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  • Miniaturized Inline Bandpass Filters Based on Triple-Mode Integrated Coaxial-Waveguide Resonators
    • Muhammad Yameen Sandhu
    • Sharjeel Afridi
    • Adam Lamęcki
    • Roberto Gómez-García
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2023 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    This work presents a design technique to implement miniaturized cross-coupled bandpass filters in inline physical configurations based on triple-mode resonators. Triple-mode resonances are obtained by using integrated coaxial-waveguide cavity resonators. They consist of two coaxial conducting posts placed in the sidewalls of a rectangular waveguide cavity. In the proposed triplet, a transmission zero (TZ) can be positioned at any of the two sides of the passband by simply locating the coaxial posts either on the same wall or on opposite walls of the rectangular waveguide cavity. Coaxial-to-waveguide mode coupling is implemented by means of coupling screws, which adds flexibility in terms of tuning easiness. Three 9.9-GHz proof-of-concept prototypes corresponding to third- and sixth-order integrated coaxial-waveguide bandpass filters are designed at the electromagnetic-simulation level. Furthermore, the triplet with a TZ below the passband is manufactured and characterized to experimentally validate the engineered 3-D RF filter principle and its underlying design theory.

  • Miniaturized Solid Phase Extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 1
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Monika Paszkiewicz
    • Magda Caban
    • Michel Y. Fares
    • Aysegul Dogan
    • Salvador Garrigues
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Natasa Kalogiouri
    • Paweł Mateusz Nowak
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Miguel de la Guardia
    2023 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) has been practiced in a modern form for more than half a century. It was constantly developing, driven by the analysts needs. These needs are coming from the importance to select an appropriate analytical method, which should have satisfactory accuracy, precision and sensitivity. In the case of sorbent-based microextraction techniques, the choice of miniaturized variants that meet these requirements as well as the requirements of GAC is extremely wide. The increasing popularity of the technique has spurred the influx of many manufacturers into the commercial side of the technology, and many columns, cartridges and discs are comercially available. SPE-type techniques which can be connected with quantification techniques, are perfect to be applied for pollution analysis. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with an updated, comprehensive overview of modern SPE techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis.

  • Miniaturized solid phase extraction techniques for different kind of pollutants analysis: State of the art and future perspectives – PART 2
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Natalia Jatkowska
    • Monika Paszkiewicz
    • Magda Caban
    • Michel Y. Fares
    • Aysegul Dogan
    • Salvador Garrigues
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Natasa Kalogiouri
    • Paweł Mateusz Nowak
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Miguel De la Guardia
    2023 TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

    Determination of pollutants present in environmental samples at a low concentration level very often requires the analytical protocol that includes analytes isolation and/or enrichment prior to the final quantification. Miniaturized SPE offers an interesting alternative to LLE. Nowadays, many types of sorbents are available and can be used as selective materials for extraction of varied analytes in different kinds of samples. The characteristic of sorbent plays a crucial role because determines the resulting extraction mechanism of particular technique. SPE techniques have numerous positive features. This review provides an updated, comprehensive overview of new types of sorbents used in SPE-based techniques. In addition, miniaturized SPE techniques applied to environmental problems are described, based on the most recent, relevant, and representative examples of successful application. The perspective of the most promising directions for the development of the SPE technology in the near future, and the greatest challenges that will have to be faced, are also outlined.

  • Mitigating metal-organic framework (MOF) toxicity for biomedical applications
    • Paulina Wiśniewska
    • Józef Haponiuk
    • Mohammad Saeb
    • Navid Rabiee
    • Sidi A. Bencherif
    2023 Pełny tekst CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL

    Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a novel class of crystalline porous materials, consisting of metal ions and organic linkers. These hybrid materials are highly porous and have a large specific surface area, making them of great interest for applications in gas separation, energy storage, biomedical imaging, and drug delivery. As MOFs are being explored for biomedical applications, it is essential to comprehensively assess their toxicity. Although nearly ninety thousand MOFs have been investigated, evaluating and optimizing their physico-chemical properties in relevant biological systems remain critical for their clinical translation. In this review article, we first provide a brief classification of MOFs based on their chemical structures. We then conduct a comprehensive evaluation of in vitro and in vivo studies that assess the biocompatibility of MOFs. Additionally, we discuss various approaches to mitigate the critical factors associated with MOF toxicity. To this end, the effects of chemistry, particle size, morphology, and particle aggregation are examined. To better understand MOFs' potential toxicity to living organisms, we also delve into the toxicity mechanisms of nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, we introduce and evaluate strategies such as surface modification to reduce the inherent toxicity of MOFs. Finally, we discuss current challenges, the path to clinical trials, and new research directions.

  • Mobile Networks' Analysis in Terms of QoS Performance Assessment
    • Dariusz Zmysłowski
    • Jan M. Kelner
    • Przemysław Falkowski-Gilski
    2023

    Quality of service (QoS) assessment is one of the basic processes carried out by mobile network operators (MNOs) and regulators of the telecommunications market. Usually, professional companies carry out measurements for various country areas and use cases (scenarios). In this paper, we show exemplary measurement results carried out in drive tests in the vicinity of the Polish capital by a professional company. The measurement campaign included two MNOs and three use cases, i.e., voice calls, video live streaming from YouTube, and web browsing. Various parameters of the received signals and QoS metrics were recorded during the measurements, e.g., reference signal received power, signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, mean opinion score (MOS), video MOS, and throughput. One of the MNOs provides services using Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) and Long-Term Evolution (LTE) technologies, while another is based only on LTE technology. The presented results show that higher QoS metrics were obtained for the LTE network than one using UMTS/LTE technologies.

  • Modal Adjustment of Rayleigh Based Structural Damping and Coordinate-Partitioning Algorithm Dedicated to Frictionless Contact Constraints between Multibody System and Structure Modelled with Finite Elements
    • Krzysztof Lipiński
    2023 SSRN Electronic Journal

    The paper presents a dedicated numerical algorithm. The algorithm is advantageous during investigations of the dynamics of a hybrid multibody / finite-elements system. We focus our attention on interactions resulting from mechanical contact. Pointwise contact connects a vertex of the multibody structure and a surface of the elastic reference body. Instead of a positive value of the relative penetration factor, constraint equations model the contact, and Lagrange multipliers model the constraint-associated reactions used in the dynamics equations. In the subsequent steps, the investigated procedure recalls a case-dedicated version of the classic coordinate-portioning algorithm. The dedicated numerical algorithm evaluates the algebraic unknown of the system, i.e., for each set of investigated accelerations, it calculates values of the Lagrange multipliers and values of the selected dependent accelerations resulting from the consistency of the constraint equations. When calculated, the algorithm eliminates them from the remaining equations. Consistently with purely numerical reasons, obtained differential equations are challenging for numerical integration. The paper presents one of the reasons. To solve the misadventure, it proposes an alternative numerically-rational model of the disturbing phenomena. The proposed solution recalls modal adjustment of the damping properties of the elastic subcomponent. We test the efficiency of the paper-proposed methodology with the use of a numerical example. We limit the tests to an example of a purely academic planar structure. Also, we restrict the tested elastic subcomponent to a case of a planar deformable beam. We model it with the use of two-node beam elements. Pin contacts, as well as frictionless pointwise slider-pin contacts, connect the elastic beam and the multibody. The paper presents the case-dedicated constraint equations and their associated Lagrange multipliers. Our initial tests investigate the main consequences of the presence of the uniform Rayleigh model of structural damping. In the subsequent numerical tests, we modify the main parameters of the structural damping. Indicated modification recalls the paper-proposed principles of the abovementioned modal adjustment. Paper-presented figures compare the obtained behaviours with those calculated previously for the Rayleigh model. Even if verified with a purely academic numerical model, the paper-proposed methodology is general.

