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  • Tolerance Optimization of Antenna Structures by Means of Response Feature Surrogates
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2022 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

    Fabrication tolerances and other types of uncertainties, e.g., the lack of precise knowledge of material parameters, have detrimental effects on electrical and field performance of antenna systems. In the case of input characteristics these are particularly noticeable for narrow- and multi-band antennas where deviations of geometry parameters from their nominal values lead to frequency shifts of the operating frequency bands. Improving design robustness is therefore important yet challenging. On the one hand, it is numerically demanding as it involves uncertainty quantification (UQ), in particular, estimation and improvement of appropriately defined statistical performance metrics. On the other hand, it has to be carried out at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models, which incurs considerable computational expenses. Executing UQ tasks at practically acceptable costs can be realized using surrogate modeling methods; however, construction of reliable metamodels is hindered by the curse of dimensionality. This paper proposes a novel approach to robust design of antenna structures, where the task is formulated to increase the maximum values of parameter deviations for which 100-percent fabrication yield is ensured. Low cost of the optimization process is enabled by incorporating feature-based regression models for rapid yield estimation, as well as the employment of the trust-region framework for adaptive adjustment of design relocation but also as a convergence safeguard. Our methodology is validated using three microstrip antennas, including two dual-band and a triple-band structure.

  • Tolerance-Aware Multi-Objective Optimization of Antennas by Means of Feature-Based Regression Surrogates
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    2022 Pełny tekst IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION

    Assessing the immunity of antenna design to fabrication tolerances is an important consideration, especially when the manufacturing process has not been predetermined. At the same time, the antenna parameter tuning should be oriented toward improving the performance figures pertinent to both electrical (e.g., input matching) and field properties (e.g., axial ratio bandwidth) as much as possible. Identification of available trade-offs between the robustness and nominal performance can be realized through multi-objective optimization (MO), which is an intricate and computationally expensive task. This paper proposes a novel technique for fast tolerance-aware MO of antenna structures. The key component of the presented methodology is a feature-based regression surrogate, established based on the characteristic points of antenna responses extracted from its electromagnetic (EM)-simulation data, and employed for a rapid estimation of the maximum allowed input tolerance levels for given values of performance parameters of interest. Subsequent trade-off designs are generated by tuning the antenna parameters for various assumed values of relevant figures of interest (e.g., the operating bandwidth). As demonstrated using three microstrip antennas, a rendition of performance-robustness trade-off designs can be accomplished at the cost of just about forty (for six-parameter antenna) to about eighty (for fourteen-parameter antenna) per design EM analyses of the respective structure. Reliability of the approach is validated through direct EM-driven Monte Carlo analysis at the selected designs.

  • Tolerance-Aware Optimization of Microwave Circuits by Means of Principal Directions and Domain-Restricted Metamodels
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Ullah Ubaid
    2022 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

    Practical microwave design is most often carried out in the nominal sense. Yet, in some cases, performance degradation due to uncertainties may lead to the system failing to meet the prescribed specifications. Reliable uncertainty quantification (UQ) is therefore important yet intricate from numerical standpoint, especially when the circuit at hand is to be evaluated using electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. Tolerance-aware design (e.g., yield improvement) is even more challenging. This paper introduces a methodology for low-cost surrogate-based yield optimization of passive microwave components. The novelty of the proposed approach, and, at the same time, its major acceleration factor is to span the metamodel model domain with the selected principal vectors, characterized by significant response variability within operating frequency bands of the component under design. This results in a volume-wise constriction of the domain (thereby lower cost of the surrogate model setup) without restricting its size along the relevant directions of the parameter space. Consequently, our technique is a one-shot approach for yield optimization that does not require neither domain relocation nor surrogate re-construction. Our methodology is demonstrated using two microstrip components, and favorably compared to benchmark metamodeling techniques in terms of the computational cost of the yield maximization procedure. The average cost is only 130 EM simulations of the respective circuit, versus the average of 800 and over 360 analyses for the benchmark procedures. At the same time, its reliability is verified by means of EM-based Monte Carlo simulation.

  • Tool Wear Monitoring Using Improved Dragonfly Optimization Algorithm and Deep Belief Network
    • Leo Gertrude David
    • Raj Kumar Patra
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    • Parameshachari Bidare Divakarachari
    • Lourdusamy Jegan Antony Marcilin
    2022 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    In recent decades, tool wear monitoring has played a crucial role in the improvement of industrial production quality and efficiency. In the machining process, it is important to predict both tool cost and life, and to reduce the equipment downtime. The conventional methods need enormous quantities of human resources and expert skills to achieve precise tool wear information. To automatically identify the tool wear types, deep learning models are extensively used in the existing studies. In this manuscript, a new model is proposed for the effective classification of both serviceable and worn cutting edges. Initially, a dataset is chosen for experimental analysis that includes 254 images of edge profile cutting heads; then, circular Hough transform, canny edge detector, and standard Hough transform are used to segment 577 cutting edge images, where 276 images are disposable and 301 are functional. Furthermore, feature extraction is carried out on the segmented images utilizing Local Binary Pattern (LBPs) and Speeded up Robust Features (SURF), Harris Corner Detection (HCD), Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), and Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) feature descriptors for extracting the texture feature vectors. Next, the dimension of the extracted features is reduced by an Improved Dragonfly Optimization Algorithm (IDOA) that lowers the computational complexity and running time of the Deep Belief Network (DBN), while classifying the serviceable and worn cutting edges. The experimental evaluations showed that the IDOA-DBN model attained 98.83% accuracy on the patch configuration of full edge division, which is superior to the existing deep learning models.

  • Topical delivery of pharmaceutical and cosmetic macromolecules using microemulsion systems
    • Patrycja Szumała
    • Adam Macierzanka
    2022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS

    Microemulsions are transparent, thermodynamically stable colloidal systems. Over the recent years, they have been increasingly investigated due to their potential as skin delivery vehicles for a wide range of drug molecules. The nanoscale particle size and the specificity of microemulsion components are the main features determining the skin permeation process. However, in order to effectively cross the skin barrier, the active substance itself should also meet a number of requirements, such as relatively small molecular weight, high lipophilicity with certain polarity as well as a specific partition coefficient. This review focuses on recent advancements in topical microemulsion systems related to the transport of active ingredients into the skin, including those with high molecular weight and high polarity. Selected studies have shown that permeation of therapeutic macromolecules can be increased by the correct (i.e. tailored to a specific drug) design of the microemulsion. The degree of skin penetration as well as the kinetics and the site of drug release can be controlled by appropriate qualitative and quantitative selections of penetration promoters (microemulsion components), the structure of microemulsion and its viscosity. The drug-carrier interactions can also affect the effectiveness of microemulsion formulation. These relations have been described and evaluated in this review article.

  • Topochemical, Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal [2+2] Photocycloadditions Driven by Chalcogen‐Bonding Interactions
    • Jan Alfuth
    • Olivier Jeannin
    • Marc Fourmigué
    2022 Pełny tekst ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

    The face-to-face association of (E)-1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpen) molecules into rectangular motifs stabilized for the first time by chalcogen bonding (ChB) interactions is shown to provide photoreactive systems leading to cyclobutane formation through single-crystal-to-single-crystal [2+2] photodimerizations. The chelating chalcogen bond donors are based on original aromatic, ortho-substituted bis(selenocyanato)benzene derivatives 1–3, prepared from ortho-diboronic acid bis(pinacol) ester precursors and SeO2 and malononitrile in 75–90% yield. The very short intramolecular Se···Se distance in 1–3 (3.22–3.24 Å), a consequence of a strong intramolecular ChB interaction, expands to 3.52–3.54 Å in the chalcogen-bonded adducts with bpen, a distance (< 4 Å) well adapted to the face-to-face association of the bpen molecules into reactive position toward photochemical dimerization.

