Repozytorium publikacji - Politechnika Gdańska

Ustawienia strony

english
Repozytorium publikacji
Politechniki Gdańskiej

Pokaż publikacje z roku

Ostatnie pozycje

  • Study on the Positioning Accuracy of GNSS/INS Systems Supported by DGPS and RTK Receivers for Hydrographic Surveys
    • Andrzej Stateczny
    • Cezary Specht
    • Mariusz Specht
    • David Brčić
    • Alen Jugović
    • Szymon Widźgowski
    • Marta Wiśniewska
    • Oktawia Lewicka
    2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    Hydrographic surveys, in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44 standard, can be carried out in the following five orders: Exclusive, Special, 1a, 1b and 2, for which minimum accuracy requirements for the applied positioning system have been set out. They are as follows, respectively: 1, 2, 5, 5 and 20 m, with a confidence level of 95% in twodimensional space. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network solutions (accuracy: 2–3 cm (p = 0.95)) and the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) (accuracy: 1–2 m (p = 0.95)) are now commonly used positioning methods in hydrography. Due to the fact that a new order of hydrographic surveys has appeared in the IHO S-44 standard from 2020—Exclusive, looking at the current positioning accuracy of the DGPS system, it is not known whether it can be used in it. The aim of this article is to determine the usefulness of GNSS/Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) for hydrographic surveys. During the research, the following two INSs were used: Ekinox2-U and Ellipse- D by the SBG Systems, which were supported by DGPS and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) receivers. GNSS/INS measurements were carried out during the manoeuvring of the Autonomous/Unmanned Surface Vehicle (ASV/USV) named “HydroDron” on Kłodno lake in Zawory. The acquired data were processed using the mathematical model that allows us to assess whether any positioning system at a given point in time meets (or not) the accuracy requirements for each IHO order. The model was verified taking into account the historical and current test results of the DGPS and RTK systems. Tests have confirmed that the RTK system meets the requirements of all the IHO orders, even in situations where it is not functioning 100% properly. Moreover, it was proven that the DGPS system does not only meet the requirements provided for the most stringent IHO order, i.e., the Exclusive Order (horizontal position error 1 m (p = 0.95)). Statistical analyses showed that it was only a few centimetres away from meeting this criterion. Therefore, it can be expected that soon it will be used in all the IHO orders.

  • Study on the prevalence of mobile phone use by car drivers – the case of Poland
    • Paulina Szrywer
    • Joanna Wachnicka
    • Wojciech Kustra
    • Orazio Pellegrino
    2021 Pełny tekst Archives of Civil Engineering

    : Distracted driving is a significant factor affecting road safety and it can occur as a result of using mobile phones while driving. The aim of the current research is to present the prevalence of mobile phone use by Polish car drivers, based on the roadside and online survey. The field study showed that 11.6% of 1867 drivers were using mobile phones while being in motion and 26.1% of 203 drivers when stopped in front of traffic lights. While moving, 8.9% were manipulating the device by hand and 2.6% – holding it to ear. During the stop, 14.2% of the observed motorists were manipulating it, 3.0% – holding it to the ear, and 8.9% – talking through a hands-free or headset. To determine how many people generally use mobile phones while driving (not only during momentary observation), a questionnaire was also carried out. The vast majority of 252 surveyed drivers (82.9%) admitted to using mobile phones while driving, and an equally large proportion considered this behavior as dangerous for transport safety (81.3%). Most of the motorists reported using cell phones: rarely (44.4%), both when stopped and being in motion (58.9%), in a built-up area (63.6%), holding it in hand (43.5%) and in order to chat or write messages (81.8%). The majority of drivers using cell phones while driving were male and in the 25–44 or 18–24 age group. None of the respondents caused an accident due to the use of these devices, but 1.6% were guilty of a collision caused by this reason

  • STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEHICLE MAINTENANCE AND FUEL CONSUMPTION
    • Olha Sakno
    • Ievgen Medvediev
    • Tatiana Kolesnikova
    2021 Pełny tekst Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria: Transport

    A contemporary road vehicle (RV) is a rather complex system, consisting of a large number of subsystems, assemblies, units, and elements (parts). While operating, an RV interacts with the environment, and its elements interact with each other. Consequently, the properties (parameters) of these elements change in the process - hardness, roughness, size, relative position, gapping, etc. A partial solution to the presented problems can be the search for a technique for assessing the RV technical condition by a generalised criterion, which is quite sensitive to changes in the technical state. One of these criteria may be fuel consumption in litres per 100 kilometres. This paper investigates the possibilities of using the fuel consumption indicator as a criterion for assessing the technical condition of the vehicle and the vehicle maintenance and repair technologies have been generalised to obtain a given technical solution. Thus, the possibility of using the fuel consumption indicator as a criterion for assessing the technical condition of the vehicles was explored using the Volkswagen Touran 1.9 TDI operating in urban conditions using a driving cycle. A clear correlation between the fuel consumption and the service lifetime of the vehicle has been established; therefore, it depends on the frequency and quality of the maintenance and repair (MR). The vehicle MR technology has been generalised to obtain a specified technical solution. The process of creating an RV MR Technology model is implemented based on an iterative approach (repetition) with the possibility to specify their features.

  • Subiektywny pomiar jakości sygnałów mowy i muzyki w lokalnych multipleksach radiofonii DAB+ w Gdańsku i Wrocławiu
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    • Stefan Brachmański
    2021

    Radiofonia cyfrowa DAB+ (Digital Audio Broadcasting plus) dostępna jest dla słuchaczy w Polsce od 2013 r. Standard ten oferuje szerokie możliwości konfiguracji multipleksów lokalnych nie tylko pod względem liczby, lecz także jakości nadawanych programów radiowych. Dzięki temu możliwe jest dostosowanie parametrów emitowanych sygnałów w celu sprostania oczekiwaniom odbiorców końcowych. W przeciwieństwie do radiofonii analogowej FM sygnały audio pochodzące od różnych nadawców grupowane są w zbiór określany - ensemble. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki subiektywnych testów oceny jakości programów radiowych obejmujących sygnały mowy oraz muzyki. Badania przeprowadzono na lokalnych wariantach cyfrowego multipleksu dla Gdańska i Wrocławia. Opisano rezultaty ocen tych samych programów radiowych nadających jednakowy materiał dźwiękowy w technice analogowej FM i cyfrowej DAB+ (tzw. simulcast). Wyniki obejmowały zarówno pierwszy multipleks polskiego nadawcy (Gdańsk), jak i pionierski multipleks jednoczęstotliwościowy (Wrocław).

  • Sugar Fee in Poland as an Example of New Fiscal Burdens and Stimulation of Consumer Behaviour
    • Piotr Kasprzak
    2021

    During the economic downturn caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the amount and structure of tax burdens imposed by the state on businesses continue to increase, as shown on the example of the newly introduced sugar fee. A new tax-related burden imposed on businesses and consumers producing and consuming sugar-sweetened beverages appeared at the beginning of 2021. The aim of the paper is to present the fiscal burdens that accompany the introduction of the sugar fee along with the justification for its introduction and its impact on the functioning of the sweetened beverage market.

  • Sulfate reducing ammonium oxidation (SULFAMMOX) process under anaerobic conditions
    • Dominika Grubba
    • Joanna Majtacz
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    2021 Pełny tekst Environmental Technology & Innovation

    Sulfate (SO42-) can be an electron acceptor for ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) oxidation under anaerobic conditions. The process is known as sulfammox and can be a viable alternative to conventional, nitrite (NO2-) dependent, anammox. Two bacterial species, including Bacillus Benzoevorans and Brocadia Anammoxoglobus Sulfate, can perform that process. With sulfammox, an economically inefficient pre-nitration step (due to aeration) is not required. There are more than 10 different systems in which sulfammox has been studied, including suspended growth, biofilm, granular and hybrid reactors. A combination of anammox and sulfur related processes (sulfammox and autotrophic denitrification) would especially be appropriate for specific industrial wastewater with high content of nitrogen compounds and SO42-. The results of recent studies suggest that very high removal efficiencies could simultaneously be achieved with respect to both NH4+ (92-99%) and SO42- (53-60%).