  • Model studies to identify input parameters of an algorithm controlling electric supply/consumption process by underground iron ore enterprises
    • Oleh Sinchuk
    • Ryszard Strzelecki
    • Tetiana Beridze
    • Ihor Peresunko
    • Vladyslav Baranovskyi
    • Danyil Kobeliatskyi
    • Volodymyr Zapalskyi
    2023 Pełny tekst Mining of Mineral Deposits

    Purpose is the development of the research format of a mathematical model to select and assess input parameters of an algorithm controlling distribution of electric energy flows in the monitoring structure of electricity supply/ consumption by using equipment of mining enterprises engaged in underground iron ore raw materials extraction. Methods. The analytical research involved a theory of random processes adapted to the real conditions. For the purpose, results of experimental measurements have been applied obtained under the conditions of active iron ore enterprises using underground procedures of the raw materials mining. Methods of random functions (i.e. elements of correlation theory) have helped identify the basic input and output parameters characterizing rather completely electric supply consumption as a stochastic process to develop a control algorithm for the process. Originality. The procedure of electric supply/consumption by underground iron ore enterprises has been analyzed in the format of process of a stochastic process of their operation. For the first time, the synthesized mathematical model has been built; both average and disperse stochastic characteristics of electric consumption capacity have been identified; average period of electric energy consumption as a stationary random function during the specified time has been determined; and average number of electric consumption peaks for the interval has been defined as well as average duration of their surges. Analysis of the electric supply/consumption process as a stochastic process has helped solve a problem of the peak influence on the modes of electric energy consumption by receivers of the enterprises. Practical implications. According to the available computing formats, a calculation procedure of the operation parameters of electric supply/consumption is of insufficient accuracy since average values are applied and stochastic nature of the process is ignored, which is typical for the analyzed mining enterprises. The abovementioned restricts the possibility to develop adequate system to control the electric power process in terms of the types of mining enterprises and specificity of their operational technology. The developed methods of electric supply/consumption functioning dynamics as a stochastic process help expand its use while forming and making efficient managerial decisions in the context of the analyzed process.

  • Model zarządzania projektami informatycznymi w jednostkach sądownictwa powszechnego w Polsce
    • Monika Kuźmicz
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Projekty mają istotny wpływ na funkcjonowanie sądów powszechnych. Przyjrzenie się projektom informatycznym realizowanym w sądach wraz z raportem Najwyższej Izby Kontroli dot. sprawności realizowanych projektów informatycznych wymiaru sprawiedliwości doprowadziło do zidentyfikowania głównych problemów podczas realizacji inicjatyw informatycznych. Ponadto przegląd literatury dotyczący zarządzania projektami dla wymiaru sprawiedliwości doprowadził do wskazania luki w tym obszarze. Złożoność i specyfika organizacji publicznych, w szczególności sądów jako ich podzbioru, utrudnia możliwość wykorzystania dostępnych metodyk czy narzędzi wspierających zarządzanie projektami. To doprowadziło do sformułowania procesu badawczego rozprawy, w tym m.in. głównego celu pracy, tj. dostarczenia modelu zarządzania projektami informatycznymi w sądownictwie powszechnym obejmującego przypadki i dobre praktyki, uwzględniającego specyfikę sądów, który w konsekwencji pozwoli na usprawnienie realizacji projektów informatycznych w sądownictwie powszechnym. Do budowy tego modelu wybraną metodę wnioskowania w oparciu o przypadku CBR (ang. Case-Based Reasoning), która zakłada wykorzystywanie doświadczeń dla nowych problemów. W odniesieniu do modelu, CBR pozwala na wykorzystanie dobrych praktyk i przypadków obejmujących procesy, role i artefakty dla nowych projektów. Co więcej metoda ta pozwala na uczenie się i ciągłą rozbudowę modelu, co w przypadku organizacji wrażliwych na ciągłe zmiany otoczenia (np. regulacji prawnych) jakim są sądy jest szczególnie istotne.

  • Modele i algorytmy dla grafowych struktur defensywnych
    • Robert Lewoń
    2023 Pełny tekst

    W niniejszej pracy przeprowadzono analizę złożoności istnienia struktur defensywnych oraz równowag strategicznych w grafach. W przypadku struktur defensywnych badano modele koalicji defensywnych, zbiorów defensywnych i koalicji krawędziowych – każdy z nich w wersji globalnej, tj. z wymogiem dominacji całego grafu. W przypadku modeli równowagi strategicznej badano równowagę strategiczną koalicji defensywnych, równowagę strategiczną zbiorów defensywnych i równowagę strategiczną koalicji krawędziowych. Przedstawiono wielomianowe algorytmy konstruujące najmniejsze struktury defensywne oraz weryfikujące ich istnienie i konstruujące równowagi strategiczne w przypadku drzew. Dodatkowo zweryfikowano trudność obliczeniową badanych problemów poprzez wykazanie ich NP–zupełności dla możliwie wąskich klas grafów. W ten sposób określono zakres stosowalności modeli w przypadku dużych grafów, a dalsze badania skierowano w kierunku podejść aproksymacyjnych, które poszerzą zakres zastosowań dyskutowanych modeli w praktyce. Przebadano również własności teoretyczne modeli, takie jak oszacowania rozmiaru badanych struktur i związki między nimi. Zaproponowano także ogólną koncepcję stanowiącą wspólny trzon dla dyskutowanych modeli, otwierając tym samym kierunki badań w obrębie tego zagadnienia.

  • Modeling and optimization of chemical-treated torrefaction of wheat straw to improve energy density by response surface methodology
    • Samuel Latebo Majamo
    • Temesgen Amibo
    2023 Pełny tekst Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

    Today, torrefaction is important technique for extending the potential of biomass for improvement of energy density. The independent variables investigated for torrefaction study were temperature, retention time, acid concentration, and particle size. The experiment was designed by central composite design (CCD) method using design expert (version 11). The three dependent variables were higher heating value (HHV), energy enhancement factor (EEF), and mass yield (MY) were carried out. Numerical optimization using response surface method (RSM) to maximize the HHV and EEF with lowest MY was carried out. The maximum HHV of 25.05MJ/kg, lowest MY of 60.15%wt and highest EEF of 1.593 were obtained at 299.99°C, 31.89min of retention time, 0.75g/l of acid concentration and 0.20mm of particle size. Proximate analysis, bulk density, hydrophobicity, energy density, and ultimate analysis of raw and torrefed biomass were determined to analyze the physiochemical properties of the fuel. In addition, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray difractometer (XRD) were done to distinguish the behavior of raw and torrefed wheat straw. The results implied that energy density of torrefed biomass was well improved when compared with raw biomass. All in all, energy density of torrefed biomass was improved, which can be used as an alternative energy.

  • Modeling and simulation of blood flow under the influence of radioactive materials having slip with MHD and nonlinear mixed convection
    • Sidra Afzal
    • Mubashir Qayyum
    • Muhammad Riaz
    • Adam Wojciechowski
    2023 Pełny tekst Alexandria Engineering Journal

    Radioactive materials are widely in industry, nuclear plants and medical treatments. Scientists and workers in these fields are mostly exposed to such materials, and adverse effects on blood and temperature profiles are observed. In this regard, objective of the current study is to model and simulate blood based nanofluid with three very important radioactive materials, named as Uranium dioxide (UO2), Thorium dioxide (ThO2) and Radium (Rd). In this modeling blood based nanofluid is considered under the influence of magneto hydrodynamic effect, non-linear mixed convection and thermal radiation, Joule heating, along with velocity and temperature slip. A three-dimensional fluid model is considered in bounded domain to justify flow geometry in arteries. System of partial differential equations are converted to highly nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations by using suitable transformations. The obtained system is solved numerically using Fehlberg Runge–Kutta algorithm. Validity and convergence of the obtained solutions are confirmed through residual errors, numerical uncertainties and comparison with experimental data. Moreover, effect of pertinent fluid parameters on the velocity (radial, axial, tangential) and temperature profiles of blood flow are analyzed graphically. Furthermore, Skin friction and Nusselt number are also analyzed graphically against volume fraction of involved radioactive materials for the case of UO2;ThO2 and Rd comparatively. Analysis reveals that increase in volume fraction of radioactive elements results in increased blood flow through walls in both radial and tangential directions. In case of slip at fluid solid-interface, the highest skin fraction is observed in case of Radium nanoparticles.

  • Modeling of entrained flow steam gasification of sewage sludge
    • Jakub Mularski
    • Kamil Stasiak
    • Michał Ostrycharczyk
    • Michał Czerep
    • Mateusz Wnukowski
    • Krystian Krochmalny
    • Marcin Baranowski
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    • Mateusz Kowal
    • Łukasz Niedźwiecki
    • Halina Pawlak-kruczek
    • Dariusz Mikielewicz
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Proper management of sewage sludge becomes increasingly problematic due to legal requirements aiming at diminishing environmental impact, as well as rationalizing the utilization from the point of view of logistics. Steam gasification of sewage sludge can result in very good quality of the producer gas. So far, the works have been focused on the gasification in fixed bed gasifiers. However, this does not allow to take full advantage of the effect of scale, as the scalability of fixed ed gasifiers is limited. Entrained flow gasifiers are scalable up to the order of magnitude of hundreds of megawatts, which was proven for the gasification of coal. Therefore, it seems plausible to suspect that such scalability would allow building gasifiers big enough, to work as a part of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage plants, operating in an economically feasible manner, fully utilizing the effect of scale. However, the optimized design of such units would require robust modeling. This work focuses on different models for sewage sludge steam gasification, allowing accurate predictions of the producer’s gas quality. The core part of this work is a comparison between the results obtained using advanced CFD models in Fluent, as well as two different equilibrium models. Results from all the models are experimentally validated, by entrained flow steam gasification in a 3 m long reactor, with an addition of CO2.