  • Topological extraordinary optical transmission
    • Konstantinos Baskourelos
    • O. Tsilipakos
    • Tomasz Stefański
    • S. F. Galata
    • E. N. Economou
    • M. Kafesaki
    • Kosmas L. Tsakmakidis
    2022 Pełny tekst Physical Review Research

    Τhe incumbent technology for bringing light to the nanoscale, the near-field scanning optical microscope, has notoriously small throughput efficiencies of the order of 10^4-10^5 or less. We report on a broadband, topological, unidirectionally guiding structure, not requiring adiabatic tapering and, in principle, enabling near-perfect (∼100%) optical transmission through an unstructured single arbitrarily subdiffraction slit at its end. Specifically, for a slit width of just λeff/72 (λ0/138) the attained normalized transmission coefficient reaches a value of 1.52, while for a unidirectional-only (nontopological) device the normalized transmission through a λeff/21 (∼λ0/107) slit reaches 1.14; both limited only by inherent material losses, and with zero reflection from the slit. The associated, under ideal (ultralow-loss) conditions, near-perfect optical extraordinary transmission has implications, among diverse areas in wave physics and engineering, for high-efficiency, maximum-throughput nanoscopes and heat-assisted magnetic recording devices.

  • TOTAL CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENTS FOR ELECTRON SCATTERING ON METHYL FORMATE (HCOOCH3) MOLECULE: METHYLATION EFFECT
    • Natalia Tańska
    • Kuba Wójcik
    • Sylwia Dylnicka
    • Elżbieta Ptasińska-Denga
    • Czesław Szmytkowski
    • Paweł Możejko
    2022 Pełny tekst PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY OF BELGRADE

    We present the absolute total cross section (TCS) for electron scattering from the methyl formate (HCOOCH3) molecule measured in the 10-300 eV energy range, with electrostatic electron spectrometer working in the linear transmission mode. Comparison of TCS for the HCOOCH3 molecule with that measured earlier for the formic acid (HCOOH) compound manifests the methylation effect i.e. the response of the electron scattering dynamics on replacing of the hydrogen atom in the hydroxy group in HCOOH with the methyl group (-CH3). It is also shown that the TCS for methyl formate can be estimated with simple additivity rule, using TCSs for the formic acid, ethane and hydrogen molecules. The energy dependence of determined this way TCS for HCOOCH3 and the measured values are in very good agreement above 20 eV.

  • Total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in braised and crude Boletus edulis carpophores during various developmental stages
    • Jerzy Falandysz
    • Martyna Saba
    • Małgorzata Rutkowska
    • Piotr Konieczka
    2022 Pełny tekst ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH

    We collected and processed Boletus edulis (King Bolete) carpophores grouped in four batches based on their developmental stage (button stage, young—white, large—white, and large—yellow). The study aimed, for the first time, to examine the B. edulis content and effect of braising and to estimate the intake of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) from a single meal based on whole (wet) weight (ww) and dry weight (dw). In braised carpophores, THg concentrations ranged from 0.2668 ± 0.0090 to 0.5434 ± 0.0071 mg kg−1 ww at different developmental stages, whereas crude products concentrations ranged from 0.1880 ± 0.0247 to 0.2929 ± 0.0030 mg kg−1 ww. The button stage crude carpophores were more highly contaminated with THg than at later stages of maturity, but MeHg levels were lower (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, braised button stage carpophores showed more MeHg than at later maturity stages. MeHg contributed at 1.9 ± 0.7% in THg in crude mushrooms and at 1.4 ± 0.3% in braised meals. The effect of braising was to increase the average THg and MeHg contents in fresh mushroom meals by 52 ± 31% and 53 ± 122% respectively, but a reduction of 40 ±14% and 40 ± 49% respectively was seen on a dw basis. The potential intakes of THg and MeHg from braised meals of B. edulis studied were small and considered safe.

  • Toward a unified model of mobile Business Intelligence (m-BI) acceptance and use
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    • Jolanta Kowal
    • Mateusz Kalinowski
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Factors affecting mobile business intelligence (m-BI) acceptance and use have become an increasingly important topic in practice due to the growing complexity of organizations, and their underlying information systems (IS). Since, one can notice considerable interest in m-BI, however, to the best of our knowledge few studies (if any) aim to synthesize the existing body of knowledge with regards to the factors affecting m-BI acceptance and use. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic literature review and summarized the current state of the art. By addressing research questions, we identified a set of five factors, namely: Perceived Value, Perceived Ease of Use, Managerial Attitudes, Facilitating Conditions and Quality of Information, and specified their inter-relationships. Moreover, we introduce an acceptance model (m-BIAM) on behavioral intention and use mobile Business Intelligence solutions. The contribution of this study lies in these evidence-based findings, which lay a solid foundation for further studies in the extent of testing and evaluating the m-BIAM model, targeted at delivering more evidence to confirm its validity and predictive power.

  • Towards an Understanding of the Stability Assessment of Floating Buildings
    • Artur Karczewski
    2022

    One of the most important aspects of the design of floating facilities such as ships, floating offshore structures or floating houses is stability. Its impact on both general safety and operational aspects renders it a fundamental consideration already in preliminary design stages. Usually, the concept of sufficient stability of floating buildings is associated with the ability to keep an allowed heel angle and residual freeboard, despite the action of the heeling moment. Once in the water, a floating object has to withstand different environmental conditions. It is always acted upon by forces from various factors. The main sources of load are wind, waves and the shift of inhabitants. However, the challenges in the assessment of stability are also connected to how a floating structure responds to these sources of load and also to the method of performing a stability analysis. This paper focuses on wind load and revisits several challenges encountered in the stability calculations and in the prediction of the behavior of floating buildings. A review of the current regulations was also performed in this respect. The obtained results indicate the necessity and also direction of further considerations related to the safety of stationary floating objects.

  • Towards application of uncertainty quantification procedure combined with experimental procedure for assessment of the accuracy of the DEM approach dedicated for granular flow modeling
    • Agata Widuch
    • Marcin Nowak
    • Dawid Sukiennik
    • Kari Myöhänen
    • Markku Nikku
    • Srujal Shah
    • Alessandro Parente
    • Wojciech Adamczyk
    2022 POWDER TECHNOLOGY

    There is a high demand for accurate and fast numerical models for dense granular flows found in many industrial applications. Nevertheless, before numerical model can be used its need to be always validated against experimental data. During the validation, it is important to consider how the measurement data sets, as well as the numerical models, are affected by errors and uncertainties. In this study, the uncertainty quantification for the Discrete Element Method (DEM) model was performed based on selected quantities of interest (QOI), which were measured at a test rig. The uncertainty quantification was performed with open-source Dakota code, and the Latin hypercube sampling technique was used to determine test points. Various correlations between the input and output data were investigated to assess the impact of the possible input data errors on the output values determined by the solver. The results were validated against the measurement data from a novel in-house experimental test rig. The novel character of this work is developed procedure for study the impact of the uncertainties related with the input data on numerical results delivered by DEM model. In-house algorithm written using OpenCV libraries for determining particle motion characteristics from image dataset was used for results determination and postprocessing.