  • Sulfurization of phosphanylphosphinidene ligand: Access to phosphinothioyltrithiophosphonato platinum(II) complexes
    • Anna Ordyszewska
    • Natalia Szynkiewicz
    • Jarosław Chojnacki
    • Rafał Grubba
    • Jerzy Pikies
    2021 Pełny tekst INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA

    The reactivity of phosphanylphosphinidene Pt(0) complexes [DppePt(η2-P–PtBu2)] (1) and [(pTol3P)2Pt(η2-P–PtBu2)] (2) toward sulfur was studied. Reactions of 1 and 2 with an excess of sulfur led to the formation of the first transition metal complexes 3 and 4 with phosphinothioyltrithiophosphonato ligands with the formula [tBu2P(=S)–P(=S)S2]2-. In contrast to previous reports on the phosphanylphosphinidene moiety sulfurization, the P–P bond was not cleaved during these reactions. The structures of sulfurization products 3 and 4 were elucidated using NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and DFT calculations.

  • Sum-over-state expressions including second-order Herzberg–Teller effects for the calculation of absorption and resonance Raman intensities
    • Julien Guthmuller
    2021 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS

    The sum-over-state expressions are derived to calculate the second-order Herzberg–Teller (HT) effects in absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies. These effects depend on the second derivatives of the transition dipole moment with respect to the vibrational coordinates. The method is applied to the molecule of 1,3-butadiene using density functional theory calculations. It is found that the second-order HT effects are significant for both absorption and resonance Raman intensities, and that the calculated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data. The second-order HT effects originate from diagonal elements of the second derivatives matrix, whereas non-diagonal elements have a negligible impact on the intensities of 1,3-butadiene.

  • Superconductivity in LiGa2Ir Heusler type compound with VEC = 16
    • Karolina Górnicka
    • Gabriel Kuderowicz
    • Michał Winiarski
    • Bartłomiej Wiendlocha
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    2021 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    Polycrystalline LiGa2Ir has been prepared by a solid state reaction method. A Rietveld refnement of powder x-ray difraction data confrms a previously reported Heusler-type crystal structure (space group Fm-3m, No. 225) with lattice parameter a= 6.0322(1) Å. The normal and superconducting state properties were studied by magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity techniques. A bulk superconductivity with Tc= 2.94 K was confrmed by detailed heat capacity studies. The measurements indicate that LiGa2Ir is a weak-coupling type-II superconductor (e–p = 0.57, C/γTc= 1.4). Electronic structure, lattice dynamics, and the electron–phonon interaction are studied from frst principles calculations. Ir and two Ga atoms equally contribute to the Fermi surface with a minor contribution from Li. The phonon spectrum contains separated high frequency Li modes, which are seen clearly as an Einstein-like contribution in the specifc heat. The calculated electron–phonon coupling constant e–p = 0.68 confrms the electron–phonon mechanism for the superconductivity. LiGa2Ir and recently reported isoelectronic LiGa2Rh are the only two known representatives of the Heusler superconductors with the valence electron count VEC= 16.

  • Superconductivity in the Endohedral Ga Cluster Compound PdGa5
    • Zuzanna Ryżyńska
    • Piotr Wiśniewski
    • Dariusz Kaczorowski
    • Weiwei Xie
    • Robert J. Cava
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Michał Winiarski
    2021 Pełny tekst Journal of Physical Chemistry C

    Superconductivity is observed below Tc = 1.6 K in an endohedral Ga cluster compound PdGa5 using magnetization and heat capacity measurements. Electronic structure calculations show that the density of states (DOS) at the Fermi level is dominated by Ga s and p states and that the overall shape of DOS is similar to what was found in other endohedral Ga cluster superconductors, such as MoxGa5x+1, ReGa5, and T2Ga9 (T = Rh and Ir). Our results provide a more complete picture of the relationship between the valence electron count and superconductivity in the family of endohedral Ga cluster superconductors.

  • SUPPORT FOR OLDER ADULTS DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC – HOW DID LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN THE POMERANIAN REGION RESPOND TO THE CHALLENGE?
    • Anita Richert-Kaźmierska
    2021

    The COVID-19 pandemic, apart from health threats, has shown the problem of older adults’ social isolation and loneliness in aging societies that has been progressing for several decades. Older adults’ singularisation, loosening family relations, diminishing families’ caring potential, caused that during the lockdown, many older adults – without the neighbours’ or NGOs’ support or the activities undertaken by local authorities – would be left without meeting their basic life and social needs. Authors draw their attention to the different aspects of population aging process and its socio-economic consequences. Nevertheless, the subject of older adults’ loneliness and the growing role of institutions (coordinated by local government authorities) in providing them different care services still seems insufficiently researched in the Polish-language literature. In Polish society, citizens prefer that the informal care needs of older adults are assiduously met by family members. However, the months of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown have clearly shown that this traditional model of informal care is not always possible in practice, and that family members are increasingly turning to regional local authorities to assist them in the care requirements of older and frail relatives. Many family members are not always ready to provide care for older relatives at home due to a lack of appropriate knowledge and assistive aids.

  • Surface and interfacial anti-plane waves in micropolar solids with surface energy
    • Mriganka Shekhtar Chaki
    • Victor Eremeev
    • Abhishek K Singh
    2021 MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS OF SOLIDS

    In this work, the propagation behaviour of a surface wave in a micropolar elastic half-space with surface strain and kinetic energies localized at the surface and the propagation behaviour of an interfacial anti-plane wave between two micropolar elastic half-spaces with interfacial strain and kinetic energies localized at the interface have been studied. The Gurtin–Murdoch model has been adopted for surface and interfacial elasticity. Dispersion equations for both models have been obtained in algebraic form for two types of anti-plane wave, i.e. a Love-type wave and a new type of surface wave (due to micropolarity). The angular frequency and phase velocity of anti-plane waves have been analysed through a numerical study within cut-off frequencies. The obtained results may find suitable applications in thin film technology, non-destructive analysis or biomechanics, where the models discussed here may serve as theoretical frameworks for similar types of phenomena.

  • Surface modification of PMMA polymer and its composites with PC61BM fullerene derivative using an atmospheric pressure microwave argon plasma sheet
    • Andrzej Sikora
    • Dariusz Czylkowski
    • Bartosz Hrycak
    • Magdalena Moczała-Dusanowska
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Mirosław Dors
    • Mariusz Jasiński
    2021 Pełny tekst Scientific Reports

    This paper presents the results of experimental investigations of the plasma surface modification of a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer and PMMA composites with a [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester fullerene derivative (PC61BM). An atmospheric pressure microwave (2.45 GHz) argon plasma sheet was used. The experimental parameters were: an argon (Ar) flow rate (up to 20 NL/min), microwave power (up to 530 W), number of plasma scans (up to 3) and, the kind of treated material. In order to assess the plasma effect, the possible changes in the wettability, roughness, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of the plasma-treated samples’ surfaces were evaluated by water contact angle goniometry (WCA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The best result concerning the water contact angle reduction was from 83° to 29.7° for the PMMA material. The ageing studies of the PMMA plasma-modified surface showed long term (100 h) improved wettability. As a result of plasma treating, changes in the samples surface roughness parameters were observed, however their dependence on the number of plasma scans is irregular. The ATR-FTIR spectra of the PMMA plasma-treated surfaces showed only slight changes in comparison with the spectra of an untreated sample. The more significant differences were demonstrated by XPS measurements indicating the surface chemical composition changes after plasma treatment and revealing the oxygen to carbon ratio increase from 0.1 to 0.4.

  • Surface quality control of a thin SiN layer by optical measurements
    • Jakub Gierowski
    • Sandra Pawłowska
    2021 Pełny tekst Photonics Letters of Poland

    Fiber optic interferometers have a wide range of applications, including biological and chemical measurements. Nevertheless, in the case of a reflective interferometer setup, standard silver mirrors cannot be used in every measurement, due to their chemical activity. This work investigates the surface quality of a thin optical layer of silicon nitride (SiN), which can serve as an alternative material for silver mirrors. We present measurements carried out with a Fabry-Perot fiber-optic interferometer working in a reflective mode. Measurement results allow us to determine the surface quality of the investigated layer.

