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  • The Concept of Using the Decision-Robustness Function in Integrated Navigation Systems
    • Krzysztof Czaplewski
    • Bartosz Czaplewski
    2022 Pełny tekst SENSORS

    The diversity and non-uniformity of the positioning systems available in maritime navigation systems often impede the watchkeeping officer in the selection of the appropriate positioning system, in particular, in restricted basins. Thus, it is necessary to introduce a mathematical apparatus to suggest, in an automated manner, which of the available systems should be used at the given moment of a sea trip. Proper selection of the positioning system is particularly important in integrated navigation systems, in which the excess of navigation information may impede the final determinations. In this article, the authors propose the use of the decision-robustness function to assist in the process of selecting the appropriate positioning system and reduce the impact of navigation observations encumbered with large errors in self-positioning accuracy. The authors present a mathematical apparatus describing the decision function (a priori object), with the determination of decision-assistance criteria, and the robustness function (a posteriori object), with different types of attenuation function. In addition, the authors present a computer application integrating both objects in the decision-robustness function. The study was concluded by a test showing the practical application of the decision-robustness function proposed in the title.

  • The Conference Report of Why R? Turkey 2022: The First R Conference with Call For Papers in Turkey
    • Mustafa Cavus
    • Olgun Aydin
    • Ozan Evkaya
    • Derya Turfan
    • Filiz Karadag
    • Ozancan Ozdemir
    • Ugur Dar
    • Deniz Bezer
    2022 Pełny tekst R Journal

    Why R? Turkey 2022 was a non-profit conference that aimed to bring Turkish R users together and encourage them to attend the R conferences. The targeted audience of the conference consisted of, data scientists, data analysts, and all R users from academia and industry. The three-day conference, which consisted of several events such as workshops, regular talks, lightning talks, short tutorials, and panels, was free of charge and fully online. This article describes the challenges and benefits, as well as providing an overview of the conference’s content and participants’ profile.

  • The content of biogenic amines in Rondo and Zweigelt wines and correlations between selected wine parameters
    • Anna Stój
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Vasil Simeonov
    • Magdalena Kapłan
    2022 Pełny tekst FOOD CHEMISTRY

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of biogenic amines (BAs) in wines using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (DLLME-GC–MS). An additional objective was to assess the correlations between selected parameters characterizing the samples such as the content of BAs, sugars, and organic acids, pH, and total acidity. Wines produced from the same grape variety in which alcoholic fermentation (AF) was carried out by different yeast strains and in which malolactic fermentation (MLF) was spontaneous, differed in the content of biogenic amines. The concentrations of putrescine, cadaverine and tryptamine were higher in the Rondo wines (237–405, 34.04–61.11, <LOD-12.456 µg/L, respectively) and Zweigelt wines (416–489, 72.67–88.43, <LOD-13.083 µg/L, respectively) subjected to spontaneous MLF than in the wines subjected to induced MLF. Chemometric analysis allowed us to determine correlations between selected wine parameters. The wine samples are well separated into two patterns depending on the grape variety. Despite the fact that information on BAs is not included in databases of wine composition, information on their concentration as well as knowledge of existing correlations between BAs and other wine parameters is crucial and may be useful for the food industry, health professionals and consumers.

  • The contribution of Hans von Wartenberg to the development of the Czochralski method
    • Wiesław Wojnowski
    • Antoni Konitz
    • Wojciech Wojnowski
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH

    The contribution of Hans von Wartenberg to the development of the Czochralski Method for pulling single crystals is often overlooked. He was its earliest adopter, having introduced the use of seed crystals, and his detailed description of the method was the basis for its subsequent dissemination.

  • The Course and the Effects of Agricultural Biomass Pyrolysis in the Production of High-Calorific Biochar
    • Paweł Kazimierski
    • Katarzyna Januszewicz
    • Wojciech Godlewski
    • Aleksander Fijuk
    • Tomasz Suchocki
    • Patryk Chaja
    • Beata Barczak
    • Dariusz Kardaś
    2022 Pełny tekst Materials

    The thermal pyrolysis of agriculture biomass has been studied in a fixed-bed reactor, wherethe pyrolysis was conducted at a steady temperature of 800◦C. This work analyses the pyrolysisproducts of six agricultural wastes: pistachio husks, walnut husks, sunflower hulls, buckwheat husks,corncobs and coconut shells. The conducted research compared examples of large waste biomassstreams from different parts of the world as a potential source of renewable energy. Additionally, thekinetics of the reaction with the activation energy were analyzed and calculated for all raw materialsin pyrolysis process. Biochars are characterised by higher combustion heat in comparison to the rawmaterial samples. The average value of the heat of combustion increased due to pyrolysis processfrom 10 MJ/kg, with minimal value of 2.7 MJ/kg (corncob) and maximum of 13.0 MJ/kg for coconut,which is also characterised by the maximal absolute combustion heating value (32.3 MJ/kg). Theincrease in calorific values varied from 15% to 172% (with 54% reference for wood chips), whichindicates that charring is an effective method for increasing the energy concentration. The obtainedbiochar were compared with wood chips, which are widely used solid fuel of organic origin. Thestudied biomass-derived fuels are characterised by lower ash contribution than wood. An analogousobservation was made for the obtained biochars, whose ash contribution was lower than for thechips in terms of both unit-mass and unit-combustion-heat. The main advantage of this method isthe production of solid fuel from biomass, which increases the calorific value and bulk density ofbiochar in comparison to raw material.

  • The Development of a Conceptual Framework for Knowledge Sharing in Agile IT Projects
    • Rodrigo Oliveira de Castro
    • Cesar Sanin
    • Andrew Levula
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2022 Pełny tekst CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS

    Organizations must adapt their resources to meet the challenges associated with changes in the work environment in order to remain competitive in the information era. Several research findings identify knowledge sharing as a means for an organization to improve its competitiveness. Knowledge sharing can be defined in a variety of ways, but it essentially refers to the exchange of knowledge from an information giver to an information receiver. This is a purposeful activity that adds value to the client organization, particularly in IT system that employs Agile methodology. For the scope of this paper, we are going to consider only Agile knowledge transfer in IT projects that occurs in two angles: business knowledge transfers from client to consultant; and IT technical knowledge transfers from consultant to client. However, when interdisciplinary teams are involved in Agile IT projects, the knowledge transfer mentioned before remains inefficient once the knowledge loss persists throughout the project life cycle. The conversion of conceptual knowledge, which only exists in the brains and minds of individuals, into explicit knowledge is essential for organizations to gain and maintain competitive advantages over its competitor. This study proposes an alternative conceptual framework to address conceptual knowledge transfer in IT projects that use Agile methodology.

  • The Digital Tissue and Cell Atlas and the Virtual Microscope
    • Jarosław Skokowski
    • Marika Bolcewicz
    • Kamila Jendernalik
    • Thierry Vanelslander
    • Jacek Gulczyński
    • Anna Lewandowska
    • Leszek Kalinowski
    2022 Pełny tekst

    With the cooperation of the CI TASK (Center of lnformatics Tri-Citry Academic Supercomputer and network) and the Gdańsk University of Technology, the Medical University of Gdańsk undertook the creation of the Digital Tissue and Cell Atlas and the Virtual Microscope for the needs of the Bridge of Data project. In the beginning, an extensive collection of histological and cytological slides was carefully selected and prepared by pathomorphology experts. After processing and digitising, the specimens were sent to servers of the TRYTON Supercomputer, where storing, searching for and scrolling through the images in the Virtual Microscope was made available. The collection consists of twenty thousand high definition images of human tissues and cells accompanied by structurised clinical metadata. Creating a digital atlas and a virtual microscope is an answer to modern education challenges that shape digital competence and are open to modern technologies. The main idea behind the creation of the information tools and digital image data repositories is using them for the purpose of education and as a basis for the creation of new methods of long-distance education. Those resources are shared under the terms of the open Creative Commons license (CC BY-SA), making it possible for teachers, students, and entrepreneurs to use the images safely and process content included in the presented materials without intellectual property infringement.