  • Towards azeotropic MeOH-MTBE separation using pervaporation chitosan-based deep eutectic solvent membranes
    • Roberto Castro-Muñoz
    • Asma Msahel
    • Francesco Galiano
    • Marcin Serocki
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Sofiane Ben Hamouda
    • Amor Hafiane
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Alberto Figoli
    2022 Pełny tekst SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

    Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of solvents that can offset some of the major drawbacks of common solvents and ionic liquids. When dealing with the preparation of dense membranes, the use of DESs is still challenging due to their low compatibility with the polymer phase. In this research, a novel L-proline:sulfolane (molar ratio 1:2) DES was synthesized and used for the preparation of more sustainable bio-based membranes using chitosan (CS) as a polymer phase. The compatibility among both phases (polymer and DESs) and their ability to form homogenous membranes was preliminary studied. In this regard, scanning electron and confocal microscopies were used to completely map the structure of the resulting membranes evidencing a complete homogenous structure. The membranes were also characterized in terms of contact angle (CA), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical resistance and swelling degree (uptake). Preliminary pervaporation tests for the separation of a methanol (MeOH)- methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) azeotropic mixture were, thus, performed. In this regard, the addition of DESs provided an enhanced separation efficiency in comparison to pristine CS membranes. Thanks to the morphology and properties exhibited, the newly developed membranes can be considered as excellent bio-based candidates to be explored in other gas selective and solvent oriented membrane operations.

  • Towards Carbon Neutral Settlements. The Importance of Early-Stage Urban and Energetic Optimizations
    • Justyna Martyniuk-Pęczek
    • Julia Kurek
    • Justyna Borucka
    2022 Pełny tekst ACE-Architecture City and Environment

    The aim of the research was to verify the essence of interdisciplinary energy optimizations in earlystage urban design process. A further aim was to the find most optimal design variant and scenario in terms of urban energy efficiency for the future development in Nowy Port, located in Gdansk, Poland - a place requiring complex revitalization. The research combined qualitative and quantitative approaches; an urban design layer (architectural analysis of spatial systems and planning) and an energy layer (simulations). For energy and environmental simulations, the ELAS calculator was used in an innovative way, that enabled comparison of results of several projects in terms of energy demand, carbon dioxide lifecycle emissions and ecological footprint for different urban layouts. The innovative method including the application of ELAS tool in early-stage design phase proved to be relevant and allowed for an appropriate pre-assessment and comparison of urban energy efficiency parameters and life cycle analysis at an initial stage of the project. One of the key conclusions is that the design variant with the highest building density was not the most advantageous in terms of low environmental impact and energy demand. In addition, the research demonstrated that the individual behavior of residents, their mobility patterns and the energy systems are more important than the improvements focused only on building energy performance.

  • Towards classification of patients based on surface EMG data of temporomandibular joint muscles using self-organising maps
    • Mateusz Troka
    • Wiktoria Wojnicz
    • Katarzyna Szepietowska
    • Marek Podlasiński
    • Sebastian Walerzak
    • Konrad Walerzak
    • Izabela Lubowiecka
    2022 Pełny tekst Biomedical Signal Processing and Control

    The study considers the need for an effective method of classification of patients with a temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD). The self-organising map method (SOM) was applied to group patients and used together with the cross-correlation approach to interpret the processed (rectified and smoothed by using root mean square (RMS) algorithm) surface electromyography signal (sEMG) obtained from testing the muscles (two temporal muscles and two masseters) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during selected jaw movements. SOM’s Unified distance matrix (U-matrix) maps consist of formed clusters that correspond to similarities in input datasets. The results showed that SOM was able to encode muscular responses and create clusters. Information about the level of similarity between the activity of right, left, ipsilateral, and contralateral pairs of muscles was provided by intra cross-correlation coefficient (CC). A low intra CC value may indicate instability of the TMJ function. Information about the level of similarity between the sEMG signals of the same muscles tested in two different patients was provided by inter CC. SOM analysis can be used to interpret the activation of muscular systems, and by comparing the results of different individuals also to identify their TMJ health. Using the cross-correlation approach, one can find similarities in the sEMG data of different patients that can be used to provide clinically useful information. Such findings could be used to improve the clinical diagnosis of TMD and assess muscle activity during treatment.

  • Towards Designing an Innovative Industrial Fan: Developing Regression and Neural Models Based on Remote Mass Measurements
    • Jacek Czyżewicz
    • Piotr Jaskólski
    • Paweł Ziemiański
    • Marian Piwowarski
    • Mateusz Bortkiewicz
    • Krzysztof Laszuk
    • Ireneusz Galara
    • Marta Pawłowska
    • Karol Cybulski
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    This article presents the process of the construction and testing a remote, fully autonomous system for measuring the operational parameters of fans. The measurement results obtained made it possible to create and verify mathematical models using linear regression and neural networks. The process was implemented as part of the first stage of an innovative project. The article presents detailed steps of constructing a system to collect and process measurement data from fans installed in actual operating conditions and the results of analysis of this data. In particular, a measurement infrastructure was developed, defined, and implemented. Measuring equipment was mounted on selected ventilation systems with relevant fans. Systems were implemented that allowed continuous measurement of ventilation system parameters and remote transmission of data to a server where it was regularly analysed and selected for use in the process of modelling and diagnostics. Pearson’s correlation analysis for p < 0.05 indicated that all seven parameters (suction temperature, discharge temperature, suction pressure, current consumption, rotational speed, humidity, and flow) were significantly correlated with efficiency (p < 0.001). A satisfactory level of correlation between the selected parameters measured in actual conditions and the characteristics of the fan and the ventilation system was experimentally verified. This was determined by finding 4 statistically significant parameters at a confidence level of 95%. This allowed the creation of two mathematical models of the fan system and the ventilation system using linear regression and neural networks. The linear regression model showed that the suction temperature, discharge temperature, and air humidity did not affect the fan efficiency (they are statistically insignificant, p > 0.05). The neural model, which considered all measured parameters, achieved the same accuracy as the model based on four significant parameters: suction pressure, current consumption, rotational speed, and flow.

  • Towards evaluation of the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria - examination of a fishing vessel vulnerability to surf-riding, based on historical capsizing
    • Zbigniew Szozda
    • Przemysław Krata
    2022 OCEAN ENGINEERING

    The Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISC) are the latest achievements in the field of intact ship stability assessment. The criteria are the result of massive international cooperative efforts and extensive research that lasted more than 15 years. Even though they are based on a solid scientific foundation, the trial period has commenced to collect user experience and further validation. One of possible approaches to evaluation of the credibility of the criteria is to demonstrate that ships which capsized in the past due to a stability failure are identified by the criteria as being vulnerable to that specific stability failure mode. The approach combines a critical analysis of the actual accident and calculations that follow procedures provided by the SGISC framework on Level 1 and Level 2. Such approach was applied to a historical catastrophe of a ship regarding the surf-riding stability failure mode. Polish flag fishing vessel m/t Cyranka, which capsized in the North Sea, has been examined for her vulnerability to the surf-riding/broaching-to phenomenon. The analysis shows that the vulnerability criteria related to surf-riding phenomenon can identify the observed vulnerability of the ship. This study contributes to the recognition of the new criteria as being reliable regarding the surf-riding. The proposed approach can be adopted for the evaluation of any stability failure mode covered by the SGISC.