  • Modeling of low calorific gas burning in a deficient oxygen environment and high-temperature oxidizer
    • Jan Stąsiek
    • Marcin Jewartowski
    • Jacek Barański
    • Jan Wajs
    2023 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSICS RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS

    The experimental research will be performed using the experimental facility with a combustion chamber. The oxygen concentration in combustion oxidizers will be varied from 21% by volume (normal) air to 2%. The test combustion chamber will be fed with propane or methane as the reference fuel, then with low calorific fuels as test gases obtained by mixing various combustible components, e.g. H2, CH4, CO, and neutral gases, e.g. N2, CO2. Gaseous fuels prepared in this way will be burned in the atmosphere of a deficient oxidizer with a temperature changing from 800 °C to 1100 °C. Oxidizers will be heated up to a certain temperature using two methods: by flue gas heat exchanger and kanthal rod electric preheater. Different burner geometry will be used. The burner will be equipped with annular swirl vanes for co-axial or under different angles, fuel, and oxidizers flow to have a high swirl number achieved by flow aerodynamics and mixing. Experimental data will be verified with numerical simulations with the use of ANSYS CFD Fluent code.

  • Modeling of Surface Roughness in Honing Processes by UsingFuzzy Artificial Neural Networks
    • Irene Buj - Corral
    • Piotr Sender
    • Carmelo J. Luis-Pérez Luis-Pérez
    2023 Pełny tekst Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing

    Honing processes are abrasive machining processes which are commonly employed to improve the surface of manufactured parts such as hydraulic or combustion engine cylinders. These processes can be employed to obtain a cross-hatched pattern on the internal surfaces of cylinders. In this present study, fuzzy artificial neural networks are employed for modeling surface roughness parameters obtained in finishing honing operations. As a general trend, main factors influencing roughness parameters are grain size and pressure. Mean spacing between profile peaks at the mean line parameter, on the contrary, depends mainly on tangential and linear velocity. Grain Size of 30 and pressure of 600 N/cm 2 lead to the highest values of core roughness (Rk) and reduced valley depth (Rvk), which were 1.741 µm and 0.884 µm, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum peak-to-valley roughness parameter (Rz) so obtained was 4.44 µm, which is close to the maximum value of 4.47 µm. On the other hand, values of the grain size equal to 14 and density equal to 20, along with pressure 600 N/cm 2 and both tangential and linear speed of 20 m/min and 40 m/min, respectively, lead to the minimum values of core roughness, reduced peak height (Rpk), reduced valley depth and maximum peak-to-valley height of the profile within a sampling length, which were, respectively, 0.141 µm, 0.065 µm, 0.142 µm, and 0.584 µm.

  • Modeling the application of steel slag in stabilizing expansive soil
    • Worku Firomsa Kabeta
    • Hinsene Lemma
    2023 Pełny tekst Modeling Earth Systems and Environment

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of steel slag as an additive to the engineering properties of weak clay soil. Different geotechnical laboratory tests were conducted on both stabilized and natural soils. Steel slag (SS) was added at a rate of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25% to the soil. Specific gravity, grain size analysis, Atterberg limit test, compaction test, free swell, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compression strength (UCS) are among the tests that were performed. The Atterberg limit test result shows that the liquid limit decreases from 90.8 to 65.2%, the plastic limit decreases from 60.3 to 42.5%, and the plasticity index decreases from 30.5 to 22.7% as the steel slag of 25% was added to the expansive soil. With 25% steel slag content, the specific gravity increases from 2.67 to 3.05. The free swell value decreased from 104.6 to 58.2%. In the Standard Proctor compaction test, the maximum dry density rises from 1.504 to 1.692 g/cm3, while optimum moisture content falls from 19.77 to 12.09%. From the UCS test, mixing 25% steel slag into the soil increases the unconfined compressive strength from 64.3 to 170.6 kPa. Additionally, the CBR value increases from 3.64 to 6.82% as 25% of steel slag is mixed with the soil. As a result, steel slag has been found to improve expansive soil properties for geotechnical applications.

  • Modeling the debonding process of osseointegrated implants due to coupled adhesion and friction
    • Katharina Immel
    • Vu-Hieu Nguyen
    • Guillaume Haiat
    • Roger Sauer
    2023 Pełny tekst Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology

    Cementless implants have become widely used for total hip replacement surgery. The long-term stability of these implants is achieved by bone growing around and into the rough surface of the implant, a process called osseointegration. However, debonding of the bone–implant interface can still occur due to aseptic implant loosening and insufficient osseointegration, which may have dramatic consequences. The aim of this work is to describe a new 3D finite element frictional contact formulation for the debonding of partially osseointegrated implants. The contact model is based on a modified Coulomb friction law by Immel et al. (2020), that takes into account the tangential debonding of the bone-implant interface. This model is extended in the direction normal to the bone-implant interface by considering a cohesive zone model, to account for adhesion phenomena in the normal direction and for adhesive friction of partially bonded interfaces. The model is applied to simulate the debonding of an acetabular cup implant. The influence of partial osseointegration and adhesive effects on the long-term stability of the implant is assessed. The influence of different patient- and implant-specific parameters such as the friction coefficient mu_b , the trabecular Young’s modulus E_b , and the interference fit IF is also analyzed, in order to determinethe optimal stability for different configurations. Furthermore, this work provides guidelines for future experimental and computational studies that are necessary for further parameter calibration.

  • Modeling the effect of electric vehicles on noise levels in the vicinity of rural road sections
    • Maciej Hałucha
    • Janusz Bohatkiewicz
    • Piotr Mioduszewski
    2023 Pełny tekst Archives of Civil Engineering

    Numerous European countries experience a steady increase in the share of electric (EV) and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles in the traffic stream. These vehicles, often referred to as low- or zero-emission vehicles, significantly reduce air pollution in the road environment. They also have a positive effect on noise levels in city centers and in the surroundings of low-speed roads. Nevertheless, issues related to modeling noise from electric and hybrid vehicles in the outdoor environment are still not fully explored, especially in the rural road settings. The article attempts to assess the degree of noise reduction around these roads based on different percentages of EVs in the traffic stream. Input data for noise modeling was obtained from 133 sections of homogeneous rural roads in Poland. Based on their analysis, it was first determined on how many of these road sections electric-vehicle-induced noise reduction would be possible, taking into account the traffic speeds occurring on them. Next, a computational algorithm that can be used to calculate noise reduction in the CNOSSOS-EU model is presented, and noise modeling is performed based on it for different percentages of electric vehicles in the traffic stream.

  • Modelling and optimisation of MXene-derived TiO2/Ti3C2 synthesis parameters using Response Surface Methodology based on the Box–Behnken factorial design. Enhanced carbamazepine degradation by the Cu-modified TiO2/Ti3C2 photocatalyst
    • Anna Grzegórska
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Anna Zielińska-Jurek
    2023 Pełny tekst PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

    In the present study, a hydrothermal method in a water/ethanol environment was used for the first time to obtain novel Cu/TiO2/Ti3C2 composites with high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) under simulated solar light. The Box–Behnken factorial design was coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for synthesis parameter optimisation. The effect of different synthesis parameters, including temperature, time and water/ethanol ratio, was for the first time studied in detail. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to verify the adequacy of the proposed model. The water/ethanol ratio was the most influential parameter for anatase crystallite growth and the efficiency of carbamazepine degradation. The TiO2/Ti3C2 sample prepared under the optimised conditions (synthesis time of 17 h, temperature of 220 ◦C, and water/ethanol ratio of 58:42 v/v) revealed almost 100% of CBZ degradation within 60 min. Furthermore, the surface modification of this sample with 0.25% - 1 wt% of copper resulted in improved photocatalytic activity. For TiO2/Ti3C2 modified with 0.5% of Cu, almost complete CBZ degradation was observed in 40 min of the photodegradation process. Finally, the combination of the photodegradation process with the activation of peroxymonosulphate (PMS) by Cu-TiO2/ Ti3C2 resulted in markedly improved carbamazepine degradation and reached 100% within 20 min under simulated solar light irradiation. The degradation mechanism of CBZ was proposed based on trapping experiments, which revealed that •O2 and •SO4 are the main oxidising species involved in carbamazepine degradation. Moreover, the hybrid system exhibited high recyclability and stability during subsequent photodegradation cycles.