  • The Distribution of Glucosinolates in Different Phenotypes of Lepidium peruvianum and Their Role as Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors—In Silico and In Vitro Studies
    • Dominik Tarabasz
    • Paweł Szczeblewski
    • Tomasz Laskowski
    • Wojciech Płaziński
    • Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
    • Dominik Szwajgier
    • Wirginia Kukula-Koch
    • Henry O. Meissner
    2022 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    The aim of the study was to present the fingerprint of different Lepidium peruvianum tu- ber extracts showing glucosinolates-containing substances possibly playing an important role in preventinting dementia and other memory disorders. Different phenotypes of Lepidium peruvianum (Brassicaceae) tubers were analysed for their glucosinolate profile using a liquid chromatograph coupled with mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS platform). Qualitative analysis in 50% ethanolic extracts confirmed the presence of ten compounds: aliphatic, indolyl, and aromatic glucosi- nolates, with glucotropaeolin being the leading one, detected at levels between 0–1.57% depending on phenotype, size, processing, and collection site. The PCA analysis showed important variations in glucosinolate content between the samples and different ratios of the detected compounds. Applied in vitro activity tests confirmed inhibitory properties of extracts and single glucosinolates against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (15.3–28.9% for the extracts and 55.95–57.60% for individual compounds) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) (71.3–77.2% for the extracts and 36.2–39.9% for individual com- pounds). The molecular basis for the activity of glucosinolates was explained through molecular docking studies showing that the tested metabolites interacted with tryptophan and histidine residues of the enzymes, most likely blocking their active catalytic side. Based on the obtained results and described mechanism of action, it could be concluded that glucosinolates exhibit inhibitory properties against two cholinesterases present in the synaptic cleft, which indicates that selected phenotypes of L. peruvianum tubers cultivated under well-defined environmental and ecological conditions may present a valuable plant material to be considered for the development of therapeutic products with memory-stimulating properties.

  • The Dream of Black
    • Krzysztof Wróblewski
    2022

    The Dream of Black Wystawa Sen o czerni to projekt pedagogów Uniwersytetu w Ostrawie i Fundacji Wyspa Progress a właściwie ich studentów, którzy są również dzisiaj pedagogami. W wielu przypadkach jest to już drugie pokolenie studentów. The Dream of Black oferuje szerokie spektrum form artystycznych. Autorska próbka stanowiąca trzon projektu wystawy (gość: Viktor Frešo i inni artyści związani z Gdańską sceną artystyczną) to tylko wycinek całej sceny artystycznej Ostrawy i Gdańska. Widz będzie miał niewątpliwie również możliwość osobistej konfrontacji ze stereotypem postrzegania relacji miedzy centrum i peryferiami, które dziś postrzega się jako część europejskiego kontekstu sztuki całości wyróżniających się regionalnych centrów sztuki. Sny nie rodzą się i nie znikają, pochodzą z powietrza i z popiołów, nie kończą się błyskawicznie, ale stopniową erozją.1. Rzeczywistość pojawia się przed nami jako skupisko rozproszonych wydarzeń o wątpliwych syntezach i zgrupowaniach. Niewątpliwie rozmawialiśmy o niej nie raz, rozmawiamy o niej, lub możemy powiedzieć o niej, że jest ciemna. Czas i przestrzeń określają stosunki między ontologią tworzenia obrazów a jego reprezentacją. Kultura i filozofia Zachodu odsuwa znikanie, pustkę czy nicość na plan dalszy, jako coś, co związane jest z przemijaniem, niszczeniem, tak samo jak z ukrywaniem. Wbrew wszelkim faktom odzwierciedlenie tej nicości ma przecież swoje znaczenie. Post-konceptualny dyskurs wciąż prowadzi walkę z reprezentacją widzianego, idea przesuwa się do obszaru doświadczeń formalnych w dziele sztuki i stawia granice między obrazem realności a jego wewnętrznym odbiciem.(...) Tak, to czarna Ostrawa... Stocznia Gdańska Ostrawa, czy historycznie Stocznia Gdańska, miejsca które dziś już nie czują czerni i szukają swego charyzmatu w takich barwnych konotacjach, które są naprawdę bardzo kolorowe, są dosłownie kolorowymi gejzerami, ale i czarnym snem, który leży u podstaw tego myślenia o śnie i który, w pewnych okolicznościach może być postrzegany jako koszmar, jako coś przerażającego i uciążliwego, jest przede wszystkim żywą platformą aktualnego i współczesnego dążenia do racjonalnego opisu, a także sztucznej egzystencjalnej odpowiedzi mitologii pochodzenia. Kuratorzy: Tomáš Koudela, František Kowolowski, Piotr Mosur, Grzegorz Klaman

  • The Dynamics of Trade Relations between Ukraine and Romania: Modelling and Forecasting
    • Oleksandr Melnychenko
    • Valerii Matskul
    • Tetiana Osadcha
    2022 Pełny tekst Virtual Economics

    The article examines the monthly dynamics of exports, imports and balance of trade between Ukraine and Romania in the period from 2005 to 2021. Time series from 2015 to 2021 were used for modelling and forecasting (since the date the European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement took effect). Adequate models of the dynamics series of the Box-Jenkins methodology were built: additive models with seasonal component ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) ARIMAS (or SARIMA) and Holt-Winters exponential smoothing with a dampened trend. Forecasting of exports, imports and trade balance for the fourth quarter of 2021 and first quarter of 2022 were completed. The forecast results showed a small relative error compared to the actual data. Thus, when forecasting the trade balance between countries using the Holt-Winters model, the relative prediction errors were: for October 2021 – 1.3%; for November 2021 – 2.6%; for December 2021 – 0.4%.

  • The Economic Legacy of Mega Sporting Events. The Impact of Hosting European Olympic Games on GDP Growth Through Infrastructure Development
    • Krystian Zawadzki
    2022 Pełny tekst Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

    Introduction. The positive legacy of the Olympics is often cited by the International Olympic Committee and national or-ganizers. Some scholars, however, question an uncritical approach to an exclusively positive economic legacy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of hosting the Olympics on infrastructure development, with a potential impact on economic growth in the form of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in three phases of seven Olympic Games organised in Europe in recent years. Material and methods. The effect of a particular Olympic period on the GDP was analysed using a difference-in-differ-ence technique in which the difference between each of the analysed seven host countries’ GDPs and those of a reference set of countries was obtained. Each time, as part of the observation, an event time period was distinguished covering all three phases of the event: the preparatory phase, the event phase and the post-event phase. Results. For the Winter Olympic Games, no statistically significant positive results are observed in the long term, which may indicate a very limited importance of the economic legacy of these events for potential host countries. In the case of Summer Olympic Games, the positive impact of the organization of these events in the post-event phase is noticeable. Conclusions. The obtained results confirm the ambiguous impact of Olympic Games on the hosts’ economies and are in line with the attitude of many scholars to an uncritical approach to the only positive legacy of these events.

  • The effect of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) steaming process on the colour change versus depth of tested wood layer
    • Aleksandra Konopka
    • Daniel Chuchała
    • Kazimierz Orłowski
    • Vilkovska Tatiana
    • Ivan Klement
    2022 Pełny tekst Wood Material Science & Engineering

    The results of experimental research on the colour changes of beech wood at different depths of the tested layer are presented. Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) dried in a conventional kiln was tested. Half of the wood samples were steamed prior to the drying process. Colour changes were measured at various depths after the face milling process was used to remove the material to expose to the deeper surface. The colour changes were measured based on the three-axis CIELAB system, recommended by CIE (Comission Internationale de l'Eclairage) and according to ISO 11664-2 and ISO 11664-4 standards. As a result of the analysis, four parameters were determined: the colour changes (ΔE), the colour chroma (Cab), the hue angle (h) and the colour saturation (Sab). The performed experimental research revealed that the surface of steamed wood is more susceptible to colour change. A significant colour change in both steamed and dried wood occurs only up to a depth of about 2 mm.