  • Towards Knowledge Sharing Oriented Adaptive Control
    • Guixian Li
    • Yufeng Xu
    • Haoxi Zhang
    • Edward Szczerbicki
    2022 Pełny tekst CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS

    In this paper, we propose a knowledge sharing oriented approach to enable a robot to reuse other robots' knowledge by adapting itself to the inverse dynamics model of the knowledge-sharing robot. The purpose of this work is to remove the heavy fine-tuning procedure required before using a new robot for a task via reusing other robots' knowledge. We use the Neural Knowledge DNA (NK-DNA) to help robots gain empirical knowledge and introduce a Knowledge Adaption Module (KAM) utilizing the deep neural networks (DNN) for knowledge reuse. The initial experiment shows that the target robot can adapt to the inverse dynamic model of the source robot via our KAM and reuse the knowledge shared by the source robot.

  • Towards Open Research Data in the Economics Discipline
    • Piotr Kasprzak
    • Magdalena Szuflita-Żurawska
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Nowadays, Open Research Data, as one of the three pillars of Open Science (along with Open Access and Open Scholarly Communication), is gaining enormous attention from different academic and commercial environments. A wide range of scientific disciplines represent and produce different types of data and at the same time, gather different issues and problems in terms of sharing and dissemination research output. This chapter aims to briefly describe the current state of the scientific data for the business and economics disciplines. It presents the opportunities and concerns in those particular scientific fields where very often conducting research is supported not only by public funds but also by business and industry providers. Specific data types (such as financial data) need a particular approach to maintain them, especially in terms of the licensing, preservation and sharing openly. Their proper management can have a significant impact on the knowledge-based economy.

  • Towards spectral sensitivity curve for two-photon vision mechanism
    • Marcin Marzejon
    • Zielińska Agnieszka
    • Dorota Stachowiak
    • Grzegorz Soboń
    • Maciej Wojtkowski
    • Komar Katarzyna
    2022

    Abstract Purpose: The perceived brightness of different visible light sources can be compared with photometric units based on the standardized luminosity curves (300-780nm range). As reported previously (PNAS 111(50), pp. E5445-E5454 (2014)), near-infrared (NIR) radiation can cause isomerization of visual pigments by one- or two-photon absorption. The perceived color of the stimulus is red in the case of one-photon vision (1PV) or corresponds to half of the short-pulsed laser wavelength for the two-photon vision (2PV) mechanism. Since no luminosity curves for NIR range, comparison of such sources with photometric units is impossible. This study aims to provide an initial data for the 2PV spectral sensitivity curve (SSC). Methods: We measured the scotopic visibility thresholds at fovea for 4 healthy dark-adapted subjects (2 males, 2 females; 27-43 y/o) between 750-1075nm. Up to 930nm, the total visibility threshold corresponds only to 1PV mechanism. For the 810-930nm, subjects distinguished 2 thresholds: the loss of half of the wavelength hue (2PV threshold) and total visibility (1PV) threshold. Starting from 950nm, only 2PV mechanism caused the visual sensation. The stimulus was a 0.5 deg diameter flickering circle projected in the retina by scanners. Two tunable pulsed light sources: OPO (750-990nm, Frep=76MHz, τp=204fs) and fiber laser (872-1075nm, Frep=51.5MHz, τp=205±9fs) were employed for psychophysical tests. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Collegium Medicum, NCU. Results: The 1PV thresholds agreed with the previous works (JOSA 37(7), pp. 546-554 (1947)). Within the 810-930nm range, a relatively high standard deviation of the 2PV thresholds was observed, as finding the disappearance of half of the wavelength hue is a relatively difficult task. 2PV thresholds slightly differ for OPO and fiber laser, which is explainable by differences in pulse durations and repetition rates. For ~1040nm, the 2PV threshold values agreed to the previous authors’ results. Conclusions: The 2PV sensitivity increased with wavelength of about 1 order of magnitude (810-1075nm range). Starting from 1010 nm, the shape of the obtained 2PV SSC differs from the wavelength-doubled scotopic luminosity curve for 1PV, corrected by the eye media transmittance. The maximum of 2PV SSC was not found. The results allowed us to obtain the first approximation of the 2PV SCC shape up to 1075nm.

  • Towards spectroscopic monitoring of photoelectrodes: In-situ Raman photoelectrochemistry of a TiO2/prussian blue photoanode
    • Konrad Trzciński
    • Mariusz Szkoda
    • Zuzanna Zarach
    • Mirosław Sawczak
    • Andrzej Nowak
    2022 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

    Here, novel in-situ Raman photoelectrochemical measurements are performed. The obtained results have proved that it is possible to track the progress of a photoelectrochemical reaction that takes place on a semiconducting electrode using the spectroscopic method. As an exemplary system, the Ti/TiO2/Prussian blue electrode is investigated. Since TiO2 is an n-type semiconductor, it cannot act as an efficient anode in dark conditions. Thus, once electrochemically reduced Prussian blue deposited on TiO2 is not reoxi- dized during anodic polarization. However, Everitt’s salt oxidation may be possible when photoexcitation of TiO2 with UV LED radiation takes place at a potential which is more anodic than the flat band poten- tial of the semiconductor. This process is successfully monitored in-situ using Raman spectroscopy. The measurements performed at different conditions allow to distinguish between processes induced by po- larization and illumination (or both). The proposed method of photoelectrode characterization through a real-time monitoring approach can be further developed and utilized for other photoelectrochemical systems.

  • Training of Deep Learning Models Using Synthetic Datasets
    • Zdzisław Kowalczuk
    • Jan Glinko
    2022

    In order to solve increasingly complex problems, the complexity of Deep Neural Networks also needs to be constantly increased, and therefore training such networks requires more and more data. Unfortunately, obtaining such massive real world training data to optimize neural networks parameters is a challenging and time-consuming task. To solve this problem, we propose an easy-touse and general approach to training deep learning models for object detection and instance segmentation without being involved in the generation of real world datasets. In principle, we generate and annotate images with open-source software and 3D models that mimic real life objects. This approach allows us significantly reduce the effort required to gather pictures as well as automatize data tagging. It is worth noting that such synthetic datasets can be easily manipulated, e.g. to reduce the texture bias that often occurs in the resulting trained convolutional networks. Using the Mask R-CNN instance segmentation model as an example, we demonstrate that a network trained on the synthetic dataset of kitchen facilities shows remarkable performance on the validation dataset of real-world human-annotated photos. We show that our approach helps to bridge the domain gap between pre-trained models and their specific applications. In summary, such synthetic datasets help overcome the problem of acquiring and tagging thousands of images, while reducing the time and labor costs associated with the preparation of an appropriate real dataset

  • Transformation of Energy Markets: Description, Modeling of Functioning Mechanisms and Determining Development Trends
    • Michał Pietrzak
    • Marta Kuc-Czarnecka
    2022 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    One of the key contemporary economic and social issues today is the global energy transition. Energy transition processes are having a significant impact on the development of world economies, increasing their TFP and leading to an increase in their level of innovation through the transfer of myriad new technologies. These processes also contribute to an increase in foreign direct investment and, consequently, an increase in the level of business investment, the competitiveness of economies and changes in the labor market. Additionally, contributing to the systematic and dynamic development of the energy transition are the significant increase in the wealth of the population, the change in the degree of social and income inequality, the change in consumption patterns and the significantly increased consumption of energy by households, which until re-cently relied exclusively on the use of energy from conventional sources. It should be noted that the ongoing energy transition processes most strongly affect the development of energy markets, the largest of which are the electricity primary fuel markets. Currently, energy markets represent an increasingly significant aspect of modern economies in terms of business investment, the share of the sector’s output in GDP, as well as research and development. In recent years, the renewable energy sector has also been gaining importance as a natural complement to the two aforementioned markets. All the above-mentioned aspects of the development of modern economies point to the need to take a fresh look at the development and functioning of energy markets. Of particular importance seems to be the analysis of changes in the prices of electricity and primary fuels and the relationship between these markets and the renewable energy mar-ket. Equally important are analyses to identify development trends already occurring in the energy markets and to make predictions about the formation of these trends in the fu-ture. Such identified studies should provide valuable guidance for the purposes of con-ducting current energy policy and creating institutional and legal conditions for the development of energy markets. Conclusions from research on energy markets also provide substantive arguments for the assumptions of global energy strategies, as well as the energy strategy of individual countries.