  • Surface Roughness Evaluation in Thin EN AW-6086-T6 Alloy Plates after Face Milling Process with Different Strategies
    • Daniel Chuchała
    • Michał Dobrzyński
    • Danil Yurievich Pimenov
    • Kazimierz Orłowski
    • Grzegorz Królczyk
    • Khaled Giasin
    2021 Pełny tekst Materials

    Lightweight alloys made from aluminium are used to manufacture cars, trains and planes. The main parts most often manufactured from thin sheets requiring the use of milling in the manufacturing process are front panels for control systems, housing parts for electrical and electronic components. As a result of the final phase of the manufacturing process, cold rolling, residual stresses remain in the surface layers, which can influence the cutting processes carried out on these materials. The main aim of this study was to verify whether the strategy of removing the outer material layers of aluminium alloy sheets affects the surface roughness after the face milling process. EN AW-6082-T6 aluminium alloy thin plates with three different thicknesses and with two directions relative to the cold rolling process direction (longitudinal and transverse) were analysed. Three different strategies for removing the outer layers of the material by face milling were considered. Noticeable differences in surface roughness 2D and 3D parameters were found among all machining strategies and for both rolling directions, but these differences were not statistically significant. The lowest values of Ra = 0.34 µm were measured for the S#3 strategy, which asymmetrically removed material from both sides of the plate (main and back), for an 8-mm-thick plate in the transverse rolling direction. The highest values of Ra = 0.48 µm were measured for a 6-mm-thick plate milled with the S#2 strategy, which symmetrically removed material from both sides of the plate, in the longitudinal rolling direction. However, the position of the face cutter axis during the machining process was observed to have a significant effect on the surface roughness. A higher surface roughness was measured in the areas of the tool point transition from the up-milling direction to the down-milling direction (tool axis path) for all analysed strategies (Ra = 0.63–0.68 µm). The best values were obtained for the up-milling direction, but in the area of the smooth execution of the process (Ra = 0.26–0.29 µm), not in the area of the blade entry into the material. A similar relationship was obtained for analysed medians of the arithmetic mean height (Sa) and the root-mean-square height (Sq). However, in the case of the S#3 strategy, the spreads of results were the lowest.

  • Surface Texture after Turning for Various Workpiece Rigidities
    • Michał Dobrzyński
    • Karolina Miętka
    2021 Pełny tekst Machines

    In the paper, we present an analysis of the surface texture of turned parts with L/D (length/diameter) ratios of 6 and 12 and various rigidity values. The studies were carried out on samples made of S355JR steel and AISI 304 stainless steel. A detailed analysis of 2D surface profiles was carried out by using a large number of parameters that allowed us to distinguish significant differences in the surface microgeometry, which confirmed that determining surface characteristics from one height parameter (Ra—arithmetical mean height) is far from sufficient. The obtained results indicate significantly better roughness and waviness values of the AISI 304 steel surfaces in terms of its size, periodicity, and regularity. Therefore, the turning process of AISI 304 shafts with low rigidity allows one to be able to achieve better quality texture and have a positive effect on the general properties of a workpiece. In all tested samples, surface irregularities decreased along with the distance from the tailstock. The shafts with an L/D ratio of 12 had worse surfaces in the first two sections due to lower rigidity. The results received close to the three-jaw chuck, regardless of the L/D ratio and material type, demonstrated similar waviness and roughness parameters and profiles.

  • Surpassing the Line: Urban-Oriented Strategies in the Development of Business Complexes in Poland
    • Piotr Lorens
    • Joanna Bach-Głowińska
    • Michał Habier
    • Paweł Rzepecki
    2021 Pełny tekst Urban Planning

    Development trends regarding the business-related urban complexes seem to evolve from the “big-box” towards the more “multi-use” types of structures. Within it, the special role is reserved for places, which—due to economic, political, and geographical reasons—have not been previously considered as major business hubs. Only recently, places like cities in Central and Eastern Europe have become attractive locations for business complexes. These could offer centrally located and attractive locations for new structures, which resulted in the development of the new type of commercial centers—in the form of multi-use districts, walkable, and complemented by other uses. Therefore, to some extent, these cities “surpassed the development line” of the commercial and business complexes, and have become home to something much more advanced. Within the article, the cases from Poland, including Gdańsk, Warsaw, Cracow, and Wroclaw, are discussed. Not only is the urban arrangement of selected complexes presented, but the planning and socio-economic, legal, and infrastructural aspects of these developments are also discussed.

  • Surrogate-Assisted Design of Checkerboard Metasurface for Broadband Radar Cross-Section Reduction
    • Muhammad Abdullah
    • Sławomir Kozieł
    2021 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    Metasurfaces have been extensively exploited in stealth applications to reduce radar cross section (RCS). They rely on the manipulation of backward scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves into various oblique angles. However, arbitrary control of the scattering properties poses a significant challenge as a design task. Yet it is a principal requirement for making RCS reduction possible. This article introduces a surrogate-based approach for rapid design optimization of checkerboard metasurfaces. Our methodology involves fast metamodels, and a combination of surrogate-assisted global optimization with local, gradient-based tuning. It permits an efficient control of the EM wave reflection characteristics, and ensures arriving at that the globally optimum solution within the assumed parameter space. The design procedure is fully automated. The framework is employed to develop a novel broadband checkerboard metasurface, where the RCS reduction is fundamentally based on the backward scattering manipulation carefully controlled by simultaneous adjustment of the unit cell dimensions. The properties of the structure are demonstrated using simulated monostatic and bistatic RCSs. The proposed metasurface exhibits 6 dB RCS reduction within the frequency range from 16 to 37 GHz. The numerical results are validated using physical measurements of the fabricated prototype. Experimental data indicates that the relative RCS reduction bandwidth is 83 percent, which makes the proposed structure outperforming the designs reported in the literature.

  • Survey on opportunities and barriers in lighting controls
    • Bruno Bueno Unzeta
    • Jan de Boer
    • Ruben Delvaeye
    • Bertrand Deroisy
    • Marc Fontoynont
    • David Geisler-Moroder,
    • Niko Gentile,
    • Tao Luo
    • Daniel Neves Pimenta
    • Per Reinhold
    • Michelangelo Scorpio
    • Sergio Sibilio
    • Natalia Sokół
    • Sophie Stoffer
    • Robert Weitlaner
    2021

    This report summarizes a survey performed in eight countries on the status quo of daylight and electric lighting control systems. Feedback from more than 100 international experts (building / facility managers and planers) was evaluated. The aim of the survey was to identify the perception of the different possibilities of the current lighting control solutions and the expectations about the control systems. The survey aims to provide a mapping of the current lighting control systems available at the market and an overview of which functions are perceived as most important and which areas are found to be improved. Participants of the survey had to rank each question in relation to the perceived importance and the need for improvement. The survey enclosed five general topics; energy, operational aspects, occupant control, occupant comfort and control functionality. The findings from the summary suggest, that the two main reasons for the implementation of lighting control systems are: 1. The possibility to reduce the electric lighting consumptions and 2. The opportunity to increase the user’s well-being and thereby reduce complaints from the users. From a user perspective, this means that the lighting system must ensure visual acuity and comfort by providing a sufficient level of illuminance and the ability to regulate the light level. Always in relation to the task and the ambient light in the space, and thereby creating a pleasant and comfortable light environment. Research suggests, when giving the users some manual control possibilities, the satisfaction with the lighting conditions in general increases The users should be able to both increase and dim the light levels or completely turn it off. This suggests, if the lighting control system is designed to regulate the illuminance automatically, it should be provided some kind of manual override. This is supported by the findings in the surveys, where all countries in one way or another find it important to provide the users with some possibility of user control. This as well applies to the control of the shading system in relation to avoid glare from high daylight intensities and undesired solar radiation coming into the space.