  • The effect of boron concentration on the electrical, morphological and optical properties of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond sheets: Tuning the diamond-on-graphene vertical junction
    • Michał Rycewicz
    • Adrian Nosek
    • Dong Hoon Shin
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Josephus G. Buijnsters
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2022 Pełny tekst DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS

    In this paper, the effect of boron doping on the electrical, morphological and structural properties of free-standing nanocrystalline diamond sheets (thickness ~ 1 μm) was investigated. For this purpose, we used diamond films delaminated from a mirror-polished tantalum substrate following a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition process, each grown with a different [B]/[C] ratio (up to 20,000 ppm) in the gas phase. The developed boron-doped diamond (BDD) films are a promising semiconducting material for sensing and high-power electronic devices due to band gap engineering and thermal management feasibility. The increased boron concentration in the gas phase induces a decrease in the average grain size, consequently resulting in lower surface roughness. The BDD sheets grown with [B]/[C] of 20,000 ppm reveal the metallic conductivity while the lower doped samples show p-type semiconductor character. The charge transport at room temperature is dominated by the thermally activated nearest-neighbor hopping between boron acceptors through impurity band conduction. At low temperatures (<300 K), the Arrhenius plot shows a non-linear temperature dependence of the logarithmic conductance pointing towards a crossover towards variable range hopping. The activation energy at high temperatures obtained for lowly-doped sheets is smaller than for nanocrystalline diamond bonded to silicon, while for highly-doped material it is similar. Developed sheets were utilized to fabricate two types of diamond-on-graphene heterojunctions, where boron doping is the key factor for tuning the shape of the current-voltage characteristics. The graphene heterojunction with the low boron concentration diamond sheet resembles a Schottky junction behavior, while an almost Ohmic contact response is recorded with the highly doped BDD sheet of metallic conductivity. The free-standing diamond sheets allow for integration with temperature-sensitive interfaces (i.e. 2D materials or polymers) and pave the way towards flexible electronics devices.

  • The effect of cable duct diameter on the ampacity of high-voltage power cables
    • Filip Ratkowski
    • Michał Kołtun
    • Stanisław Czapp
    2022 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    The ampacity of power cables depends, among others, on the conditions of heat dissipation from the cable to the environment. Cables are usually laid directly in the ground, but in some sections, they may be placed in ducts, which adversely affects the ampacity of the cable line. The paper presents heat transfer phenomena for cables installed in pipe-type ducts filled with air. The effect of cable duct diameter on this ampacity is discussed. The results of the theoretical analysis have been validated by calculations performed with CYMCAP software. The comparison of the ampacity for air-filled vs. water- or bentonite-filled ducts is also included. The analyses and comparisons have shown that with an appropriate dimension of the duct, the simplest filling (with air) allows to obtain the ampacity not lower than when water or bentonite is used.

  • The effect of external load on ultrasonic wave attenuation in steel bars under bending stresses
    • Adam Ścięgaj
    • Erwin Wojtczak
    • Magdalena Rucka
    2022 Pełny tekst ULTRASONICS

    The stress state in deformed solids has a significant impact on the attenuation of an ultrasonic wave propagating through the medium. Measuring a signal with certain attenuation characteristics can therefore provide useful diagnostic information about the stress state in the structure. In this work, basic principles behind a novel attenuation-based diagnostic framework are introduced. An experimental study on steel bars under three-point bending was carried out, and finite element analyses were used to numerically model the experiments. Obtained test results showed a strong correlation between the external load and the ultrasonic signal energy, which decreases with increasing load. A similar but positive correlation appeared between the level of attenuation of longitudinal ultrasonic wave signals and the external load, which allowed for efficient estimation of the mid-span bending moment. Upon proper calibration of testing equipment, the change in ultrasonic signal energy can therefore be used as an indicator of the external load level. As a result, this effect has potential applications in non-destructive structural health monitoring frameworks.

  • The effect of freeze-drying and storage on lysozyme activity, lactoferrin content, superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity and fatty acid profile of freeze-dried human milk
    • Dorota Martysiak-Żurowska
    • Patrycja Rożek
    • Małgorzata Puta
    2022 Pełny tekst DRYING TECHNOLOGY

    Pooled human milk samples were freeze-dried and stored for 6 weeks at a temperature of 5 C and 25 C. Freeze-drying decreased the water content of milk by 86.5%, and the obtained lyophilizate was readily soluble in water. The freeze-drying process did not affect superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, fatty acid (FA) profile or lactoferrin (LF) content, but it decreased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of human milk by 22.1% and induced a minor increase in lysozyme (LZ) activity, by approximately 9.8%. Storage of freeze-dried milk did not show significant influence on TAC, LF, FA and LZ levels, while after six weeks of storage SOD activity decreased by around 27% relative to the level noted immediately after lyophilization. These findings and the remaining state of knowledge imply, that freeze-drying can be a useful method of human milk storage.

  • The Effect of Openings’ Size and Location on Selected Dynamical Properties of Typical Wood Frame Walls
    • Marcin Szczepański
    • Ahmed Manguri
    • Najmadeen Saeed
    • Daniel Chuchała
    2022 Pełny tekst Polymers

    The wooden frame constructions are now popular in many developed countries of the world. Many of these locations where such buildings are constructed are exposed to seismic and other shocks which are generated by human activities. This paper discusses the effect of the size and location of openings in the wooden frame walls under dynamic loadings. Natural frequencies of such frames with and without openings have been determined. Three 14 m high walls with different widths, including 3, 6, and 12 m, have been considered. Dynamic analysis has been made using finite element method structural analysis software Dlubal RFEM 5.17. The results show that the effect of the size and location of the openings on the natural frequency is significant. Numerically speaking, the relative change of the natural frequencies of a wall without and with an opening in a specific place could be up to 30%. In addition, the change of the natural frequency for the location of the openings is more sensitive than that to the sizes. Furthermore, the appropriate sizes and locations of openings of the wooden frame walls have been suggested. The appropriate size and place were found to be small openings in the top of the walls.

  • The effect of paleo-environment on hydrocarbon generation potential: Example from Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina
    • Aleksandra Małachowska
    • Grzegorz Lis
    • Maria Mastalerz
    • Fariborz Goodarzi
    • Hamed Sanei
    2022 JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

    A 137-m continuous core from the Jurassic-Early Cretaceous marine derived oil shale with the maturity Ro about 0.7 %, representing the oil window in the Vaca Muerta Formation, Neuquén Basin, Argentina, was examined using geological, mineralogical, petrographic, and geochemistry techniques. Three distinct intervals were identified within the core: the upper carbonate-rich section with intense bioturbation, indicating dysoxic to oxic conditions that resulted in poor organic matter preservation; a middle section with decreasing carbonate content, suboxic bottom conditions, and higher organic matter content; and a lower section with higher detrital input and low carbonate content, suboxic to anoxic water conditions, and enhanced preservation of organic matter. Based on the presence of indicator fossils and geochemical parameters, a general trend of increasing organic matter content with lower paleo-oxygen levels was observed. The proportion of solid bitumen within organic matter increases with decreasing oxygen content, suggesting that organic matter deposited in anoxic conditions is more prone to transformation and hydrocarbon generation. There is a negative impact of increasing paleo-oxygen levels on the quantity and quality of organic matter, represented by its potential to generate hydrocarbons.

  • The effect of shear deformations' rotary inertia on the vibrating response of multi-physic composite beam-like actuators
    • Mohammad Malikan
    • Victor Eremeev
    2022 Pełny tekst COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

    In consecutive studies on flexomagneticity (FM), this work investigates the flexomagnetic reaction of a vibrating squared multi-physic beam in finite dimensions. It is assumed that the bending and shear deformations cause rotary inertia. In the standard type of the Timoshenko beam the rotary inertia originated from shear deformations has been typically omitted. It means the rotary inertia resulting from shear deformation is a new concept considered here. Thus, the novelty in this work is that the effect of shear deformation's rotary inertia (SDRI) on the FM response will be considered in detail. When it comes to nanosize, the well-posed nonlocal elasticity assumption of Eringen can be worth choosing. In this study, the weak form of strain-driven nonlocal theory, which means differential form, is taken into hand for easiness. The procedure of solution will be in regard to the advantage of the Galerkin weighted residual technique based on an analytical flow for the meta beam located at simply-simply ends. Verifications of the mathematical model and solving steps come through macro and nanobeams concerning reputable literature. In pursuit of this step, several separate studies will show how SDRI and FM can influence each other. The observations give some new achievements in the series of studies on FM. It has been earned that the SDRI can directly impress the flexomagnetic feature of small-scale actuators.