  • Transformational Leadership and Acceptance of Mistakes as a Source of Learning: Poland-USA Cross-Country Study
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    • Maciej Kucharski
    • Hafeez Ur Rehman
    2022 Pełny tekst

    This study explores the influence of transformational leadership on internal innovativeness mediated by mistakes acceptance, including country and industry as factors to be considered and gender and risk-taking attitude as moderators. General findings, primarily based on the US samples (healthcare, construction, and IT industry), confirmed that transformational leadership and internal innovativeness are mediated by mistakes acceptance and strengthened by employees' risk-taking attitude. It is reflected in the Polish healthcare sample. On the other hand, IT and construction industry samples revealed that a low mistakes acceptance level among risk-taking managers under transformational leadership might be their hidden form of change resistance. Regarding gender issue, this study showed that male employees driven by transformational leaders accept mistakes as a source of learning better than women, but the exceptions are healthcare and IT industries in Poland. The developed empirical model is based on a sample composed of 2,160 Polish and American knowledge workers applying OLS regression using SPSS PROCESS macro software.

  • Transformational leadership for researcher’s innovativeness in the context of tacit knowledge and change adaptability
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    • Teresa Rebelo
    2022 Pełny tekst International Journal of Leadership in Education

    This study explores how a learning culture supported by transformational leadership influences tacit knowledge sharing and change adaptability in higher education and how these relations impact this sector’s internal and external innovativeness. The empirical model was tested on a sample of 368 Polish scientific staff using the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. Then results were expanded by applying OLS regression using SPSS PROCESS macro. Findings revealed that tacit knowledge sharing and change adaptability driven by learning culture are vital links connecting transformational leadership with innovativeness. Moreover, change adaptability was revealed to be a critical factor mediating between tacit knowledge sharing and innovativeness (external and internal). Tacit knowledge sharing and transformational leadership are seen as fully mediated by the mistake acceptance factor in learning culture. Besides, this study provided empirical evidence that higher education institutions must adapt to change constantly and evaluate their internal processes to deliver a higher level of innovative work visible externally. It also shows that leaders supporting a smooth flow of tacit knowledge sharing are central to scientific development because they foster adaptability and innovativeness (external and internal). Furthermore, the influence of the mistakes acceptance component on tacit knowledge sharing is revealed to be moderated by gender.

  • Transformator z tyrystorowym przełącznikiem zaczepów jako obiekt sterowania
    • Piotr Sępka
    • Maciej Brzycki
    • Artur Cichowski
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Artykuł jest wynikiem realizacji studenckich projektów, których obiektem badań były transformatory z tyrystorowym podobciążeniowym przełącznikiem zaczepów (PPZ), znajdujące się w Laboratorium LINTE^2. Pierwszy projekt obejmował analizę stanów przejściowych zachodzących podczas przełączania tyrystorów. W referacie przedstawiono opracowany model tyrystorowego przełącznika zaczepów wraz z przykładowymi wynikami. Drugi projekt skutkował utworzeniem translatora komunikacyjnego w oparciu o sterownik WAGO PFC200, który umożliwia reprezentację modelu danych urządzeń niezgodnych z normą IEC 61850, jako zgodne z tym standardem

  • Transmisja w kanale hydroakustycznym w warunkach NLOS
    • Agnieszka Czapiewska
    • Ryszard Studański
    • Andrzej Żak
    2022 Pełny tekst Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

    Transmisja danych w kanale hydroakustycznym w warunkach NLOS (ang. Non-Line-Of-Sight) jest szczególnie problematyczna. Dlatego podjęto próbę opracowania bezprzewodowej komunikacji podwodnej i jej przebadanie w warunkach NLOS. Zastosowano modulację MFSK (ang. Multiple Frequency-Shift Keying), przesyłając pojedynczy bit na dwóch nośnych, oraz odbiór zbiorczy. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły przydatność opracowanej techniki do transmisji danych w kanale hydroakustycznym w warunkach NLOS.

  • Trees as a solar control measure for southern-oriented street frontages. Analysis of a selected street model for a humid continental climate
    • Katarzyna Zielonko-Jung
    • Justyna Janiak
    2022 Pełny tekst URBAN ECOSYSTEMS

    The present study is aimed at the analysis of possibilities for shading southern frontage of street oriented along the E-W axis by the single row of trees, parallel to the southern elevations. The effectiveness of solar control shading was tested depending on the geometric relationships between trees and buildings. Numerical simulation analyses were conducted in Rhinoceros® program for the street located in humid continental climate in city Płock, Poland (52°32′50 “N 19°42’00 “E), for the day of the highest degree of total solar radiation in the year i.e. June 7th, during hours: 8.00a.m - 5.00 p.m. The analysis has proved that a row of 20–25 year old Sycamore Maple ‘Rotterdam’ in the street 30 m wide and 18 m high (H/W = 0.6), can provide solar protection for the southern frontage, especially when trees are located no more than 4 m away. Location of greenery within the range of 4 to 5 m from the buildings leads to a radical reduction in the possibility of shading the wall surfaces (at 5 m to 0%). Over 90% of the shading area of the ground floor façade walls was found when trees were within the distance 2 and 3 m away from the building.

  • Trends in the new generation of green solvents in extraction processes
    • Patrycja Janicka
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Aneta Chabowska
    • Michel Y. Fares
    • Vasil Andruch
    • Massoud Kaykhaii
    • Jacek Gębicki
    2022 Pełny tekst Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry

    Analytical chemistry, like other scientific fields, has undergone a number of changes to make it more consistent with the concept of sustainable development. Among the various steps of chemical analysis, without a doubt, sample preparation is the bottleneck in regard to following a green protocol, especially in terms of solvent consumption. Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve the environmental friendliness of this stage, mainly through the developing approaches for miniaturized sample preparation as well as application of new green solvents. This review offers a brief discussion of current trends in analytical applications that have been less studied and discussed: a new generation of green solvents, such as bio-based solvents, supercritical fluids, and liquefied. We believe that this mini review is a good starting place for readers interested in the future of green analytical chemistry.

  • Trendy w kształtowaniu nowoczesnych dzielnic badawczo-rozwojowych i przemysłowo-logistycznych
    • Karolina Krośnicka
    2022

    Tekst opisuje aktualne trendy w kształtowaniu przestrzennym nowoczesnych dzielnic badawczo-rozwojowych oraz przemysłowych i logistycznych.

  • Tribological Properties of Thermoplastic Materials Formed by 3D Printing by FDM Process
    • Jacek Łubiński
    2022 Pełny tekst

    The dataset entitled 3D printed ABS thermoplastic vs. steel. Dry sliding wear test in constant load & velocity ring on flat configuration. Test parameters: print layer thickness and orientation. Test symbol: 019_h_4 contains: the time base (expressed in seconds and minutes), the friction torque for sliding friction, rotational velocity of the counter – specimen (velocity of sliding), friction coefficient, load in the friction contact interface, specimen temperature. Tests were conducted in an in-house developed tribological tester, the Tribometr PT-1. The test belongs to a testing program on the influence of technological parameters in 3D printing from thermoplastic materials by FDM process on friction in sliding with a steel counter – specimen without added lubrication.

