hardness 80ShA commonly used in vibration damping systems, for example, in motor vehicle suspensions, was used for the study. A metal-rubber bushing component was selected for analysis, and numerical analysis was carried out along with a fatigue model proposal based on a modification of the WangBrown model. The results obtained indicate that the description of the durability process using the proposed relationship is also possible. A constitutive model based on Ogden’s hyperelastic model was identified and verified. The proposed methodology can be used in any part analysis based on the numerical model and fatigue data. The paper also evaluates the effectiveness of other models against the proposed relationship.
Preeclampsia Risk Prediction Using Machine Learning Methods Trained on Synthetic Data
- Magdalena Mazur-Milecka
- Natalia Kowalczyk
- Kinga Jaguszewska
- Dorota Zamkowska
- Dariusz Wójcik
- Krzysztof Preis
- Henriette Skov
- Stefan Rahr Wagner
- Puk Sandager
- Milena Sobotka
- Jacek Rumiński
2024
This paper describes a research study that investigates the use of machine learning algorithms on synthetic data to classify the risk of developing preeclampsia by pregnant women. Synthetic datasets were generated based on parameter distributions from three real patient studies. Four models were compared: XGBoost, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest, and Explainable Boosting Machines (EBM). The study found that the XGBoost and EBM consistently outperform the other models. An analysis of patient subsets based on their pregnancy history was also conducted, revealing that the group of patients in their first pregnancy achieved the highest prediction accuracy. Additionally, the study explored the efficacy of risk prediction based on various parameters and found that the results vary depending on the models used and the degree of class balance in the database. Finally, an additional test was performed on the dataset annotated by physicians.
PRE-FAILURE CONDITION AND THE METHOD OF REPAIRING GLUED TIMBER ROOF BEARS
- Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
- Tomasz Majewski
2024
Design documentation of glued-laminated timber roof girders is in many cases very general, does not contain details and design solutions, and the contractors do not have experience in the implementation of this type of structure. Design and execution errors, including those related to glued laminated timber roof girders, not only affect the safety and durability of the structure of the facility in which they were built in, but also affect the safety of its use. The aim of the article is to present the impact of the design and execution errors which cumulated after a short period of operation of the sports hall led to its exclusion from use. The article also presents the implemented method of strengthening the roof girders in question.