  • Sustainable development model for measuring and managing sustainability in the automotive sector
    • Dominik Jasiński
    • James Meredith
    • Kerry Kirwan
    2021 Pełny tekst SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

    A growing number of organizations across a variety of industries are now pursuing sustainable management business goals to improve business efficiency, manage stakeholder expectations, or for legislative compliance. This is also the case for automotive manufacturing organizations who are under pressure from their stakeholders to manage and improve sustainability performance. This requires the development of credible measurement tools and systems to enable capture and monitoring of sustainability. This paper describes the development process for an innovative model, named the Automotive Sustainability Assessment Model (A-SAM), to drive sustainable decision-making in the automotive sector. The process of developing the model consisted of four major steps, each of which contained series of intermediate steps, individual objectives, and research methods. The model measures, quantifies, and translates a broad range of external effects (both positive and negative) into their monetary equivalents, enabling large car manufacturers to evaluate options, identify win–wins, and optimize trade-off, while making complex and multidisciplinary sustainability decisions. It allows managers and design engineers in the automotive sector to develop a better understanding of the environmental, resource, and social impacts of their activities, products, processes, and materials used, while still ensuring cost-effectiveness when making decisions. The A-SAM shows promise as an effective tool for supporting sustainability decisions in a business environment. Although developed in the context of the automotive industry, it can be adapted by organizations of any type, operating across many different sectors for managing sustainability in a more holistic, comprehensive, and integrated manner.

  • Sustainable Fashion in Poland—Too Early or Too Late?
    • Magdalena Popowska
    • Aleksandra Sinkiewicz
    2021 Pełny tekst Sustainability

    This article presents an analysis of the concept of sustainable fashion from the Polish consumer’s perspective. The aim of this research is to investigate how Polish fashion consumers approach the concepts of sustainability, such as organic, fair-trade, and carbon emissions. Exploring the experience of the Polish consumption context provides a richer understanding of the evolution of fashion sustainability concepts in this and similar countries. The research methods applied comprise the literature review, including the theoretical and empirical items, and the survey conducted among Polish clothing consumers. According to our findings, they declare caring more about the general environment but do not pay attention to sustainable development in the clothing industry. It is also worth noting that Poles, compared to other consumers in selected markets, have an unfavourable opinion of their own nation on the approach to sustainable development in the garment industry.

  • Sustainable recovery of plant essential Nitrogen and Phosphorus from human urine using industrial coal fly ash
    • Mahesh Ganesapillai
    • Jakub Drewnowski
    • Shivendu Ranjan
    • Thirumalini Selvaraj
    2021 Environmental Technology & Innovation

    Coal-based thermal power plants play a pivotal role in meeting global energy demand. The amount of fly ash generated from these plants increases every year, and its successful use has posed a significant environmental risk in the last decade. In this study, coal fly ash was packed in a fixed-bed adsorption column to remove Urea–N from synthetic human urine. To assess the efficacy of fly ash in the removal of Nitrogen, various process parameters were tested, including initial urea concentration in urine (20, 40, 60%), fly ash loading in column (100, 150, 200 g), and urine flow rate through the column (2, 4, 6 L.h−1). The initial urea concentration and bed height were found to have a major impact on nutrient recovery. Following nitrogen removal, the effluent urine was de-phosphatized using struvite precipitation and approximately 83% of phosphorus was recovered. High inlet urine concentration (60%), high flow rate (6 L.h−1) and minimal adsorbent loading (100 g) resulted in maximum struvite precipitation. The column breakthrough and characteristic parameters of four different models were predicted using kinetic modelling of the adsorption data, in which Yoon-Nelson and Thomas’ models suggested efficient removal and recovery of plant essential nutrients. As a result of the findings, coal fly ash appears to be a promising adsorbent for extracting these important plant nutrients. The effect of initial urine concentration, fly ash loading in the column, and urine flow rate on dephospatisation was calculated. The findings of this study will shed light on the process of nutrient adsorption process selection and detail the comparative differences between continuous and batch nutrient recovery of human urine.

  • Sustainable upcycling of brewers’ spent grain by thermo-mechanical treatment in twin-screw extruder
    • Aleksander Hejna
    • Mateusz Barczewski
    • Katarzyna Skórczewska
    • Joanna Szulc
    • Błażej Chmielnicki
    • Jerzy Korol
    • Krzysztof Formela
    2021 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION

    Thermo-mechanical treatment of brewers’ spent grain (a by-product of beer manufacturing) was successfully performed via the extrusion process. The impact of temperature (from 30 to 180 °C), throughput (from 1 to 5 kg/h) and screw speed (from 75 to 375 rpm) on particle size, color, chemical structure, antioxidant activity and thermal stability of resulting material, as well as correlations between particular properties, were investigated. The color of treated brewers’ spent grain was strongly influenced by particle size and the extent of Maillard reactions occurring during extrusion, responsible for the browning of material. Moreover, products of these reactions, melanoidins, enhanced the antioxidant activity of brewers’ spent grain, which after extrusion at 180 °C was increased by even 100%. Thermo-mechanical treatment of brewers’ spent grain at 120 and 180 °C increased its thermal stability investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. It was also observed that temperature treatment above 100 °C also led to the reduction in friction inside the extruder barrel and reduced by at least 20% specific mechanical energy required to brewers’ spent grain modification, which positively affects the economic aspect of the process. The results confirm that a proper adjustment of extrusion parameters allows easy tailoring of the appearance (color, particle size distribution) and performance properties (thermal stability, antioxidant activity) of brewers’ spent grain, which significantly extend applications of this cellulosic-rich waste in wood polymer composites technology.

  • Sustainable Use of the Catenary by Trolleybuses with Auxiliary Power Sources on the Example of Gdynia
    • Mikołaj Bartłomiejczyk
    • Marcin Połom
    2021 Pełny tekst Infrastructures

    The current developments in onboard power source technology, in particular, traction batteries, open up new potential in trolleybus transport and also make it possible to introduce electric buses. Thus far, trolleybus transport has required the presence of overhead lines (OHL). Introducing trolleybuses with onboard batteries makes it possible to grow the zero-emissions transport network in places with limited power supply capabilities and low population density, or in places where building OHL would not be possible. This improves the efficiency of trolleybus transport and makes environmentally friendly public transport more accessible to the local citizens. Despite their obvious advantages, traction batteries can also be problematic, as the drivers may overuse them (e.g., in the event of pantograph failure), and the public transport authorities and transport companies may plan connections in an ineffective way without preparing the necessary infrastructure (the absence of slipways or automatic connection capabilities), which in turn leads to inefficient use of the OHL. The article outlines the operation of the trolleybus transport network in Gdynia. The use of traction batteries in regular connections is analysed, and the potential for electrification of the bus line, some sections of which follow the traction infrastructure, is examined.

  • Synagogi dawnej Polski - ich teraźniejszość i przyszłość
    • Joanna Kabrońska
    2021

    Tekst stanowi próbę ujęcia w szerszej perspektywie złożonego zjawiska zmiany formy użytkowania ocalałych obiektów kultu religijnego. Postępująca sekularyzacja współczesnych społeczeństw stanowi wyzwanie dla religijnych społeczności różnych wyznań, przynosząc również pytania dotyczące zmiany przeznaczenia pustoszejących świątyń. Biorąc pod uwagę społeczny kontekst zarysowany powyżej, ocalałe budynki synagog można uznać za odrębny, trudny problem. Dawne społeczności żydowskie, będące gospodarzami obiektów, stały się ofiarami wojny, a nieliczni, którzy przetrwali wojnę, wyjechali z Polski w kolejnych falach emigracji. Pozostały bóżnice i cmentarze, którymi nie ma się kto opiekować, ponieważ nie istnieje już wspólnota religijna. Wskazanie formy użytkowania budynków, które pierwotnie były domami modlitwy i miejscami zebrań gminy żydowskiej, nie byłoby właściwe bez dopuszczenia do głosu współczesnej społeczności żydowskiej. Jednak różnorodność poglądów i interpretacji, związana z tym problemem, czyni zadanie jeszcze trudniejszym. Rozpatrując zjawisko zmiany formy użytkowania ocalałych synagog, warto również zwrócić uwagę na rolę artystów, którzy uczynili architekturę ocalałych obiektów kultu religijnego tworzywem swoich działań artystycznych. Często jako pierwsi ujawniają oni wrośnięte w krajobraz budynki i przywołują ich pierwotne przeznaczenie, czyniąc sztukę w pewnym sensie narzędziem resakralizacji tych obiektów i jednocześnie ukazując nowe kierunki myślenia o ich przyszłości.