  • Tripping of F-type RCDs for sinusoidal residual current with superimposed smooth DC component
    • Stanisław Czapp
    • Hanan Tariq
    2022

    Recent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type RCDs – a type that is just beginning to appear in low-voltage installations. It has been checked how the tripping threshold of RCDs changes, if a smooth DC component is superimposed on the sinusoidal alternating current. It has been found that the F-type RCDs can operate very well even in the presence of a very high value of DC component.

  • Trójfazowy 4-gałęziowy falownik SiC w napędzie z wysokoobrotowym silnikiem indukcyjnym
    • Marek Adamowicz
    • Sebastian Giziewski
    • Zbigniew Krzemiński
    2022

    Zastosowanie tranzystorów SiC w falownikach napędów wysokoobrotowych powoduje nowe wyzwania, szczególnie odnośnie generowanego w falowniku napięcia common mode (CM) o wysokiej częstotliwości. Wysokoczęstotliwościowe napięcie CM wchodzi w interakcję z pojemnościami pasożytniczymi falownika, kabla i silnika wymuszając przepływ prądów CM, które są źródłem strat w filtrach pasywnych oraz powodują zakłócenia pomiarów prądów, nieakceptowalne z punktu widzenia działania przekształtnika. Ze wzrostem częstotliwości rośnie poziom emisji zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych spowodowany rezonowaniem obwodu CM, a tym samym niekorzystnie rośnie masa, gabaryt i koszt dławików CM. W referacie zaproponowano zastosowanie 4-gałęziowego falownika SiC z metodą sterowania zapewniającą eliminację napięcia CM celem poprawy właściwości napędu wysokoobrotowego.

  • Trust and Distrust in e-Democracy
    • David Duenas Cid
    • Tomasz Janowski
    • Robert Krimmer
    2022

    In the digital government research literature, the concept of trust is typically used as a precondition for the adoption of digital technology in the public sector or an outcome of a roadmap leading up to such adoption. The concept plays a central role in many decisions linked to the planning, adoption and management of the public sector technology. In contrast, the concept of distrust is almost neglected in such literature but, when approached, it appears as the opposite logical side of the trust-distrust dichotomy. However, we conjecture that the path to building trust is different than the path to building distrust and both concepts should be regarded as different theoretical constructs. The workshop aims to prove this conjecture drawing on the insights from the field of e-democracy including internet voting. Given its technical breadth, political and societal implications, and layers of complexity, e-democracy is a good benchmark for exploring this topic. The workshop will confront the main conjecture using examples, research and experiences contributed by participants, conceptual and methodological tools introduced by the organizers, and a discussion shared by everybody. The outcome – elements that help build trust or distrust in various forms of e-democracy – will have practical and theoretical implications, aiming at further research by the participants and collective publication of the results in a special issue in a top ranked journal, preferably Government Information Quarterly.

  • Trust in Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM): the concept and the most important determinants
    • Anna Drapińska
    2022

    eWOM and trust in it is now the most important factor in determining buyers' purchasing behavior. Familiarity with the determinants of trust establishes the formation of appropriate marketing activities. However, the growing number of new forms of eWOM and its increasingly complex and multidimensional nature have created a lot of confusion. The article aims to organize the concepts related to trust in eWOM, to indicate the most important known determinants and future research directions. Thanks to the analysis of the literature, it was shown that future research on trust in eWOM should take into account more advanced models that include the multidimensionality of eWOM and trust, as well as individual product categories and customer characteristics.

  • Trustworthy Applications of ML Algorithms in Medicine - Discussion and Preliminary Results for a Problem of Small Vessels Disease Diagnosis.
    • Maria Ferlin
    • Zuzanna Klawikowska
    • Julia Niemierko
    • Małgorzata Grzywińska
    • Arkadiusz Kwasigroch
    • Edyta Szurowska
    • Michał Grochowski
    2022 Pełny tekst

    ML algorithms are very effective tools for medical data analyzing, especially at image recognition. Although they cannot be considered as a stand-alone diagnostic tool, because it is a black-box, it can certainly be a medical support that minimize negative effect of human-factors. In high-risk domains, not only the correct diagnosis is important, but also the reasoning behind it. Therefore, it is important to focus on trustworthiness which is a concept that includes fairness, data security, ethics, privacy, and the ability to explain model decisions, either post-hoc or during the development. One of the interesting examples of a medical applications is automatic SVD diagnostics. A complete diagnosis of this disease requires a fusion of results for different lesions. This paper presents preliminary results related to the automatic recognition of SVD, more specifically the detection of CMB and WMH. The results achieved are presented in the context of trustworthy AI-based systems.

  • t-SNE Highlights Phylogenetic and Temporal Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Nucleocapsid Protein Evolution
    • Gaik Tamazian
    • Andrey Komissarov
    • Dmitry Kobak
    • Dmitry Polyakov
    • Evegeny Andronov
    • Sergei Nechaev
    • Sergey Kryzhevich
    • Yuri Porozov
    • Eugene Stepanov
    2022

    We propose applying t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to construct, visualize and study the evolutionary space of the coronavirus. The basic idea is to explore the COVID-19 evolution space by using modern manifold learning techniques applied to evolutionary distances between variants. Evolutionary distances have been calculated based on the structures of the nucleocapsid and spike proteins.

  • Tuning Electrochemical Performance by Microstructural Optimization of the Nanocrystalline Functional Oxygen Electrode Layer for Solid Oxide Cells
    • Bartosz Kamecki
    • Grzegorz Cempura
    • Piotr Jasiński
    • Sea-Fue Wang
    • Sebastian Molin
    2022 Pełny tekst ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

    Further development of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) oxygen electrodes can be achieved through improvements in oxygen electrode design by microstructure miniaturisation alongside nanomaterials implementation. In this work, improved electrochemical performance of an La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-d (LSCF) cathode was achieved by the controlled modification of the La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-d (LSC) nanocrystalline interlayer introduced between a porous oxygen electrode and dense electrolyte. The evaluation was carried out for various LSC layer thicknesses, annealing temperatures, oxygen partial pressures, and temperatures, as well as subjected to long-term stability tests and evaluated in typical operating conditions in an intermediate temperature SOFC. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and a distribution of relaxation times analysis (DRT) were performed to reveal the rate-limiting electrochemical processes that limit the overall electrode performance. The main processes with an impact on the electrode performance were the adsorption of gaseous oxygen O2, dissociation of O2, and charge transfer-diffusion (O2-). The introduction of a nanoporous and nanocrystalline interlayer with extended electrochemically active surface area accelerates the oxygen surface exchange kinetics and oxygen ion diffusions, reducing polarisation resistances. The polarisation resistance of the reference LSCF was lowered by one order of magnitude from 0.77Ω∙cm2 to 0.076 Ω∙cm2 at 600°C by the deposition of a 400 nm LSC interlayer at the interface. The developed electrode tested in the anode-supported fuel cell configuration showed a higher cell performance by 20% compared to the cell with the reference electrode. The maximum power density at 700°C reaches 675 and 820 mW∙cm-2 for the reference cell and the cell with the LSC interlayer, respectively. Ageing tests at 700°C under a high load of 1 A∙cm2 were performed.