  • The Effect of Sodium Tetrafluoroborate on the Properties of Conversion Coatings Formed on the AZ91D Magnesium Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
    • Lukasz Florczak
    • Ginter Nawrat
    • Kazimierz Darowicki
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Jan Sieniawski
    • Małgorzata Wierzbińska
    • Krzysztof Raga
    • Andrzej Sobkowiak
    2022 Pełny tekst Processes

    Magnesium and its alloys are widely used in many areas because of their light weight, excellent dimensional stability, and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, the material exhibits poor wear and corrosion resistance, which limits its use. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an effective surface modification method for producing ceramic oxide layers on Mg and their alloys. The influence of the additions of sodium tetrafluoroborate (NaBF4) and sodium fluoride (NaF) into alkaline-silicate electrolyte on the properties of the conversion layers formed in the magnesium AZ91D alloy has been investigated. Surface morphology and chemical composition were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The anticorrosive properties of the layers were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) methods in simulated body fluid (SBF). The presence of NaBF4 or NaF in the electrolyte increases the corrosion resistance of the protective layer. However, the best anticorrosive properties show the layers obtained in the presence of NaBF4. This is probably caused by the incorporation of boron and fluorine in the form of Mg (BF4)2 mainly in the barrier layer.

  • The effect of Sr and Mg substitutions on structure, mechanical properties and solubility of fluorapatite ceramics for biomedical applications
    • Mohammad Ghaemi
    • Sergiy Y. Sayenko
    • Volodymyr Shkuropatenko
    • Anna Zykova
    • Kateryna Ulybkina
    • Olena Bereznyak
    • Andrzej Krupa
    • Mirosław Sawczak
    2022 Pełny tekst Processing and Application of Ceramics

    Ionic substitutions play important role in the modifications of biological apatites. Recently, attention has been focused on the co-doping effects on the functional properties of apatite-based biomaterials. In this research work, the dense samples of fluorapatites, Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Ca8MgSr(PO4)6F2, were produced after sintering at 1250 °C for 6 h in air. Structural characterization carried out with XRD, IR, Raman and SEM, confirmed the formation of a dense and homogeneous structure with main fluorapatite and a small amount of Ca3(PO4)2 phase. The presented results also demonstrate the stability of structural and mechanical properties of fluorapatites after immersion tests in saline and buffer solutions. The durability of mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the Ca10(PO4)6F2 and Ca8MgSr(PO4)6F2 fluorapatites make these materials highly attractive for biomedical applications.

  • The Effectiveness of Rubber Bumpers in Reducing the Effects of Earthquake-Induced Pounding between Base-Isolated Buildings
    • Khatami Mohamma Seyed
    • Hosein Naderpour
    • Alireza Mortezaei
    • Alireza Sharbatdar
    • Natalia Lasowicz
    • Robert Jankowski
    2022 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    Th e methods for preventing earthquake-induced structural pounding between two adjacent buildings include ensuring a sufficient separation distance between them or decreasing their relative displacement during seismic excitation. Some equations or even specific values of such gap sizes between two buildings have been introduced so as to avoid collisions. Increasing the stiffness of buildings, using tuned mass dampers, applying liquid dampers, or decreasing the mass of the structures may reduce lateral displacements, and therefore pounding can be prevented. On the other hand, the application of base isolation systems may result in the elongation of the natural period of the building, thus increasing the probability of structural pounding. The aim of the present paper is to verify the effectiveness of using rubber bumpers to reduce the negative effects of earthquake- induced pounding between base-isolated buildings. The analysis was conducted for different gap sizes between buildings, as well as for various values of the thickness, number and stiffness of rubber bumpers. The results of the study show that the peak impact force decreases with increasing thickness, stiffness, and number of bumpers. Moreover, the peak impact forces are reduced with increasing gap size. The results of the investigation clearly indicate that the use of additional rubber bumpers can be considered an effective method for reducing the negative effects of earthquake-induced pounding between base-isolated buildings.

  • The Effects of Pin Profile on HDPE Thermomechanical Phenomena during FSW
    • Hassanein I. Khalaf
    • Raheem Al-Sabur
    • Murat Demiral
    • Jacek Tomków
    • Jerzy Łabanowski
    • Mahmoud E. Abdullah
    • Hamed Aghajani Derazkola
    2022 Pełny tekst Polymers

    Friction stir welding (FSW) of polymeric materials has recently attracted significant attention. Herein, we present the effect of the tool pin profile on the FSW of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) joints through joint experimental analysis and thermomechanical simulations. For analysis of pin profile effects on the thermomechanical properties of HDPE joints, frustum (FPT), cubic (CPT), and triangular (TPT) pin shapes were selected in this study. This research investigated the heat generation of the parts of the different tools as well as heat flux (internal and surface). The results revealed that the heat generation in pins with more edges (cubic (96 °C) and triangular (94 °C)) was greater than in pins with a smooth shape (frustum (91 °C)). The higher heat generation caused the heat flux on the surface of the HDPE from the cubic pin profile to be greater than for other joints. Due to the properties of HDPE, higher heat generation caused higher material velocity in the stirring zone, where the velocity of the materials in TPT, CPT, and FPT pins were 0.41 m/s, 0.42 m/s, and 0.4 m/s, respectively. The simulation results show sharp-edged pins, such as triangular and cubic, lead to over-stirring action and internal voids formed along the joint line. Furthermore, the simulation results indicated that the size of the stirred zones (SZs) of the FPT, TPT, and CPT samples were 17 mm2, 19 mm2, and 21 mm2, respectively, which is around three times the corresponding values in the HAZ.

  • The effects of relational and psychological capital on work engagement: the mediation of learning goal orientation
    • Malgorzata Rozkwitalska
    • Beata Basińska
    • Fevzi Okumus
    • Osman M. Karatepe
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT

    Purpose – This paper proposes a research model in which learning goal orientation (LGO) mediates the impacts of relational capital and psychological capital (PsyCap) on work engagement. Design/methodology/approach – Data obtained from 475 managers and employees in the manufacturing and service industries in Poland were utilized to assess the linkages given above. Common method variance was controlled by the unmeasured latent method factor technique. Findings – LGO mediates the impact of PsyCap on work engagement. More specifically, employees high on PsyCap are more learning goal-oriented, and therefore are work-engaged at elevated levels. Employees also exhibit higher work engagement as a result of their relational capital. Research limitations/implications – This study extends the research stream on the interrelationships of relational capital, PsyCap, LGO and work engagement to Poland. It fills a void in the relevant literature. Yet, the authors collected cross-sectional, self-report data in a single country. Practical implications – Manufacturing and service companies in Poland should create and maintain a work environment where managers and employees develop trust and high-quality relationships with their managers and coworkers and invest in their personal resources. In addition, management should arrange continuous training programs so that employees can continue developing themselves. Such practices are critical in an organization where employees’ work engagement is triggered by relational capital, PsyCap and LGO. Originality/value – This paper enhances the current literature by exploring relational capital, PsyCap and LGO simultaneously as the predictors of work engagement, which have been subjected to limited empirical inquiry. The paper also extends the research stream about the above-mentioned predictors of engagement to Poland, which is an underrepresented country in the field of human resource management.