  • Synergistic Effects of Propolis Combined with 2-Phenoxyethanol and Antipyretics on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus
    • Katarzyna Grecka
    • Piotr Szweda
    2021 Pełny tekst Pharmaceutics

    The present investigation aimed to assess the combinational effect of commonly usedantipyretics and antiseptics with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEPs) on the growth inhibition ofStaphylococcus aureus. The broth microdilution checkerboard assay revealed synergistic interactionsbetween all investigated antipyretics, namely acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen,with EEPs samples. The values of the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) index for all thesecombinations were <0.5. While, in the case of considered antiseptics, namely chlorhexidine, octenidinedihydrochloride, and 2-phenoxyethanol, the positive interaction was confirmed only for the last one(values ofΣFIC in the range 0.0625–0.25). Combinations of two other agents with all four samples ofEEPs resulted in an important antagonistic effect (values ofΣFIC≥4.5). Propolis is mostly dedicatedto the treatment of skin/wound infections; thus, these findings are of particular practical importance.The outcomes of the study also support the hypothesis that the propolis’s antimicrobial effect is dueto the combined (synergistic) action of several ingredients rather than the presence of one componentof high antibacterial activity. The composition of 13 ingredients of EEPs (at a concentration belowthe MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the most active agent) exhibited considerably highanti-staphylococcal efficiency with MIC = 128μg/mL.

  • Synteza, struktura chemiczna i właściwości bezizocyjanianowych poliuretanów otrzymywanych z wykorzystaniem CO2 oraz surowców pochodzenia naturalnego.
    • Kamila Rohde
    2021

    Z uwagi na wciąż rosnącą świadomość proekologiczną, politykę zrównoważonego rozwoju, a także nurt zielonej chemii wiodącym trendem w przemyśle tworzyw sztucznych jest poszukiwanie alternatywnych metod otrzymywania materiałów polimerowych. Komercyjnie poliuretany otrzymywane są w wyniku reakcji poliaddycji di- lub poliizocyjanianów z poliolami i małocząsteczkowymi przedłużaczami łańcucha. Z uwagi na niekorzystne właściwości diizocyjanianów, a także prognozowane zmniejszenie zasobów ropy naftowej i związany z tym wzrost cen rynkowych surowców, ośrodki naukowo-badawcze poszukują nowych metod syntezy tych materiałów. Głównym celem prezentowanej rozprawy doktorskiej było otrzymanie bezizocyjanianowych poliuretanów w wyniku reakcji poliaddycji cyklicznych węglanów oraz di- lub poliamin z zastosowaniem monomerów pochodzenia roślinnego i dwutlenku węgla, jako reagenta wbudowywanego w strukturę eterów diglicydylowych. Cel realizowano poprzez wykorzystanie komercyjnie dostępnego poli(glikolu trimetylenowego) pochodzenia roślinnego oraz aminowych pochodnych zdimeryzowanych kawasów tłuszczowych. Ponadto, dwutlenek węgla w reakcji cykloaddycji wbudowywano w strukturę półproduktów zakończonych grupami oksiranowymi. Opracowana metoda nie wymaga zastosowania podwyższonego ciśnienia, możliwe jest kontrolowanie prędkości przepływu gazu, a także nie ma konieczności stosowania toksycznych rozpuszczalników organicznych. Niniejsza rozprawa doktorska oparta jest na czterech artykułach opublikowanych w recenzowanych czasopismach naukowych. W ramach prowadzonych prac badawczych szczegółowo scharakteryzowano strukturę chemiczną, a także wybrane właściwości otrzymywanych na każdym etapie prac produktów.

  • Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(zwitterionic) Structures for Energy Conversion and Storage
    • Adrian Olejnik
    • Siuzdak Katarzyna
    • Katarzyna Grochowska
    2021

    Zwitterions are unique class of molecules that possess two functional groups bearing electric charges, one positive and second negative. This setup results in peculiar properties such as high water retention and anti-fouling capability. Therefore, zwitterionic coatings and gels are commonly applied in e.g. biosensing and bioelectronic devices. Despite those applications, there are other perspectives for zwitterionic materials. Recently, they have gained attention in the fields of energy storage and conversion. In particular, gel electrolytes for batteries and solid state supercapacitors based on zwitterionic polymers have significantly higher ionic conductivity compared to standard electrolytes based on e.g. poly(vinyl alcohol). Moreover,the capacitance of devices with zwitterionic electrolytes is generally few times higher and retained after a larger number of cycles. Zwitterions are also prominent interlayers between photoactive materials and electrical contacts in organic and perovskite solar cells facilitating charge injection. Considering the unique properties of zwitterions and a large variety of available structures, they have become animportant point of scientific attention in the field of energy storage and conversion. Despite some concepts have already been developed, there is plenty to be discovered about these materials. In our opinion zwitterions can be regarded as the most prospective ones in energy fields.

  • Synthesis and Physicochemical Characteristics of Chitosan-Based Polyurethane Flexible Foams
    • Agnieszka Piotrowska-Kirschling
    • Adam Olszewski
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Łukasz Piszczyk
    • Joanna Brzeska
    2021 Pełny tekst Processes

    The use of shrimp waste to obtain chitosan (Ch) is an essential issue, considering a circular economy, waste management, and its application to environmentally friendly materials. In this study, northern prawn shells were utilized to obtain Ch, which could then be used for synthesizing chitosan-based polyurethane (PUR+Ch) foams with different Ch concentration. The chemical structure, morphology, hardness, thermal properties, viscoelastic properties, and sorption properties in relation to oil and water of these materials were determined. The results present that the addition of Ch into PUR influences the physicochemical characteristics and properties of the tested materials. PUR+Ch foams with 1–3 wt% Ch had more open cells and were softer than neat PUR. PUR+Ch1 had the best thermal properties. PUR+Ch2 foam with 2 wt% Ch as a whole was characterized as having the highest water sorption. The PUR+Ch1 foam with 1 wt% Ch had the best oil sorption. This paper shows that the modification of PUR by Ch is a very promising solution, and PUR+Ch foams can be applied in the water treatment of oil spills, which can be dangerous to the water environment.

  • Synthesis and structural characterization of bio-based bis(cyclic carbonate)s for the preparation of non-isocyanate polyurethanes
    • Kamila Błażek
    • Hynek Beneš
    • Zuzana Walterová
    • Sabina Abbrent
    • Arantxa Eceiza
    • Tamara Calvo-Correas
    • Janusz Datta
    2021 Polymer Chemistry

    Bio-based cyclic carbonates are of significant research interest as monomers for non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) synthesis. This research describes the synthesis of a series of five-membered bis(cyclic carbonate)s using bio-based polyether polyols (PO3G) with different molecular weights (250, 650 and 1000 g mol−1) and carbon dioxide as green feedstocks. The utilization of CO2 as a source of carbon in the chemical reaction is in agreement with the sustainable chemical industry. Furthermore, in order to support the green and sustainable polymer chemistry approach, the syntheses were attempted under solvent-free conditions. The implemented synthetic methods are focused on the design of processes and final products that minimize negative environmental impact. Detailed chemical structure analysis of synthesized products was performed using a combination of spectroscopy techniques (ATR-FTIR as well as 1D and 2D NMR techniques), mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and chromatography analysis (SEC). The formation of the main product with two terminal cyclic carbonates was confirmed and the formed side products were also identified, characterized and quantified. Finally, as a proof of concept, the synthesized bis(cyclic carbonate)s were successfully used for the preparation of NIPU thermosets. Chemical and mechanical properties of the produced materials suggest their high potential for future applications, e.g. as sound absorbing materials.