  • Modelling hydraulic and capillary-driven two-phase fluid flow in unsaturated concretes at the meso-scale with a unique coupled DEM-CFD technique
    • Marek Krzaczek
    • Michał Nitka
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS IN GEOMECHANICS

    The goal of the research was to demonstrate the impact of thin porous interfacial transition zones (ITZs) between aggregates and cement matrix on fluid flow in unsaturated concrete caused by hydraulic/capillary pressure. To demonstrate this impact, a novel coupled approach to simulate the two-phase (water and moist air) flow of hydraulically and capillary-driven fluid in unsaturated concrete was developed. By merging the discrete element method (DEM) with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) under isothermal settings, the process was numerically studied at the meso-scale in two-dimensional conditions. A flow network was used to describe fluid behaviour in a continuous domain between particles. Small concrete specimens of a simplified particle mesostructure were subjected to fully coupled hydro-mechanical simulation tests. A simple uniaxial compression test was used to calibrate the pure DEM represented by bonded spheres, while a permeability and sorptivity test for an assembly of spheres was used to calibrate the pure CFD. For simplified specimens of the pure cement matrix, cement matrix with aggregate, and cement matrix with aggregate and ITZ of a given thickness, DEM/CFD simulations were performed sequentially. The numerical results of permeability and sorptivity were directly compared to the data found in the literature. A satisfactory agreement was achieved. Porous ITZs in concrete were found to reduce sorption by slowing the capillary-driven fluid flow, and to speed the full saturation of pores when sufficiently high hydraulic water pressures were dominant.

  • Modelling of Capillary Pressure-driven Water Flow in Unsaturated Concrete Using Coupled DEM/CFD Approach.
    • Marek Krzaczek
    • Michał Nitka
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2023

    Sformułowano nowatorskie, połączone podejście do modelowania dwufazowego przepływu wody napędzanego kapilarami w nienasyconym betonie. Dzięki połączeniu metody elementów dyskretnych (DEM) z obliczeniową dynamiką płynów (CFD) w warunkach izotermicznych proces został zbadany numerycznie w mezoskali w warunkach dwuwymiarowych. Niewielkie próbki betonu o uproszczonej mezostrukturze cząstek poddano w pełni sprzężonym hydromechanicznym testom symulacyjnym w warunkach izotermicznych. Do kalibracji czystego DEM reprezentowanego przez związane kulki zastosowano prosty jednoosiowy test ściskania, podczas gdy do kalibracji czystego CFD zastosowano testy przepuszczalności i sorpcji dla zespołu połączonych kulek. Dla uproszczonych próbek czystej zaprawy, zaprawy z kruszywem i zaprawy z kruszywem i przejściową strefą międzyfazową (ITZ) o pewnej szerokości wykonano sekwencyjnie symulacje DEM/CFD. Liczbowe wyniki przepuszczalności i sorpcyjności porównano z danymi literaturowymi. Podstawowym celem badań było wykazanie wpływu ITZ na przepływ płynu w betonie nienasyconym pod wpływem ciśnienia kapilarnego.

  • Modelling of Hydraulic Fracturing in Rocks in Non-isothermal Conditions Using Coupled DEM/CFD Approach with Two-Phase Fluid Flow Model
    • Marek Krzaczek
    • Michał Nitka
    • Andrzej Tejchman-Konarzewski
    2023

    Skała łupkowa jest materiałem silnie niejednorodnym, nieciągłym i porowatym. W warunkach nieizotermicznych ruch płynu w układzie porów i kapilar jest silnie sprzężony z przenoszeniem ciepła. Przebieg szczeliny hydraulicznej silnie zależy od stopnia nasycenia skały. Opracowano innowacyjny model termo-hydro-mechaniczny oparty na modelu DEM w celu szczegółowego śledzenia frakcji ciecz/gaz w porach i pęknięciach pod kątem ich różnej geometrii, rozmiaru, położenia i temperatury. Wygenerowano gruboziarnistą siatkę 2D, aby utworzyć sieć przepływu płynów i rozwiązać równanie zachowania energii. Wreszcie, znaczenie w pełni sprzężonego modelu termo-hydro-mechanicznego ilustruje symulacja wtryskiwania zimnego płynu podczas szczelinowania hydraulicznego w macierzy skalnej o różnym stopniu nasycenia wodą.

  • Modelling of laminated glass PVB walls of buildings exposed to vehicle impact with different speeds
    • Karol Grębowski
    • Monika Zielińska
    2023 Pełny tekst ENGINEERING STRUCTURES

    This paper presents an analytical model, developed for laminated glass subjected to a low-velocity impact. It has the ability to capture glass cracks as well as large non-linear deformations. It is based mathematically on the firstorder deformation concept, which considers the effect of membrane and transverse shear as well as bending. This theory uses damage mechanics to capture the glass cracking. For this purpose, several experiments have been carried out based on PVB laminated glass. The history of acceleration, transverse central displacement and velocity estimated over time is in a favourable relationship with the experimental information. In terms of laminated glass, non-dimensional coefficients have been suggested that regulate both the first peak contact force and the maximum transverse displacement. Laminated glass consists of several layers of soda-lime glass sheets bound together by intermediate layers of polyvinyl butyral (or PVB). Cracking of the glass layer is the main cause of laminated glass damage under both low and high-speed impacts. The main objective of the present article is to conduct experimental studies and numerical analyses of the glass ply cracking mechanism as part of the development of new strength parameters for PVB laminated glass. The non-linear characteristics of PVB are described using the Mooney-Rivlin constitutive model. The present article proves that it is possible to precisely model a wall made of VSG (Verbund Sicherheits Glas) laminated glass reinforced with a vinyl interlayer of appropriate thickness, and further, that such walls can constitute an element absorbing the impact energy of vehicles with specific parameters such as a passenger car, buses, and HGVs (Heavy Goods Vehicle). Based on the results of our study, new parameters were elaborated to determine the properties of PVB laminated glass exposed to vehicle impact. These new parameters were verified qualitatively by comparing the simulation results with experimental observations. We also assessed the strength of a wall of adequate thickness made of laminated glass at the ground floor level of a building exposed to a high-risk terrorist attack. The developed analytical model allows for a quick and reliable assessment during the initial design of safety glass, where a full-scale FE analysis is often too time-consuming.

  • MODELLING OF THE VISCOSITY EFFECT OF HEAVE PLATES FOR FLOATING WIND TURBINES BY HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS
    • Ewelina Ciba
    • Paweł Dymarski
    2023 Pełny tekst Acta Mechanica et Automatica

    One of the methods of modelling the movement of floating wind turbines is the use of the diffraction method. However, this method does not take into account the influence of viscosity; therefore, in many cases, it needs to be extended with a matrix of appropriate coefficients. The effect of viscosity causes both the added mass coefficient and the damping coefficient to increase. The determined coefficients were entered into the ANSYS AQWA program, and the calculation results of the transfer function determined with the use of linear and quadratic damping were presented. The results were compared with the results of the experiment, indicating greater convergence for the quadratic mode

  • MODELOWANIE NUMERYCZNE ISTNIEJĄCYCH KONSTRUKCJI ŻELBETOWYCH
    • Andrzej Ambroziak
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Wykonywanie obliczeń wymaga zapoznania się nie tylko z rodzajem konstrukcji, typem elementu skończonego i liczbą stopni swobody w węźle lecz także z konwencją znakową obowiązująca w danym programie obliczeniowym. Znajomość teorii i rozwiązań analitycznych jest niezbędna do tworzenia modeli w MES i przy wykonywaniu obliczeń. Duży wpływ na poprawność analizy numerycznej oraz uzyskane wyniki symulacji mają takie parametry jak gęstość siatki elementów skończonych, sformułowanie elementu skończonego czy schemat całkowania równania ruchu.