  • The Efficacious Benefit of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D to Prevent COVID-19: An In-Silico Study Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
    • Tomy Muringayil
    • Akshay M S
    • Debarshi Kar Mahapatra
    • Józef Haponiuk
    • Sabu Thomas
    2022 Pełny tekst Nutrients

    The environment has rapidly looked at proven specialist task forces in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic to build public health policies and measures to mitigate the effects of emerging coronaviruses. According to the researchers, taking 10 μg of 25-hydroxy vitamin D daily is recommended to keep us safe. There have been several studies recently indicating that there is a reduced risk of contracting Coronavirus by 25-hydroxy vitamin D consumption, even though there is no scientific data to prove that one would not affect the COVID-19 viral infection by 25-hydroxy vitamin D consumption. In this regard, the present study investigates the important literature and the role of 25-hydroxy vitamin D to prevent COVID-19 infection by conducting an in-silico study with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a target. Lopinavir, a previously reported drug candidate, served as a reference standard for the study. MD simulations were carried out to improve predictions of receptor-ligand complexes which offer novelty and strength to the current study. MD simulation protocols were explored and subjected to 25-hydroxy vitamin D and a known drug, Lopinavir. Comparison of ligands at refined models to the crystal structure led to promising results. Appropriate timescale simulations have been used to understand the activation mechanism, the role of water networks for receptor function, and the ligand binding process. Furthermore, MD simulations in combination with free energy calculations have also been carried out for lead optimization, evaluation of ligand binding modes, and assessment of ligand selectivity. From the results, 25-hydroxy vitamin D was discovered to have the vital interaction and highest potency in LBE, lower RMSD, and lower inhibition intensity similar to the standard. The findings from the current study suggested that 25-hydroxy vitamin D would be more effective in treating COVID-19. Compared with Lopinavir, 25-hydroxy vitamin D had the most potent interaction with the putative binding sites of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein of COVID-19.

  • The electrical, morphological and optical properties of heavily boron-doped diamond sheets as a function of methane concentration in the gas phase
    • Michał Rycewicz
    • Adrian Nosek
    • Mirosław Sawczak
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2022 Proceedings of SPIE

    Boron-doped diamonds (BDD) are known for their excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity, high mobility, low absorption in visible light, and biocompatibility. In this work, we investigated the electrical, morphological and optical properties of heavily boron-doped diamond thin sheets as a function of methane concentration in the gas phase. Free-standing diamond sheets were fabricated using a microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition. The methane concentration was controlled by adding CH4 (up to 4%) to the gas phase, while the [B]/[C] ratio was 20,000 ppm. The samples grown with a higher methane concentration show more defects providing additional conduction paths. As a result, the lowest resistance was observed for the sample with a 4% methane concentration in the gas phase. Morphological studies suggest that a strong increase in the standard deviation of grain size and larger thickness of films is correlated with a higher sp2 phase. Moreover, an increase of disordered carbon content is accompanied by a lower transparency of the BDD sheets. This experiment could serve as a stepping stone in the future production of highly conductive large-area boron-doped diamond sheets.

  • The energy approach to fatigue crack growth of S355 steel welded specimens subjected to bending
    • Dariusz Rozumek
    • Janusz Lewandowski
    • Grzegorz Lesiuk
    • Zbigniew Marciniak
    • José A.F.O. Correia
    • Wojciech Macek
    2022 Pełny tekst THEORETICAL AND APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS

    The study presents the results of the research on the rate of fatigue crack growth subjected to bending in the ferritic-pearlitic structure. The studies were carried out at a constant amplitude of the moment and at various values ​​of the load ratios R and at the operating frequency of the machine of 28.4 Hz. Flat specimens made of S355 steel and with fillet welds and with double-sided blunt external notches as well as concave and convex welds were tested. The tests were performed on specimens without and after relief annealing. The study showed that the heat treatment had an influence on the dispersion of the test results described by the energy parameter. It was also observed that the effect of the applied treatment increased the rate of fatigue crack growth.

  • The Energy Potential of the Lower Vistula River in the Context of the Adaptation of Polish Inland Waterways to the Standards of Routes of International Importance
    • Krzysztof Woś
    • Krzystof Wrzosek
    • Tomasz Kolerski
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    Based on new policies of the European Union, green technologies are to be mostly considered for power generation. Hydropower generation is one of the essential elements of sustainable energy production. Therefore, specific attention, both economically and technically, needs to be given to this sector of energy production. The Vistula River in Poland is considered an international waterway. The power production potential of the river has been taken into account over the years. However, further configurations are needed to obtain a more in-depth ecological knowledge-base and economic plans, which are socially approved. In an attempt to make the project environmentally friendly, specific attention was put into sustainable transport. Different methods of transport were researched to find the most renewable transport combination, mainly based on waterways. Having performed a cost–benefit analysis related to the economic aspects of the project, it was found that such an investment is highly profitable (B/C = 2.81).

  • The Environmental Benefits of Photovoltaic Systems: The Impact on the Environment in the Production of Photovoltaic Systems: With a Focus on Metal Recovery
    • Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
    2022

    Greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, trap heat and energy, thus preventing solar radiation from escaping back into space. As the quantity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases so does the trapped heat and corresponding global temperature. As a result, storms become more violent, droughts more prevalent, glaciers melt, and sea levels rise, to name but a few effects of a rapidly changing climate. These unfavorable climate changes observed for many years have provided an incentive for the development of renewable energy sources, in particular those technologies, that serve the production of electricity. The use of photovoltaic modules to convert solar radiation into electricity results in a reduction of harmful GHGs, characteristic of traditional fossil fuel technologies, and furthermore, leads to economic benefits and independence of energy supplies. Analyzing the complete life cycle of photovoltaic modules: the process of production, operation, and the recycling of solar cell panels and ancillary components, one can demonstrate obvious environmental benefits, justifying not only the costs of photovoltaic technology development, but also government's actions in support of solar panels. Depending on the technology used, the production phase of photovoltaic modules does burden the environment to varying degrees, but overall there are incomparable gains to be made by exploiting photovoltaic systems for electricity production. Waste management and the re-use of valuable materials can also significantly improve the final environmental balance. As the photovoltaic market is still growing, it is important at this stage, to assess the long-term impact of PV technology on the natural environment. In this chapter, the impacts of using photovoltaic solar modules for energy production on the natural environment, are discussed.

  • The EU Tyre Noise Label: The problem with measuring the noise level of only a few of all tyre variants
    • Ulf Sandberg
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    2022

    The STEER project, described in another Inter-Noise 2022 paper, has evaluated the performance of the noise label of the European tyre label. The major finding was that uncertainties of the tyre/road noise measurements were higher than should be accepted. One of the worst uncertainty sources was found to be the common practice to measure only some tyres of all sizes or variants within a tyre line, to save money. Generally, only the noisiest tyre(s) is/are measured individually and other tyres in that line get the same level, which means that many if not most tyres are labelled with too high noise levels. Then consumers cannot find the quietest tyres. STEER lacked resources to study this problem, but a Swedish project supported STEER in this respect, by making it possible to measure noise of 53 tyres selected from tyre lines of three major tyre manufacturers. The results showed that even though tyres in each line were labelled with the same noise level, in practice they differed up to 6 dB in noise emission. To avoid this very serious source of uncertainty, a special simplified test is suggested in order to be able to label tyres correctly without too much extra effort.

  • The Impact of a New Product’s Novelty and Meaningfulness on its Commercial Performance
    • Dariusz Dąbrowski
    2022 Pełny tekst IBIMA Business Review

    s new product development (NPD) process encompasses creative actions, so a new product is characterized by two essential dimensions used to describe any creative output – namely novelty and meaningfulness. Therefore, businesses are faced with the questions to what extent and under what market conditions to develop each of these dimensions in order to obtain high new product commercial performance. Based on gaps indentified in the new product literature and drawing on the resource-based view as well as signaling theory, this study addresses three following aims. The first one is to revisit the impact of a new product’s meaningfulness and novelty on its commercial performance; the second one is to compare the relative influence of these dimensions on this performance; and the third one is to examine the moderating effect of market turbulence on the relationship between the novelty and the new product’s commercial performance. These goals were achieved by analyzing data concerning 374 new products of Polish high- and medium-high-technology companies with the use of structural equation modeling. This study finds that a new product’s meaningfulness is positively related to its commercial performance, while novelty is not. Furthermore, meaningfulness affects this performance more strongly than product novelty. It is also found that market turbulence moderates the relation between the new product’s novelty and performance such that this association is stronger when market turbulence is high compared to when it is low. The paper concludes with theoretical and managerial implications about how firms can benefit and under what market conditions from creativity.