  • Synthesis and Structure of Novel Copper(II) Complexes with N,O- or N,N-Donors as Radical Scavengers and a Functional Model of the Active Sites in Metalloenzymes
    • Joanna Masternak
    • Małgorzata Zienkiewicz-Machnik
    • Iwona Łakomska
    • Maciej Hodorowicz
    • Katarzyna Kazimierczuk
    • Milena Nosek
    • Amelia Majkowska-Młynarczyk
    • Joanna Wietrzyk
    • Barbara Barszcz
    2021 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

    Toevaluatetheantioxidantactivityofpotentialsyntheticenzymemimetics,wepreparednewfivecopper(II)complexesviaaself‐assemblymethodandnamedthem[Cu(2‐(HOCH2)py)3](ClO4)2(1),[Cu(2‐(HOCH2)py)2(H2O)2]SiF6(2),[Cu2(2‐(HOCH2CH2)py)2(2‐(OCH2CH2)py)2](ClO4)2(3),[Cu(pyBIm)3](BF4)2∙1.5H2O(4)and[Cu(py2C(OH)2)2](ClO4)2(5).ThesyntheticprotocolinvolvedN,O‐ orN,N‐donors:2‐(hydroxymethyl)pyridine(2‐(HOCH2)py),2‐(hydroxyethyl)pyridine(2‐(HOCH2CH2)py),2‐(2‐pyridyl)benzimidazole(pyBIm),di(2‐pyridyl)ke‐tone(py2CO).TheobtainedCu(II)complexeswerefullycharacterisedbyelementalanalysis,FTIR,EPR,UV‐Vis,single‐crystalX‐raydiffractionandHirshfeldsurfaceanalysis.Crystallographicandspectroscopicanalysesconfirmedchromophoresofbothmonomeric({CuN3O3}(1),{CuN2O4}(2),{CuN6}(4),{CuN4O2}(5))anddimericcomplex({CuN2O3}(3)).Mostoftheobtainedspeciespos‐sessedadistortedoctahedralenvironment,exceptdimer3,whichconsistedoftwocoppercentreswithsquarepyramidalgeometries.Thewater‐solublecompounds(1,3and5)wereselectedforbiologicaltesting.Theresultsofthestudyrevealedthatcomplex1insolutionsdisplayedbetterradicalscavengingactivitythancomplexes3,5andfreeligands.Therefore,complex1hasbeenselectedforfurtherstudiestotestitsactivityasanenzymemimetic.Thechosencompoundwastestedontheerythrocytelysateoftwogroupsofpatientsafterundergoingchemotherapyandchemoradiotherapy.Theeffectofthetestedcompound(1)onenzymeactivitylevels(TAS,SODandCAT)suggeststhattheselectedcomplexcanbetreatedasafunctionalmimeticoftheenzymes.

  • Synthesis, characteristics, and photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles stabilized on the stone surface for degradation of metronidazole from aqueous solution
    • Amir Naser Alibeigi
    • Neda Javid
    • Majid Amiri Gharaghani
    • Zhila Honarmandrad
    • Fatemeh Parsaie
    2021 Pełny tekst Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal

    Abstract Background: The presence of antibiotics such as metronidazole in wastewater even at low concentrations requires searching for a suitable process such as advanced oxidation process (AOP) to reduce the level of pollutants to a standard level in water. Methods: In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal method using zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) as a precursor, then, stabilized on stone and was used as a catalyst, in order to degrade metronidazole by photocalytic process. Effective factors on the removal efficiency of metronidazole including the initial metronidazole concentration, contact time, pH, and 0.9 gL-1 ZnO stabilized on the stone surface were investigated. Results: The X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that the synthesized nanomaterials have hexagonal Wurtzite structure. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the average crystalline size of the synthesized ZnO particles was in the range of 1.9-3.2 nm. The spectra represented a sharp absorption edge at 390 nm for ZnO nanoparticles corresponding to band gap of 3.168 eV. The BET-BJH specific surface area of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles was 25.504 m2/g. The EDS spectrum of ZnO nanoparticles showed four peaks, which were identified as Zn and O. The maximum removal efficiency was 98.36% for the synthetic solution under a specific condition (pH = 11, reaction time = 90 minutes, ZnO concentration = 0.9 gL-1, and the initial concentration of metronidazole = 10 mgL-1). The photocatalytic degradation was found to follow pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics. Conclusion: Therefore, the ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition are suitable and effective photocatalytic materials for degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants.

  • Synthesis of Phosphonated Carbon Nanotubes: New Insight into Carbon Nanotubes Functionalization
    • Małgorzata Nadolska
    • Marta Prześniak-Welenc
    • Marcin Łapiński
    • Kamila Sadowska
    2021 Pełny tekst Materials

    Carbon nanotubes were successfully functionalized for the first time in a free radical phosphonylation reaction. Three synthetic protocols were proposed. Carbon nanotubes and diethylphosphite reacted in the presence of known radical initiator, such as azobisisobutyronitrile, single electron oxidant—Mn(OAc)3, or under UV radiation. The functionalized material was fully characterized by means of spectroscopic methods, together with microscopic, surface area and thermogravimetric analyses. UV-illumination was found to be the most effective approach for introducing phosphonates onto carbon nanotubes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed 6% phosphorus in this sample. Moreover, the method was performed at room temperature for only one hour, using diethylphosphite as a reactant and as a solvent. The functionalized carbon nanotubes showed an improved thermal stability, with a decomposition onset temperature increase of more than 130 °C. This makes it very promising material for flame retarding applications.

  • SYNTHETIZED MEMBRANES FOR ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF POROUS MEMBRANE PACKED SOLID SAMPLES.
    • Martyna Jurczyk
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Emilia Gontarek-Castro
    2021 Pełny tekst

    Membranes are becoming more and more popular in analytical chemistry, which is why they are used, among others, in extraction processes. Therefore, this work focuses on the process of synthesis PVDF membranes and its optimization. The obtained membranes were used as bags for the phthalate extraction in disposable diapers for babies. Extraction was accomplished by method ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction of porous PVDF membrane packed solid samples. As a result of the research, it was found that the most optimal temperature for the synthesis of membranes was 40°C. The phthalates were extracted in this process. However, the reproducibility was insufficient.

  • System do diagnostyki dermatofitowych zakażeń powierzchniowych oparty na technice Real-Time PCR
    • Natalia Kobylak
    2021 Pełny tekst

    Dermatofity należą do blisko spokrewnionej grupy grzybów, które wykazują wysokie powinowactwo do skeratynizowanych tkanek. Cecha ta czyni je odpowiedzialnymi za powierzchniowe grzybice skóry, paznokci oraz włosów. Szacuje się, iż nawet do 20% ludzi na całym świecie dotkniętych jest infekcjami powodowanymi przez dermatofity. Ich leczenie wymaga długotrwałego zastosowania leków przeciwgrzybiczych. W celu dobrania odpowiedniego leczenia należy zapewnić prawidłową diagnozę, która przy zastosowaniu konwencjonalnych metod jest nie tylko długotrwała, ale również kosztowna, jak i wymaga wieloletniego doświadczenia diagnosty. Biorąc powyższe pod uwagę, niezmiernie istotne jest stworzenie szybkiego i prostego testu diagnostycznego, opartego na metodach molekularnych, który zapewni identyfikację gatunkową. Celem badań prowadzonych w ramach niniejszej pracy doktorskiej było opracowanie testu diagnostycznego, który w pierwszym etapie wykrywałby dermatofity, a w drugim etapie zapewniłby identyfikację gatunkową oraz co wydawało się największym wyzwaniem opracowanie jednoetapowej metody przygotowania DNA, które mogłoby być stosowane w technice Real-Time PCR. W pierwszym etapie pracy wykazano możliwość zastosowanie DNA wyizolowanego szybką, dwuetapową w reakcjach Real-Time PCR przy użyciu starterów wykrywających DNA wszystkich dermatofitów oraz starterów wykrywających DNA gatunku Trichophyton rubrum. Następnie, zostały zaprojektowane startery umożliwiające wykrycie DNA gatunków Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum audouinii/Microsporum ferrugineum oraz kompleksu Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Zaprojektowane układy przetestowano na 246 izolatach oraz wstępnie potwierdzono możliwość ich zastosowania z użyciem próbek klinicznych. Na sam koniec opracowano nową metodę szybszej izolacji DNA dermatofitów, charakteryzującą się mniejszym ryzykiem kontaminacji w porównaniu z istniejącymi metodami.