  • Modelowanie systemów energetycznych wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła do celów planowania rozwoju - wybrane zagadnienia
    • Marcin Jaskólski
    2023

    Systemy energetyczne wymagają przemian technologicznych w kierunku neutralności klimatycznej. W Polsce, w której systemie elektroenergetycznym i systemach ciepłowniczych dominują przestarzałe elektrownie i ciepłownie węglowe, dążenie do minimalizacji wpływu na środowisko wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami. Dlatego należy szukać optymalnych ścieżek roz-woju energetyki, aby osiągnąć ambitne długoterminowe cele strategiczne, przy minimalizacji negatywnego wpływu na budżet domowy odbiorców. W monografii przedstawiono zarys ogólny polityki energetycznej Unii Europejskiej i Polski, a także scharakteryzowano procesy modelowania systemów energetycznych i omówiono wybrane narzędzia wspomagające. Obok opracowania kompendium wiedzy z zakresu modelowania dla celów planowania rozwoju, istotnym wkładem autora w rozwój dyscypliny jest propozycja oryginalnej metodyki modelo-wania rozwoju struktury wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła, zaimplementowanej w ist-niejącym już narzędziu planistycznym MARKAL. Przedstawiono wykorzystane w modelu zestawy danych. Do analiz wybrano dwa warianty prognozy zapotrzebowania na energię elek-tryczną i ciepło. Model opracowano w dwóch scenariuszach – bazowym i dekarbonizacji. Ten drugi jest rozwinięciem pierwszego, mającym na celu wskazanie ścieżki uniezależnienia się od paliw kopalnych w horyzoncie długoterminowym. Obliczenia potwierdzają istotną rolę ener-getyki jądrowej, wiatrowej i słonecznej w dążeniu do neutralności klimatycznej w zakresie wytwarzania energii elektrycznej i ciepła sieciowego. W scenariuszu bazowym z kolei model proponuje pozostanie przy technologiach węglowych stosujących układy wychwytu i składo-wania CO2. Zaproponowane ścieżki rozwoju gwarantują znaczącą redukcję emisji gazów cie-plarnianych i emisji przemysłowych. Jednakże całkowita neutralność klimatyczna, przy znajo-mości obecnego stopnia rozwoju technologicznego, jest obarczona wysokimi nakładami inwe-stycyjnymi i kosztami, których wielkości określono.

  • Modern era fortifications as public places = Fortyfikacje nowożytne jako miejskie przestrzenie publiczne
    • Grzegorz Bukal
    2023 Pełny tekst Ochrona Dziedzictwa Kulturowego

    Fortyfikacje nowożytne tworzyły systemy budowli ziemnych oraz szerokich fos. Ich powierzchnia przekraczała często powierzchnię otoczonego nimi miasta. Utrata znaczenia obronnego oraz tendencje do wzrostu terytorialnego miast spowodowały konieczność zmiany funkcji fortyfikacji. W XIX i XX wieku były one rozbierane, a ich tereny zabudowywane lub przekształcane w przestrzeń publiczną. Zagospodarowanie i konserwacja tych obiektów są jednak problematyczne, zarówno ze względu na ich charakterystykę techniczną, jak i związane z ich przekształceniem konflikty interesów ekonomicznych, prawno-administracyjnych, urbanistycznych, krajobrazowych i ekologicznych.

  • Modifications to the anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) for enhanced understanding and application of the anaerobic treatment processes – A comprehensive review
    • Rongrong Mo
    • Wenjie Guo
    • Damien Batstone
    • Jacek Mąkinia
    • Yongmei Li
    2023 WATER RESEARCH

    Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising method for the recovery of resources and energy from organic wastes. Correspondingly, AD modelling has also been developed in recent years. The International Water Association (IWA) Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is currently the most commonly used structured AD model. However, as substrates become more complex and our understanding of the AD mechanism grows, both systematic and specific modifications have been applied to the ADM1. Modified models have provided a diverse range of application besides AD processes, such as fermentation and biogas upgrading processes. This paper reviews research on the modification of the ADM1, with a particular focus on processes, kinetics, stoichiometry and parameters, which are the major elements of the model. The paper begins with a brief introduction to the ADM1, followed by a summary of modifications, including extensions to the model structure, modifications to kinetics (including inhibition functions) and stoichiometry, as well as simplifications to the model. The paper also covers kinetic parameter estimation and validation of the model, as well as practical applications of the model to a variety of scenarios. The review highlights the need for improvements in simulating AD and biogas upgrading processes, as well as the lack of full-scale applications to other substrates besides sludge (such as food waste and agricultural waste). Future research directions are suggested for model development based on detailed understanding of the anaerobic treatment mechanisms, and the need to recover of valuable products.

  • Modified Peptide Molecules As Potential Modulators of Shelterin Protein Functions; TRF1
    • Wioletta Brankiewicz
    • Umesh Kalathiya
    • Monikaben Padariya
    • Katarzyna Wegrzyn
    • Maciej Prusinowski
    • Joanna Żebrowska
    • Agnieszka Zylicz-Stachula
    • Piotr Skowron
    • Marek Drab
    • Mariusz Szajewski
    • Maciej Ciesielski
    • Małgorzata Gawrońska
    • Anoop Kallingal
    • Mariusz Makowski
    • Maciej Bagiński
    2023 Pełny tekst CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL

    In this work, we present studies on relatively new and still not well-explored potential anticancer targets which are shelterin proteins, in particular the TRF1 protein can be blocked by in silico designed "peptidomimetic" molecules. TRF1 interacts directly with the TIN2 protein, and this protein-protein interaction is crucial for the proper functioning of telomere, which could be blocked by our novel modified peptide molecules. Our chemotherapeutic approach is based on assumption that modulation of TRF1-TIN2 interaction may be more harmful for cancer cells as cancer telomeres are more fragile than in normal cells. We have shown in vitro within SPR experiments that our modified peptide PEP1 molecule interacts with TRF1, presumably at the site originally occupied by the TIN2 protein. Disturbance of the shelterin complex by studied molecule may not in short term lead to cytotoxic effects, however blocking TRF1-TIN2 resulted in cellular senescence in cellular breast cancer lines used as a cancer model. Thus, our compounds appeared useful as starting model compounds for precise blockage of TRF proteins.

  • MOF/TiO2 erythrocyte-like heterostructures decorated by noble metals for use in hydrogen photogeneration and pollutant photodegradation
    • Mateusz Baluk
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Aleksandra Pieczyńska
    • Kostiantyn Nikiforow
    • Grzegorz Trykowski
    • Tomasz Klimczuk
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Mateusz Adam Baluk
    2023 Catalysis Science & Technology

    Various metal–organic framework (MOF)/TiO2 heterostructures can be obtained by the partial hydrolysis or calcination of Ti-based MOFs. By adjusting the hydrolysis and calcination steps of NH2-MIL-125 (Ti), a novel photoactive material composed of a MOF (NH2-MIL-125 (Ti)) and TiO2, with a unique “erythrocyte” shape, was developed. Furthermore, modification of the composition prepared by the partial hydrolysis of NH2- MIL-125 (Ti) (h-MOF) using Au, Ag, Pt, or Pd metal nanoparticles resulted in a significant increase in the efficiency of hydrogen photogeneration. Higher photocatalytic properties are associated with the excitation of MOFs and TiO2, electron transfer, and electron accumulation on nanoparticles. Using the optimal hMOF/Au photocatalyst, 117 μmol g−1 h−1 of hydrogen was produced. On the other hand, composites (chMOFs) obtained by calcination of h-MOFs after modification with Au showed high efficiency in the photodegradation of phenol under the threshold of visible radiation (over 42 μmol dm−3 h−1 ). These properties are related to the generation of electrons by Au nanoparticles because of the corresponding localized surface plasmon resonance. This results in the formation of reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl and superoxide radicals) that decompose organic pollutants. Overall, the obtained materials have high porosity and photocatalytic stability, which are important for photocatalytic processes.

  • Molecular mechanism and energetics of coupling between substrate binding and product release in the F 1 -ATPase catalytic cycle
    • Michał Badocha
    • Miłosz Wieczór
    • Antoni Marciniak
    • Cyprian Kleist
    • Helmut Grubmüller
    • Jacek Czub
    2023 Pełny tekst PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

    F1-ATPase is a motor protein that couples the rotation of its rotary γ subunit with ATP synthesis or hydrolysis. Single-molecule experiments indicate that nucleotide binding and release events occur almost simultaneously during the synthesis cycle, allowing the energy gain due to spontaneous binding of ADP to one catalytic β subunit to be directly harnessed for driving the release of ATP from another rather than being dissipated as heat. Here, we examine the unknown mechanism of this coupling that is critical for an exceptionally high mechanochemical efficiency of F1-ATPase by means of all-atom free-energy simulations. We find that nondissipative and kinetically fast progression of the motor in the synthesis direction requires a concerted conformational change involving the closure of the ADP-binding β subunit followed by the gradual opening of the ATP-releasing β subunit over the course of the 30 to 40° rotary substep of the γ subunit. This rotary substep, preceding the ATP-dependent metastable state, allows for the recovery of a large portion of the ADP binding energy in the conformation of ATP-bound β that gradually adopts the low-affinity conformation, captured also by the recent cryo-EM structure of this elusive state. The release of ATP from this nearly open conformation leads to its further opening, which enables the progression of the motor to the next catalytic metastable state. Our simulations explain this energy conversion mechanism in terms of intersubunit and ligand–protein interactions.