  • The impact of bankruptcy regimes on entrepreneurship and innovation. Is there any relationship?
    • Błażej Prusak
    • Sylwia Morawska
    • Przemysław Banasik
    • Michał Łukowski
    2022 Pełny tekst International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal

    The literature review indicates that bankruptcy law may play an important role in and be one of the factors infuencing the development of entrepreneurship, innovation, and thus economic growth, among other things. In previous studies, the analysis of the impact of bankruptcy law on individual variables has been conducted independently. Our aim was to conduct a holistic analysis, taking several factors into account simultaneously. Therefore, a descriptive model was proposed, based on which the following research hypothesis was formulated: In countries characterised by an efective legal system and at the same time debtor-friendly bankruptcy law, the level of risk acceptance among entrepreneurs is higher, which is refected in higher levels of entrepreneurship and innovation. Based on the selected variables, a cross-sectional analysis was conducted using linear models estimated on the basis of the least-squares method. Additionally, to strengthen the conclusions drawn, the models were assessed in such a way enabling the analysis of causality as defned by Granger based on the two-step process. The results obtained allowed us to confrm the research hypothesis: in countries characterised by an efcient legal system and at the same time debtor-friendly bankruptcy law, the level of risk acceptance among entrepreneurs is higher, which is refected in higher levels of entrepreneurship and innovation. The research results are particularly important from the point of view of legislators who are responsible for drafting amendments to bankruptcy law. Including certain debtor-friendly provisions may, in the long run, lead to increased entrepreneurship and innovation, and thus economic development.

  • The impact of cold plasma on the phenolic composition and biogenic amine content of red wine
    • Iwona Niedźwiedź
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Ireneusz Kapusta
    • Vasil Simeonov
    • Anna Stój
    • Adam Waśko
    • Joanna Pawłat
    • Magdalena Polak-Berecka
    2022 Pełny tekst FOOD CHEMISTRY

    The effect of cold plasma (CP) on phenolic compound (PC) and biogenic amine (BA) contents of red wine was investigated for the first time. The influence of CP was compared with the effects of a wine preservation using potassium metabisulfite and a combined method. The PC profile was determined by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS while BAs using DLLME-GC–MS. Chemometric analysis also was used. The content of PCs was 3.1% higher in the sample preserved by CP treatment (5 min, helium/nitrogen) compared to a sample preserved by the addition of potassium metabisulfite (100 mg/L). On a positive note, CP treatment reduced the concentration of BAs in the wine samples. The lowest BA contents were recorded after 10 min of cold plasma (helium/oxygen) treatment with the addition of potassium metabisulfite (1120.85 μg/L). The results may promote interest in CP as a potential alternative method for the preservation of wine and other alcoholic beverages

  • The impact of footing conditions of a vertical-axis floating-roof tank on structural shell deformation
    • Kamil Żyliński
    • Jarosław Górski
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Structural shells of fuel tanks are often subjected to geometric imperfections which may lead to exceeding the ultimate and serviceability limit states. One of the means triggering shell deformation is non-uniform settlement caused by incoherent soil conditions. Analysis carried out in the work concerns of vertical-axis, floating-roof cylindrical shell which volume is 50.000 m3, founded on a complex multi-layered soil. The sensitivity analysis was conducted of a tank settlement due to variation of material soil parameters and the strata layout. It reads that even in the case of extremely disadvantageous material data the structure is not bound to exceed the serviceability limit states.

  • The impact of institutions on innovation networks: empirical evidence from Poland
    • Przemysław Banasik
    • Sylwia Morawska
    • Małgorzata Godlewska
    2022 Pełny tekst Technological and Economic Development of Economy

    Innovation networks may accelerate and improve the innovation process, while institutional pathologies may hamper it. This study employs the Kruskal-Wallis H test and regression analysis to determine if the relationship between institutions and innovation networks does exist among the investigated variables. The purpose of the study was to find out whether cooperation with special local institutions influences the innovative behaviour of local governments manifested by participation in innovation networks or innovation networks based on formal institutions limit institutional pathologies better than informal ones. Current paper presents results of an empirical study conducted through survey among all local governments in Poland. The findings show that previous cooperation with special local institutions influences the innovation behaviour of local governments or innovation networks based on formal rules limit the institutional pathologies of innovation networks better than those based on sanctions, common values, codes of ethics, governance codes or culture. The investigated problem is significant, as properly functioning innovation networks may generate incremental innovations, which may help to solve the contemporary challenges. The practical implications for national regulatory bodies highlight the need for an enforcement mechanism which may support the formalisation of innovation networks.

  • The impact of interactions between polyphenolic antioxidants on the redox-related chemical and biological properties of their mixtures – the extension of food synergy concept.
    • Monika Baranowska
    2022

    The results of studies indicate that chemopreventive efficiency of isolated phytochemicals is lower than that of polyphenol-rich foods. This discrepancy has been ascribed to the food synergy concept that assumes additive or even synergistic influence of different food ingredients on human health. The results presented in the dissertation made it possible to propose an alternative and innovative explanation of these observations. The research carried out within the frame of PhD project has shown that properties of polyphenol mixtures are not just the combination of enhanced or weakened activities displayed by individual components. The study revealed the pronounced impact of interactions between polyphenols on redox-related biological activities. This was enabled owing to the wide range of methods used, including the assessment of cellular antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, epigenetic and nutrigenomic activity using a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line exposed to either pure compounds, model mixtures or natural extracts. These studies led to the formulation of the thesis that the activity of a mixture of polyphenols is dictated by interactions between the components, which creates a new substance displaying modified chemical and physicochemical properties resulting in unique biological effects.

  • The Impact of Isocyanate Index and Filler Functionalities on the Performance of Flexible Foamed Polyurethane/Ground Tire Rubber Composites
    • Adam Olszewski
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Adam Piasecki
    • Mateusz Barczewski
    • Aleksander Hejna
    2022 Pełny tekst Polymers

    The structure and performance of polyurethane (PU) foams are strongly driven by the stoichiometry of the polyaddition reaction, quantitatively described by the isocyanate index. It determines the balance between isocyanate and hydroxyl groups in the reacting system and is affected by the introduction of additional functionalities originated, e.g., from applied fillers. Nevertheless, this issue is hardly taken into account in research works. Herein, the structure and performance of PU/ground tire rubber (GTR) composites differing in their isocyanate index (from 0.8 to 1.2) and prepared with and without considering the GTR functionalities in formulation development were investigated. Incorporating GTR into the PU matrix led to a reduction in average cell diameter (from 2 to 30% depending on the isocyanate index) compared to unfilled foams. However, formulation adjustments did not show a significant impact on cellular structure. The only decrease in open cell content was noted, from 10% for the 0.9 index to 40% for 1.2. Such changes were related to the increasing strength of the PU cellular structure able to maintain inside the increasing amount of carbon dioxide. On the other hand, considering hydroxyl values of GTR noticeably affected the thermomechanical performance of composites. The shift of glass transition temperature (Tg), even by 10 °C for 1.2 isocyanate index, enhanced the performance of materials, which was expressed in an 8–62% drop in the composite performance factor, pointing to the enhanced reinforcing effect resulting from filler incorporation. The stiffening of foams, related to the variations in PU segmental structure, also caused minor changes in the course of thermal degradation of PU/GTR composites due to the inferior thermal stability of hard segments. The obtained results provide important insights into the development of formulations of PU composites filled with materials containing reactive functional groups able to disrupt the stoichiometric balance of the polyaddition reaction.