  • Systematic Assessment of Product Quality
    • Radosław Drozd
    • Radosław Wolniak
    2021 Pełny tekst Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity

    The article describes an innovative metrizable idea for systemic assessments of product quality within the baking industry. Complex product quality analysis requires the employment of metrizability criteria for factors that impact the quality of the product, and these are called determinants. Therefore, such analysis is only possible with the use of systems engineering. A system represents the potential of a manufacturing process, of major impact on quality. Composites of the manufacturing process make up the determinants of bread quality, grouped into three sets: raw materials, manufacturing technology, and manufacturing organization and technique. This paper also contains methodological implications for the construction of algorithms for manufacturing process potential determinants. Metrizable product quality assessment is a very important issue in the context of its implementation in manufacturing companies. Its use allows for obtaining comprehensive data on the quality status of a product. It is an important tool for analyzing and forecasting modern quality trends. The method presented in the article is new, innovative, and practical; and its vector representation may prove useful in Quality 4.0. The method could be an important point of reference for managers, directors, and decision makers who must determine the best metrizability criteria for systemic product quality assessments, and could prove useful in Industry 4.0 in the bakery industry. The main value of the paper is the presentation of a new, extensive method for systemic assessments of product quality based on vector analysis in industrial organization. We trialed the method in the baking industry. We concluded that the method is a contribution to management science, especially in the field of quality management, because this approach is not used in business and is not described in relevant international literature.

  • Sztuczna inteligencja w onkologii - nowe narzędzia do diagnostyki i medycyny spersonalizowanej
    • Krzysztof Pastuszak
    • Michał Żuk
    • Anna Supernat
    2021

    statnie dekady doprowadziły do rozwoju zaawansowanych technologii badawczych, cechujących się wysoką przepustowością. Zmienia to oblicze medycyny, doprowadzając do generowania ogromnej ilości danych. Z każdym kolejnym rokiem przybywa pacjentów onkologicznych, a zebrane informacje o pacjentach przekraczają możliwości lekarzy i naukowców w zakresie samodzielnej analizy tzw. big data. Właśnie dlatego świat nauki coraz częściej zwraca się ku algorytmom sztucznej inteligencji (AI, ang. – artificial intelligence).

  • Święto Otwartej Nauki w Bibliotece Politechniki Gdańskiej w ramach Open Access Week 2021
    • Kamila Kokot-Kanikuła
    • Agnieszka Szymik
    2021 Pełny tekst Pismo PG

    W dniach 25–31 października 2021 roku odbyła się kolejna edycja Open Access Week, imprezy w Polsce znanej jako Tydzień Otwartej Nauki. Biblioteka PG aktywnie włączyła się w promocję tego naukowego święta poprzez organizację webinariów, prezentacji i spotkań.

  • Tacit knowledge awareness and sharing as a focal part of knowledge production, Polish-US view on IT, healthcare, and construction industry
    • Wioleta Kucharska
    2021

    In the knowledge economy era, knowledge production and dissemination are of key interest to individuals, organizations, and economies. Tacit knowledge results from experience, leading to innovation. The learning culture can facilitate the transformation of errors into experiences. This study explores whether mistake acceptance facilitates tacit knowledge awareness and sharing in the information technology, healthcare, and construction industries in Poland and the United States. The findings show the influence of mistake acceptance on knowledge production and the differences between countries and industries. The US showed a higher level of mistake acceptance, which was similar across the three industries, than did Poland, which showed differences between sectors. In general, the higher the acceptance of mistakes, the greater the effect of tacit knowledge awareness on sharing. This study shows that there is no knowledge production without learning and no learning without mistake acceptance.

  • Tailoring properties of indium tin oxide thin films for their work in both electrochemical and optical label-free sensing systems
    • Petr Sezemsky
    • Dariusz Burnat
    • Jiri Kratochvil
    • Harm Wulff
    • Angela Kruth
    • Katarzyna Lechowicz
    • Monika Janik
    • Robert Bogdanowicz
    • Martin Cada
    • Zdenek Hubicka
    • Paweł Niedziałkowski
    • Wioleta Białobrzeska
    • Vitezslav Stranak
    • Mateusz Śmietana
    2021 Pełny tekst SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL

    This work is devoted to the identification properties of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films responsible for their possible application in combined optical and electrochemical label-free sensing systems offering enhanced functionalities. Since any post-processing would make it difficult to identify direct relation between deposition parameters and properties of the ITO films, especially when deposition on temperature-sensitive substrates is considered, the films were deposited using reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) at low temperature and with no post-deposition annealing. We focused mainly on the impact of reactive gases, such as oxygen or nitrogen introduced to the process chamber, on control over plasma parameters and subsequently properties of the films. The properties of the films were investigated using X-ray diffractometry, spectroscopic ellipsometry, four-point probe, and cyclic voltammetry. For presenting optical sensing capabilities, the tailored ITO films in addition to silicon and glass wafers were also deposited on the core of optical fibers to induce the lossy-mode resonance (LMR) phenomenon. The existence of specific deposition conditions resulting in ITO film properties offering both high-quality electrochemical and LMR responses has been experimentally proven. It has been found that the crystalline structure of ITO plays a key role in the determination of both the sensing capabilities. Finally, label-free sensing of antibody-antibody interactions in both optical and electrochemical domains for the sensor with tailored ITO film has been shown.

  • Tax Policy Tools of Selected European Countries as a Mechanism for Counteracting the Effects of the Crisis Caused by the COVID-19 Disease Pandemic
    • Piotr Kasprzak
    • Jerzy Frankowski
    2021

    Crises play an important role in a economics life. They are common and it is impossible to omit them. This following study investigates the concept of ‘crisis’ in the context of economic situation. This text describes the most important financial crises that took place in the past. After that authors passes on a detailed analysis of the actual corona-crisis and the way that it affects the economy globally. The main goal of this study is to show the European state governments reactions and action to this unusual crisis that were made in the context of tax regulations. In conclusion the target was reached what resulted in this study.

  • T-colorings, divisibility and circular chromatic number
    • Robert Janczewski
    • Anna Maria Trzaskowska
    • Krzysztof Turowski
    2021 Pełny tekst Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory

    Let T be a T-set, i.e., a finite set of nonnegative integers satisfying 0 ∈ T, and G be a graph. In the paper we study relations between the T-edge spans espT (G) and espd⊙T (G), where d is a positive integer and d ⊙ T = {0 ≤ t ≤ d (max T + 1): d |t ⇒ t/d ∈ T} . We show that espd⊙T (G) = d espT (G) − r, where r, 0 ≤ r ≤ d − 1, is an integer that depends on T and G. Next we focus on the case T = {0} and show that espd⊙{0} (G) = ⌈d(χc(G) − 1)⌉, where χc(G) is the circular chromatic number of G. This result allows us to formulate several interesting conclusions that include a new formula for the circular chromatic number χc(G) = 1 + inf espd⊙{0} (G)/d: d ≥ 1 and a proof that the formula for the T-edge span of powers of cycles, stated as conjecture in [Y. Zhao, W. He and R. Cao, The edge span of T-coloring on graph C d n , Appl. Math. Lett. 19 (2006) 647–651], is true.

  • Technical and Economic Analysis of the Supercritical Combined Gas-Steam Cycle
    • Marcin Jamróz
    • Marian Piwowarski
    • Paweł Ziemiański
    • Gabriel Pawlak
    2021 Pełny tekst ENERGIES

    Combined cycle power plants are characterized by high efficiency, now exceeding 60%. The record-breaking power plant listed in the Guinness Book of World Records is the Nishi-Nagoya power plant commissioned in March 2018, located in Japan, and reaching the gross efficiency of 63.08%. Research and development centers, energy companies, and scientific institutions are taking various actions to increase this efficiency. Both the gas turbine and the steam turbine of the combined cycle are modified. The main objective of this paper is to improve the gas-steam cycle efficiency and to reach the efficiency that is higher than in the record-breaking Nishi-Nagoya power plant. To do so, a number of numerical calculations were performed for the cycle design similar to the one used in the Nishi-Nagoya power plant. The paper assumes the use of the same gas turbines as in the reference power plant. The process of recovering heat from exhaust gases had to be organized so that the highest capacity and efficiency were achieved. The analyses focused on the selection of parameters and the modification of the cycle design in the steam part area in order to increase overall efficiency. As part of the calculations, the appropriate selection of the most favorable thermodynamic parameters of the steam at the inlet to the high-pressure (HP) part of the turbine (supercritical pressure) allowed the authors to obtain the efficiency and the capacity of 64.45% and about 1.214 GW respectively compared to the reference values of 63.08% and 1.19 GW. The authors believe that efficiency can be improved further. One of the methods to do so is to continue increasing the high-pressure steam temperature because it is the first part of the generator into which exhaust gases enter. The economic analysis revealed that the difference between the annual revenue from the sale of electricity and the annual fuel cost is considerably higher for power plants set to supercritical parameters, reaching approx. USD 14 million per annum. It is proposed that investments in adapting components of the steam part to supercritical parameters may be balanced out by a higher profit.