  • Monitoring of a historic sacral building on an example Basilica St. Nicholas in Gdańsk
    • Tomasz Majewski
    • Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
    2023 Pełny tekst Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych

    he paper describes the case of monitoring the technical condition of a historic sacral building after a failure and during renovation works. In order to monitor the condition of the building, safely conduct diagnostic work, identify the causes of failures andsafely carry out renovation works, a detailed Facility Monitoring Program has been developed, which has been implemented, is operational and is a source of valuable data used to assess the current condition of the facility.

  • Monitorowanie oddziaływania ruchu kolejowego na środowisko - koncepcje i metody realizacji.
    • Piotr Chrostowski
    • Andrzej Wilk
    • Krzysztof Karwowski
    • Sławomir Grulkowski
    • Roksana Licow
    • Wojciech Rafajłowicz
    • Adam Ratajczak
    • Radosław Idzikowski
    • Marek Szafrański
    • Tadeusz Widerski
    • Karol Daliga
    • Jacek Skibicki
    • Leszek Jarzębowicz
    • Michał Michna
    • Sławomir Judek
    • Paweł Bawolski
    • Roman Grot
    • Julia Omilianowicz
    2023

    W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe założenia projektu badawczego, realizowanego w ramach Wspólnego Przedsięwzięcia NCBR i PKP PLK pn. „Badania i Rozwój w Infrastrukturze Kolejowej – BRIK 2”, dotyczącego opracowania systemu monitorującego, integrującego i przetwarzającego gromadzone dane związane z hałasem i drganiami na potrzeby zarządzania procesami utrzymaniowymi i inwestycyjnymi zarządcy infrastruktury kolejowej. W efekcie końcowym powstanie prototyp przenośnego, elastycznego funkcjonalnie systemu pomiarowego, złożonego z zestawu odpowiednich sensorów rozlokowanych w przestrzeni obejmującej wyselekcjonowany obszar wzdłuż linii kolejowej. W rezultacie powstanie kompleksowe narzędzie do pomiaru, analizy i automatycznego wsparcia procesów decyzyjnych.

  • Monolithic capsule phase microextraction prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in environmental water samples
    • Antonio Ferracane
    • Natalia Manousi
    • Abuzar Kabir
    • Kenneth G. Furton
    • Peter Q. Tranchida
    • George A. Zachariadis
    • Justyna Płotka-Wasylka
    • Luigi Mondello
    • Victoria F. Samanidou
    • Erwin Rosenberg
    2023 MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL

    In this study, a capsule phase microextraction (CPME) protocol followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is proposed for the accurate and sensitive monitoring of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in environmental water samples. Different monolithic sol–gel encapsulated sorbents were compared and monolithic sol–gel poly(ethylene glycol)-based sorbent incorporated into porous microextraction capsules resulted in the highest extraction efficiency. Following the selection of the microextraction device, the CPME conditions were optimized, while linearity, limits detection (LODs), limits of quantification (LOQs), accuracy, and precision were the figures-of-merit measured. Under optimum conditions the LODs for the OCPs ranged between 0.01 ng mL−1 and 0.03 ng mL−1. The relative standard deviations were better than 5.3 % and 9.2 % for intra-day and inter-day study, respectively. The relative recoveries ranged between 90.5 and 105.2 % (intra-day) and 93.0–105.0 % (inter-day), demonstrating good method trueness. Finally, the proposed protocol was implemented for the monitoring of OCPs in tap, river, pond, and lake water. The developed method presents better analytical features than existing methods.

  • Monte Carlo simulations of the fracture resistance degradation of asphalt concrete subjected to environmental factors
    • Cezary Szydłowski
    • Łukasz Smakosz
    • Marcin Stienss
    • Jarosław Górski
    2023 Pełny tekst Archives of Civil Engineering

    The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of SCB (semi-circular beam) samples of asphalt concrete, subjected to the destructive effect of water and frost as well as the aging processes. The determined values of material parameters show significant dispersions, which makes the design of mixtures difficult. Statistical analysis of the test results supplemented by computer simulations made with the use of the proprietary FEM model was carried out. The main distinguishing feature of the model is the assignment of material parameters of coarse aggregate and bituminous mortar to randomly selected finite elements. The parameters of the mortar are selected by trial and error to match the numerical results to the experimental ones. The stiffness modulus of the bituminous mortar is, therefore, a substitute parameter, taking into account the influence of many factors, including material degradation resulting from the aging and changing environmental conditions, the influence of voids, and contact between the aggregate and the bituminous mortar. The use of the Monte Carlo method allows to reflect the scattering of the results obtained based on laboratory tests. The computational algorithm created in the ABAQUS was limited only to the analysis of the global mechanical bending response of the SCB sample, without mapping the failure process in detail. The combination of the results of laboratory tests usually carried out on a limited number of samples and numerical simulations provide a sufficiently large population of data to carry out a reliable statistical analysis, and to estimate the reliability of the material designed.

  • Morphology control through the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks
    • Justyna Łuczak
    • Malwina Kroczewska
    • Mateusz Baluk
    • Jakub Sowik
    • Paweł Mazierski
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Mateusz Adam Baluk
    2023 Pełny tekst ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE

    Designable morphology and predictable properties are the most challenging goals in material engineering. Features such as shape, size, porosity, agglomeration ratio significantly affect the final properties of metal- organic frameworks (MOFs) and can be regulated throughout synthesis parameters but require a deep under- standing of the mechanisms of MOFs formation. Herein, we systematically summarize the effects of the indi- vidual synthesis factors, such as pH of reaction mixture, including acidic or basic character of modulators, temperature, solvents types, surfactants type and content and ionic liquids on the morphology of growing MOFs. We identified main mechanisms of MOFs’ growth leading to different morphology of final particles and next systematically discuss the effect of miscellaneous parameters on MOFs morphology based on the main mecha- nisms related to the nucleation, growth and formation of final MOFs structure, including coordination modu- lation, protonation/deprotonation acting and modulation by surfactants or capping agents. The effect of microwaves and ultrasound employment during synthesis is also considered due to their affecting especially nucleation and particles growing steps during MOFs formation

  • MoS2-containing composite membranes for separation of environmental energy-relevant liquid and gas mixtures: A comprehensive review
    • Farooque Janjhi
    • Imamdin Chandio
    • Dahar Janwery
    • Ayaz Ali Memon
    • Khalid Hussain Thebo
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Vahid Vatanpour
    • Roberto Castro Munoz
    2023 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN

    Molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) materials adapted into membranes have demonstrated potential for different areas dealing with molecular separations. For instance, MoS2-based membranes have been proposed for distinct environmental applications, such as water treatment, seawater desalination, gas separation, and solvent separation. Emergently, such membranes have been ultimately investigated for energy-relevant gas separation mixtures, such as CO2 separation, H2 purification, and bioethanol upgrading, among others. Therefore, this review elucidates the latest research (over the last three years) on MoS2-based membranes facing previous approaches. Firstly, a brief introduction to the physiochemical properties of MoS2-based materials. Secondly, a particular emphasis has been devoted to fabrication procedures and their effects on molecular separation in membrane processes, highlighting the most relevant outcomes and the transport mechanism reported by the research community in water treatment and purification, gas separation, and pervaporation. Finally, an analysis is conducted on the separation and stability mechanisms associated with membranes consisting of layer-stacked MoS2. This research endeavor progressions in MoS2-based membranes, consequently fostering the advancement of further membranes derived from two-dimensional materials. These membranes exhibit potential for improving efficiency and mitigating the energy consumption linked to water treatment and purification processes.

  • Most Kolejowy im. Ernesta Malinowskiego przez rzekę Wisłę w Toruniu. Eksperymentalna identyfikacja współczynnika dynamicznego elementów pomostu.
    • Krzysztof Żółtowski
    • Przemysław Kalitowski
    • Mikołaj Binczyk
    2023

    W artykule omówiono problematykę obliczania współczynnika dynamicznego poprzecznicy końcowej klasycznego mostu kratowego z jezdnią otwartą. Zwrócono uwagę na możliwość obliczenia współczynnika dynamicznego w zależności od źródła naprężeń. Przykład obliczeniowy wykazał 30% redukcję wartości naprężeń od ruchomych obciążeń w SGN przy nierównomiernym współczynniku dynamicznym. Obliczenia numeryczne i badania terenowe przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem czujników tensometrycznych. Walidację numerycznego modelu MES przeprowadzono poprzez porównanie obliczeń dynamicznych dla pociągu testowego z wynikami pomiarów. W badaniach terenowych rozpatrywanego mostu uzyskano znacznie niższe wartości współczynników przewyższenia dynamicznego niż te, które podyktował normowy współczynnik dynamiczny. Przeprowadzono również obliczenia numeryczne przy użyciu pociągów HSLM i Real Trains w celu zidentyfikowania współczynnika wzmocnienia dynamicznego.