  • Tuning of the finesse coefficient of optoelectronic devices
    • Monika Kosowska
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Optoelectronic devices attracted considerable attention in many branches of science and technology, which can be attributed to their unique properties. Many of them use optical cavities which parameters can be adopted to specific requirements. This thesis investigates the introduction of diamond structures (nitrogen-doped diamond film, boron-doped diamond film, undoped diamond sheet) to optical cavities to tune their finesse coefficient. Moreover, their application enabled development of a system for optical monitoring of electrochemical reactions. A detailed review of the state-of-the-art presents techniques of cavities tuning in optoelectronic devices, diamond applications in optoelectronics and current solutions combining optical and electrochemical measurement techniques in one system is presented. The work includes mathematical investigation, description of the construction of cavities and measurement setup, as well as results of experimental measurements. Applications of optical cavities tuned by the use of diamond structures are presented on the example of fiber-optic sensors: for measurements of distance and liquids refractive index, and for construction of a hybrid optoelectrochemical system.

  • Tuning the Laser-Induced Processing of 3D Porous Graphenic Nanostructures by Boron-Doped Diamond Particles for Flexible Microsupercapacitors
    • Sujit Deshmukh
    • Paweł Jakóbczyk
    • Mateusz Ficek
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Dongsheng Geng
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    2022 Pełny tekst ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

    Carbon (sp3)-on-carbon (sp2) materials have the potential to revolutionize fields such as energy storage and microelectronics. However, the rational engineering and printing of carbon-on-carbon materials on flexible substrates remains a challenge in wearable electronics technology. This study demon-strates the scalable fabrication of flexible laser-induced graphene (LIG)-boron doped diamond nanowall (BDNW) hybrid nanostructures for microsuperca-pacitors. Direct laser writing on polyimide film is tuned by the presence of BDNW powder where an appreciable absorbance of the BDNWs at the CO2laser wavelength enhances the local film temperature. The thermal shock due to laser irradiation produces graphitized and amorphous carbon at the diamond grain boundaries which increases the thermal and charge transfer capacity between the LIG–diamond interfaces. The samples are further treated with O2 plasma to tune the wettability or to improve the microsu-percapacitor device performance. The outstanding electrical characteristics of graphene, exceptional electrochemical stability of diamond, and essential contributions of oxygen-containing groups result in a remarkable charge storage capacity (18 mF cm−2 @ 10 mV s−1) and cyclic stability (98% retention after 10 000 cycles) outperforming most state-of-the-art LIG-based superca-pacitors. Furthermore, despite extreme mechanical stress, these microsu-percapacitors maintain their outstanding electrochemical properties, thus holding promise for high-power, flexible/wearable electronics.

  • Tuning the photocatalytic performance through magnetization in Co-Zn ferrite nanoparticles
    • Laura Cervera-Gabalda
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    • Cristina Gómez-Polo
    2022 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS

    In this work, the link between the photocatalytic performance of Co-Zn ferrite nanoparticles and the net magnetic moment is analyzed. CoxZn1-xFe2O4 nanoparticles (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) were synthesized by co-precipitation method and different physicochemical techniques were employed to characterize the samples (X-ray diffraction, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), BET surface area, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Photoluminescence spectroscopy, Z-potential, SQUID magnetometry). Enhanced photocatalytic degradation (maximum degradation ratios of two emerging pollutants, phenol and toluene) are found in those nanoparticles (0.4 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) with optimum magnetic response (i.e. superparamagnetism at room temperature and high saturation magnetization). The magnetization of the nanoparticles turns out to be the determining factor in the optimization of the photocatalytic response, since there is no clear relationship with other physicochemical parameters (i.e. specific surface area, isoelectric point, band gap energy or photoluminescence). These results support the current field of research related to photocatalytic performance enhancement through magnetic field effects.

  • Turbina wiatrowa jako element systemu radiolokalizacyjnego
    • Jacek Stefański
    • Jarosław Sadowski
    2022 Pełny tekst

    W referacie zaproponowano wykorzystanie turbiny wiatrowej do umieszczenia elementów systemu radiolokalizacyjnego do określania położenia obiektów latających. Zaproponowane rozwiązanie umożliwia osza-cowanie położenia obiektu w przestrzeni, zwłaszcza w ruchu, za pomocą sygnałów lokalizacyjnych nadawanych jednocześnie z wybranych punktów konstrukcyjnych turbiny. Przedstawiono matematyczną analizę metody oraz algorytm Chana (CA) do rozwiązywania układu nieliniowych równań pozycyjnych. W dalszej kolejności przedstawiono analizę parametru rozmycia położenia (PDoP) dla zaproponowanej metody. Na koniec zaprezentowano wyniki badań symulacyjnych dotyczących efektywności estymacji położenia obiektów dla tej metody dla wybranych parametrów systemowych.

  • Two-photon perimetry utilizing picosecond laser
    • Marcin Marzejon
    2022 Pełny tekst

    Age-related impairments are becoming more and more severe for aging societies. The sensory organ diseases are particularly troublesome as they exclude seniors from their everyday activity. Therefore, maintaining good quality eyesight is essential for normal functioning. New medical therapies help restrain age-related changes, but still, monitoring is essential to the treatment process. Humans do not have the natural ability to see infrared radiation, but they can see ultra-short nearinfrared laser pulses. The visual system reacts as if one photon of visible radiation has been absorbed, instead of two photons of infrared radiation have been absorbed in the photoreceptors. Further research on the two-photon vision assumes the development of a new diagnostic method – the two-photon perimetry. The two-photon perimetry is a new tool for the investigation of the near-infrared perception of the human eye. Before the method will be introduced to ophthalmic clinics, it is important to understand its physical and technical limitations. Therefore, the measurement setup and software have been developed, and tests on volunteers and patients have been performed. All system modalities: eye stimulation, pupil imaging, and the patient interface were made from scratch. The obtained results will help to find optimal solutions applicable to clinical practice.

  • Tworzenie wartości wspólnej w uniwersytecie. Perspektywa trójkąta wiedzy
    • Elżbieta Karwowska
    2022

    Społeczną odpowiedzialność uniwersytetu definiuje się jako dobrowolne działania uczelni, wykraczające poza obowiązek kształcenia i prowadzenia badań, których celem jest poprawa jakości życia ogółu. Mimo że trójczłonowość misji uniwersytetu może sugerować, że jest on społecznie odpowiedzialny „z natury”, wyniki badań pokazują, że społeczna odpowiedzialność nie jest fundamentem, z którego wynikają działania uniwersytetu, lecz raczej dodatkowym elementem jego działalności. USR często jest traktowana przedmiotowo i bagatelizowana, co utrudnia jej rozwój. Jednocześnie otoczenie społeczne postrzega uniwersytet jako inkubator wiedzy i technologii oraz oczekuje, że przyczynią się one do rozwiązania ważnych problemów, takich jak: globalne ocieplenie, zubożenie i rozwarstwienie społeczne, migracje, starzenie się populacji i choroby cywilizacyjne. Uczelnie powinny rozwijać swoją działalność, tak aby sprostać oczekiwaniom i potrzebom swoich interesariuszy oraz zacieśniać współpracę z coraz bardziej zróżnicowanymi grupami reprezentującymi społeczeństwo. Zaadaptowanie CSV do potrzeb i realiów funkcjonowania uniwersytetu może być kolejnym etapem ewolucji obu omawianych powyżej koncepcji. Może też stanowić odpowiedź na wyzwania, z jakimi mierzy się współczesny uniwersytet – zarówno związane z pogłębiającymi się problemami cywilizacyjnymi i środowiskowymi, zwiększającą się świadomością społeczną oraz oczekiwaniami względem zaangażowania uczelni, jak i wynikające z globalnej konkurencji o studentów i środki finansowe, niezbędne uczelni do rozwoju. Monografia składa się z sześciu rozdziałów. Trzy pierwsze poświęcono analizie literatury dotyczącej społecznej odpowiedzialności organizacji (rozdział 1), tworzenia wartości wspólnej (rozdział 2) oraz społecznej odpowiedzialności uniwersytetu (rozdział 3). Metodyka badania empirycznego została opisana w rozdziale 4, a jego wyniki omówiono w rozdziale 5. Rozdział 6 poświęcono natomiast przedstawieniu rekomendacji opracowanych na podstawie badania.