  • Techniki wielokanałowe wykorzystywane w koncertach i nagraniach muzycznych na odległość
    • Bartłomiej Mróz
    • Bożena Kostek
    • Piotr Odya
    2021

    W czasie pandemii koronawirusa COVID-19 nowego znaczenia nabrały możliwości transmisji dźwięku z obrazem – zwłaszcza do pracy zdalnej, która w przypadku muzyków jest szczególnym wyzwaniem zarówno w kontekście wspólnych ćwiczeń i prób, jak i koncertów. Wynikła konieczność wieloźródłowego połączenia ujawniła potrzebę uprzestrzennienia dźwięku w celu łatwiejszej lokalizacji źródeł dźwięku. Tworzenie zdalnych nagrań muzycznych stało się obecnie niepowtarzalną okazją do produkcji wielokanałowych, przestrzennych, wykorzystujących techniki ambisoniczne i binauralne. Techniki te umożliwiają stworzenie nowych, immersyjnych doznań dla słuchaczy. W rozdziale przedstawiono zrealizowane nagrania ambisoniczne Akademickiego Chóru Politechniki Gdańskiej. Zawarto opis związany z warsztatem realizatora dźwięku i obrazu oraz omówiono problemy związane z synchronizacją dźwięku. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawiono krótko podstawy teoretyczne ambisonii. Podano również plan dalszych prac, które będą stanowić rozwinięcie wykonanych nagrań w kontekście ich oceny.

  • Technologie cyfrowe w rozwoju współpracy biznes-uczelnie na przykładzie sektora biofarmaceutycznego w świecie VUCA
    • Sylwia Sieracka
    2021

    W nieprzewidywalnym świecie VUCA coraz większego znaczenia nabierają jasne zasady współpracy. GOZ stwarza szerokie spektrum możliwości współpracy przedsiębiorstw z uczelniami badawczymi. Nowe technologie mogą służyć usprawnieniu i rozwojowi tej kooperacji. Platforma–broker o charakterze sieciowym, z perspektywą rozwoju na rynek globalny i relacje on-line ma szansę przyczynić się zarówno do poprawy wyników innowacyjnych, jak i rynkowych.

  • TECHNOLOGY OF CREATING AND USAGE OF PROECOLOGICAL BLOCK EMPTYSEED
    • Jan Cudzik
    • Konstancja Olszewska
    2021 Pełny tekst Przestrzeń i Forma

    Nowadays, finding natural substitutes for mass-produced materials is one of the main tasks faced by scientists and designers. There is an increasing emphasis on the theme of ecology and the need for sustainability. Variants and methods are sought which will create environmentally friendly materials in a fast, relatively inexpensive and ecological way. The aim of this paper is to present different proposals of natural building materials and to demonstrate the research process in the search for an environmentally friendly facade material, analyzing it in terms of strength, durability and aesthetics. One of the reasons for this is the steadily deteriorating environmental conditions. Thus, architects strive to improve environmental safety.

  • Temperature Fiber-Optic Sensor with ZnO ALD Coating
    • Paulina Listewnik
    2021 Pełny tekst Engineering Proceedings

    This study presents a microsphere-based fiber-optic sensor with a ZnO Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) coating thickness of 100 nm for temperature measurements. Metrological properties of the sensor were investigated over the temperature range of 100 °C to 300 °C, with a 10 °C step. An interferometric signal is used to control whether the microstructure is whole. Spectrum shift of a reflected signal is used to ascertain changes in the measured parameter. With changing temperature, the peak position of a reflected signal also changes. The R2 coefficient of the presented sensor indicates a good linear fit of over 0.99 to the obtained data. The sensitivity of the sensor investigated in this study equals 0.019 nm/°C.

  • Tensile modulus of human orbital wall bones cut in sagittal and coronal planes
    • Krzysztof Żerdzicki
    • Paweł Lemski
    • Paweł Kłosowski
    • Andrzej Skorek
    • Marcin Zmuda Trzebiatowski
    • Mateusz Koberda
    2021 Pełny tekst PLOS ONE

    In the current research, 68 specimens of orbital superior and/or medial walls taken from 33 human cadavers (12 females, 21 males) were subjected to uniaxial tension untill fracture. The samples were cut in the coronal (38 specimens) and sagittal (30 specimens) planes of the orbital wall. Apparent density (ρapp), tensile Young’s modulus (E-modulus) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) were identified. Innovative test protocols were used to minimize artifacts and analyze the obtained data: (1) grips dedicated to non-symmetrical samples clamping were applied for mechanical testing, (2) non-contact measuring system of video-extensometer was employed for displacement registration, (3) ink imprint technique coupled with CAD analysis was applied to precisely access the cross-sectional areas of tested samples. With regard to a pooled group, apparent density for the coronal and sagittal cut plane was equal 1.53 g/cm3 and 1.57 g/cm3, tensile Young’s modulus 2.36 GPa and 2.14 GPa, and ultimate tensile strength 12.66 MPa and 14.35 MPa, respectively. No significant statistical differences (p > 0.05) were found for all the analyzed parameters when comparing coronal and sagittal plane cut groups. These observations confirmed the hypothesis that direction of sample cut does not affect the mechanical response of the orbital wall tissue, thus suggesting that mechanical properties of orbital wall bone show isotropic character.

  • Tensile validation tests with failure criteria comparison for various GFRP laminates
    • Tomasz Wiczenbach
    • Tomasz Ferenc
    2021 Pełny tekst Archives of Civil Engineering

    The paper studies the mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) with various types and orientation of reinforcement. Analyzed specimens manufactured in the infusion process are made of polymer vinyl ester resin reinforced with glass fibres. Several samples were examined containing different plies and various fibres orientation [0, 90] or [+45, –45]. To assess the mechanical parameters of laminates, a series of experimental tests were carried out. The samples were subjected to the uniaxial tensile tests, which allowed us to obtain substitute parameters, such as modulus of elasticity or strength. After all, results from experiments were used to validate the numerical model. A computational model was developed employing ABAQUS software using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The analysis was performed to verify and compare the results obtained from numerical calculations with the experiments. Additionally, the following failure criteria were studied, based on the index of failure IF Maximum Stress, Maximum Strain, Tsai–Hill, and Tsai–Wu. The results confirmed the assumptions made for the footbridge's design purpose, which is made using examined material. Moreover, comparing the experimental and numerical results found that in the linear-elastic range of the material, they are consistent, and there is no significant difference in results.

  • TensorHive: Management of Exclusive GPU Access for Distributed Machine Learning Workloads
    • Paweł Rościszewski
    • Michał Martyniak
    • Filip Schodowski
    2021 Pełny tekst JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH

    TensorHive is a tool for organizing work of research and engineering teams that use servers with GPUs for machine learning workloads. In a comprehensive web interface, it supports reservation of GPUs for exclusive usage, hardware monitoring, as well as configuring, executing and queuing distributed computational jobs. Focusing on easy installation and simple configuration, the tool automatically detects the available computing resources and monitors their utilization. Reservations granted on the basis of flexible access control settings are protected by pluggable violation hooks. The job execution module includes auto-configuration templates for distributed neural network training jobs in frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch. Documentation, source code, usage examples and issue tracking are available at the project page: https://github.com/roscisz/TensorHive/