  • Motion Trajectory Prediction in Warehouse Management Systems: A Systematic Literature Review
    • Jakub Belter
    • Marek Hering
    • Paweł Weichbroth
    2023 Pełny tekst Applied Sciences-Basel

    Background: In the context of Warehouse Management Systems, knowledge related to motion trajectory prediction methods utilizing machine learning techniques seems to be scattered and fragmented. Objective: This study seeks to fill this research gap by using a systematic literature review approach. Methods: Based on the data collected from Google Scholar, a systematic literature review was performed, covering the period from 2016 to 2023. The review was driven by a protocol that comprehends inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify relevant papers. Results: Considering the Warehouse Management Systems, five categories of motion trajectory prediction methods have been identified: Deep Learning methods, probabilistic methods, methods for solving the Travelling-Salesman problem (TSP), algorithmic methods, and others. Specifically, the performed analysis also provides the research community with an overview of the state-of-the-art methods, which can further stimulate researchers and practitioners to enhance existing and develop new ones in this field.

  • Możliwości integracji projektów sztuki nowych mediów w procesy odnowy przestrzeni miejskiej
    • Katarzyna Szakajło
    2023 Pełny tekst

    Zadaniem badawczym podjętym w rozprawie było wykazanie możliwość integracji projektów sztuki nowych mediów w procesy odnowy przestrzeni miejskiej. Wyodrębniono cztery etapy procesów odnowy miast: diagnozę, planowanie, realizację oraz ewaluację. Wskazano, że na etapie diagnozy sztuka nowych mediów może między innymi wspierać proces zbierania i wizualizacji danych, informować mieszkańców o stanie środowiska miejskiego. Na etapie planowania sztuka nowych mediów może pomóc włączać mieszkańców w procesy partycypacyjne, wzmacniać identyfikację z przestrzenią oraz służyć jako projekty pilotażowe. Na etapie realizacji obiekty sztuki nowych mediów okazują się być pomocniczym narzędziem w aktywizacji mieszkańców czy tworzeniu nowych połączeń pomiędzy rozdzielonymi fragmentami miasta. Na etapie ewaluacji wspierają monitoring wpływu podjętych działań na funkcjonowanie przestrzeni i jej odbiór. W pracy wykazano, że dla każdego etapu procesu odnowy dopasować można szczególnie efektywnie wspierający go rodzaj sztuki nowych mediów. Określono trzy parametry: tryb interakcji użytkownika z obiektem sztuki, poziom zaangażowania użytkownika oraz rodzaj interfejsu pośredniczącego w interakcji użytkownika z obiektem sztuki nowych mediów. Parametry te szczegółowo określają zależność pomiędzy oczekiwanym efektem oddziaływania sztuki nowych mediów a rodzajem obiektu, który służy osiągnięciu tego efektu.

  • Multi-Channel Virtual Instrument for Measuring Temperature—A Case Study
    • Romuald Maśnicki
    • Dariusz Świsulski
    2023 Pełny tekst Electronics

    The article presents the hardware and software configuration of the developed multi-channel temperature measurement system as well as calibration procedures and measurement results verifying the properties of measurement channels. The system has been developed and dedicated primarily for measuring the temperature distribution in a laboratory model simulating underground power lines. With the adopted configuration of the analog part of each measurement channel, the main functions in the system developed as a virtual instrument are performed in its software. The instrument input circuits contain NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistors used as temperature sensors. The resistance of each of the thermistors connected in the voltage divider circuits is converted into a voltage. The obtained voltages in the measurement channels, after analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), are processed in subsequent operations in the instrument’s software. In addition to the basic function of the device, which is the multi-channel temperature measurement, the operations of identifying the characteristics of the thermistors used and calibrating each of the individual measurement channels are performed. The article contains sample results of the calibration of measurement channels and temperature verification measurements used to evaluate the properties of the developed system. The obtained inaccuracy of the temperature measurement in each of the channels is less than 0.4 °C.

  • Multifunctional Bandpass Filter/Displacement Sensor Component
    • Zahra Shaterian
    • Michał Mrozowski
    2023 Pełny tekst IEEE Access

    This paper presents the design and realization of a multifunctional bandpassfilter/displacement-sensor using an edge-coupled microstrip bandpass filter loaded by a pair of split ring resonators (SRRs). It is shown that while the structure acts as a bandpass filter at its operating frequency, the phase of the reflection coefficient from a movable loading resonator at the resonance frequency of the resonator can be used for displacement sensing. With this aim, and to avoid any interference with the filter functionality, the resonance frequency of the SRRs is chosen within the stopband of the bandpass filter, where all the input signal is reflected back to the input port. Therefore, moving the loading resonators does not have any adverse effect on the filtering performance. To validate the concept, a fifth-order Chebyshev bandpass filter with a feed line loaded with a pair of SRRs is designed and the numerical evaluation of the proposed multifunctional bandpass-filter/displacement-sensor is provided. The proposed multifunctional component is also validated through fabrication and measurement. It is shown that the proposed component has a sensitivity of 8◦ /mm at the designed frequency of SRRs. However, the sensitivity can be increased by scaling the SRRs to resonate at a higher frequency within the upper stopband of the filter.

  • Multifunctional catalyst-assisted sustainable reformation of lignocellulosic biomass into environmentally friendly biofuel and value-added chemicals
    • Muhammad Naeem
    • Muhammad Imran
    • Shoomaila Latif
    • Adnan Ashraf
    • Nazim Hussain
    • Grzegorz Boczkaj
    • Wojciech Smułek
    • Teofil Jesionowski
    • Muhammad Bilal
    2023 CHEMOSPHERE

    Rapid urbanization is increasing the world's energy demand, making it necessary to develop alternative energy sources. These growing energy needs can be met by the efficient energy conversion of biomass, which can be done by various means. The use of effective catalysts to transform different types of biomasses will be a paradigm change on the road to the worldwide goal of economic sustainability and environmental protection. The development of alternative energy from biomass is not easy, due to the uneven and complex components present in lignocellulose; accordingly, the majority of biomass is currently processed as waste. The problems may be overcome by the design of multifunctional catalysts, offering adequate control over product selectivity and substrate activation. Hence, this review describes recent developments involving various catalysts such as metallic oxides, supported metal or composite metal oxides, char-based and carbon-based substances, metal carbides and zeolites, with reference to the catalytic conversion of biomass including cellulose, hemicellulose, biomass tar, lignin and their derivative compounds into useful products, including bio-oil, gases, hydrocarbons, and fuels. The main aim is to provide an overview of the latest work on the use of catalysts for successful conversion of biomass. The review ends with conclusions and suggestions for future research, which will assist researchers in utilizing these catalysts for the safe conversion of biomass into valuable chemicals and other products.

  • Multi-functional monodispersed SiO2-TiO2 core-shell nanostructure and TEOS in the consolidation of archaeological lime mortars surfaces
    • Abdelrhman Fahmy
    • Anna Gołąbiewska
    • Wiktoria Wojnicz
    • Alicja Stanisławska
    • Jakub Kowalski
    • Justyna Łuczak
    • Adriana Zaleska-Medynska
    • Salvador Bella Domínguez-
    • Javier Martínez-lópez
    • Eduardo Molina-piernas
    2023 Journal of Building Engineering

    Archaeological traditional lime mortars are susceptible to many environmental conditions such as the impact of water (rain, humidity, groundwater, etc.), variation of temperatures' degrees, wind and/or pollution. Accordingly, this research aims to provide newly assessed multifunctional Nano-coating for the purpose of archaeological lime mortar protection. For this, the study combined physicochemical and mechanical characterizations in performance assessment of 3%, 5%, and 7% of the synthesized SiO2–TiO2 core-shell nanostructure and TEOS as consolidants on the surfaces of the experimental lime mortars. A series of techniques and tests were fulfilled for the evaluation. For analysis, X-ray diffraction and UV–Vis along with scanning electron microscopy were used to identify microstructure. Furthermore, wettability, colorimetric, self-cleaning, petrophysical, Nano-indentation, and uniaxial compressive strength tests were performed to select the most durable consolidant between 3%, 5%, and 7% SiO2–TiO2/TEOS. Durability assessments were carried out through salt weathering, thermal and UV aging tests. The results showed that 3% and 5% of SiO2–TiO2/TEOS enhanced the physical and mechanical properties of the lime mortars. On the other hand, 7% SiO2–TiO2/TEOS proved their insufficient efficacy in improving the surfaces of lime mortars for the high amount of TiO2 and its behavior for aggregation.