  • The impact of knowledge risk management on sustainability
    • Małgorzata Zięba
    • Susanne Durst
    • Christoph Hinteregger
    2022 Pełny tekst Journal of Knowledge Management

    Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of knowledge risk management (KRM) on organizational sustainability and the role of innovativeness and agility in this relationship. Methodology The study presents the results of a quantitative survey performed among 179 professionals from knowledge-intensive organizations dealing with knowledge risks and their management in organizations. Data included in this study are from both private and public organizations located all over the world and were collected through an online survey. Findings The results have confirmed that innovativeness and agility positively impact the sustainability of organizations; agility also positively impacts organizational innovativeness. The partial influence of KRM on both innovativeness and agility of organizations has been confirmed as well. Implications The paper's findings contribute in different ways to the ongoing debates in the literature. First, they contribute to the general study of risk management by showing empirically its role in organizations, in the given case of organizational sustainability. Second, by emphasizing risks related to knowledge, this study contributes to emerging efforts highlighting the particular role of knowledge for sustained organizational development. Third, by linking KRM and organizational sustainability, this paper contributes empirically to building knowledge in this very recent field of study. This understanding is also useful for future development in the field of knowledge management (KM) as a whole. Originality The paper lays the ground for both a deeper and more nuanced understanding of knowledge risks in organizations in general and regarding sustainability in particular. As such, the paper offers new food for thought for researchers dealing with the topics of knowledge risks, KM, and organizational risk management in general.

  • The impact of mass-media campaigns on physical activity: a review of reviews through a policy lens
    • Nicole den Braver
    • Enrique García Bengoechea
    • Sven Messing
    • Liam Kelly
    • Jeanne Linda Schoonmade
    • Kevin Volf
    • Joanna Żukowska
    • Peter Gelius
    • Sarah Forberger
    • Catherine B Woods
    • Jeroen Lakerveld
    2022 Pełny tekst EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH

    Background This review of reviews aimed to: (1) summarize the evidence from published reviews on the effectiveness of mass-media campaigns to promote physical activity (PA) or PA-related determinants (intermediate psychological and proximal outcomes) and (2) to identify policy-relevant recommendations related to successful PA campaigns. Methods An extensive literature search was performed on 1 March 2021. Reviews that evaluated the impact of campaigns on distal (e.g. PA) and/or proximal outcomes of PA (awareness, knowledge, etc.) and that targeted the general population or subsets were included. Quality of reviews was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Policy-relevant recommendations were systematically derived and synthesized and formulated as good practice statements. A protocol was registered beforehand (ID: CRD42021249184). Results A total of 1915 studies were identified, of which 22 reviews were included. The most consistent evidence was found for the effectiveness of mass-media campaigns on proximal outcomes, while the evidence for distal outcomes was mixed. Good practice statements were derived: (1) to achieve behaviour change, mass-media is an important component of larger, multilevel and multicomponent strategies; (2) mass-media strategies should be coordinated and aligned at local- and national-level and be sustained, monitored and resourced at these levels and (3) media should be tailored to reduce socioeconomic inequalities. Conclusions Mass-media can play an important role in the promotion of PA. In general, evidence was more inconsistent for effectiveness on distal outcomes than for proximal outcomes. Policy-relevant recommendations include that mass-media strategies should be resourced, coordinated, aligned, sustained, monitored and evaluated on the local and national level.

  • The impact of natural fibers’ characteristics on mechanical properties of the cement composites
    • Marzena Kurpińska
    • Magdalena Pawelska-Mazur
    • Yining Gu
    • Filip Kurpiński
    2022 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    The paper reviews the properties of cement composites reinforced with short fibres. The effect of natural fibres was investigated: cotton, sisal, jute, ramie, bamboo, and synthetic fibres: polymer and polypropylene. It was noticed that the fibres change the consistency of the mixture up to 15%. In the composite flexural strength tests, a change in strength by +/− 8% was observed, depending on the type of fibres used. The research shows that the use of natural fibres had a positive effect on the compressive strength by 27%, while the use of synthetic fibres caused its decrease by 4%. Additionally, it was noticed that the chemical composition, the diameter and the total length of the fibres in the element have an impact on the composite shrinkage. The fibre-containing composites showed an 8% higher water absorption compared to the non-fibre samples. The exception is the ramie fibres, which reduce water absorption. In general, a positive effect of natural fibers on the properties of cement composites has been noticed, however, in case of natural fibres application, a thorough further properties investigation is recommended.

  • The impact of shipping 4.0 on controlling shipping accidents: A systematic literature review
    • Arash Sepehri
    • Hadi Rezaei Vandchali
    • Atiq W. Siddiqui
    • Jakub Montewka
    2022 Pełny tekst OCEAN ENGINEERING

    Maritime shipping, with a significant role in global trade, confronts various accidents leading to loss of lives, properties, and the environment. Shipping 4.0 technologies are scaling up to address this problem by employing real-time data-driven technologies, including cyber-physical systems, advanced tracking and tracing, intelligent systems, and big data analytics. Despite growing attention, there is a general lack of clarity on the level and direction of progress in this field. Accordingly, this study aims to identify critical shipping accident risks, analyze the role of relevant shipping 4.0 technologies in controlling these risks, and consolidate the findings into a conceptual guiding framework directing future developments. Accordingly, a systematic review is performed that reveals how shipping 4.0 approaches address critical accident risks and the gaps that still exist. Overall, we found that the collision is the most frequent accident referred to, while the most frequent technology to control the accidents is the Automatic Identification System. In contrast, we see an evident lack of cloud computing, internet-of-things, and big data analytics, which play crucial roles in current industry 4.0 developments.

  • The impact of surface slope and calculation resolution on the fractal dimension for fractures of steels after bending-torsion fatigue
    • Wojciech Macek
    2022 Pełny tekst Surface Topography-Metrology and Properties

    The article presents the results of the fractal dimension measurements on the fatigue fracture surfaces of 10HNAP and S355J2 steels specimens after combined bending-torsion fatigue. For smooth and ring-notched specimens, three loading conditions were analyzed: (1) bending; (2) bending-torsion; and (3) torsion fatigue. Post-failure surface topography measurements were carried out on the entire fracture surfaces using an optical profilometer. The fractal dimension was computed with general slope and after removing them by leveling operation, as well as with two different resolutions. The analysis of the fractal dimension delineated by the enclosing boxes method (EBM) allowed to formulate guidelines that, in terms of further estimation of the method of failure, the optimum is extra-fine resolution without leveling.

  • The impact of thermomechanical and chemical treatment of waste Brewers’ spent grain and soil biodegradation of sustainable Mater-Bi-Based biocomposites
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Mateusz Barczewski
    • Paulina Kosmela
    • Olga Mysiukiewicz
    • Paweł Sulima
    • Andrzej Jerzy Przyborowski
    • Mohammad Saeb
    2022 Pełny tekst WASTE MANAGEMENT

    Due to the massive plastic pollution, development of sustainable and biodegradable polymer materials is crucial to reduce environmental burdens and support climate neutrality. Application of lignocellulosic wastes as fillers for polymer composites was broadly reported, but analysis of biodegradation behavior of resulting biocomposites was rarely examined. Herein, sustainable Mater-Bi-based biocomposites filled with thermomechanically- and chemically-modified brewers’ spent grain (BSG) were prepared and subjected to 12-week soil burial test simu- lating their biodegradation in natural environment. BSG stabilizing effect on polymer matrix affected by the content of melanoidins and antioxidant phytochemicals, along with the impact of diisocyanate applied to strengthen the interfacial adhesion. Biocomposites showed 25–35 wt% mass loss over 12 weeks resulting from swelling of BSG filler and sample microcracking, which increased surface roughness by 247–448 %. The degree of decomposition was partially reduced by BSG modifications pointing to the stabilizing effect of melanoidins and phytochemicals, and enhanced interfacial adhesion. Soil burial-induced structural changes enhanced bio- composites’ thermal stability determined by thermogravimetric analysis shifting decomposition onset by 14.4–32.0 ◦C due to the biodegradation of lower molecular weight starch macromolecules confirmed by dif- ferential scanning calorimetry. For unfilled Mater-Bi, it caused an average 32 % reduction in complex viscosity and storage modulus captured by oscillatory rheological measurements. Nonetheless, the inverse effect was noted for biocomposites where modulus increased even by one order of magnitude due to the swelling of BSG particles and amorphous phase decomposition. Presented results indicate that BSG promotes soil degradation of Mater-Bi and its rate can be engineered by biofiller treatment elaboration

  • The importance and availability of marine certified reference materials
    • Chintankumar Padariya
    • Małgorzata Rutkowska
    • Piotr Konieczka
    2022 CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

    Traceability and reliable results are the two pillars of analytical methods; certified reference materials (CRMs) meet this requirement. ISO 17034:2016 credentials provide brief information on general requirements for the competence of Reference Material Producers (RMPs). The different types of CRMs have been produced in recent years for chemical analysis in food, water, soil, and sediment matrices in recent years. This review provides a detailed overview of the development of CRMs in the field of marine environment, as matrix CRMs play an important role in the field of environmental monitoring. COMAR database, EVISA database: materials, LGC standards, and JRC catalogs are very helpful online resources to find various types of CRMs according to the application requirements.