  • Two-Stage Variable-Fidelity Modeling of Antennas with Domain Confinement
    • Anna Pietrenko-Dąbrowska
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    • Łukasz Gołuński
    2022 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Surrogate modeling has become the method of choice in solving an increasing number of antenna design tasks, especially those involving expensive full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. Notwithstanding, the curse of dimensionality considerably affects conventional metamodeling methods, and their capability to efficiently handle nonlinear antenna characteristics over broad ranges of the system parameters is limited. Performance-driven (or constrained) modeling frameworks may be employed to mitigate these issues by considering a construction of surrogates from the standpoint of the antenna performance figures rather than directly geometry parameters. This permits a significant reduction of the model setup cost without restricting its design utility. This paper proposes a novel modeling framework, which capitalizes on the domain confinement concepts, and also incorporates variable-fidelity EM simulations, both at the surrogate domain definition stage, and when rendering the final surrogate. The latter employs co-kriging as a method of blending simulation data of different fidelities. The presented approach has been validated using three microstrip antennas, and demonstrated to yield reliable models at remarkably low CPU costs, as compared to both conventional and performance-driven modeling procedures.

  • Tyre/road noise measurements on ISO tracks according to the UNECE Regulation 117
    • Truls Berge
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    2022

    Within the Polish-Norwegian research project ELANORE, a limited Round Robin Test has been performed on 3 ISO tracks in Northern Europe. The basic objective of the project is to improve the EU directive on labelling of tyres for noise and rolling resistance, and this directive is based on the measurement procedures defined in the UN ECE Reg.117. The same test car, test tyres and measurement equipment as well as personnel were used on all test tracks, to minimize the measurement uncertainties. All tracks were built according to the specification given in ISO 10844:2014. Five sets of C1 tyres were tested. They consisted of 2 sets of summer tyres, one all-season, one winter and one set of the SRTT tyres. Except for the SRTT tyres, the other 4 had labelled noise values from 67 to 74 dB. In addition to the test conditions specified in Reg.117, a modified test was also included, where the load and inflation pressure were adjusted to fit better the test vehicle specifications. Due to some adverse weather conditions at two of the test tracks, only a part of the test program was accomplished. The paper presents results from these measurements. Additional measurements are planned for 2022.

  • Tyre/road noise measurements on ISO tracks using the modified CPX method
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    • Truls Berge
    2022

    Tyre rolling noise test method specified in the UNECE Regulation 117 is directly used in the Tyre Labelling Directive. Noise level specified on EU Tyre Label of each new tyre available on the European market was determined based on vehicle coast-by noise measurements performed on the standard reference road surface proscribed in the ISO 10844:2014. Available data from investigations by the vehicle and tyre industry and results from the STEER project show that the effect of ISO test track is significant. To estimate the noise variation on existing ISO test tracks, a small Round Robin Test was conducted on 3 of them, as a part of the joint Polish-Norwegian project ELANORE. The modified CPX method was used for this purpose. Measurements were performed for 9 selected tyres of summer, winter and all-season type, with label noise values ranging from 66 to 74 dB. Additionally, 2 standard reference tyres, P1 (SRTT) and H1 (Avon AV4), specified in the ISO 11819-3:2017 were tested. The obtained differences in noise levels for the tested tyres were up to 3.7 dB depending on test track. The ranking of tyres regarding measured noise levels didn’t correspond at all to the noise values given on tyre labels.

  • Układ sterowania 5-fazową maszyną synchroniczną z magnesami trwałymi (PMSM)
    • Krzysztof Łuksza
    • Jarosław Guziński
    • Marcin Morawiec
    • Filip Wilczyński
    2022 Automatyka Elektryka Zakłócenia

    W pracy przedstawiono nowy układ sterowania bezczujnikowego 5-fazową maszyną synchroniczną z magnesami trwałymi zagłębionymi (IPMSM) . Zaproponowany układ wykorzystuje obserwator stanu dla zmiennych w pierwszym układzie współrzędnych (1 harmoniczna), jak i drugim (3 harmoniczna), w celu zwiększenia gęstości momentu elektromagnetycznego. Zaprezentowano schemat kompletnego układu sterowania, przebiegi zmiennych w stanie ustalonym, jak również podczas stanów przejściowych, zarejestrowane podczas badań laboratoryjnych z wykorzystaniem prototypowej 5-fazowej maszyny PMSM.

  • Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based liquid–liquid microextraction for simultaneous determination of Ni (II) and Zn (II) in food samples
    • Fazal Elahi
    • Muhammad Balal Arain
    • Wajid Ali Khan
    • Hameed Haq
    • Asif Khan
    • Faheem Jan
    • Roberto Castro-Muñoz
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2022 Pełny tekst FOOD CHEMISTRY

    A new approach was developed for the simultaneous pre-concentration and determination of Ni (II) and Zn (II) in food samples. This method is based on ultrasound-assisted liquid–liquid micro extraction using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) and 1,10-phenanthroline as chelating agent. The effect of several parameters, such as pH, selection and volume of DES, amount of chelating agent, time of sonication and centrifugation, was studied. Under optimized conditions, the developed procedure offered exceptional sensitivity and linearity. The limit of detection was approximately 0.029 µg/Kg and 1.5 µg/Kg for Ni (II) and Zn (II), respectively. The proposed method was applied for the pre-concentration and determination of Ni (II) and Zn (II) in hydrogenated edible oils, fishes, and milk samples. The results of this study were compared with reported methods in the literature revealing its advantages.

  • Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
    • Sana Ullah
    • Hameed Haq
    • Muhammad Salman
    • Faheem Jan
    • Faisal Safi
    • Muhammad Balal Arain
    • Muhammad Khan
    • Roberto Castro-Muñoz
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    2022 Pełny tekst MOLECULES

    Deep eutectic solvents (DES), which have low toxicity and are low cost, biodegradable, and easily synthesized, were used for the extraction of neutral red (NR) dye before its spectrophotometric analysis. DES, containing choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and phenol as a hydrogen bond donor with a molar ratio of 1:2, was used for the extraction of NR dye from aqueous media. The possible interaction of different DESs with NR was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimentally, a UV-visible spectrophotometer was used for the quantitative analysis. The most important parameters affecting method performance, such as pH, extraction temperature, DES type, its volume, THF volume, sonication time, and centrifugation time, were optimized. The developed method provides exceptional sensitivity in terms of LOD and LOQ, which were 2.2 and 7.3 µg/L respectively. The relative standard deviation was 1.35–1.5% (n = 10), and the pre-concentration factor was 40. The method was found to be linear in the range of 2–300 µg/L (R2 = 0.9967). The method was successfully used for the determination of NR in wastewater samples. Finally, the DES-based method presents operational simplicity, high sensitivity, and rapid determination (<5 min) compared with other analytical procedures.