  • Multimedia industrial and medical applications supported by machine learning
    • Andrzej Czyżewski
    2023

    This article outlines a keynote paper presented at the Intelligent DecisionTechnologies conference providing a part of the KES Multi-theme Conference “Smart Digital Futures” organized in Rome on June 14–16, 2023. It briefly discusses projects related to traffic control using developed intelligent traffic signs and diagnosing the health of wind turbine mechanisms and multimodal biometric authentication for banking branches to provide selected examples of industrial applications of intelligent decision technologies. In addition, the developed medical applications for communicating with the surroundings by unconscious people, advanced analyzing disordered speech, and an advanced noncontact respiratory-circulatory radar are presented, using intelligent data analysis and machine learning.

  • Multi-objective optimization of the ORC axial turbine for a waste heat recovery system working in two modes: cogeneration and condensation
    • Łukasz Witanowski
    • Piotr Klonowicz
    • Piotr Lampart
    • Paweł Ziółkowski
    2023 ENERGY

    Due to the demand of the district heating network and electric power grid ORC turbines can operate in the condensation and cogeneration modes. This approach requires the design of an expander which is characterized by high efficiency in each mode of operation. The paper is devoted to a multi-objective efficiency optimization of a one stage axial ORC turbine working on MM (Hexamethyldisiloxane). An Implicit Filtering algorithm (IF) is used to find a flowpath with maximum efficiency. During the optimization the rotor profiles (at the hub and shroud) and the shape of endwall contours of the rotor domain are changed. Five optimization tasks are carried out with different weights of the efficiency of both modes of operation. Pareto fronts are obtained and a decision- making method is used to select an optimum solution. The optimization of the rotor row allows for significant efficiency improvements in two regimes of operation, with respect to a baseline geometric configuration designed with the help of classical methods

  • Multi-objective optimization of tool wear, surface roughness, and material removal rate in finishing honing processes using adaptive neural fuzzy inference systems
    • Irene Buj - Corral
    • Piotr Sender
    • Carmelo J. Luis-Pérez
    2023 Pełny tekst TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL

    Honing processes are usually employed to manufacture combustion engine cylinders and hydraulic cylinders. A crosshatch pattern is obtained that favors the oil flow. In this paper, Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models were obtained for tool wear, average roughness Ra, cylindricity and material removal rate in finish honing processes. In addition, multi-objective optimization with the desirability function method was applied, in order to determine the process parameters that allow minimizing roughness, cylindricity error and tool wear, while maximizing material removal rate. The results showed that grain size and tangential velocity should be at their minimum levels, while density, pressure and linear velocity should be at their maximum levels. If only roughness, cylindricity error and tool wear are considered, then low grain size, low pressure and low linear velocity are recommended, while density and tangential velocity vary, depending on the optimization algorithm employed. This work will help to select appropriate process parameters in finishing honing processes, when roughness, cylindricity error and tool wear are to be minimized.

  • Multiple Reprocessing of Conductive PLA 3D-Printing Filament: Rheology, Morphology, Thermal and Electrochemical Properties Assessment
    • Mateusz Cieślik
    • Agata Rodak
    • Agnieszka Susik
    • Natalia Wójcik
    • Michał Szociński
    • Jacek Ryl
    • Krzysztof Formela
    2023 Pełny tekst Materials

    Additive manufacturing technologies are gaining more and more attention, resulting in the development or modification of 3D printing techniques and dedicated materials. On the other hand, economic and ecological aspects force the industry to develop material recycling strategies. In this work, the multiple reprocessing of a commercially available PLA conductive composite with carbon black filler, dedicated to 3D printing, was investigated. The effects of extrusion temperature (190 °C and 200 °C) and reprocessing steps (1–5 steps) on the rheology, morphology, thermal and electrochemical properties of the conductive PLA 3D-printing filament were evaluated. The results showed deterioration of the thermal stability and material strength, as well as the influence of reprocessing on the melting point, which increases after initial melting. The electronic conduction mechanism of the composite depends on the percolation paths and it is also affected by the multiple processing. The reversibility of the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− redox process diminishes with a higher degradation level of the conductive PLA. Importantly, the material fluidity was too high after the multiple reprocessing, which should be considered and suitably corrected during CB–PLA application as a 3D-printed electrode material.

  • Multi-response optimization on the effect of wet and eco-friendly cryogenic turning of D2 steel using Taguchi-based grey relational analysis
    • Sisay Workineh Agebo
    • Mahaboob Patel
    • Mariusz Deja
    2023 Pełny tekst INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY

    Material removal processes, including turning and milling, are still commonly used operations for manufacturing most of mechanical components in modern industry. Apart from the cutting parameters, the cooling method has the great impact on the technological efects and, above all, on the environmental friendliness of production. In this study, multi-response optimization on the efect of wet and cryogenic machining is performed during the turning of AISI D2 steel samples. Spindle speeds, feed rates, depths of cut, and cutting fluid types varied in a Taguchi mixed design L16 orthogonal array. Statistics, such as an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a regression model, were applied to the obtained data on the metal removal rate and surface roughness. By employing a grey relational analysis, the best cutting factors for a set of several responses were determined. Among the many factors influencing the rate at which material is removed, analysis of variance revealed that the feed rate was the most influential factor (46.67%), followed by spindle speed (46.65%). Analysis of the factors influencing surface roughness pointed to the feed, cutting condition, and spindle speed as the most essential at 56.66%, 26.04%, and 11.7%, respectively. ANOVA of grey relational analysis shows that speed followed by cutting conditions is the most predominant factor, with a percentage contribution of 71.9% and 14.14%, respectively. From grey relational analysis, a level setting of 4-4-1-2 was identified as the best possible combination of multi-response process parameters. A close agreement is observed between the predicted value of GRG 0.7927 and the experimental validation value of GRG 0.8031. Moreover, the validation test reveals that the percentage errors in estimating material removal rate, surface roughness, and GRG, respectively, are 4.33%, 9.09%, and 1.29%, from predicted values. A study on metallographic observations revealed that parts after wet machining have more tool marks on the treated surface than parts after cryogenic machining.

  • Multiscale model for blood flow after a bileaflet artificial aortic valve implantation
    • Marcin Nowak
    • Eduardo Divo
    • Wojciech P. Adamczyk
    2023 COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

    Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the world, mainly due to atherosclerosis and its consequences. The article presents the numerical model of the blood flow through artificial aortic valve. The overset mesh approach was applied to simulate the valve leaflets motion and to realize the moving mesh, in the aortic arch and the main branches of cardiovascular system. To capture the cardiac system’s response and the effect of vessel compliance on the outlet pressure, the lumped parameter model has been also included within the solution procedure. Three different turbulence modeling approaches were used and compared — the laminar, k- and k- model. The simulation results were also compared with the model excluding the moving valve geometry and the importance of the lumped parameter model for the outlet boundary condition was analyzed. Proposed numerical model and protocol was found as suitable for performing the virtual operations on the real patient vasculature geometry. The time-efficient turbulence model and overall solving procedure allows to support the clinicians in making decisions about the patient treatment and to predict the results of the future surgery.

  • Multisine impedimetric monitoring with an in-depth distribution of relaxation times analysis of WE43 and AZ31 magnesium alloys corrosion
    • Maria Osipenko
    • Jakub Karczewski
    • Michał Dominów
    • Marta Prześniak-Welenc
    • Iryna Makarava
    • Irina Kurilo
    • Dmitry Kharitonov
    • Jacek Ryl
    2023 Pełny tekst MEASUREMENT

    This research aims to develop and utilize an impedance-based tool for monitoring non-stationary electrochemical processes, coupling the multisinusoidal perturbation signal approach and distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis for the first time. The approach was used to distinguish independent processes occurring at the surface of AZ31 and WE43 Mg alloys undergoing corrosion in Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution at 37 °C. We highlighted two common processes related to corrosion product layer formation. Detailed DEIS-DRT analysis was capable of real-time identification of a unique third process for the WE43 alloy, resulting from a spatially localized filiform corrosion attack in the vicinity of intermetallic particles. The proposed tool proved to be highly efficient in terms of studying non-stationary processes, while the DRT analysis allowed for an in-depth and precise localization of the number and the kinetics of the ongoing processes. The corrosion mechanism description was supported by numerous microscopic and spectroscopic tools.