  • The Importance of Demand and Environment for Defining and Establishing the Role of Data Stewards
    • Anna Wałek
    • Patrick Helling
    • Felix Rau
    • Monika Linne
    • Jens Dierkes
    • Mijke Jetten
    • Magdalena Szuflita-Żurawska
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Data stewardship is now a central part of FAIR research data management. Although various types of positions called data stewards have been created at academic institutions over the last years, no demand-oriented, formal model of data stewardship and the associated roles exist so far. This workshop report presents the outcomes of the panel discussion “The Importance of Demand and Environment for Defining Data Stewardship” held at the International FAIR Convergence Symposium 2020. It starts with the description of the situation at four structurally diverse research data management centers and their individual perspectives on the idea and role of data stewards. Despite efforts to define the profile of a data steward, the role is still new and the individual position profiles have not yet converged on a coherent job description, which is showing that local demand and environment are still more defining for specific positions than a generalized data steward role.

  • The Influence of Cooperation on the Operation of an MPC Controller Pair in a Nuclear Power Plant Turbine Generator Set
    • Paweł Sokólski
    • Tomasz Adam Rutkowski
    • Bartosz Ceran
    • Daria Złotecka
    • Dariusz Horla
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    The paper discusses the problem of cooperation between multiple model predictive control (MPC) systems. This approach aims at improving the control quality in electrical energy generation and forms the next step in a series of publications by the authors focusing on the optimization and control of electric power systems. Cooperation and cooperative object concepts in relation to a multi MPC system are defined and a cooperative control solution for a nuclear power plant’s turbine generator set is proposed. The aim of enabling information exchange between the controllers is to improve the performance of power generation. Presented and discussed simulation tests include various variants of information exchange between the turbine and synchronous generator MPC controllers of the nuclear power plant.

  • The influence of ILs on TiO2 microspheres activity towards 5-FU removal under artificial sunlight irradiation
    • Patrycja Wilczewska
    • Anna Pancielejko
    • Justyna Łuczak
    • Malwina Kroczewska
    • Wojciech Lisowski
    • Ewa Siedlecka
    2022 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE

    In this work, the effect of various ionic liquids (ILs), namely, choline chloride [Chol][Cl], hexadecylpyridynium chloride [HDPy][Cl], and tributylmethylammonium chloride [TBMA][Cl], on the morphology, surface compo-sition in relation to photocatalytic oxidation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and phenol in the presence of TiO2 pho-tocatalysts under artificial sunlight conditions was investigated. The highest photoactivity towards cytostatic drug removal was found when [TBMA][Cl] was used for the synthesis, for phenol removal photoactivity was not changed in all cases. Among the selected ionic liquids, only [TMBA][Cl] made it possible to form the Ti3+species, which was equivalent to the occurrence of oxygen vacancies and was beneficial for the photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the increase of ILs-TiO2 photoactivity was assigned to the presence of IL or IL’s organic residues on the photocatalyst surface responsible for better hole and electron separation. The mechanism of 5-FU degradation over the most photoactive photocatalyst was varied under different types of light irradiation, and •OHfree radicals were the major entities in the drug removal under UV light, while holes and •OH free radicals under solar light. These studies represent a promising approach to cytostatic drug removal in the presence of TiO2 microspheres prepared in the presence of others than imidazolium-based ILs.

  • The Influence of Low-Temperature Disintegration on the Co-Fermentation Process of Distillation Residue and Waste-Activated Sludge
    • Anna Remiszewska-Skwarek
    • Ryszard Wierzchnicki
    • Otton K. Roubinek
    • Archana Kasinath
    • Alicja Jeżewska
    • Magdalena Jasinska
    • Hubert Byliński
    • Andrzej G. Chmielewski
    • Krzysztof Czerwionka
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    : Innovative low-temperature disintegration (process temperature 55 ◦C and oxygen concentration 0.2 mg/dm3 ) can be an economically rational technology to intensifying energy production from renewable sources. The proposed process can achieve a degree of disintegration—under optimal conditions—of about 50%, which is excellent when compared with other methods of feed pre-treatment. The low-temperature disintegration of distillation residue and waste-activated sludge before the co-fermentation process increased biogas production by 30% and methane production by 65% (over a 26 d duration). The obtained results confirm that the low-temperature disintegration method can be effectively used to pre-prepare this type of feed. At the same time, it was discovered that the Gompertz model can be used to mathematically describe the biogas accumulation curves in the methane co-fermentation processes of the tested feeds (the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.98).

  • The influence of Nigella sativa essential oil on proliferation, activation, and apoptosis of human T lymphocytes in vitro
    • Klaudia Ciesielska-Figlon
    • Agnieszka Daca
    • Adam Kokotkiewicz
    • Maria Łuczkiewicz
    • Bożena Zabiegała
    • Jacek M. Witkowski
    • Katarzyna A. Lisowska
    2022 Pełny tekst BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY

    In previous work, we tested the immunomodulatory effect of Nigella sativa (NS) fatty oil. Our results demonstrated that unrefined, obtained by cold pressing black cumin seed oil inhibited lymphocytes’ proliferation and induced their apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we examined the immunomodulatory properties of essential oil (EO) obtained from the NS seeds by hydrodistillation and its two main constituents: thymoquinone (TQ) and p-cymene. We analyzed the proliferation, activation phenotype, and apoptosis rates of human T lymphocytes stimulated with an immobilized monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody in the presence of serial ethanol dilutions of tested oil or serial distilled water dilutions of tested compounds with flow cytometry. Our results showed that NSEO significantly inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced the expression of CD28 and CD25 antigens essential for lymphocyte activation. TQ inhibited the proliferation of T lymphocytes and induced cell death, particularly in high concentrations. Meanwhile, p-cymene did not influence lymphocyte proliferation. However, its high concentration induced cell necrosis. These results show that the essential oil from Nigella sativa has powerful immunomodulatory properties, which, at least partially, are related to the TQ component.

  • The influence of pressure drop on the working volume of a hydraulic motor
    • Paweł Śliwiński
    2022 Pełny tekst Eksploatacja i Niezawodność - Maintenance and Reliability

    Reliability and maintenance analysis of hydraulic positive machines basicly focused on the processes of their wear and failure. But in order to correctly assess the mechanical and volumetric efficiency of a hydraulic motor, both at the stage of development research or at the stage of control tests during its exploitation, the working volume of this motor must be correctly determined. Therefore this paper proposes a new method of assessment of the size of the working volume of a hydraulic motor. It has been shown that the hydraulic motor absorbency per one revolution of this motor shaft is a non-linear function of pressure drop in working mechanism of the motor and non-linear function of motor rotational speed. Thus the relation between the working volume of a hydraulic motor and the pressure drop in the motor working mechanism is a non-linear function. This working volume as a function of pressure drop has been called the actual working volume. The correctness of the proposed method was confirmed experimentally.